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Problem Based LearningProblem Based Learning

(Zekeriya Aktürk, Prof. Dr.)

http://aile.atauni.edu.tr

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Aims and Objectives

• Aim: At the end of this presentation, the participants should have information about teaching in small groups and problem based learning.

• Objectives: by the conclusion of this presentation each participant should be able to:– • Describe the indications for small group teachings

– • Define “problem based learning”

– • Explain four components of PBL

3

When do we need small group teaching?

Knowledge

Attitude Problem solving

Communication skills

Motor skills

Class lecture 7 3 4 2 0

Discussion 8 9 6 7 2

Audiovisual lect 6 3 4 1 4

Role play 4 8 8 8 3

Case discussion 5 7 9 3 4

COACHING 5 6 8 7 9

Demonstration 6 4 7 4 9/ 25

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PBL• An effective method of small group teaching is PBL

• Working in groups, students identify what they already know, what they need to know, and how and where to access new information that may lead to resolution of the problem.

• The goals of PBL are to help the students develop flexible knowledge, effective problem solving skills, self-directed learning, effective collaboration skills and intrinsic motivation

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem-based_learning

6

Traditional teaching “Teacher”

“Students”

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7

PBL “Teacher”

“Students”

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Advantages

• The learner takes responsibility

• The tutor is able to assess learner needs

• Individual strengths/weaknesses can be revealed

• Learners learning capacity can be evaluated

• Enables self evaluation

• Is interactive– Passive learning: boring, student participation and

grasping low– Interactive: Better learner attention and understanding

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The Role of the Tutor

• Making a general plan of the sessions

• Promote participation

• Assure not deviating from the topic

• Time management

• Facilitator

• NOT GIVING A CLASSROOM PRESENTATION

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Teacher

• Lecturer• Instructor

– one that instructs : teacher; especially : a college teacher below professorial rank

• teacher– one that teaches; especially : one whose occupation is

to instruct

• tutor– a person charged with the instruction and guidance of

another:

– a private teacher / 2511

• mentor– a trusted counselor or guide

• trainer– Synonyms: coach

• Facilitator– one that facilitates; especially : one that helps to bring about an

outcome (as learning, productivity, or communication) by providing indirect or unobtrusive assistance, guidance, or supervision <the workshop's facilitator kept discussion flowing smoothly>

• coach– [from the concept that the tutor conveys the student through

examinations] a : a private tutor b : one who instructs or trains <an acting coach>; especially : one who instructs players in the fundamentals of a competitive sport and directs team strategy <a football coach>

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Four Components of PBL

• A. Scenario (Problem)

• B. Students

• C. Tutor

• D. Evaluation

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PBL (Stenden University)

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Stages of PBL

* Study what you don’t know

* List what you know

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• Objectives aimed at PBL should be targeting higher levels in the learning taxonomy (i.e. analysis, synthesis, evaluation).

• The scenarios should be structured in order to develop analysis, synthesis, and evaluation capabilities of students.

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The Process of PBL

/ 2517MOHAMED ELHASSAN ABDALLA & ABDELRAHIM MUTWAKEL GAFFAR http://books.google.com.tr/books?id=8-AlR4SWfRMC&lpg=PA4&ots=Vt4ihsAwcd&dq=THE%20SEVEN%20STEPS%20OF%20PBL

%20IMPLEM&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false

PBL Scenario

• Student copy

• Tutor copy

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19 / 25

http://www.keele.ac.uk/media/keeleuniversity/group/hybridpbl/Example%20medical%20education%20PBL%20scenario.pdf

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Evaluation

/ 2522MOHAMED ELHASSAN ABDALLA & ABDELRAHIM MUTWAKEL GAFFAR http://books.google.com.tr/books?id=8-AlR4SWfRMC&lpg=PA4&ots=Vt4ihsAwcd&dq=THE%20SEVEN%20STEPS%20OF%20PBL

%20IMPLEM&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false

/ 2523Rosamaria Valle, lleana Petra, Adrian Martinez-Gonzalez et l. Assessment of student performance in problem-based

learning tutorial sessions. ME D I C A L ED U C A T I ON 1999;33:818±822http://www.dhpescu.org/media/elip/PBL23.pdf

Maastricht University

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Summary

• What is problem based learning?

• Explain the four components of a PBL

• Describe the application process of a PBL.

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