as you age, your skin becomes thinner your skin loses some of its subcutaneous fat this causes the...
TRANSCRIPT
SKIN DISORDERS
AGING
As you age, your skin becomes thinner Your skin loses some of its subcutaneous fat This causes the skin to be less plump and less
smooth
CAUSES OF SKIN AGING Main cause is sunlight Another causes is smoking
The wrinkling increases with the amount of cigarettes and number of years a person has smoked.
HOW TO PREVENT AGING
Very few treatments have been FDA approved
Best ways to prevent aging: Do not tan Avoid the sun between 10 am and 4
pm Wear protective clothing Use sunscreen Do not smoke
WERNER’S SYNDROME
Inherited premature aging disease
Results in the appearance of old age by 30 to 40 years old
Usually grow normally until puberty
Short stature, wrinkled skin, baldness, cataracts, muscular atrophy and a tendency to get diabetes
Cells have a shorter life span than normal
Affects 1 in 200,000 people in US
ATHLETE’S FOOT
Fungal infection called dermatophytes
Most people get it at some point in their lives
Spreads very easily in public places Communal showers, locker rooms, fitness
centers are breeding grounds for the fungus
WHY ATHLETE’S FOOT?
Usually affects spaces in between toes Can also spread to soles of feet, sides of
feet, toenails
SYMPTOMS OF ATHLETE’S FOOT
Itching, stinging, burning Itchy blisters Cracking and peeling skin Excessive dryness of the
skin Nails that are thick,
crumbly, ragged, discolored or pulling away from the nail bed
Not all carriers show symptoms
CAUSES OF ATHLETE’S FOOT
Dermatophytes are fungi that sprout tendrils and affect the epidermis
When the skin detects the fungi, it causes the basal cell layer to overproduce new skin cells This causes the skin to become thick and scaly
DERMATOPHYTES
These fungal organisms thrive in damp environments
This can be caused by wearing tight shoes that pinch your toes together to create a warm and moist environment
Obviously, damp shoes or socks will make that environment even better for the fungi
TREATMENT Usually responds
to over-the-counter medication Athlete foot
creams and sprays
More serious cases may require prescription medication
Treatments are usually anti-fungal medications
HIVES
Hives are red, raised, itchy welts on the skin Tend to occur
in bunches Usually harmless
and don’t leave permanent marks
More serious cases will usually go away with antihistamine medication
TYPES OF HIVES Acute: lasts from less than a day
up to six weeks Chronic: lasts longer than six
weeks, and can last for years!
CAUSES
Triggered when certain cells, called mast cells, release histamine in to the skin and bloodstream causing inflammation in the skin.
This sometimes is an allergic reaction to medications or food. Common medication
allergies: antibiotics, aspirin, ibuprofen,
Common food allergies: shellfish, fish, nuts, eggs, and milk
Other allergens: pollen, animal dander, latex, insect stings
Environmental factors: heat, cold, sunlight, stress, exercise may also cause hives.
SHINGLES Viral infection that causes a painful rash. Actually caused by a herpes virus called
varicella-zoster. Pain can be excruciating, but it is not life-
threatening.
VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS
This is the same virus that causes chicken pox After you’ve had chicken
pox, the virus does not actually go away
It lies dormant in your nerves This is actually a form of the
herpes virus After years, the virus
can potentially be activated again as shingles. The virus will reactivate
and travel up the nerve pathway to the skin.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Pain, burning, tingling, or numbness in a certain part of the body
Red rash Fluid-filled blisters
that break open and then crust over
Fever, chills, nausea, abdominal pain, headache
HOW TO DIAGNOSE SHINGLES Shingles almost always occurs on just
one side of the body Usually follows the path of the nerves where
the inactive virus had been lying dormant Virus will reactivate in patients with a
weakened immune system, such as the elderly, people with AIDS, or people who have been very stressed.
TREATMENT High doses of an antiviral drugs keep the
virus from replicating itself This reduces the duration and severity of
symptoms Anti-Inflammatory drugs are then used to
reduce the inflammation Finally, topical and oral pain relievers are
given to the patient
WARTS
Type of infection caused by a virus in the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) family There are actually more than 100 types of HPV
viruses They can grow anywhere – seriously,
even on the inside of your mouth
HOW YOU CAN GET WARTS It is transferred from person to
person through contact with the wart of an infected person
Genital warts can be passed very easily during sexual intercourse Sometimes even condoms can’t protect you
from getting genital warts
TYPES OF WARTS
1. Common Warts: usually grow on fingers, around nails, and on backs of hands
-These are often called "seed" warts because the blood vessels to the wart produce black dots that look like seeds
2. Plantar (foot) warts: grow on the bottom of the foot
-usually more painful and more flat because of the pressure from walking on them
3. Flat Warts: smaller and smoother than other warts
-usually grow in clusters of 20-100 at a time
REMOVAL OF WARTS
Salicylic Acid: over the counter medications like Compound W often contain this strong acid that you apply directly to the wart each day It works best if the skin is damp Every time you wipe off the acid, make sure
you file the dead skin off the wart Liquid Nitrogen: this is the “freezing off”
of warts Usually has to be applied by a doctor 2-4 times
before the wart goes away completely You can also get them burned, cut off,
or removed by a laser, but these methods usually cause scars
There is NO CURE for genital warts
RINGWORM
Skin infection caused by a fungus
Can affect skin on the body, scalp, and groin
More common in kids
CAUSES OF RINGWORM Despite the name, it is
caused by a fungus, not a worm Also caused by
dermatophytes Ways fungus spreads:
person to person with direct contact
contact with contaminated items
Combs, unwashed clothing, shower and pool surfaces
pets carrying the fungus Especially cats!
SYMPTOMS OF RINGWORM
Itchy, red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze Patches often have
sharply-defined edges Patches usually
redder around the outside with normal skin tone in the center
Can cause bald spots in scalp
Glows under a black light
TREATMENT OF RINGWORM
Keep skin clean and dry Apply anti-fungal creams, powders,
and sprays Wash sheets and clothes every day
that you have ringworm