zooplankton of the big eau pleine reservoir alan buchanan
TRANSCRIPT
Zooplankton of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir
by
Alan Buchanan
Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit
A THESIS
submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree
MASTER OF SCIENCE
College of Natural Resources
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN
Stevens Point, Wisconsin
August 1976
ABSTRACT
Composition, abundance, and distribution of zoo
plankton were determined during September, 1973 to September,
1974 in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, a eutrophic, 2832 ha
(10.93 mi 2 ) fluctuating reservoir in central Wisconsin.
Yearly water level fluctuations of up to 9.6m (31.5 ft.)
occur commonly, and maximum drawdown occurs during winter.
The yearly drawdown appeared to have little affect on the
zooplankton populations because: a) zooplankton species
composition in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir was typical
for lakes of the Great Lakes Region, b) the mean annual
total number of 298 zooplan}:ton per liter and biomass of
362 mg/m3 (13.8 kg/ha) for the ice-free period of September
20 through December 1, 1973 3nd May 13 through September 5,
1974, were high in compariso~ wi~h other bodies of water,
c) the 30-year mean annual flushing rate of 158 days is
considerably greater than that thought to be limiting to
zooplankton, and d) a winter drawdown, as in the Big Eau
Pleine Reservoir, occurs when zooplankton numbers are low
and has less affect than if it occurred during summer,
when zooplankton numbers are high.
The reservoir remained thermally unstratified except
for a brief period during late June and early July. Low
water transparency could probably be attributed to algae
blooms and suspended sediments during summer and suspended
sediments during winter. Dissolved oxygen was minimal
in winter, reaching concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm in
January and February. Of 25 zooplankton taxa in the
reservoir, at least 17 were found at each of 6 sampling
sites. Copepod nauplii, Rotifera, and Chydorus sphaericus
comprised 66 to 75% of zooplankton numbers. As is typical
in other bodies of water, maximum biomass and number per
liter occurred during summer and minima during winter.
The reservoir, probably due to a lack of horizontal and
vertical thermal stratification, had little horizontal or
vertical differences in zooplankton number per liter, and
no significant horizontal differences in zooplankton
biomass.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I express sincere thanks lo the following for support
given during this project. The Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery
Research Unit provided facilities and equipment and the
Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company funded the study and
provided background data. Dr. Gerald Jacobi, my advisor,
supplied advice and direction during the study, and edited
the manuscript. Dr.'s Daniel Coble, Henry Booke, and Ted
Roeder, members of my graduate committee, provided advice
during the study and edited the manuscript. James Selgeby,
Biologist, Ashland Biological Station, provided advice
while the study was being planned, confirmed my zooplank-
ton identifications, and edited the manuscript. Dr. Fred
Hilpert, Associate Director of Instructional Data Proces
sing at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, provided
advice and assistance with the statistics employed in data
analysis. Students of the Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery
Research Unit, expecially Tom Joy and Jerry Kaster, supplied
advice and moral support. Lynette Densch, my significant
other, supplied pertinent suggestions and stuck with me
through it all.
.J..-1.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements••••·••••••·•••••••••••·•••••••••••••• i
List of Tables • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
List of Figures • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
List of Appendices••••••••··•·•·••••··••·•••••••••••••
INTRODUCTION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
MATERIALS AND METHODS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
V
vi
viii
1
5
RESULTS • ••••••••• --.- •- • • •-•............... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9
Water temperature•••••••••••••••·•·••·•••••••••••• 9
Dissolved oxygen•••••••••••••••••·••••·••••••••••• 9
Water transparency•··•••••••·••••••••·•••••••••••• 12
Species composition•••••·••••••·••••··•••••••••·•• 12
Zooplankton numbers•·••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15
Percent composition··•••·•••••••·••••••••••••••••• 18
Daphnia .:2..l?.E.• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19
Ceriodaphnia reticulata •••··•••••••••••••••••••••• 19
Diapryanosoma leuchtenbergianum ···•••••••••••••·••• 19
Bosmina longirostris •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 19
Chydorus sphaericus ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21
Rotifera • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 21
Calanoid copepods •·••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 24
Cyclopoid copepods •·••••••••••••·•••·••·•••••••••• 24
Copepod nauplii •••••••••••••••••••••·••••••••••••• 25
Minor taxa • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Vertical differences • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Horizontal differences ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
25
25
28
iii
Biomass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comparison of the #10 Van Dorn and the #10 oblique Clarke Bumpus.
. . . . . . . .
Comparison of #10 Van Dorn and Van Dorn total • • • • •
Relationships between physical and chemical characteristics and zooplankton numbers.
. . . . . . .
