© boardworks ltd 20051 of 31 graphics developing your ideas graphic products developing your ideas...

© Boardworks Ltd 20051 of 31

GraphicsDeveloping Your Ideas

Graphic ProductsDeveloping Your Ideas

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Learning objectivesL

earn

ing

ob

ject

ives


To learn how to develop your design ideas using:

appropriate colours

appropriate lettering

surface developments – nets

prototypes and models.

To learn how to present your ideas and develop your portfolio using:

ICT – CAD and CAM

photographs

charts, graphs and diagrams.


Colour is an essential part of the world around us. It provides us with information regarding our surroundings and has the ability to influence our moods and feelings.

The use and choice of colour is one of the most crucial decisions when designing graphic products. Finding a suitable colour is a lot more complex that you might think.

All colours originate from three primary colours.

Red YellowBlue

Colour

These colours can then be mixed to provide a huge spectrum of other colours.


Colours that are made from the combination of two primary colours are called secondary colours.

Colour


Colours that are made from the combination of primary and secondary colours are called tertiary colours.

Colour


The colour wheel can be very useful when choosing colours. It shows the layout of the primary, secondary and tertiary colours.

The colour wheel

Colours that appear next to each other on the colour wheel are said to be in harmony.

Colours that are opposite each other on the colour wheel are known as contrasting or complimentary colours.


The amount of each of the primary colours present determines the hue. The colour can then be altered by varying the tone. Adding white makes a hue with a lighter tone; adding black makes a hue with a darker tone.

Light tone Dark tone

Colour – tone and hue


Colours can affect our emotions and feelings. Colours such as red warn us of danger, while blue can be calming.

Colours can also represent cultural ideas to some people. For example, green is a holy colour for Muslims.

Here are some more examples:

The language of colour

Blue can be calming and tranquil. It can represent truth, peace or water. Yellow is

considered a happy

colour, but is also used for warning signs and

can represent

cowardice.

Red can represent danger, evil, love,

heat or even Communism.

Green is often used to represent

nature and the environment.

White represents purity – this is why wedding

dresses are white.

Black is associated with death, but is also considered

formal and smart.


The language of colour

Why do you think Tim’s soothing baby lotion doesn’t sell as well as other similar brands?


When small areas of colour are placed very close together, the colours merge and look different.

For example, a large number of small red and yellow dots may look orange from a distance…

Colour fusion and separation

Colour separation is when you break down printed images into the four process colours used to create them. The process colours are cyan, magenta, yellow and black.

Colour printers create images by printing layers of these four colours on top of each other.

…but up close they still look red and yellow.

This is called colour fusion.


There are countless ways to write the same words, each creating a different impression.

Lettering


Lettering, or typography, is the art of word design.

There are hundreds of different typefaces available on computers. You can even create your own.

When you are choosing lettering you must think about the following things:

Lettering

Appearance – How does it look? You should pick a font or typeface that you think looks good.

Suitability – Is it suitable for the product?You don’t want to use a jolly font for something sad.

Readability – Can you read it? The word has got to be legible.


Size – Is the size correct for the piece of work?

You can change the format of the word but keep the font and size the same.

Format – Does it need to be bolder, underlined or italic?

Colour – you can also emphasize words by making them a particular colour. Why do you think some of the words on this slide are orange?

You can choose the

more.stand outor to make it

the surroundingof the font to fit in withsize

piece of work

Lettering


Nets is the term given to the flat state of cartons or packaging before they are folded and stuck together.

You can get very simple nets for things like cubes, or more complex nets for products like display stands.

Surface developments (nets)

In industry, nets are cut out using a die cutter and the folds are made using a creasing bar.

The net must be cut out and scored where necessary to allow it to be easily folded.

The net must include all the tabs needed for construction so that nothing else has to be added.


Surface developments (nets)

Match each shape that appears to the correct net.


The bases of boxes can be designed in several ways. There are two main types of bases in packaging – tuck in bases and automatic bases (crash bases).

Surface developments – bases

These are used on containers that need to fold flat, but which must be easy to reassemble quickly. The base pushes in to fold flat, but is easy to push out again. The McDonald’s Happy Meal box is an example of an automatic base.

