z/OS Performance Management in the World of Cloud, Mobile and APIs

Glenn Anderson IBM Systems Lab Services

and Training

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Cloud computing is a model for service delivery

Mainframe and public cloud

§What does it mean?– You are choosing to move some/all of your current on premise

mainframe workload to a public cloud service provider. It could also mean new workloads that could have been run on your on premise mainframe will be run by a public cloud service provider instead.

§Why would you do it?– Someone thinks it will save money– Move your workloads off of your own z Systems

mainframe to one owned by a public cloud service provider

– Someone thinks the mainframe is dead

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IBM Cloud Managed Services for z Systems

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§ A securely designed system is provided by isolating clients from each other using z Systems virtualization logical partitioning technology. This cloud infrastructure is housed within security-rich IBM world-class data centers, helping enable customers to avoid capital outlays for hardware and to reduce software expenditures.

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Solution BriefIBM Global Technology Services

Helps reduce costs with IaaS and managed servicesThis platform can help you realize up to 30 percent reduced costs for your System z computing infrastructure and improve your total cost of ownership by up to 20 percent.2 We have built an IaaS environment, hosted in IBM data centers, using advanced virtualization with secured logical partitions (LPARs) to help you reduce capital expenses associated with running your own data center, such as hardware, f loor space, power and cooling costs. Our solution also rationalizes your software port-folio and offers a more predictable consumption-based pricing model with monthly billing to help you manage costs.

Our fully managed services are designed to provide end-to-end management and monitoring leveraging the experience of more than 6,500 mainframe specialists located around the world. We use innovative technologies, time-tested IBM tools and processes as well as automation to help prevent problems before they occur. Relying on our mainframe specialists for service delivery can allow your staff to focus on other areas of innovation.

Disksubsystems

Input/Output

Company A Company B Company C

z/OS

Application

Middleware

z/OS

Memory

LPARsCPU

Application

Middleware

Memory

LPARsCPU

Application

Middleware

Memory

LPARsCPU

z/VM–Linuxz/VM–Linux

Tapesubsystems

IBM globaldelivery team

Figure 1. Highly secure LPARs and storage subsystems provide advanced virtualization in an IBM-managed environment.

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Public cloud concerns…….

Mainframe and private cloud

§What does it mean?– You want to use the mainframe to deliver service to your

enterprise using the characteristics of the public cloud service delivery model. These services could be IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, etc……

§Why would you do it?– To enhance your service delivery to be like public cloud, while

taking advantage of the strengths of the mainframe

– To save money through server consolidation

– Because someone tells you to implement cloud in your current data center

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Cloud Services provided by z Systems

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z/OS z/VM and Linux on zServerServer Server Server

Infrastructure as a Service

Platform as a Service

Software as a Service

Serv

ice

Serv

ice

Serv

ice

Serv

ice

Serv

ice

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WLMParallel SysplexSysplex DistributorMiddleware as a service

PR/SM

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z/OS and cloud characteristics

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z/OS Management Facility (z/OSMF)

Provisioning a Liberty Server (PaaS) on z/OS with z/OSMF

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Cloud provisioning and mgmt for z/OS

14 IBM Cloud Provisioning and Management for z/OS: An Introduction

In cloud environments on distributed servers (or even with Linux on IBM z™ Systems), customers provision a virtual machine with an instance of an operating system to run a single workload. To deploy another workload requires another virtual machine with another instance of the operating system.

However, in the context of z/OS, this methodology can be viewed from a different perspective by running under z/OS. With z/OS, multiple disparate workloads can be run with different service levels for those hosted workloads with isolation or multi-tenancy on the same virtual machine, as shown in Figure 9. (An LPAR that includes z/OS as its operating system can be considered a virtual machine.)

Figure 9 z/OS multi-tenant services

The design of z/OS (in particular the virtualization layers) provides you with the capability to deploy single instances of critical functions, such as security (IBM RACF®) and to control all of the security for multi-tenants from this single instance without compromising the isolation levels of any single tenant. Key address spaces, such as WLM, TCP/IP, JES2, and DFSMS SMF, can run in the same manner; that is, one instance that controls multi-tenants. WLM can prioritize at the tenant level and within the tenant level to provide scalable resource control at multiple levels.

Understanding the termsIt is important to understand the following terms to help clarify how provisioning and management works:

! Resources

The following key resources are featured within the cloud provisioning tasks:

– Domain

Domains define the management scope for tenants, services, and resource pools. A domain consists of a z/OS system or set of z/OS systems in a sysplex. A z/OS system can be in a single domain or in multiple domains that are managed by a single z/OSMF.