Correlations among numbers of taxa • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
DISCUSSION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Physical and chemical characteristics • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Species composition • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Total numbers • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Annual fluctuafions in zooplankton number • • • • • • • • •
Species percent composition • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Daphnia .2.E.E.• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
28
30
31
32
35
37
37
38
38
39
39
42
Ceriodaphnia reticulata ··•••••·•·••••••••••••••••• 43
Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum ••••••••••••••·•••·• 43
Bosmina longirostris •·••·••••••••••••••••••••••••• 44
Chydorus sphaericus • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Rotifera ···························~·············· Calanoid copepods
Cyclopoid copepods
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
44
45
45
46
Copepod nauplii ••••••••••··••••••••••••••••••••••• 46
Minor taxa • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 47
Vertical differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Horizontal differences • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 49
Biomass • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 49
Comparison of samplers••••••••••••••··•••••••••••• 51
Relationships between physical and chemical characteristics and zooplankton numbers
. . . . . . . 52
iv
CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIST OF REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDICES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
57
59
63
V
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1. Species composition of zooplankton in the •••••• 14 Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
2. The percent more organisms retained by the••••• 33 #200 soil screen (Van Dorn total) than by the #100 soil screen {#10 Van Dorn), based on yearly averages, all depths averaged.
3. Mean monthly and mean annual number per liter •• 40 of zooplankton in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir and other bodies of water.
4. Biomass {mg/m3) in the Big Eau Pleine Reser-••• 50 voir and other bodies of water.
Figure
1.
2.
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, Marathon County, Wisconsin.
• • • • •
Depth of water at Moon Bridge in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir during September, 1973 to September, 1974 (from Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. hydrograph).
• • •
Page
2
3
3. Water temperature in °c in the Big Eau Pleine •• 10 Reservoir at 1m and at the deepest depth sampled.
4. Dissolved oxygen in the Big Eau Pleine Reser- •• 11 voir at 1m and at the deepest depth sampled.
s. Secchi disk readings in the Big Eau Pleine ••••• 13 Reservoir during September, 1973 to Septem-ber, 1974.
6a. Total zooplankton numbers in the Big Eau••••••• 16 Pleine Reservoir at Sites I, II, and III,
6b.
during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
Total zooplankton numbers at Sites IV and V in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
• • • • 17
7. Numbers (Van Dorn total, all depths averaged) •• 20 of Daphnia fil2.E.•, Ceriodaphnia reticulata, and Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
Sa. Numbers (Van Dorn total, all depths averaged) •• 22 of Bosmina longirostris, Chydorus sphaericus, and Rotifera at Sites I, II, and III of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
8b. Numbers (Van Dorn total, all depths averaged) •• 23 of Bosmina longirostris, Chvdorus sohaericus, and Rotifera at Sites IV and V of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
vii
Figure Page
9a. Numbers (Van Dorn total, all depths averaged) •• 26 of Calanoid copepods, Copepod n~uplii, and Cyclopoid copepods at Sites I, II, and III of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
9b. Numbers (Van Dorn total, all depths averaged) •• 27 of Calanoid copepods, Copepod nauplii, and Cyclopoid copepods at Sites IV and V of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
10. Biomass in mg/m3 (log scale), based on #10 ••••• 29 oblique Clarke Bumpus samples, at Sites I through Vin the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the dam, during September, 1?73 to September, 1974.
Appendix
A.
viii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Temperature in °cat Sites I through Vin the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
• • • •
Page
63
B. Dissolved oxygen in ppm, and percent satur- •• 65 ation at Sites I through Vin the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the dam, during August 31, 1973 through Septem-ber 5, 1974.
c. Secchi disk readings in meters at Sites I•••• 68 through Vin the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir,
D.
and at Site VI below the dam, during August 31, 1973 through September 5, 1974.
Monthly mean number per liter (#10 oblique Clarke Bumpus) of zooplankton at Sites I through Vin the Big Eau Ple~ne Reservoir, and at Site VI below the dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
• • • 69
E. Monthly mean number per liter (#10 Van••••••• 75 Dorn) of zooplankton at Sites I through Vin the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
F. Monthly mean number per liter (Van Dorn•••••• 88 total) of zooplankton at Sites I through Vin the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
G. The percent composition of the 9 major taxa •• 101 of zooplankton at Sites I through Vin the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
H. Significance of correlations between physi- •• 102 cal and chemical characteristics and zoo-plankton numbers at Sites I through Vin the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the dam.
INTRODUCTION
Objectives of this study were to measure the composition, abundance,
and distribution of zooplankton in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and to
determine if yearly water level fluctuations influence the zooplankton
populations.
The Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, Lat. 44° 44 1 , Long. 89° 46' (Martin
and Hanson, 1966), is a eutrophic, flow-augmentation reservoir located
in Marathon County. The dam impounding the reservoir is located approxi
mately 8.1 km (5 mi) southwest of Mosinee, Wisconsin. The reservoir
has a maximum depth of 14m (46 ft.) at full pool, and a surface area of
2832 ha (10.93 mi 2 ). It extends 31.4 km {19.5 mi) east from Bradley
Bridge to the Big Eau Pleine Dam (Fig. 1). The Big Eau Pleine River,
the main tributary, has a mean annual flow (49 year mean) (USGS, 1975)
at Stratford Bridge of 4.84 m3 per second (171 cfs). Fenwood Creek and
Freeman Creek, the other major tributaries, have mean annual flows
(mean of 6 dates between October, 1974 and September, 1975) of 1.03 m3
per second (37 cfs) and 0.61 m3 per second (22 cfs), respectively.
Yearly water level fluctuations of up to 9.6m (31.5 ft.) occur comnonly,
and full stage normally occurs from mid-April to early May, after the
spring snow melt, followed by a steady decline in water level from mid
June to late September, after which water level is relatively stable
until early December. A rapid decline in water level in December leads
to the yearly low in late February or early March (Fig. 2).
Average chemical characteristics (based on thrice monthly samples
taken during April, 1974 through September 3, 1975) of the Big Eau Pleine
Reservoir surface waters near the dam were: orthophosphate, 0.052 ppm;
Halder Bridge
Big Ea" Pleine Co"nty Park
, Moon Bridge
1 km
Figure 1: Big Eau Pleine Re·servoir, Marathon County, Wisconsin.
Big
I\.
VI
14
13
12
11 - .. 10
... 9 ._ cu -cu 8 :::e a:: 1
....i:: - 6 CL CD
Q s 4
3
2
1
s
--. ---.-.--
0 N 1973
·· ..
D
··... .. .
..
J
---· . ·-.·
F
--. .
M
.----- --···-·-. ·-...• _______ _ ··-----
A M J J A s 1974
Figure 2. Depth of water at Moon Bridge in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir during September, 1973 to September, 1974(from Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. hydrograph).
nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen, 0.189 ppm; total alkalinity, 32 ppm;
5-day BOD, 3.0 ppm; and ca lei um hardness, 30 ppm (Shaw, 1976, unpub
lished). The Big Eau Pleine Reservoir exhibited phytoplankton blooms
of up to 11,810 cells/ml during the surrrner of 1975 (Shaw, 1976, unpub
lished). At times during the summer dissolved oxygen reached super
saturation, whereas during the winter, low dissolved oxygen was coITTTion,
and several winter fish-kills have been observed (Wisconsin DNR, per
sonal colTITlunication).
..;
Jv'.ATEP.IALS AND METBODS
Zooplankton samples were collected twice monthly from
September, 1973 to September, 1974 at five sites distributed
over the length of the reservoir, and at one site below the
Big Eau Pleine Dam. Sites I through V were 20.9, 12.6, 9.9,
6.1, and 1.1 km, respectively, above the Big Eau Pleine Dam.
Site VI was 0.3 km below the dam (Fig. 1). All sites were
located in the old river channel.
At each site a 12.5 cm diameter Clarke Bumpus sampler
with a number 10 mesh (0.158 mm opening) net was towed
obliquely from bottom to surface. The volume of water that
passed through the sampler for each revolution registered
on the counter was determinec by towing the open sampler,
without a net, for 100m at a speed of 4.5 km/hr, the speed
used in sampling. A 25° angle of the towing cable from
the vertical was maintained to keep the towing speed
constant for all tows. The amount of water contained in a
cylinder 12.5 cm X 100m was divided by the number of revo
lutions registered on the counter.
At each site, duplicate samples combined for each depth
were taken with a 2-liter Van Dorn horizontal water bottle
at 1m, 2.Sm, Sm, and 10m, where depth allowed. These
samples were poured through number 100 (mesh opening=
0.149mm) and number 200 {mesh opening= 0.074mm) soil
screens. The organisms retained by each screen were pre
served and stored. All samples were preserved in 4%
formalin and stained with R0se Bengal's solution. Cnly
Van Dorn samples were taken during months of ice cover.
Additional Van Dorn sarnples were collected at the
same depths, that plankton samples were taken, for deter
mination of dissolved oxygen and te~perature. Water samples
for oxygen determination were drained from the sampler
through a tube to the bottom of a 300 ml BOD bottle that
was allowed to overflow for 30 seconds. I used the Azide
modification of the Winkler method (APHA, 1971) to fix and
titrate the oxygen samples. I inserted a hand mercury
thermometer into the drain of the Van Dorn and allowed
water to run over it for one minute to determine tempera
ture. Water transparency was measured at each site with
a 20 cm diameter Secchi disk.
Clarke Bumpus samples were dil~ted to a known volume
and 1 ml subsamples were taken with a Hensen-Stemple
pipette. Two subsample counts were made for each sample.
If the two counts differed by more than 10% of the smaller
count, a third subsample was counted. The two closest
counts were then recorded if they differed by 10% or less
of the smaller. When all three counts varied widely the
entire sample was re-combined, re-diluted, and subsarnpled
again. Organisms in the Van Dorn samples were counted in
total.
