© 2008 the mcgraw-hill companies, inc. instructor name class title, term/semester, year institution...
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© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Instructor nameClass Title, Term/Semester, YearInstitution
Introductory Psychology Concepts
Drug Use
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Drug: Any substance that alters consciousness.
Psychoactive Drugs+ Induce an altered state of consciousness.
+ Affects a person’s emotions perceptions behaviors
Addictive Drugs+ Produce dependence
Biological Psychological
+ Withdrawal leads to a craving for the drug that, in some cases may be nearly irresistible.
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Classifications of Drugs
Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines
Depressants: Alcohol, Barbiturates
Narcotics:Heroin, Morphine
Hallucinogens:Cannabis, LSD
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Classifications of DrugsStimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines Increase neural firing and arouse the nervous system.
Effects• Increased confidence • Mood elevation • Sense of energy and alertness • Decreased appetite • Anxiety • Irritability • Insomnia• Transient drowsiness• Delayed orgasm
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Classifications of DrugsStimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines
Adverse/Overdose Reactions • Elevated blood pressure • Increased body temperature • Face picking • Bizarre and repetitious behavior • Vivid hallucinations • Convulsions • Possible death
Withdrawal Symptoms Apathy General fatigue Prolonged sleep and bizarre dreams Depression and suicidal thoughts Disorientation Agitated motor activity Irritability
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Effects • Reduces anxiety • Impulsiveness• Dramatic mood swings• Bizarre thoughts• Suicidal behavior• Slurred speech • Disorientation• Slowed mental and physical functioning• Limited attention span
Classifications of DrugsDepressants: Alcohol, Barbiturates• Decrease nervous system activity.
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Adverse/Overdose Reactions • Confusion • Decreased response to pain • Shallow respiration • Dilated pupils • Weak and rapid pulse • Coma and possible death
Withdrawal Symptoms • Weakness• Restlessness • Nausea and vomiting • Headaches • Nightmares • Irritability • Depression • Acute anxiety • Hallucinations • Seizures and possible death
Classifications of DrugsDepressants: Alcohol, Barbiturates
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Effects• Anxiety • Pain reduction • Apathy• Euphoria• Difficulty concentrating • Slowed speech • Decreased physical activity • Drooling • Itching • Nausea
Classifications of DrugsNarcotics: Heroin, Morphine
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Adverse/Overdose Reactions • Depressed levels of consciousness • Low blood pressure • Rapid heart rate • Shallow breathing • Convulsions • Coma and possible death
Withdrawal Symptoms • Anxiety and/or panic• Vomiting• Sneezing• Diarrhea • Lower back pain and/or muscle
cramping• Watery eyes, runny nose • Yawning • Irritability • Tremors, chills sweating
Classifications of DrugsNarcotics: Heroin, Morphine
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Withdrawal Symptoms• Hyperactivity• Insomnia • Decreased appetite • Anxiety • Depression • Sleeplessness
Effects • Euphoria• Relaxed inhibitions • Increased appetite • Disorientated behavior
Classifications of DrugsHallucinogens: Cannabis, LSD
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Adverse/Overdose Reactions(LSD)• Nausea and chills • Increased pulse, temperature and blood
pressure • Slow, deep breathing • Loss of appetite • Insomnia • Bizarre, dangerous behavior
Adverse/Overdose Reactions(Cannabis) • Panic• Paranoia • Fatigue • Bizarre and dangerous behavior • Decreased testosterone over
long-term • Immune system effects
Classifications of DrugsHallucinogens: Cannabis, LSD
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Hypnosis:A state of heightened suggestibility in which some people are able to experience imagined situations as if they were real.
Dissociation Theories of Hypnosis• Viewing hypnosis as an altered state involving a division
(dissociation) of consciousness.
Social-Cognitive Theories of Hypnosis• Hypnotic experiences result from expectations of people who are
motivated to take on the role of being hypnotized.
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Drug Use
Methods of Quitting Drugs Twelve Step Programs
Group Meetings Sponsor
Medical Assistance Medication Aversion
Inpatient versus Outpatient Programs Conditioning and Cognitive Intervention
Altering environments reduces exposure to and impact of reinforcers
Awareness of addiction and drugs reduces negative thinking Social Psychological Approach
Interpersonal and intrapersonal dynamics Increase self esteem to enable better choices