© 2013 pearson education, inc. chapter opener 5. © 2013 pearson education, inc. figure 5.1 skin...
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© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter Opener 5
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 5.1 Skin structure.
Hair shaft
Epidermis
Papillarylayer
Dermis Reticularlayer
Hypodermis(subcutaneoustissue; not partof skin)
Dermal papillae
Subpapillaryplexus
Sweat pore
Cutaneous plexus
Adipose tissue
Nervous structuresSensory nerve fiberwith free nerve endingsLamellar corpuscleHair follicle receptor(root hair plexus)
Appendages ofskinEccrine sweat glandArrector pili muscle
Sebaceous (oil)glandHair follicleHair root
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Figure 5.2 The main structural features of the skin epidermis.
Stratum spinosumSeveral layers of keratinocytes unified bydesmosomes. Cells contain thick bundles ofintermediate filaments made of pre-keratin.
Stratum basaleDeepest epidermal layer; one row of activelymitotic stem cells; some newly formed cellsbecome part of the more superficial layers.See occasional melanocytes and dendriticcells.
Melanocyte Dendriticcell
Keratinocytes
Dermis
Stratum corneumMost superficial layer; 20–30 layers of deadcells, essentially flat membranous sacsfilled with keratin. Glycolipids inextracellular space.
Dermis
Melaningranule
Sensorynerveending
Tactile(Merkel)cell
Desmosomes
Stratum granulosumTypically five layers of flattened cells, organellesdeteriorating; cytoplasm full of lamellar granules(release lipids) and keratohyaline granules.
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Figure 5.2a The main structural features of the skin epidermis.
Dermis
Stratum spinosumSeveral layers of keratinocytes unified by desmosomes.Cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made ofpre-keratin.
Stratum basaleDeepest epidermal layer; one row of actively mitotic stemcells; some newly formed cells become part of the moresuperficial layers. See occasional melanocytes and dendriticcells.
Stratum granulosumTypically five layers of flattened cells, organelles deteriorating;cytoplasm full of lamellar granules (release lipids) andkeratohyaline granules.
Stratum corneumMost superficial layer; 20–30 layers of dead cells, essentiallyflat membranous sacs filled with keratin. Glycolipids inextracellular space.
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Figure 5.2b The main structural features of the skin epidermis.
Stratum spinosumSeveral layers of keratinocytes unified by desmosomes.Cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filamentsmade of pre-keratin.
Stratum basaleDeepest epidermal layer; one row of activelymitotic stem cells; some newly formed cellsbecome part of the more superficial layers.See occasional melanocytes and dendriticcells.
Melanocyte
Dendriticcell
Keratinocytes
Stratum corneumMost superficial layer; 20–30 layers of dead cells,essentially flat membranous sacs filled with keratin.Glycolipids in extracellular space.
Dermis
Melaningranule
Sensorynerveending
Tactile(Merkel) cell
Desmosomes
Stratum granulosumTypically five layers of flattened cells, organellesdeteriorating; cytoplasm full of lamellar granules(release lipids) and keratohyaline granules.
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Figure 5.3 Light micrograph of the dermis identifying the papillary layer composed of areolar connective tissue and the reticular layer of dense irregular connective tissue (110x).
Epidermis
Papillarylayer
Dermis
Reticularlayer
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Figure 5.4 Dermal modifications result in characteristic skin markings.
Openings ofsweat gland ducts
Frictionridges
Friction ridges offingertip (SEM 12x)
Cleavage lines in thereticular dermis
Flexure lines of thehand
Flexure lineson the palm
Flexure lineson digit
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Figure 5.4a Dermal modifications result in characteristic skin markings.
Openings ofsweat gland ducts
Frictionridges
Friction ridges offingertip (SEM 12x)
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Figure 5.4b Dermal modifications result in characteristic skin markings.
Cleavage lines in thereticular dermis
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Figure 5.4c Dermal modifications result in characteristic skin markings.
Flexure lines of thehand
Flexure lineson the palm
Flexure lineson digit
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Figure 5.5 Skin appendages: Structure of a hair and hair follicle.