LPAR

LPAR

LPAR

LPAR

z/OS

RACFJES

DFSMS TCP/IP WLM

SMF

Automation Scheduling Monitoring

TenantCICSDB2IMS Tenant

WASCICSDB2MQ

TenantCICSDB2MQ

TenantWASDB2MQ

TenantCICSIMSMQ

- Announcement Letter 216-392 on October 4- Automated and repeatable processes to rapidly provision

z/OS software subsystems- Service catalogs, rapid elasticity, instance management

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z/OSMF cloud provisioning marketplace

16 IBM Cloud Provisioning and Management for z/OS: An Introduction

Figure 10 Marketplace instances

2. As an application project leader, you entered the marketplace as a consumer. Your project must add a WebSphere Liberty Server. Assume that a DB2 instance was provisioned. Click the Subscribe option to select the WebSphere Liberty Service, as shown in Figure 10.

3. The Subscribe to Liberty for z/OS window opens and in this scenario for the Tenant, you select the Default option from the drop-down menu and enter Provision WLP in the Subscription details field, as shown in Figure 11. Click OK.

Figure 11 Subscribing to Liberty for z/OS

1. Navigate to Cloud Provisioning then to Marketplace. The Marketplace is displayed.

2. Your project needs a Websphere Liberty Server.Click on the Subscribe option.

1. Selected the default option

2. Enter your subscription details

Mainframe and hybrid cloud

§What does it mean?– You want to combine the strengths of the mainframe with the

benefits of the public cloud service delivery model

§Why would you do it?– Offers a mix of on and off premises – the best of both worlds

– To use public cloud services in a “Fit for Purpose” model that follows the “Systems of Engagement” and “Systems of Record” architecture

– Because it sounds like a cool thing to do

– As a compromise between an all public cloud strategy and your current mainframe-based environment

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z Systems Hybrid Cloud Example

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The mainframe and IBM Bluemix

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What is IBM Bluemix?

z Systems in the Digital Age

z/OS Connect and Mainframe API’s

What is z/OS Connect?

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REST and JSON

IBM z/OS Connect Enterprise Edition V2.0

13 © 2015, IBM Corporation

High-Level Overview of z/OS Connect EE V2.0

Liberty z/OS

z/OS Connect EE V2.0 Server

Backend Systems(CICS, IMS, DB, etc.)

• IBM z/OS 2.1 or higher

• IBM 64-bit SDK for z/OS, Java Technology Edition V7.1.0 or V8.0.0

Eclipse

z/OS Connect EE V2.0 Tooling

• Windows or Linux• IBM CICS Explorer V5.3• IBM IMS Explorer for Development V3.2• IBM Explorer for z/OS Aqua V3.0

Runtime Server• Runs on Liberty z/OS• Hosts APIs you define to run in it• Connects with backend system• Liberty + z/OS Connect = “instance”• You may have multiple instances

Tooling Platform• Integrates with an Eclipse environment• Define APIs• Define data mapping• Deploy APIs to runtime server• Export API archive for other tools to deploy

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Overview of z/OS Connect EE V2.0

Liberty Profile z/OS

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Audit (SMF) Interceptor

The audit interceptor writes SMF 120.11 records with the following information captured:

Liberty Profile z/OS

z/OS Connect

• System Name• Sysplex Name• Jobname• Job Prefix• Address Space Stoken

• Arrival Time• Completion Time• Target URI• Input JSON Length• Response JSON Length• Method Name• Service Name• Userid

Server Identification Section

z/OS Connect User Data Section

The WLM Enclave

Assigning a Service Class to the Enclave

The transaction class name file

What is the WAS for z/OS Liberty profile?

Feature – z/OS Workload Manager

Reporting enhancements for CICS and IMS, and Mobile Workloads

• Mobile Workload Pricing (MWP) is an IBM Software Pricing option, announced in May 2014

• Workload Pricing for Cloud (zWPC) is an IBM Software Pricing option, announced in July 2016

• For eligible software both can reduce the cost of transactions that originate from mobile devices or new public cloud workloads

• Reporting enhancements for CICS, IMS, and Mobile and Cloud Workloads introduce WLM enhancements that can simplify the identifying and reporting of the mobile- or cloud-sourced transactions and their processor consumption

System z mobile pricing model

z/OS &Other

CICS

Other

1,380 MSUs

CICS,z/OS &Other

100

80

Adjusted LPAR peak for month à Pricing & billing BAU based on peak

1,500 MSUs

Measure LPAR peak with standard methodology

1Measure CICS usage in new IBM reporting tool

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Capture CICS transaction details and filter by transaction type, mobile or not

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Subtract 60% of mobile usage: -60% * 2004

Adjust LPAR peak with new reporting tool5

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MobileOther

Mobile200

100

Transactiondefinitions

Mobile Workload Pricing helps alleviate spikes caused by increased mobile usage…

CICSUsage

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WLM Support for Mobile PricingHow are Mobile Workloads identified?

