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TRANSCRIPT
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.
Contributes to every dimension of wellness.
Defining Psychological Health› Positively (presence of wellness)› Negatively ( absence of sickness)
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Abraham Maslow’s “Toward a Psychology of Being” (1960’s)
Self-Actualization› Positive definition› Ambitious outlook that encourages us to fulfill our own potential.
Hierarchy of needs› Studied very successful people (Self-actualization)
Abraham Lincoln, Henry David Thoreau, Ludwig van Beethoven, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Albert Einstein
› Realism› Acceptance
Self-concept Self-esteem
› Autonomy Inner-directed Other-directed
› Authenticity› Intimacy› Creativity
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Not the same as psychological normality.
Mentally normal simply means being close to average
Psychological diversity› Range of ideas, lifestyles and attitudes
“Mentally ill” versus “Mentally healthy”
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Growing Up Psychologically› Developing Adult identity› Developing Intimacy› Developing Values and Purpose
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Developing a Positive Self-Concept› Begins in childhood› Integration› Stability
Meeting Challenges to Self-Esteem› Challenge is your self-concept
Acknowledge that something has gone wrong› Notice your patterns of thinking› Develop realistic self-talk
Being less defensive Being optimistic
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Maintaining honest communication› Assertiveness training
Dealing with loneliness Dealing with anger Managing your own anger Dealing with anger in other people
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Anxiety Disorders› Simple phobia or Specific phobia
Fear of something definite Most common and most understandable
› Social phobia 15 million Americans Fear of humiliation or embarrassment while
being observed by others› Panic disorders
Sudden unexpected surges in anxiety Rapid and strong heart beat Shortness of breath Loss of physical equilibrium Feeling of losing mental control
Agoraphobia
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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)› Reaction to future threats is to worry › Worries have taken over
Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD)› Obsessions – recurrent, unwanted thoughts› Compulsions – repetitive, difficult-to-resist actions
Post-Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD)› Reaction to a severely traumatic event
Treatment for anxiety disorders› Medication› Psychological interventions
Cognitive-behavioral
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Depression› Demoralization
Feeling of sadness and hopelessness Loss of pleasure Poor appetite Insomnia Restlessness Thoughts of worthlessness Trouble concentrating Thoughts of death or suicide
› Dysthymic disorder Symptoms for longer than 2 years
› Suicide Warning signs Men have a higher incidence than women Treatment
Electroconvulsive therapy Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
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Expressing the ‘wish’ to be dead
Increasing social withdrawal/isolation
Sudden inexplicable lightening of mood
Previous history of attempts
Suicide by a family member or friend
Readily available means of committing suicide
History of substance abuse or eating disorders
Serious medical problems
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Mania and Bipolar Disorder› Gender differences
Equal numbers of men and women suffer, women are nearly twice as likely as men to be clinically depressed
Schizophrenia› Uncertain about what causes it› General characteristics
Disorganized thoughts Inappropriate emotions Delusions Auditory hallucinations Deteriorating social and work function
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Four Different perspectives1. Biological
pharmacological therapy1. Antidepressants2. Mood stabilizers3. Antipsychotics4. Anxiolytics and hypnotics (sleeping pills)5. Stimulants (Ritilin, ADHA)6. Anti-dementia
2. Behavioral Stimulus, response, and reinforcement Practice exposure
3. Cognitive Ideas, attitudes, behaviors and feelings
4. Psychodynamic Thoughts
Evaluation of the models Combining different therapies
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Self Help› Books› Writing a journal› Religious› Social groups
Peer counseling and support groups Professional
› Determine the need › Choosing a mental health professional
Psychiatrists Clinical psychologists Social workers Licensed Counselors Clergy Treatment Team
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