Follicle wall
Peripheralconnective tissue(fibrous) sheath
Glassy membrane
Epithelial root sheathExternal root sheathInternal root sheath
HairCuticle
Cortex
Medulla
Photomicrograph of a cross section of ahair and hair follicle (100x)
Diagram of a cross section of a hair within its follicle
Hair shaft•
•
•
Follicle wall
Peripheralconnective tissue(fibrous) sheath
Glassy membrane
Epithelial root sheathExternal root sheathInternal root sheath
Hair rootCuticle
Cortex
Medulla
Hair matrix
Hair papilla
Melanocyte
Subcutaneousadipose tissue
Photomicrograph of longitudinal viewof the hair bulb in the follicle (150x)
Diagram of a longitudinal view of the expanded hairbulb of the follicle, which encloses the matrix
ArrectorpiliSebaceousgland
Hair root
Hair bulb
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Follicle wall
Peripheralconnective tissue(fibrous) sheath
Glassy membrane
Epithelial root sheathExternal root sheathInternal root sheath
Hair
•
Cuticle
Cortex
Medulla
Diagram of a cross section of a hair within its follicle
Hair shaft
Arrectorpili
Hair root
Hair bulb
•
•
••
•
••
Sebaceousgland
Figure 5.5a Skin appendages: Structure of a hair and hair follicle.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Follicle wall
Peripheralconnective tissue(fibrous) sheath
Glassy membrane
Epithelial root sheathExternal root sheathInternal root sheath
HairCuticle
Cortex
Medulla
••
•
•
•
•••
Photomicrograph of a cross section of ahair and hair follicle (100x)
Figure 5.5b Skin appendages: Structure of a hair and hair follicle.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 5.5c Skin appendages: Structure of a hair and hair follicle.
Follicle wall
Peripheralconnective tissue(fibrous) sheath
Glassy membrane
Epithelial root sheathExternal root sheathInternal root sheath
Hair rootCuticle
Cortex
Medulla
Hair matrix
Hair papilla
Melanocyte
Subcutaneousadipose tissue
Diagram of a longitudinal view of the expanded hairbulb of the follicle, which encloses the matrix
Hair shaft
ArrectorpiliSebaceousgland
Hair root
Hair bulb
•
••••
•••
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Follicle wall
Peripheralconnective tissue(fibrous) sheath
Glassy membrane
Hair rootCuticle
Cortex
Medulla
Hair matrix
Hair papilla
Subcutaneousadipose tissue
•
Epithelial root sheathExternal root sheathInternal root sheath
•
••
•
•••
Photomicrograph of longitudinal viewof the hair bulb in the follicle (150x)
Figure 5.5d Skin appendages: Structure of a hair and hair follicle.
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Figure 5.6 Skin appendages: Structure of a nail.
Lunule Lateralnail fold
Root of nail
Nailmatrix
Proximalnail fold
Eponychium(cuticle)
Free edgeof nail
Bodyof nail
Phalanx (bone of fingertip)Nail bedHyponychium
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Figure 5.7 Skin appendages: Cutaneous glands.
Duct
Eccrinegland
Dermal connectivetissue
Secretory cells
Sweatpore
Photomicrograph of asectioned eccrinegland (140x)
Photomicrograph of asectioned sebaceousgland (90x)
SebaceousglandDermal
connectivetissue
Hair inhair follicle
Sebaceousgland duct
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Figure 5.7a Skin appendages: Cutaneous glands.
Dermalconnectivetissue
Hair inhair follicle
Sebaceousgland duct
Sebaceousgland
Eccrinegland
Photomicrograph of asectioned sebaceousgland (90x)
Secretory cells
Sweatpore
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Figure 5.7b Skin appendages: Cutaneous glands.
Sebaceousgland
Eccrinegland
Sweatpore
Duct
Dermal connectivetissue
Secretory cells
Photomicrograph of asectioned eccrinegland (140x)
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Figure 5.8 Photographs of skin cancers.
Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cellcarcinoma
Melanoma
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Totals
Anterior and posteriorhead and neck, 9%
Anterior and posteriorupper limbs, 18%
Anterior and posteriortrunk, 36%
(Perineum, 1%)
Anterior and posteriorlower limbs, 36%
100%
41/2%
41/2% 41/2%Anteriortrunk,18%
9%9%
Figure 5.9 Estimating the extent and severity of burns using the rule of nines.
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1st-degree burn
2nd-degree burn
Skin bearing partial thicknessburn (1st- and 2nd-degree burns)
Skin bearing full thicknessburn (3rd-degree burn)
3rd-degree burn
Figure 5.10 Partial thickness and full thickness burns.
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System Connections 5.1