© aerospatiale matra-airbus 1999 page 1 bte/sy/avc - september 23 rd, 1999 airbus industrie data...

© Aerospatiale Matra-Airbus 1999 BTE/SY/AVC - September 23rd, 1999

Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie

DATA LINK INTEGRATION ON AIRBUS: AIM - FANS

Airbus Interoperable Modular - Future Air Navigation System

LONDON

September, 23rd 1999


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Contents

Introduction

FANS (CNS/ATM) evolutions

Why FANS ?

What is FANS ?

CNS/ATM environments

Characteristics

Main steps

Airbus designObjectives

AIM-FANS

AIM-FANS steps

AIM-FANS architecture The ATSU (Air Traffic Services Unit)

Human Machine Interface

Experience gainedPre FANS

EOLIA / ProATN

Conclusion

Glossary


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Introduction

Today air transport drawbacks : delays at departure longer routes non optimized speed and flight level delays at arrival

unhappy passenger airport congestion money loss for everybody

Forecast traffic growth : 5 to 7% per year (20% in some areas)

traffic close to jamming

ICAO decision for CNS / ATM

(adoption of the FANS Group recommendations)


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Introduction

FANS (Future Air Navigation System), or more accurately CNS/ATM (Communication, Navigation, Surveillance / Air Traffic Management) covers the main evolutions of the way the airspace will be used in the years to come.

Therefore, by definition, FANS (CNS/ATM) implementation is an evolutionary process that :

involves improvements to the airborne and ground systems to allow more efficient aircraft operations,

is centered on a better circulation of information between the airspace users (airlines, ...) and the airspace managers (Air Traffic Service providers).

Airbus Industrie is committed to support FANS (CNS/ATM) developments. Thus, it is preparing its family of fly-by-wire aircraft to take advantage of the evolutions of airspace management in a flexible and evolutive manner.



FANS (CNS/ATM) evolutions


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Why FANS ?

The general objectives of FANS (CNS/ATM) are to : Increase airspace capacity Enhance operational flexibility while allowing continued safety of air traffic

These objectives are achievable by : improving Air Traffic Control (ATC) procedures

using :

data communications satellite-based navigation

Airlines with equipped aircraft will get operational advantages

FANS (CNS/ATM) is to use airspace more efficientlyFANS (CNS/ATM) is to use airspace more efficiently


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie What is FANS ?

Tools (Communication, Navigation, Surveillance - CNS) : Data communications for air-ground system integration

Satellite navigation for worldwide navigation performance

Upgraded ground ATC performance

New methods to use the airspace : Air Traffic Management (ATM) based on

improved exchange of information between aircraft and ground

upgraded aircraft and ground system capabilities

FANS : implementation of tools (CNS) & use of methods (ATM) to lead to more efficient use of 4D (Lat., Long., Alt., time) airspace through :

better ATC efficiency

more flexible airline operationsFANS = CNS + ATMFANS = CNS + ATM


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie FANS (CNS/ATM) overview

N

N

N

S

SS

C

C

CVHF, HF, Mode S

Communication Satellites (Satcom)

Navigation Satellites (GNSS)

AirlineAirlineOperationsOperations

AirlineAirlineOperationsOperations

Air TrafficAir TrafficControlControl

Air TrafficAir TrafficControlControl

PassengerPassengerServicesServices

PassengerPassengerServicesServices

Ground Communications NetworkGround Communications NetworkGround Communications NetworkGround Communications Network

DGNSSReference Stations


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Communication and Surveillance

FANS (CNS/ATM) changes the way the aircraft crew and the airspace managers communicate.

Communications are based on Datalink to support Controller-Pilot DataLink Communications (CPDLC)

clearances requests, …

Automatic Dependant Surveillance (ADS) addressed, initially broadcast (ADS-B), in the medium to long term

Information Services Flight Information Terminal Information Weather, ...

DATA communicationsDATA communications



CNS/ATM environments


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Environment - general

FANS principles were endorsed (by ICAO member states) to economically cope with continuing air traffic growth.

Thus, evolution towards FANS is irreversible.

Route by route and/or regional implementation. Target for FANS worldwide : 2015

Numerous parties involved (states, ATS providers, airworthiness authorities, communications service providers, airlines, military, general aviation, airframers, avionics & ground equipment manufacturers, ...).

Transition to FANS requires, in particular in the aircraft systems : flexibility growth capability

Airlines with equipped aircraft will get operational benefit.

Transition to FANS starting in some regionsTransition to FANS starting in some regions


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Main steps of evolution

Several CNS/ATM environments are being defined

ICAO CNS/ATM-1 ICAO CNS/ATM-1 High Density airspace

C & S : New Comm. Network (ATN)-based ATC datalink

N : Extended Satellite. Nav.-based (GNSS)

ATM : Air Traffic Control (current procedure enhancements, initially; starts transition to Free Flight)

from 2005+ICAO std.

