© 2012 pearson education, inc. bio 238. © 2012 pearson education, inc. parietal bone (left)...
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© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
BIO 238
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
PARIETALBONE(left)
PARIETALBONE(right)
OCCIPITALBONE
MANDIBLE
TEMPORAL BONE
Sagittal suture
Lambdoidsuture
Squamoussuture
Mastoid processStyloid process
Occipital condyle
External occipitalprotuberance
Posterior view
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PARIETALBONE(left)
PARIETALBONE(right)
Lambdoidsuture
Sagittalsuture
OCCIPITAL BONE
Coronalsuture
FRONTAL BONE
ZYGOMATICBONE
NASAL BONES
Superior view
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TEMPORALBONE
PARIETALBONE
OCCIPITALBONE
FRONTALBONE
Lateral view
Squamous suture
Lambdoid suture
Squamous part oftemporal bone
External acousticmeatus
Mastoid process
Zygomaticarch
Styloid processZygomatic process
of temporal boneTemporal processof zygomatic bone
Coronal suture
SPHENOID
NASAL BONE
LACRIMAL BONE
ETHMOID
MAXILLA
ZYGOMATIC BONE
MANDIBLE
Supra-orbital foramen
Infra-orbital foramen
Mental foramen
Mental protuberance
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Coronal suture
SPHENOID
NASAL BONE
LACRIMAL BONE
ETHMOID
MAXILLA
Supra-orbital foramen
Infra-orbital foramen
Mental foramen
Mental protuberance
ZYGOMATIC BONE
Optic canal
Inferior orbital fissure
Temporal process ofzygomatic bone
Mastoid process oftemporal bone
Middle nasal concha(part of ethmoid)Perpendicular plateof ethmoid Bony nasal
septumVOMER
Superior orbital fissure
PARIETAL BONE
TEMPORAL BONE
PALATINE BONE
INFERIORNASAL CONCHA
MANDIBLE
Anterior view
FRONTAL BONE
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ZYGOMATIC BONE MAXILLA
TEMPORAL BONE
PALATINE BONE
Zygomatic arch
Medial and lateralpterygoid processes
Foramen lacerum
Carotid canal
Mastoid process
Stylomastoid foramen
Occipital condyle
Foramen magnum
VOMER
SPHENOID
OCCIPITAL BONE
FRONTAL BONE
Jugular foramen
Foreman ovale
Styloid processMandibular fossa
Externalacoustic meatus
Lambdoid suture
External occipitalprotuberance
Inferior view
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Foramenmagnum
Carotid canal
Internal occipital crest
FRONTAL BONE
ETHMOID
SPHENOID
TEMPORAL BONE
PARIETAL BONE
OCCIPITAL BONE
Crista galli
Cribriform plate
Sella turcica
Foramen rotundum
Foramen lacerum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Internalacoustic meatus
Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal canal
Superior view of a horizontal section through the skull, showing thefloor of the cranial cavity.
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Occipital bone, inferior view
Externaloccipital
protuberance
Inferiornuchal line
Hypoglossalcanal
Occipitalcondyle
Foramenmagnum
Externaloccipitalcrest
Superiornuchalline
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Superiortemporal line
Inferiortemporal line
Right parietal bone, lateral view
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Superiortemporal line
Supra-orbitalnotch
Supra-orbitalmargin
Frontal squama
Frontal(metopic)suture
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Externalacoustic meatus
Squamouspart
Mandibularfossa
Zygomaticprocess
Styloid processMastoid process
Lateral view of theright temporal bone
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Pterygoidplates
Foramenrotundum
Greaterwing
Orbitalsurface
Superiororbital fissure
Sphenoidalsinus
Lesserwing
Body
Pterygoidprocess
Anterior surface
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Orbitalrim
Infra-orbitalforamen
Alveolarprocess
Anteriornasalspine
An anterolateral view of theright maxilla.