Cladocera were identified and counted to genus, Copepoda
to suborder, and Rotifera to class in a circular counting
wheel (Ward, 1955) at 60 magnifications. Species of
Crustacea in Clarke Bumpus samples in the summer and in Van
Dorn samples in winter w~re keyed out to determine species
composition at each site. Keys used were in Brooks (1957,
1959), Wilson (1959) and Yeatman (1959). Identifications
were confirmed by James Selgeby, Biologist, U.S. Fish &
Wildlife Service, Ashland, Wisconsin, Biological Station.
Duplicate quarters of the Clarke Bumpus oblique
samples were dried at 60°c for 24 hours and weighed to
0 obtain dry weight, ignited at 550 C for 10 hours and re-
weighed to obtain ash-free dry weight. Each sample was
divided into eighths with a folsom plankton splitter.
Randomly chosen subsamples were paired to form duplicate
quarters. Quarters with substantial amounts of phyto
plankton were sieved through three soil screens of increas
ingly finer mesh size (0.250 mm, 0.158 mm, and 0.074 mm)
to remove the phytoplankton. Larger organisms, which
make up the bulk of the zooplankton biom2ss, were retained
by a #60 (mesh opening= 0.250 mm) soil screen and were
used for biomass determination. Smaller organisms, such
as copepod nauplii and rotifers, along with approximately
95% of the phytoplankton, passed through the #60 screen and
w~re not used for biomass determinations. Phytoplankton
retained by the #60 soil screen (approximately 5%) and
included in the biomass determinations perhaps compensated
for the loss of the smaller organisms that passed through
the #60 soil screen.
The relationships between physical and chemical char
acteristics and zooplankton numbers, and the relationships
among species of zooplankton were determined by regression
c1nalysis. A series of J ,_nr ur r('.grc!ssions \•Jere calculated
between 19 variables: depth of water at the dam, Secchi
disk readings, depth of sample, water temperature, dissolved
oxygen, and numbers of Daphn5.a ~-, Cerjodaphnia reticulata,
Dianhanosoma leuchtenbergi2num, Bosmina longirostris,
Macrothrix laticornis, Levdioia quadrangularis, Chydo~~
sphaericus, Lentodora kindtii, calanoid copepods, copepod
nauplii, cyclopoid copepods, Rotifera, Daphnia ephipia, and
Ostracoda.
RESULTS
Water temperature
Surface water temperatures were similar at all sites
0 0 (Fig. 3). Peak temperatures of 25.0 C to 26.5 C occurred
on August 19, 1974 at Sites I and II, and on July 16, 1974
at Sites III through VI, whereas minimum temperatures of
o0 c to 1°c occurred between November 11, 1973 and February
22, 1974 at all sites. The reservoir remained unstrati
fied at all sites throughout most of the year. Tempera
ture stratification occurred at Sites I through IV only on
June 26 and 27, 1974, and at Site Von June 27 to July 16,
1974, and did not occur at Si:e VI at any time during the
year.
Dissolved OXygen
Seasonal trends in dissolved oxygen concentration
were similar at all sites (Fig. 4). Peak oxygen concen
trations of 12.0 ppm (90% saturation) and 15.2 ppm (168%
saturation) occurred on September 7, 1973 at Sites I and
VI, respectively. Peak oxygen concentrations of 12.8 ppm
(147% saturation) to 18.1 ppm (215% saturation) occurred
at Sites II through Von June 26 and 27, 1974. Dissolved
oxygen concentrations at the surface during daytime were
above 5 ppm throughout most of the year. Dissolved oxygen
concentrations reached minima of 2.0 ppm (14% saturation),
0.1 ppm (0.7% saturation), and 1.8 ppm (13% saturation) at
30 20 \ ".----·, 10 "
30
·-•....._
Site I
Site II
Site Ill
Site IY
Site Y
Site YI
s 0 N D J f M A M 1973 1974
J J A s
Figure 3: Water temperature in °c in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir at lm (-.-) and at the deepest depth sampled (----) (2.5m at Site I, Sm at Sites II, III, IV, and VI, and 10m at Site V).
.1 .1
18 Site I
12 ·, • ..-·----. ~-6 ~ "-•- -• 'h~,(~--::-;:::~. ~I ___ ,
. E . Q, . a.
= = • ica >-
. 18 Sire II
12
6 ./·-·
18 Site Ill
12
6 / ........... .
~ 18 Site IV
-: 12 • /~ ► ..-·-----,~·----- /•--,,._~----· ' . 0 ·,,·,,,•--•-------- ' - ... ____ ................ ",.,,.,,,,,, = 6 "· ........ ___ ... - .......... __ •
Q • \--•
18
s 0 N D J F
1973
Site Y
Site VI
M A I 1974
J J A s
Figure 4: Dissolved O>:ygen in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir in 1973 and 1974 at lm (--_) and at the deepest depth iampled {----) (2.5m at Site 1. 5m at Sites 11; III, IV, and VI, and 10m at Site V).