FANS 1/A FANS 1/A Oceanic/Remote airspace

C & S : ACARS-based ATC datalink

N : GPS-based

ATM : Air Traffic Control (current procedure enhancements)

from now onBefore ICAO std.

““Free Flight”Free Flight”North America, Europe

(tbc)

C & S : Based on Advanced Aircraft Reporting Sys. (ADS-Broadcast), and ATN-based ATC datalink

N : Extended Satellite. Nav.-based (GNSS)

ATM : “free flight”

from 2008+Beyond ICAO std.



Airbus design


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Airbus Industrie FANS objectives

Adapt the aircraft to the various CNS/ATM environmentsCope with moving environment

Flexibility, responsiveness to different and changing functional requirements by region / routes

Minimize the burden for airlines to move to CNS/ATM scheduling of avionics standards to minimize retrofit

compatibility with aircraft intermediate standards

Minimization of effects on peripheral equipment

Introduce user-friendly Human Machine Interface for ATC datalink

Optimized integration with existing functionality

FANS (CNS/ATM) upgrades are designed to fit in the Airbus family concept


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Priorities

The implementation of AIM-FANS architecture to prepare for the introduction of ATC datalink functions is applicable to all Airbus fly-by-wire family

Pre-FANS for A330/A340 & A319/A320/A321

FANS (CNS/ATM) benefits are available initially in oceanic and other remote airspaces

FANS A for A330/A340 only

Then, advanced CNS/ATM will be implemented in more regions FANS B for A330/A340 & A319/A320/A321

developments will benefit from Airbus family concept

architecture & systems similarities


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Airborne functions

C ARINC 622 (analog radio)

CPDLC (preliminary)

N GPS RNP (initial)

S TCAS ADS (preliminary)

2000FANS A/1 (interim)

FANS A/1

C ATN (digital radio)

CPDLC (ICAO)

N GNSSS ADS (ICAO)

ACAS

GlobalRSP (RCP / RNP / RMP) concept

from 2005+CNS/ATM-1 (the “basics”)

ICAOCNS / ATM(FANS B)

FANS A

future, 2008+being defined

“Free Flight” concepts

Note: some functions required for “Free flight may be implemented prior to full concept availability.

ADS-B (STDMA, ...)

still tbd

DGNSS

FANS A

CDTI

FANS B



Crew Interfaces

Printer

EFISECAM

MCDU

Dat

a co

mm

un

icat

ion

Nav

igat

ion

AIM-FANS architecture

* introduced with FANS capability only

DCDU*(ATC displays)

VDR

Satcom

HFDR

ModeS

Communication Devices

AMU

AOC/ATC*

Datalink

Audio

ATSUincluding ACARS

function

ADIRS

ADF

FMS

Navigation Sensors

GPS

MMR

ILS/GPS /DGPS/(MLS)

VOR DME


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie AIM-FANS steps

AIM-FANS is designed to allow the Airbus aircraft to be operated in the ultimate “FANS world” and during the transition towards it.

It is based on modular and flexible avionics upgrades.

Initial steps have been identified:

FANS Afrom 2000 (A330/A340 only)

FANS Bfrom 2002

FMSGPS Based

ACARS networks

ATSU for ATC + AOC(ATC per RTCA definition.)

FMSGNSS BasedNavigation

Communication&

Surveillance

ATN network

ATSU for ATC + AOC(ATC per ICAO definition)

pre-FANSfrom 1998

FMSGPS (optional)

ACARS networks

ATSU for AOC only



Data Communications


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Data Communications

Future aircraft data communication functions will include :

Airline data communication functions (ACARS function or AOC - Airline Operational Communication), including FMS-ACARS interface (e.g. Flight Plan uplink, progress reports, maintenance reports, … for airline use)

ATC data communications functions, introducing extensive data communication between aircraft (flight crew, systems) and Air Traffic Control Managers


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie ATSU definition

The ATSU (Air Traffic Services Unit) is introduced to support emerging ATC datalink functions

is developed and manufactured by Aerospatiale

hosts functions that were previously in ACARS MU/CMU :

ACARS router (subcontracted to Rockwell-Collins) to select communication media

to manage interface with aircraft ACARS user systems (FMS, CMS / CFDS, ACMS / AIDS)

Note : these interfaces are available even if AOC software is not installed

specific airline applications (AOC software) which are BFE in the ATSU (choice between Allied Signal and Rockwell-Collins)

to perform specific airline functions, such as OOOI, delay, load sheet, fuel on board, gate assignment, ... reports


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie The ATSU in summary

The ATSU is a modular hosting platform that : centralizes all data communication-related functions