Zygomaticprocess
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Supra-orbital foramen
SPHENOID
NASAL BONE
TEMPORAL BONE
Zygomaticofacialforamen
ZYGOMATIC BONE
Infra-orbital foramen
MAXILLA
Bony nasal septum
Perpendicular plateof ethmoid
VOMER
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Articular surface fortemporomandibular
joint
Head
Mandibularnotch
Coronoid process
Teeth
Alveolar process
Mentalprotuberance
Mental foramen
BodyRamus
Condylar process
Angle
A lateral and slightly superiorview of the mandible
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Greater horn
Lesser horn
Body
An anterior view of the hyoid bone
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*Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
*O-Sternal head: manubrium of sternum ; Clavicular head: medial 1/3 of clavicle
* I- Mastoid process, lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput
*A-Bilaterally--flexion of neck; Unilaterally--lateral flexion of head and neck to same side and rotation of head to opposite side
*N-Spinal accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI)
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Epicranial aponeurosis
Depressor labii inferioris
Orbicularis oris
Mentalis (cut)
Zygomaticus major
Levator anguli oris
Zygomaticus minor
Levator labii superioris
Nasalis
Orbicularis oculi
Procerus
Frontal belly ofoccipitofrontalis
Depressor anguli oris
Omohyoid
Platysma (cut and reflected)Lateral view
Temporoparietalis(cut and reflected)
Temporalis
Occipital belly ofoccipitofrontalis
Masseter
Buccinator
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
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*All do the same basic actions:
*Unilaterally rotates head and neck to opposite
side, with the ribs fixed laterally flex the head
and neck to the same side
*Bilaterally--rasies 1st two ribs during forced
inspiration or head and neck flexion
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*Anterior Scalene*O- Transverse processes of third through 6th cervical vertebrae
* I- First rib
*N- Cervical and brachial plexuses
*Middle Scalene*O- Transverse processes of second through 7th cervical
vertebrae
* I- First rib
*N- Cervical and brachial plexuses
*Posterior Scalenes *O- Transverse processes C5 and C6
* I- Second rib
*N- C6 - C8 Nerves
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Scalenes
Anterior
Middle
Posterior
Anterior view,cervical region
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*Masseter
*O- Zygomatic arch
* I- Angle and ramus of Mandible
*A- Elevate the mandible
*N- Cranial nerve V- Mandibular branch
*Temporalis
*O- Temporal fossa and fascia
* I- Mandible--coronoid process
*A- Elevate and retract the mandible
*N-Temporal branches of cranial nerve V
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Superior temporal line
Temporalis
Capsule oftemporomandibular joint
Zygomaticarch
Masseter
Lateral view. The temporalis muscle passesmedial to the zygomatic arch to insert on thecoronoid process of the mandible. Themasseter inserts on the angle and lateralsurface of the mandible.
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*Suprahyoids* O- Underside of mandible, styloid process* I- Hyoid bone * A- Elevate hyoid and tongue, depress mandible* N- Hypoglossal, mylohyoid, facial
*Digastrics* O- Mastoid process* I- Inferior border of mandible* A- Depresses mandible if hyoid is fixed, elevates the
hyoid if mandible is fixed, retracts the mandible* N- Mylohyoid and facial
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*Infrahyoids
*O- Thyroid cartridge, top of manubrium, superior border of scapula
* I- Hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
*A- Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
*N- Upper Cervical
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Mandible
Mylohyoid
Digastric
Anterior bellyPosterior belly
Sternocleidomastoid (cut)
OmohyoidSuperior belly
Inferior belly
Clavicle
Cut heads ofsternocleidomastoid
Sternum
Anterior view
Sternal headClavicular head
Sternocleidomastoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyroid cartilageof larynx
Thyrohyoid
Hyoid bone
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid(cut andreflected)
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*Platysma
*O-Fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major
* I- Base of Mandible, skin of lower part of face
*A- Assist in depression of the mandible, tighten the fascia of the neck
*N- Cranial nerve VII (Facial nerve)
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Frontal belly ofoccipitofrontalis
Corrugator supercilii
Temporalis (temporoparietalisremoved)
Orbicularis oculi
Nasalis
Zygomaticus minor
Zygomaticus majorOrbicularis oris
RisoriusPlatysma
Mentalis (cut)
Thyroid cartilageof the larynx
Epicranial aponeurosis
Temporoparietalis(cut and reflected)
Temporalis
Procerus
Levator labii superioris
Levator anguli oris
MasseterBuccinator
Depressor anguli orisDepressor labii inferiorisSternal head ofsternocleidomastoidClavicular head ofsternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Clavicle
Platysma(cut andreflected)
Anterior view
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*Frontalis*O- Galea aponeurotica
* I- Skin & fascia of eyebrows
*A- Raises eyebrows and wrinkle forehead
*N- Cranial nerve VII (Facial N.)
*Occipitalis*O- Galea aponeurotica
* I- Superior nuchal line of occipital bone
*A- Anchor and retract the galea posteriorly, Moves scalp
*N-Cranial nerve VII (Facial N.)
