A change in the direction of light as it moves from one type of substance into another.

Figure 14-5 on p. 399 removed for copyright.

Light moving into something more dense slows down and bends toward the normal line.

Figure 14-6 on p. 400 removed for copyright.

Light moving into something less dense speeds up and bends away from the normal line.

Figure 14-7 on p. 401 removed for copyright.

n1 x sin of angle 1 = n2 x sin of angle 2 where n1 = refractive index of substance 1 and n2 = refractive index of substance 2

Refractive Index of Water (substance 1) = 1.33 Refractive Index of Air (substance 2) = 1.00 Angle 1 = 30° Angle 2 = ?

n1 x sin of angle 1 = n2 x sin of angle 21.33 x (sin 30°) = 1.00 x (sin of angle 2)1.33 x (0.5) = 1.00 x (sin of angle 2)0.665 = 1.00 x (sin of angle 2)0.665 = (sin of angle 2)42 ° = angle 2

n1 x sin of angle 1 = n2 x sin of angle 2

1.Refractive index for substance 1 = 1.00, Refractive index for substance 2 = 1.50, Angle 1 = 45°, Angle 2 = ?

2.Refractive index for substance 1 = 1.33, Refractive index for substance 2 = 1.50, Angle 1 = 27°, Angle 2 = ?

3. Refractive index for substance 1 = 1.00, Refractive index for substance 2 = ?, Angle 1 = 30°, Angle 2 = 37°

4. Refractive index for substance 1 = 1.33, Refractive index of refraction for substance 2 = ?, Angle 1 = 25°,Angle 2 = 23°

If a sample is too small to measure with Snell’s Law, the submersion method is used.

Figures 14-8 and 14-9 on p. 402 removed for copyright.

Lines created as refracted light concentrates along the edge of glass.

Figures 14-11 and 14-12 on p. 403-4 removed for copyright.