Sites I, II, and III, re~p0ctiv 0 ly, ~n ,, td-January, 1974;
0.8 ppm (6.3% saturation), and 2.0 ppm (13% saturation) at
Sites IV and VI, r~spectively, in mid-February; and 0.3 ppm
(2.1% saturation) at Site Vin early March, 1974.
Stratification of dissolved oxygen was similar at all
sites. In general, the reservoir remained unstratified
from mid-to-late September, 1973 until late May to mid-June,
1974. Oxygen stratification began in mid-June at Site I,
in late May at Sites II through v, and in mid-July at
Site VI.
Water transparency
Water transparency was similar at all sites and was
low throughout the year except for a brief period between
mid-May and early June, 1974 when readings reached 1.2m,
1.9m, 2.0m, 2.1m, 1.9m, and 2.2m at Sites I through VI,
respectively. Low transparency could have been due to
algae and wind-suspended sediments during the summer months,
and to suspended sediments in the winter.
Species composition
Zooplankton found in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir were:
Daphnia pulex Leydig, 1860 emend. Richard, 1896; Q. galeata
Sars, 1864 mendotae Birge, 1918; Q. parvula Fordyce, 1901;
Q• retrocurva Forbes, 1882; D. ambigua Scourfield, 1947;
Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Jurine), 1820; .Q.i_aphanosoma
leuchtenbergianum Fischer, 1850; Leptodora kindtii (Focke),
... "-• -•
== C
..r: -Q.
• Q
3
2
13
Site I
1 ...-·------------.-•--.-·---- -----~-✓-, ~-------· _.,,,,,.,,- ·--·--. -. 3 Site II 2· • 1 - /\
. ___ .--.----·--------•--.-·------------ --·------. 3
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
- -·-• ·-•-•
Site Ill
. ' / . -· '\. ---, ----- •-·--•-----.--•-•------:--· ~ .... _. __ _..., ·-·-· Site IV
Site Y
/""'·-----•--•-•---.--------·-• ............ ----------- ·---.-•...... . . ........ _ __,,,,,-
Site VI
-·---·-·-·-·-----·-·-----.-/\ _____________ _ S I O I N I D I
1973 J I F I I I A I M I J I J I A I s 1
1974
figure 5. Secchi disk readings in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
14
Table 1: Species composition of zooplankton in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
,_ __ ._ ·-·--· ---· -- --
Site Site Site Site Site Site I II III IV V VI
Cladocera
Daphnia 2ule~ + + + + + + Daohnia galeatae mendotae + + + + + + Daphnia parvula + + + + Daphnia retrocurva + + + Daohnia ambigua + Ceriodaphnia reticulate + + + + + + Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianua + + + + + + Leptodora kindtii + + + + + + Bosmina longirostri1 + + + + + + Leydigia guadrangularit +- + + + + + Alona .fil?.• + + + + + + Chy:dorus sphaericu1 + + + + + + Macrothrix laticorni1 + + Camptocercu~ rectirostri1 + Pleuroxus denticulatus +
Copepoda
Diaptomus siciloide1 + + + + + + Diaptomus pallidu1 + + + + + + Qyclops bicusoidatua tho:rnasi + + + + + + Cyclops vernalia + + + + + + MesOCIClOJ2S ~ + + + + + + Eucyclops speratu1 + Eucyclops agilil + + + M3crocyclops albida1 +
Harpactiooida +
Roti!era + + + + + +
Ostracoda + + + + +
Total taxa 25 19 17 17.· 18 17
+ = present.
1844; Bosmina lonoirostris (O. F. Viull,:-~r), 1785; Leydiaia
guadrangularis (Leydig), 1860; Alona Baird, 1850 sp.;
Chydorus sphaericus (O. F. Muller), 1785; Macrothrix
laticornis (Jurine), 1820; Camptocerc~ rectirostris
Schedler, 1862; Pleuroxus denticulatus Birge, 1878;
Diaptomus siciloides Lilljeborg, 1889; £• pallidus Herrick,
1879; Cyclops bicuspicatus thomasi s. A. Forbes, 1882;
c. vernalis Fischer, 1853; Mesocyclops edax (S. A. Forbes),
1891; Eucyclops speratus (Lilljeborg), 1901; f• agilis
(Koch), 1838; Macrocyclops albidus (Jurine), 1820;
Harpacticoid copepods; Rotifera; and Ostracoda (Table 1).
Number of taxa at each site ranged from 25 at Site I
to 17 at Sites III, IV, and VI. T~e taxa found at one
site but not another may have been present but missed in
sampling at sites at which they were not found.