Automatic Bases –

Tuck-in bases – This is when the base reflects the size of the package and has a tab to hold it in place.


A crash base looks like this in its flat state.

Once it has been assembled, it looks like this:

You can then push the base in on itself, allowing the package to fold flat.

Surface developments – automatic bases


Applying text to surface developments can be difficult – you must ensure that you apply the text in the right direction so that it will be correctly positioned when the box is constructed.

As long as you remember the basic principles used on a cube, you can work it out.

Surface developments


As you begin to enter the final design stages of a product, you need to be able to see your design in a clearer, more real way. You can do this by manufacturing a mock-up or prototype model of your design. You can then use your prototype to test your design.

Whatever the final outcome may be, you need to consider the following aspects. Is your model going to be:

Mock-ups and prototypes

Two-dimensional?

Three-dimensional?

Made to a different scale (size) to your final product?

Made of different materials?


Once your prototype has been made you need to test the design. Depending on what the outcome is, you may need to go back, review and modify your design to make it more successful.

You should then manufacture a further prototype to test your modified design. This cycle of testing and adapting should continue until your idea cannot be improved any further.


Make prototype

Testing

Decide on alterations


I think this bag is too big.

Prototypes allow you to test a number of things:


Prototypes don’t have to be manufactured from the specified materials that the product will be made from. Materials like styrofoam are often used because they are easy to shape.

Size Finish

Some very successful prototypes are also made from paper and card. You should pick the material most suited to the job.

Look

Shape Function


You can also use computers to present your designs. Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacture are terms used for a range of different ICT applications that can help in the design and manufacture of products.

CAD and CAM

COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURE (CAM)A term used for manufacturing processes controlled

by computers.

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD)A computer aided system for creating, developing, modifying

and communicating design ideas.


There are a number of computer programs you can use to present your ideas and research:

Spreadsheets – The most common program is Microsoft Excel. This allows you to present information logically and rearrange data to suit your needs.

Word processing packages – The most common program is Microsoft Word. This allows you to copy, paste, format text and images, and import graphics.

CAD and CAM


Desk top publishing –The most common program is Microsoft Publisher. It allows you to manipulate text and images in a greater variety of ways than word processing packages.

Graphic packages – There are a wide variety of graphics packages – a common one is ProDesktop. It allows you to create a range of graphic products, including engineering drawings and 3D presentational work.

CAD and CAM


You can use photographs to develop your graphics portfolio. Use them for:

Photographs

You can still use old fashioned film, and stick your photos in.

If you have a digital camera, you can now take digital photos and import them straight into your documents. You can edit and enhance them using graphics software.

Presentation work

Recording stages of development

As a visual account of your manufacturing process

Research purposes.


Throughout a project you collect a lot of data. It may come from your initial research stage, evaluations of your progress, or from the testing of your final product.

Data form

The first thing you must do though is to pull all your data together and correlate your results.

The data needs to be analysed – one of the easiest ways to do this is by presenting your data in a graphical format.


Data form

There are many different types of chart that you can use:


Sequential diagrams are used most commonly in instruction manuals or leaflets.

Images are used for a number of reasons –

Sequential diagrams

To explain a process visually

To cross language barriers

To provide visual instructions

To help and assist where words would not be enough by themselves.


Schematic maps and diagrams are used to present data in a more logical, easily understandable format.

One of the most recognisable schematic maps is that of the London Underground.

Schematic maps

The underground railway lines do not really follow straight lines, as they appear to on the map.

The map shows a simplified version of the tube system – it does not show the actual positions of the tracks and stations.


Schematic maps simplify more complicated routes. The next three images show how a schematic map can be created for the journey from your home to church.

Schematic maps


Key pointsK

ey p

oin

ts


The colours and lettering must be carefully chosen when developing a graphic product.You can use nets to form 3D shapes from sheet materials. There are two types of bases – automatic (crash) and tuck-in.Prototypes and mock-ups can be used to develop and present your ideas.ICT can be used to develop and present your ideas.Photos, charts and diagrams can be used to present your ideas.

© boardworks ltd 20051 of 31 graphics developing your ideas graphic products developing your ideas...

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