ATC datalink (i.e. FANS, CNS/ATM)

airline data communications (replaces ACARS Management Unit)

concentrates all evolutions, to ease quick and dependable introduction safety-related ATC datalink capability during the transition towards the ultimate “FANS world”

manages the dedicated Human Machine Interface for datalink

hosts software developed by several suppliers ATC software controlled and managed by Airbus Industrie customizable AOC software open to competition between ACARS vendors (Collins

&Allied Signal)

is upgradable to communicate over ATN (Aeronautical Telecommunication Network)

The ATSU is the datalink concentratorThe ATSU is the datalink concentrator


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie ATSU modularity

The ATSU is modular (hardware and software) to ease the introduction of ATC datalink evolutions.

RouterHMIManagement

Comm.resources

ARINC 622(FANS A)

ATN(FANS B)

ATSU is modular for growth and flexibilityATSU is modular for growth and flexibility

Comm. Media

VDR

Satcom

HFDR

ModeS

...

Air Traffic Services Unit - ATSU

PowerSupply

Comm.applications

ATCmodules

AOC

OperatingSystem

Provisions

Processor

Input/output

Software Hardware

Cockpit Interfaces

DCDU

EIS

MCDU

Printer

User systems

...

FMS

CMC

FWC

Clock


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Data Communication resources

The following definition applies to FANS A & B :

Communicationnetwork

Communicationprotocol

Communicationmedia

Characteristics

ACARS networks + ATN networks

ARINC 622 + ATN

VDR mode A and mode 2Satcom

VDR mode 4 (tbc)Satcom data 3+ HF datalink+ Mode S level 4 (tbc)+ ...

Bit-oriented applications on character-oriented network

Congestion of ACARS network

Limited management of priority

Supported today

Bit-oriented applications on bit-oriented networkLess congested for ground partManagement of priorityAvailable in a few years

FANS A FANS B



Human Machine Interface for ATC datalink


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie HMI - principles

A new situation audio progressively complemented by written messages

ATC ultimately replaced by ATM

Deep changes Human to human relationship

Human to machine relationship

Constraints Maintain coherence with existing cockpit design

take into account flight crew experience with existing aircraft types

Methodology Systematic human factors evaluation


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Human Machine Interface

Two dedicated LCD screens with software programmable keys (DCDU - Datalink Control & Display Unit) were selected by a panel of pilots :

Minimum perturbation of existing procedures leading to simple reversion to backup voice-based procedures

Full time accessibility, readability for both crew

limited head-down time

2 ATC MSG pushbuttons

2 DCDU


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie DCDU front face

2215Z FROM KZAK CTL OPEN

REDUCE SPD TO M.81 ORLESS

*UNABLE

< OTHER WILCO*

STDBY*



The “alert” function - general

When a message is uplinked to the aircraft by the Air Traffic Manager, the crew is alerted through :

Visual attention getter

flashing blue “ATC MSG” pushbuttons on the glareshield

Note : uplink message arrival is also visualized on the two DCDUs

Audio attention getter

dedicated sound (American telephone)

Note : for all but urgent messages, there is a time delay (after visual attention getter) before audio alert is triggered


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Use of DCDU - Basic principles

The DCDU is similar to a fax machine: Reception (Uplink)

The flight crew receives a “clean” explicit message that can be read directly.

Transmission (Downlink)

The flight crew can use the standard reply (automatically proposed) on the DCDU (e.g. WILCO, UNABLE, STANDBY)

no interference with other work, e.g. on the MCDU

If not appropriate, the flight crew shall prepare the message type and contents on one MCDU (similar to the preparation of a form

to be faxed)

transfer the data to the DCDU (similar to the fax machine) where it is displayed as it will be sent

send the message, from either DCDU

The DCDUs are constantly synchronized, to allow crew coordination


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Downlink principles

The principles that were selected for the downlink to ATC are the following :

elaboration of the request is done on the MCDU

menu-driven

the message is reviewed on the DCDU

message displayed as it will be send

review possible from both DCDUs

a message can always be modified before its sending

on MCDU

“SEND” command is on the DCDU (fax comparison !)