Camptocercus rectirostris, Pleuroxus denticulatus, Daphnia
ambigua, Eucvclops speratus, and Harpacticoid copepods,
found only at Site I, and Macrothrix laticornis, found
only at Sites I and II, were in low numbers, and with the
exception of~- laticornis, were each found in 5 or less
samples. Fifteen of the 25 taxa were found at all sites.
Eucyclops agilis, found only at Sites I, III, and IV, and
Macrocyclops albidus, found only at Site IV, were also
found in few samples.
Zooplankton abundance
Seasonal trends in total abundance of zooplankton were
similar at all sites for the three kinds of samples:
... •
1500
1000
500
100 10
_: 1000 ... • Q, ... u
...Q 500 e :,
:z:
100 10
1000
500
100 10
•. ·· ..
lb
Site I
Site II
. .. ·. · ..
.. ..
. . . . : ~
.
=~:··-.:. . .-·"' ·. .•· ... •····· . -~-.. ··... , .. ,•· -=~ .... /·==------
.• . .. ·.
s
.. •···•·. . ~ -.><: ' • • . ••• , ,' .::~,.,,' ·--• ... ___ ··.. .· , .. ' ... - '""::~I .: ! I'"•• I J. • .. ,.-:,,
0 N 1973
D J
Site Ill
f M A M J J 1974
A s
figure 6a. Total zooplankton numbers in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir at Sites I, II, and III, during September, 1973 to September, 1974. #10 oblique Clarke Bumpus(--), #10 Van Dorn, all depths averaged(----), and Van Dorn total (····). Note different scales for Oto 10, 10 to 100, and over 100.
... • -
100
500
100 10
12S0
- 1000 ... • Q. ... • e S00 =:z
10 10
1000
500
100 10
s 0 N 1973
D
17
Site IV
Site Y
Site VI
J f I
. . . ..
. . . . . . .
: · .
A M J 1974
.·•
J A s
figure 6b. Total zooplankton numbers at Sttes IV and V tn the Btg Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974. #10 oblique Clarke Bumpus(--), #10 Van Dorn, all depths averaged(----), and Van Dorn total, all depths averaged(····}. Note different scales for Oto 10, 10 to 100, and over 100.
18
1) Van Dorn total (in~lurl0s all organisms r~tained by a
#100 plus a #200 soil scr~en) for all cepths averaged, 2)
#10 Van Dorn (includes all organisms retained by a #100
soil screen) for all depths averaged, and 3) #10 oblique
Clarke Bumpus (Fig. 6; Appendices D, E, and F). Number
per liter based on Van Dorn total decreased from between
306 and 1000 in September, 1973 to between 0.25 and 71.8
on January 25 to March 25. Numbers increased in late
April to a mid-to-late May peak of 460 to 1150 organisms
per liter, after which there was a substantial decrease,
followed by a second summer peak in mid-August to early
September of 459 to 1518 organisms per liter.
Percent composition
Copepod nauplii, Rotifera, and Chydorus sphaericus
comprised 66 to 75% of zooplankton numbers at Sites I
through v, whereas copepod nauplii, Rotifera, and cyclo
poid copepods comprised 73% of zooplankton numbers at
Site VI, based on Van Dorn total yearly averages, from
September, 1973 to September, 1974. Nine taxa comprised
99.4 to 99.9% of zooplankton numbers at each site. These
taxa and their percentage of the total were: copepod
nauplii, 22.0 to 34.6%; Rotifera, 19.4 to 31.6%;
£• sphaericus, 9.0 to 19.7%; cyclopoid copepods, 7.3 to
13.4%; Bosmin~ longirostri~, 4.0 to 11.5%; Daphnia E.EE_·,
3.9 to 9.7%; calanoid copepods, 0.7 to 3.8%; Diaphanosoma
leuchtenbergianum, 1.4 to 3.5%; and Ceriodaphnia
reticulata, 0.02 to 1.0%.
J,:::,
Daphnia ~-
The seasonal trend of .!2~:: .. X~l~ni~ ~-, which ranged from
0 to 128/1, was similar at all sites (Fig. 7). All sites
exhibited at least two summer peaks, the first between
May 28 and June 13, of 37 to 128 Daphnia/1, and the last
between July 16 and September 5, of 37 to 101 Daphnia/1.
Few Daphnia ~- were found in winter, and numbers reached
zero per liter at all sites between January 18 and March 25,
1974.
Ceriodaphnia retictilata
Density of Ceriodaohnia reticulata ranged from Oto
34/1, and peak numbers occurred in late summer or fall at
all sites (Fig. 7). c. reticulata were not found in samples
between mid-November, 1973 and late April to mid-July, 1974.
Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum
The seasonal trend of Diaphanosoma leuchtenberaianum,
which ranged from Oto 67/1, was similar at all sites
(Fig. 7). D. leuchtenberaianurn exhibited a single peak in
late August or September at all sites except Site I where
an additional peak occurred in mid-July. Density of
D. leuchtenbergianum was low to nil between mid-November,
1973 and late June to mid-July, 1974.
