© 2007 IBM Corporation

Steve Bowden

Green Computing CTO

IBM Systems & Technology Group

UKISA

Sustainable Computing in a Sustainable Computing in a Carbon Sensitive WorldCarbon Sensitive World

Blue turning Green

2

Is climate change happening and is human activity the cause? This is business sense not politics…

Why do we care?

Do we act?

Is Climate Change Real?

YES NO

YES

OUTCOME

We spent some money, but we’re

alive

OUTCOME

Famine, global depression,

catastrophies, Environ, Health

NO

OUTCOME

The World goes on, but we’ve spent some money,

Global depression

OUTCOME

Phew!

Ack: Wonderingmind42

A Global Economic Bet

3

Data centers are at a tipping point

SOURCE: IDC, ‘Worldwide Server Power and Cooling Expense 2006-2010,’ Document #203598, Sept. 2006

Left unchecked, the cost to power and cool servers in the future may well equal the cost of acquisition.

If IDC 2010 forecast holds, the cost to power and cool servers in the data center will increase by 54%.

IT executives now rank power and cooling in the top 5 among current concerns.

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Installed Base(M Units)

Spending(US$B)

New server spendingServer mgmt and admin costs x4Power and cooling costs x8

05101520253035404550

Today, 50 cents are spent on energy for every dollar of hardware

This is expected to increase by 54% over the next four years

By 2010 Energy = 71% of annum IT spend,

92% of IT Week respondents said IT Director was not liable for the utility bill

Economist – Average energy costs to rise further35% to meet 550 ppb CO2

4

Data Centres

Electrical and building systemsCooling systems

Chiller/Cooling Tower

InformationTechnology

LightingSwitch/Gen

UninterruptiblePowerSupply

Power Distribution

Unit

ComputerRoom Air

Conditioner

Humidifier

Power Use

35%

30

25

20

15

10

5

0% o

f to

tal

dat

a c

ente

r el

ectr

icit

y u

seData Center Energy Efficiency Assessment

Server and storage consolidation and

virtualisationassessments

5

Impact of power and heat on the data center

Source: IBM

Product heat density trend

2008, 50% of today’s data centers will have insufficient power and cooling capacity to meet the demands of high-density equipment

2011, power demand for high-density equipment will level off or decline

2011, in-rack and in-row cooling will be the predominant cooling strategy for high-density equipment

2011, in chassis cooling technologies will be adopted in 15% of servers

Source: Gartner; Meeting the DC power and cooling challenge

6

The Effect of Utilisation

At 20% utilised a server would use 60% of it’s maximum potential power draw

4 x 20% utilised servers = 240% power used

CPU Utilisation %age CPU Utilisation %ageEnergy Usage Energy Usage

At 80% utilised a server would use 75% of it’s maximum potential power draw

1 x 80% utilised = 75% power used

SAVING : 240 – 75 = 165% or 2/3rds

VIRTUALISATION – Allows you to combine those workloads

7

Comparison of typical server utilisation rates and market volumes

UNIX® x86Mainframe

Used

Idle

> 80% 15% - 20% <6%

IDC - UK Server Spend (rolling 12 months)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Eu

ro B

n

Other Netware Unix Windows z&i5/OS Linux

This is why Virtualisation will happen… IDC state that percentage of Virtualised servers sold will Grow from 10% in 2007 to 47% in 2010

8

Storage Power Landscape

Storage Power Consumption/GB

Data Center Storage UsageExternal PB Shipped

Data Center Storage Power Growth

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.6

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: IBM

Source: IBMSource: IDC

Full History Disk Area Density Trend

0.000001

0.00001

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year of Production

Gb

/sq

. in

.

60-100% CAGR

25% CAGR

60-100% CAGR

9

Storage Strategies

Source: IBM

0

5

10

15

20

Idle Spinning Typical R/W Operation

3.5" 15K RPM FC/SAS 3.5" 10K RPM FC/SAS 3.5" 7200 RPM SATA

Wa

tts

Wa

tts

/GB

Speed Kills: Best server class drive in Watts/TB is 7,200 RPM 500 GB drive

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

Idle Spinning Typical R/W Operation

3.5" 15K RPM FC/SAS 3.5" 10K RPM FC/SAS 3.5" 7200 RPM SATA

Wa

tts

/GB

Storage Design StrategiesStorage Design Strategies

VirtualiseVirtualise Tier – Understand your data, what level is appropriateTier – Understand your data, what level is appropriate Balance Disk performance vs. Disk CapacityBalance Disk performance vs. Disk Capacity Number of Spindles/Disks vs. CapacityNumber of Spindles/Disks vs. Capacity When to refresh, when Watt/GB improvesWhen to refresh, when Watt/GB improves

10

IBM’s Data CentersIT Infrastructure Energy Efficiency Strategy

Facility Infrastructure Energy Efficiency Strategy

Centralization

Physical Consolidation

Virtualization

Application Integration

Improved Operations

BestPractices

State-of-the-Art

Consolidate many centers into fewer

Reduce infrastructure complexity

Improve facilities management

Reduce staffing requirements

Improve business resilience (manage fewer things better)