• NEW Via a transaction level Reporting Attribute• Processor consumption data aggregated by WLM• Reporting integrated into standard performance monitors (RMF) and low

volume SMF records• Applicable to wide range of workloads, including enclave work and

CICS/IMS work

Classificationruleswithnewreportingattributes:• NONEfornormaltransactions(default)

• MOBILEformobiletransactions.• CATEGORYA/CATEGORYBforfutureuse.

WLM Policy

WLM Support for Mobile Pricing

• In their WLM classification rules, installations can classify transactions as "mobile"

• The assigned mobile attribute is independent from the assigned service and report class• Eliminates the need for using new dedicated classes for mobile workload

reporting• The mobile attribute is transparent to subsystems• WLM tracks and reports the total and the mobile CPU consumption for all

service and report classes• Eligible exploiters of the WLM Execution Delay Monitoring Services like

CICS or IMS can provide CPU times for all their transactions• As soon as they do, total and mobile CPU consumption data is also

available for CICS and IMS transaction service and report classes that previously did not report any CPU consumption data

• Subsystems using independent enclaves can participate transparently; only the classification rules need to be updated.

• WLM also aggregates and reports the system-wide mobile consumption data

WLM Service Definition Changes:New Reporting Attribute for Classification Rules

Classfication rules panel:

The WLM Administrative Application level changes

from 29 to 30

As soon as transactions are flagged as mobile, the

functionality level of the service definition changes

to 30

Reporting Attribute Mobile – An Example

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• The Reporting Attribute is independent from the assigned service and report class• Example:

• Suppose part of the BANKING transactions flows in from mobile devices• Suppose mobile BANKING transactions flow in via TCP/IP Service TCP001• To differentiate those from „normal“ BANKING transactions, insert a sub-rule• Specify the MOBILE reporting attribute for the sub-rule

# WLM tracks and reports the total and the mobile CPU consumption for the service and report class of the BANKING transactions

New Qualifier Types for CICS and IMS

• The mobile classification can be based on any currently supported work qualifier, plus• Two new qualifiers for CICS:

– Connection Type (CT): The name of the TCP/IP Service that received the request for this transaction

– Transaction Class (TC): The name of the transaction class to which this transaction, or transid belongs

• Two new qualifiers for IMS– Connection Type (CT): The port number of the TCP/IP

Service that received the request for this transaction– Client Transaction Name (CTN): The name of the

Transaction Pipe (TPIPE)• Expected to be used frequently to identify mobile transactions

RMF MWP Support – Overview

WLM tracks and reports the total and the mobile CPU consumption for all service and report classes. RMF retrieves and stores the data into new fields of SMF 72-3 Service/Report Class Period Data Section.

WLM also aggregates and reports the system-wide mobile consumption data. RMF retrieves and stores the data into new fields of SMF 70-1 CPU Control Section

RMF Postprocessor Workload Activity report displays new statistics about total and mobile CPU consumption.

The Workload Activity Spreadsheet of the RMF Spreadsheet Reporter is enabled to visualize the new mobile workload measurements

New Postprocessor overview conditions based on the new fields in SMF 70-1 and 72-3

RMF MWP Support - Postprocessor Workload Activity Report

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W O R K L O A D A C T I V I T Y

z/OS V2R2 SYSPLEX UTCPLXCB DATE 09/28/2015 INTERVAL 01.00.000 MODE = GOAL RPT VERSION V2R2 RMF TIME 14.15.00

REPORT BY: POLICY= BASEPOL WORKLOAD=CICSCPU SERVICE CLASS=CICSLOW RESOURCE GROUP=*NONE PERIOD=1 CRITICAL =NONE

-TRANSACTIONS- TRANS-TIME HHH.MM.SS.TTT

AVG 0.00 ACTUAL 14MPL 0.00 EXECUTION 14ENDED 68875 QUEUED 0END/S 1150.39 R/S AFFIN 0#SWAPS 0 INELIGIBLE 0

EXCTD 58263 CONVERSION 0AVG ENC 0.00 STD DEV 28REM ENC 0.00MS ENC 0.00

TRANSACTION APPL% : TOTAL : CP 58.18 AAP/IIP ON CP 0.00 AAP/IIP 0.00MOBILE : CP 0.00 AAP/IIP ON CP 0.00 AAP/IIP 0.00

New section:Total and Mobile CPU consumption for transactions

Processorconsumptiondatafortransactionservice/report

classes!

MOBILE is subset of TOTAL

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Summary