Experience Gained


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Experience Gained

AIM FANS Implementation Pre FANS on A340 & A320

Projects: Petal I

EOLIA / Pro ATN


Airbus IndustrieAirbus IndustrieEOLIA/ProATN Le Bourget ‘99 (1)

A highly successful demonstration, involvingAirsys ATM ATC ground station

Aerospatiale MATRA-Airbus A340 simulator

NLR Cessna Citation II research aircraft

EOLIA kernel servicesADS position reporting

14 CPDLC messages from the CIC set

(8 uplink/5downlink)

Basic DLIC/ACM functionality


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Le Bourget Configuration

Le Bourget

ATNrouter

Airsys ATMGroundEnd System

ATN aircraft

X25 Network

Satcom

Simulatedaircraft

RouterX25 Network

PseudoPilot

Aerospatiale& NLR


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie EOLIA/ProATN Le Bourget ‘99 (2)

ProATN infrastructure using SATCOM data-3 subnetwork

Daily demonstrationsLocal simulations

Single aircraft demonstrations

A340 simulator with video link from cockpit

Cessna Citation aircraft with 2 observers (6 flights)

Multi aircraft demonstrations

A340 simulator and Cessna Citation II


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Le Bourget ‘99 feedback

Demonstrations showed ATN at work in a near-operational environment on industrial airborne platform (ATSU)

Positive feedback from observers on LACK implementation

CPDLC roundtrip delay approx. 3 sec (High gain antenna), 10 sec (Low gain antenna)

Paved the way for full EOLIA/ProATN evaluations in 1999/2000


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Plans for the near future

Full EOLIA servicesFull ACM implementation

Expanded CPDLC message set

FLIPCY

Additional ground sites (incl. Multi-site)

Cohabitation Satcom & VDL-2 (ProATN)

Evaluation trials with full servicesFlight trials

Simulations



Conclusion


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie Conclusion : Airbus AIM FANS

FANS (CNS/ATM) is implemented to support air traffic growthSignificant operational benefits may be available for equipped

aircraftAirbus offers AIM-FANS, a flexible approach to CNS/ATM

implementation to cover gradual, benefits-driven implementation of ATM environment

worldwide

to allow airlines to transition at their preferred pace towards “FANS” world

start with existing airline datalink capability

designed to support upgrades for ATC datalink

AIM-FANS design has been validated with airlines

It is based on common hardware (ATSU, DCDU, FMS) for all Airbus fly-by-wire fleets (A319/A320/A321, A330/A340), as well as some common software.

It has growth potential to support evolving standards

with projects


Airbus IndustrieAirbus Industrie GlossaryACARS Aircraft Comm, Addressing and Reporting SystemACARS MU ACARS Management UnitACAS Airborne Collision Avoidance SystemADF Automatic Direction FinderADIRS Air Data Inertial Reference SystemADS Automatic Dependent SurveillanceADS-B ADS-BroadcastAFN ATC Facilities NotificationAIM-FANS Airbus Interoperable Modular FANSAMU Audio Management UnitAOC Airline Operational Communication ARINC Aeronautical Radio Inc. ATC Air Traffic ControlATM Air Traffic Management ATN Aeronautical Telecommunication Network ATS Air Traffic Services ATSU Air Traffic Services UnitCDTI Cockpit Display of Traffic InformationCFDIU Centralized Fault Display Interface UnitCMA Context Management ApplicationCMC Central Maintenance ComputerCNS Communication, Navigation and SurveillanceCNS/ATM CNS / Air Traffic ManagementCPDLC Controller-Pilot DataLink CommunicationDCDU Data Communication Display UnitDGNSS Differential GNSSDMC Display Management Computer (see EFIS/ECAM)DME Distance Measuring EquipmentECAM Electronic Centralized Aircraft MonitoringEFIS Electronic Flight Instrument SystemEIS Electronic Instrument SystemFAA Federal Aviation AdministrationFANS Future Air Navigation System - see CNS/ATMFCU Flight Control Unit

FIS Flight Information ServicesFMS Flight Management SystemFWC Flight Warning ComputerGNSS Global Navigation Satellite System GPS Global Positioning System HF(HFDR) High Frequency (Data Radio)HFDL High Frequency DataLinkHMI Human Machine InterfaceICAO International Civil Aviation OrganizationILS Instrument Landing SystemISPACG Informal South Pacific Atc Coordination GroupLADGPS Local Area Differential GPSLCD Liquid Crystal DisplayMCDU Multipurpose Control and Display UnitMLS Microwave Landing SystemMMR Multi-Mode ReceiverOSI Open System InterconnectionRCP Required Communication PerformanceRMP Radio Management Panel/Required Monitoring Perfo.RNav aRea NavigationRNP Required Navigation PerformanceRSP Required Systems PerformanceRTA Required Time of ArrivalRVSM Reduced Vertical Separation MinimaSatcom Satellite CommunicationSDAC System Data Acquisition ConcentratorSDU Satellite Data UnitSTDMA Self organizing Time Division Multiple Access (VHF)TCAS Traffic Collision Avoidance SystemTIS Traffic Information ServiceVHF (VDR) Very High Frequency (VHF Data Radio)VOR VHF Omnidirectional RangeWAAS Wide Area Augmentation System

© aerospatiale matra-airbus 1999 page 1 bte/sy/avc - september 23 rd, 1999 airbus industrie data...

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