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Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel A “SMART” Solution

Transportation Research Board Committee ADC60

Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure WorkshopRandall J. Essex, P.E., Executive Vice President

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World’s Largest Flood Control Tunnel

Malaysia is one of the world’s fastest-growing economies.

Its capital, Kuala Lumpur (KL), has been the powerhouse of this growth

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But monsoon rains have created severe flooding and devastating destruction for decades

World’s Largest Flood Control Tunnel

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Initial Challenge: Divert the Flooding

Intercept upper river, and convey flows under city to lower river (blue)

During dry periods, use central third of tunnel to convey traffic (red)

Upper River

Lower River

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Discovery Channel Special: “Extreme Engineering”

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Major Hydraulic ComponentsUpstream water diversion structure and holding pond

Inlet structure

North Junction gates

Downstream detention pond

South Junction gates and pump station

Downstream diversion structure

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Physical Hydraulic Features

· Storage, surge shafts, and pumping

Surg

e S

haft

0

10

20

30

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50

-2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

Distance (approx scale)

Level m

datu

m

Upstream Tunnel (Upper Barrel)

DownstreamTunnel (Lower Barrel)

UpstreamHolding Pond

DownstreamStorage

Pond

Upper

Lower

Lower

Tunnel In

let

Ground Levels

N J

unction B

ox

S J

unction B

ox

& P

um

p S

tn

Upstream water gates

Road Gates in branch tunnels to exits

upstream and downstream

Downstreamwater gates

N V

ent S

haft

S V

ent S

haft

Sg

Kla

ng

Sg

Kera

yo

ng

Culvert

Rd Deck

Rd Deck

Ou

tlet culv

ert

and g

ate

s

Tunnel O

utlet G

ate

s

and P

um

p S

tn

TWL

TWL

Min WL

Min WL

Div

ers

ion g

ate

s

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Gatehouses

North Ventilation

Shaft

North Gate House

Lower Deck Road Gate (rising flap)

(Upper Gate Above)

North Junction Box

Surge Shafts above

Plan on Lower Road Deck

To South Junction Box

Road entrance and Exit

Flood Flow

North Ventilation

Shaft

North Gate House

Lower Deck Road Gate (rising flap)

(Upper Gate Above)

North Junction Box

Surge Shafts above

Plan on Lower Road Deck

To South Junction Box

Road entrance and Exit

Flood Flow

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Hydraulic Operation

NO STORM

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Hydraulic Operation

NO STORM

MOST STORMS (7-10/YR)

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Roadway Tunnel Operation

MAJOR STORMS (2 EVERY 5 YRS)

NO STORM

MOST STORMS (7-10/YR)

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World’s First Bored Double-Deck Roadway Tunnel

· 1.9-mile highway tunnel– Upper and lower decks

– 2 x 11 ft lanes

– Emergency lane

· Design speed 40 mph– Indicated speed 35 mph

– 800 ft curve radius

· Headroom 8.2 ft– Cars only

– 10 MW fire load

· Electrical/Systems– full submergence

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Flood water entrance

Video of Tunnel Flooding

Maximum diversion capacity: 280 m3/sec = 4.4 M gals/min)

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Bored Tunnels

· Twin 43 ft diameter TBMs· Pressurized face slurry shields· One-pass bolted and gasketed

segmental lining

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Bored Tunnels

· Twin 43 ft diameter TBMs· Pressurized face slurry shields· One-pass bolted and gasketed

segmental lining

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Bored Tunnels

· Twin 43 ft diameter TBMs· Pressurized face slurry shields· One-pass bolted and gasketed

segmental lining· Mined total of 6.5 miles in two

directions from single slot trench

workers

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Construction

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Construction

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Toll Plaza

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Entrance Ramp

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Lower Roadway Deck

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Upper Roadway Deck

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Exit Ramp

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M2 M3 M2 M3 M2 M3 M2 M3 M2 M3 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

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50

0

50

100

150

200

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Annual events2007 - 2011

Year

Annual eventM2 = invert onlyM3 = Lower deck

Cumulative events

2 2 1

Current Use

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Client Satisfaction

“With SMART under our belt we can be confident that we’ll be ready when a big flood arrives”

Contractor: MMC/ Gamuda JVEngineer: Hatch Mott MacDonald – sub to Gamuda