Bosmina longirostris
Bosmina longirostris ranged from Oto 229/1, and one
to three summer maxima were seen at all sites (Fig. 8).
... • -... • ~ ... cu
..Q
e =-:;z:
'- V
140 Site I
100
60
20 ._._, ......... ........ J
140 Site II
100
60 =,,_. 20 .--•.:. ~
'll'r . ..,.,__ -•---
140 Site Ill
100
60 ',._ ..... . --· 20 . - _·:~·:,~•-•
140 Site IV
100 . 60
. -~ 20 ·=~---•--=~---------
/\/-......_,,-;.:>:::~• :..::..::....:c..::..;:.;..,....__;_-==c=.a-------_....,~~--:. -· - - - .·
140 Site Y
100
60 :.:..:··. . 1·-......... ·, /. 2 0 • -:: :-:-:-•-..._ '-.. /. I • • •
J--L:=.:..!-•:..;:--=.-•.;.1: ~L ........:• =•~=====L.:L;.f,-=--,.__ __ ...:: __ :::::::.._• ___ •....;-:::::• •.:..'.• •..:...••_• •_• --
140
100
60
s 0 N 1973
D J
Site YI
f M A M J J A S 1974
figure 7. Numbers (Van Dorn total, all depths averaged) of Daphnia spp. (--)~ Cerioda hnia reticulata (--~-}, and Diaphanosoma l@uchtenbetgianum ...• ) in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir~ and at Site Vf below the dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974. -
,. J.
.in late May, late Juno, and mLd-Augu,~t, at Sites 111 iind
VI in mid-to-late May 2nd early September, and at Sites IV
and Vin mid-August to early September. A late fall peak
occurred in October or November, 1973 at all sites except
Site IV. Few B. longirostris were found during winter and
B. longirostris reached 0/1 at all sites between February 1
and April 21.
Chydorus sphaericus
Seasonal trends of Chydorus sphaericus, which ranged
from Oto 567/1, were similar at all sites (Fig. 8). One
or two peaks of C. sphaericus were seen .in the summer and
fall at each site. C. sptaericus exhibited a late June
pulse at Sites II through VI, and a larger late August to
late September peak at all sites. Less than 5 c. sphaericus
per liter were found between mid-February and late May, and
£• sphaericus reached 0/1 at all sites between mid-January
and late April.
Rotifera
Density of Rotifera ranged from Oto 731/1 and showed
two to three summer peaks at all sites (Fig. 8). Peaks of
74 to 731/1 in mid-to-late May and of 117 to 308/1 in late
June to mid-July occurred at all sites. A third peak of
Rotifera occurred in late August or early September at
Sites I, V, and VI. Rotifers also exhibited peaks in
abundance in October, 1973 at Site VI, on December 1, 1973
70
600
500
400
300
200
100
10
700 ... 600 • -- 500 ... ~ 400 ... • ..Q
e :::::t
:z:
300
200
100
10
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
.
/\ . ·---. .,.rl,a.._,._ :.••· ·,.!.._. __ . --~-~
. .. ·-:
. ~ . . . ·-. ,,,,,,. --·~-~- ~ .. --• . -:.•.~::.~:~.-.:~-- -
. .
S O N D J 1973
22
Site I
Site II
Site Ill
M
• .
A M J J A S 1974
Figure Sa. Numbers (Van Dorn total, all depths avera9ed) of Bosmina longirostris (---~), Chydorus sphaericus (····), and Rotifera (~) at Sites I, II, and III of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir during Septemoer, 1973 to September, 1974. Note the different scales for Oto 10, 10 to 100, and over 100.
700 Site IV 600
500
400
300
200
100
10
700 Site V ,_ 600 cu - 500 -,_ ., 400 Q,
. . ,_
300 cu -4
E 200 ::t :z::
100
10 ;<".~~\-c:,_,= ----·-.. ,•,. /\-/1\~f ··········--::-.- - - -- ............... __ --· ·- ······:•~·-·····•·
700 Site VI 600
500
400
300
200
100
10
1973 1974
Figure Sb. Numbers (V.an Dorn total, all depths avera9ed} of·Bosmina longi rostri s ·(-~~-}, Chydorus sphaericus t · .. ·), and Rotffera ( __ )·at Sites IV and V of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Sfte VI below the dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974. Note the different scales for Oto 10, 10 to 100, and over 100.
Rt Site II, in late J~nuary, 1974 at Sit~s III and IV, and
in mid-February, 1974 at Site V. Rotifera were absent at
Sites I through IV at some point during winter, but were
never found below 2.5/1 at Sites V and VI.