Improve operational costs

Consolidate many servers into fewer on physical resource boundaries

Reduce system management complexity

Reduce physical footprints

Remove physical resource boundaries

Increased hardware utilization

Allocate less than physical boundary

Reduce software licensing costs

Migrate many applications into fewer images

Simplify IT environment Reduction of operations resources Improve application specific monitoring

and tuning

Conservation techniques Infrastructure energy efficiency Improved airflow management

Hot and cold aisles Improved efficiency

transformers, UPS, chillers, fans, and pumps

Free cooling

Integrated power management

Direct liquid cooling

Combined heat and power

11

EEI Green Plan

1. Diagnose : Evaluate existing facilities and energy goals.

Data Center Energy Efficiency AssessmentOptimized airflow assessment for cablingData Center Infrastructure Partner OfferingsZodiac environmental Study Server/Storage Energy Efficiency Power Configurator

Active Energy MgntDC Strategy; Relocation; Specialized ServicesScalable Modular Data CenterEnergy Efficiency Project FinancingBlue Gene – Top 500 winner Green Computing

Cross platform server virtualization (z, i, p, x) Storage virtualization IBM BladeCenter IBM Cell Broadband Engine WebSphere DataPower SOA AppliancesStrategic Architecture,Server,Storage Services

Power Executive softwareTivoli MonitoringUsage and Accounting ManagerEnvironmental compliant /secure disposal

Data Center Stored Cooling Solution Rear Door Heat eXchangerAcoustic DoorVectored Cooling

Green-Plan 5 Steps

IBM Energy Efficiency Initiative

IBM Energy Efficiency Initiative

Green-Plan Offerings _Examples

2. Build: Plan, build or update to an energy efficient data center.

3. Implement: Implement virtualization or new technology

4. Manage & Measure: Use management software.

5. Cool: Exploit liquid cooling in the data center

Project Big Green Progression – The 5 Step plan

12

IT Carbon Footprint UsersGenerating the carbon footprint of IT

IT Carbon Footprint UsersGenerating the carbon footprint of IT

IT Carbon Strategy (As an integral part of the overall IT Strategy)

Directing the carbon footprint of IT driven by business requirements

IT Carbon Strategy (As an integral part of the overall IT Strategy)

Directing the carbon footprint of IT driven by business requirements

IT Carbon Footprint DriversControlling/influencing the carbon footprint of IT

IT Carbon Footprint DriversControlling/influencing the carbon footprint of IT

ITSupply Chain

(IT sourcing, procurement disposal etc)

ITSupply Chain

(IT sourcing, procurement disposal etc)

ApplicationsApplications MiddlewareMiddleware

IT FacilitiesInfrastructure

(Cooling, UPS, etc)

IT FacilitiesInfrastructure

(Cooling, UPS, etc)

Data CentreIT Hardware

(Servers, storage,

network, etc)

Data CentreIT Hardware

(Servers, storage,

network, etc)

Decentralised

IT Hardware(Servers, storage,

network, etc)

Decentralised

IT Hardware(Servers, storage,

network, etc)

DistributedIT Hardware

(PC’s, monitors, printers, copiers

etc)

DistributedIT Hardware

(PC’s, monitors, printers, copiers

etc)

DataData

ITArchitecture & Solution

Design

ITArchitecture & Solution

Design

This diagram focuses on the main IT drivers and users of carbon – if required a more detailed componentlevel breakdown can be created using the IBM Component Business Model for the Business of IT

IT ManagementIT Management

IT ManagementIT Management

House of Carbon IT Room Structure

Customerand product

Supplychain

People

IT Property Information

Strategy

13

Further extend IBM’s early

accomplishments by reducing

CO2 emissions associated with

IBM’s energy use 12% from 2005

to 2012 via energy conservation,

use of renewable energy, and/or

funding CO2 emissions

reductions with Renewable

Energy Certificates or

comparable instruments.

New Goal Announced!

Early Results

40%Between 1990 and 2005, IBM’s global energy conservation actions

reduced or avoided CO2

emissions by an amount

equal to 40% of its 1990

emissions.

600

500

400

300

200

100

02000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Awards & Recognition

Computer Program

CharterMember

1992

Business Environmental Leadership Council Charter Member 2002

CharterMember

2000

WRI Green Power MarketDevelopment Group Charter member 2000

Charter member 2003

Since inception

Environmental Efforts at Big Blue

1605(b) voluntary emissions reporting

since 1995

FORTUNE 500Top 20 2004, 2005, 2006

20052005

The Climate Group2005

USEPAClimate Protection Award1998 and 2006

1998, 1999, 2001

Green Power Purchaser

Award 2006

58%1998 Became the first semi-conductor company to set a numerical target for PFC emissions reduction

Environmental responsibility is a core IBM value

14

Summary

Understand the fundamental rules of Power and Heat Don’t believe the marketing hype

Who are the people that care? Engage them

Utilise IBM’s Skills and years of experience• IBM’s done this