atoms bond by or electrons. transferring sharing an atom’s depends on how likely it will....
TRANSCRIPT
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CHEMICAL BONDS AND STABILITY
Intro to Chemistry
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How do atoms bond?
Atoms bond by or
electrons.
TRANSFERRINGSHARING
An atom’s depends on how likely it will .
STABILITY REAC
T
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Why do atoms bond?
want to be therefore they want their energy filled.
ATOMSOUTER-MOST
STABLE
LEVEL
electrons (with the exception of having
electrons) make a
8 VALENCE HELIUM 2
VALENCESTABLE ATOM.
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Atoms react or BOND in two ways:
1. An atom electrons to become
2. An atom electrons to become
LOSESPOSITIVE
GAINS
NEGATIVE
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CHEMICAL BOND
The of that
FORCE ATTRACTION
HOLDS TWO ATOMS TOGETHER
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Reactive Metals and Nonmetals
Elements that have react easily with whose atoms 1
Which group has 7 valence electrons?
Which group has 1 valence electron?
7 VALENCE ELECTRONSELEMENT
SGIVE UP OR SHARE ELECTRON
17 – very reactive
1 – very reactive
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Reactive Metals and Nonmetals
Usually elements have , or
will their electrons.
Elements with , or will electrons.
1 2
3 VALENCE ELECTRONS
LOSE
5 67 VALENCE ELECTRONS
GAIN
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Nonmetals
Have or more Bond with by
electrons. and
bond by electrons.
4 VALENCE ELECTRONSMETALS GAINING
NONMETALS NONMETALSSHARING
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THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF BONDS
IONIC BONDS COVALENT BONDS
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IONIC BONDS
Atoms transfer VALENCE ELECTRONS to reach stability.
**Atoms with 5, 6 or 7 valence electrons
** Atoms with 1, 2 or 3 valence electrons
GAIN ELECTRONS TO BE STABLE
LOSE ELECTRONS TO BE STABLE
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Lithium, Fluorine, Neon
Lithium – Gives 1 Valence Electron Fluorine – Takes 1 valence electron to
become stable. Neon – does not take or give any
electrons. Neon is in group 18 and is already stable.
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Ionic Bonds
When an atom or valence the becomes or electrically charged.
Ion -
LOSES GAINSELECTRONS
ATOMPOSITIVELY
NEGATIVELY
An atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge (+ or - )
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LOSING VALENCE ELECTRONS GIVES YOU +++++POSITIVE IONS
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LOSING VALENCE ELECTRONS GIVES YOU….
When an atom an it becomes charged.
WHY DOES THIS HAPPEN?
LOSES ELECTRONPOSITIVELY
+++ POSITIVE IONS+++
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GAINING VALENCE ELECTRONS GIVES YOU…
---NEGATIVE IONS--
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GAINING VALENCE ELECTRONS GIVES YOU…
When an atom an it becomes charged.
WHY DOES THIS HAPPEN?
---NEGATIVE IONS---GAINS ELECTRO
N NEGATIVELY
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REVIEW: HOW IONIC BONDING WORKS
Atoms become charged Transferring valence electrons
cause ions to be formed Opposite ions attract each other
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COVALENT BOND
A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons. (Uncharged)
***Covalent bonds usually form between and
. The of the
of each holds the together when
NONMETALS NONMETALSFORCE ATTRACTION
ATOMS NUCLEUSSHARING
ELECTRONS
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COVALENT BOND
** A molecule is
**Remember** Atoms bond to reach (Helium 2 v.e.) which makes the
Molecular Compound: A that is of
A NEUTRAL GROUP OF ATOMS JOINED BY COVALENT BONDS.
COVALENTLY8 VALENCE ELECTRONS
COMPOUND STABLECOMPOUND
MADE MOLECULES COVALENTLY BONDED
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