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Epicranial aponeurosis
Depressor labii inferioris
Orbicularis oris
Mentalis (cut)
Zygomaticus major
Levator anguli oris
Zygomaticus minor
Levator labii superioris
Nasalis
Orbicularis oculi
Procerus
Frontal belly ofoccipitofrontalis
Depressor anguli oris
Omohyoid
Platysma (cut and reflected)Lateral view
Temporoparietalis(cut and reflected)
Temporalis
Occipital belly ofoccipitofrontalis
Masseter
Buccinator
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
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*Medial Pterygoid
*O-Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
and tuberosity of maxilla
* I- Medial surface of ramus of the Mandible
*A- Bilaterally- Elevates and protract the mandible; Unilaterally-
lateral jaw motion to opposite side
*N-Cranial nerve V (Mandibular)
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*Lateral Pterygoid
*O-Superior head: infratemporal surface and crest of
greater wing of sphenoid bone Inferior head: lateral
surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
* I- Articular disc and capsule of Temporomandibular joint,
neck of mandible
*A- Bilateral--protracts jaw; Unilaterally---lateral jaw motion
to opposite side
*N- Cranial nerve V
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Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Cut edge of mandible
Lateral view, pterygoid musclesexposed. The location and orientation ofthe pterygoid muscles can be seen afterthe overlying muscles, along with a portion of the mandible, are removed.
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*Longus Capitis*O-Transverse processes of C3 through C6
* I- Inferior surface of occiput
*A- Unilaterally: lateral flexion of head and neck to same side; bilaterally: rotate of head and neck
*N- Ventral rami of C1 to C4
*Longus Colli*O- bodies of C5 through T3, transverse processes of C3
through C5
* I- Tubercle on anterior arch of the atlas; bodies of the axis, C3 and C4; transverse processes of C5 and C6
*A-Unilaterally: lateral flexion of head and neck to same side; Bilaterally: rotate of head and neck
*N-ventral rami of C1 to C7
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Intervertebral Muscles,Posterior View
Rotatores Intertransversarii
Spinousprocessofvertebra
Transverseprocess of
vertebra
Interspinales
Posterior view
Spinal FlexorsQuadratus lumborum
Flexors of the AnteriorCervical and ThoracicSpine
Thoracodorsalfascia
Longuscapitis
Longuscolli
Erector Spinae,Deep Layer
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*Temporoparietalis*O- Temporal fascia above ear
* I- Epicranial aponeurosis
*A-Fixes galeal aponeurosis, tightens scalp
*N-Temporal branch of cranial nerve VII
*Procerus*O- Nose
* I- Skin between eyebrows
*A-Wrinkes nose skin
*N-Temporal branch of cranial nerve VII
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*Nasalis*O- Maxilla* I- Nose*A-Dilates nasal openings & compresses nasal
cartilage*N-Cranial nerve VII
*Orbicularis occuli*O- Medial margin of orbit* I- Skin of eyelid*A-Closes eyelid*N-Temporal and zygomatic branches of cranial
nerve VII
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*Zygomatic major*O- Zygomatic bone
* I- Angle of mouth
*A-Retract and elevate corner of mouth
*N-Buccal branch of cranial nerve VII
*Zygomatic minor*O- Zygomatic bone
* I- Upper lip
*A-Retract and elevate corner of mouth
*N-Buccal branch of cranial nerve VII
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*Levator labii superiorus*O- Lower margin of orbit
* I- Orbicularis oris muscle
*A-Elevate upper lip
*N-Buccal branch of cranial nerve VII
*Risorius*O- Fascia around parotid salivary gland
* I- Angle of mouth
*A-Draws corner of mouth to side
*N-Buccal branch of cranial nerve VII
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*Depressor anguli oris*O- Anterior lateral surface of mandible* I- Skin at angle of mouth*A-Draws corner of mouth down*N-Mandibular branch of cranial nerve VII
*Orbicularis Oris*O- Near midline on anterior surface of maxilla
and mandible* I- Skin around lips*A- Narrows orifice of mouth, purses lips and
puckers lip edges*N- Facial Nerve
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*Buccinator
*O- From the alveolar processes of the maxillary bone and mandible, temporomandibular joint
* I- In the fibers of the orbicularis oris
*A- Compresses the cheeks against the teeth and is used in acts such as blowing.
*N- facial nerve (VII cranial nerve)
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Frontal belly ofoccipitofrontalis
Corrugator supercilii
Temporalis (temporoparietalisremoved)
Orbicularis oculi
Nasalis
Zygomaticus minor
Zygomaticus majorOrbicularis oris
RisoriusPlatysma
Mentalis (cut)
Thyroid cartilageof the larynx
Epicranial aponeurosis
Temporoparietalis(cut and reflected)
Temporalis
Procerus
Levator labii superioris
Levator anguli oris
MasseterBuccinator
Depressor anguli orisDepressor labii inferiorisSternal head ofsternocleidomastoidClavicular head ofsternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Clavicle
Platysma(cut andreflected)
Anterior view