Calanoid copepods
Numbers of calanoid copepods (adults plus copepodids)
ranged from Oto 37/1, and similar seasonal trends were
seen at all sites (Fig. 9). Numbers decreased during the
fall of 1973 to 0/1 between October, 1973 and mid-March,
1974. Abundance of. calanoid copepods began to increase
again between late April and early June, 1974, and yearly
maxima were attained between mid-June and early September
at all sites.
Cyclopoid copepods
Cyclopoid copepods (adults plus copepodids), which
ranged from Oto 424/1, showed one or two summer peaks at
all sites (Fig. 9). A mid-to-late May peak occurred at all
sites, and a second summer peak was seen at Sites I and IV
in early August. Only at Site I were numbers greater in
August than in May. Slight winter maxima occurred between
mid-January and mid-February at Sites I through V. At
Site VI cyclopoid copepods increased gradually from late
November, 1973 until mid-May, 1974. Abundance of cyclopoid
copepods approached 0/1 at Sites I, II, and III between
January and March, whereas numbers were always greater than
1.0/1 at Sites IV, V, and VI.
Cop0pod nauolii
Numbers of copepod n~uplii ranged from Oto 583/1 and
exhibited similar seasonal trends at all sites (Fig. 9).
Copepod nauplii exhibited two su~mer peaks at all sites,
the first during mid-to-late May, and t~e second between
early August and early September. Copepod nauplii exhibited
winter peaks in February at Sites V and VI. At Sites I
through IV copepod nauplii reached 0/1 between February 1
and March 2, 1974, whereas minima of 0.4/1 at Site V and
6.4/1 at Site VI occurred on February 8, 1974 and November 11,
1973, respectively.
Minor taxa
Leptodora kindtii peaked in mid-to-late June at all
sites except Site V, at which a September peak was indi
cated. Numbers of L. kindtii never exceeded 1.5/1, how
ever. Macrothrix laticornis, Alona sp., Leydigia
quadrangularis, Camptocercus rectirostris, Pleuroxus
denticulatus, Harpacticoida, and Ostracoda were found in
such low numbers or of such spotty occurrence, or both,
that seasonal trends could not be detected (Appendix D).
Vertical differences
There was no significant difference between depths in
number per liter of most zooplankton organisms, based on
Van Dorn total data. Matched-t tests showed no significant
differences at the 95% significance level between total
... CD --... CD a. ... • -4 e :a
z
600
500
400
300
200
100
10
600
500
400
300
200
100
10
600
S00
400
300
200
100
10
s 0 N 1973
D J
26
Site I
Site II
Site Ill
I J 1974
J A s
Figure 9a. Numbers (Yan Dorn total, all depths averaged) of Calanoid copepods (~.,_- .. ), Cope pod naupl ii (_.-}, and Cycl opoid copepods ( •.•• ] at Sites I, II, and III of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir during September, 1973 to September, 1974. Note the different scales for Oto 10, 10 to 100, and over 100.
... CD --,_ CD a.. ,_ • ..a e =-
%
600
500
400
300
200
100
600
500
400 300 200 100
10
600 500
400
300
200
100
10
s
27
0 N D J F 1973
Site IY
Site Y
Site YI
M A M 1974
J J A s
figure 96. Numbers (Van Dorn total, all depths averaged} of Calanoid copepods (---~), Copepod n~uplii ( __ ), and Cyclopoid copepods (····} at Sttes IV and V of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI oelow the· dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974. Note the different scales for Oto 10, 10 to 100, and over 100.
28
r:iumbcr s or numbers of 0ny of ' :-ie r.1aj ;.:,.'.'.' :.:., . xa at 1 and 2. Sm
for Sites II through VI. At -ite I n 1 mrA~-rs of Daph_J]_i_~ SP,R•
and BoEmina l._ongirostris were signif:ica.ntly greater at 1m
than at 2.Sm. There were no significant differences
between total numbers or numbers of any of the major taxa
at 1 and Sm at Sites II, III, and VI, whereas at Sites IV
and V numbers of cyclopoid copepods were significantly
greater at 1 than Sm, and at Site IV numbers of
~• longirostris were significantly greater at 1 than Sm, at
the 9S% significance level.
Horizontal differences
A one-way analysis of variance showe~ no significant
differences in numbers per li~er among sites, based on the
#10 oblique Clarke Bumpus samples. For the Van Dorn total
samples, all depths averaged, there were no significant
differences in number per liter among sites except for
calanoid copepods; there were significantly fewer at
Site I than at Sites II through VI, at the 9S% significance
level.
Biomass
Seasonal trends in biomass (ash-free dry weight),
which ranged from 4 mg/m3 (0.13 kg/ha) to 950 mg/m 3 (34.17
kg/ha), were similar to those of total numbers and similar
at all sites (Fig. 10). A one-way analysis of variance
showed no significant difference in biomass among sites, at
the 95% level of significance. Initial summer peaks of
1000 Site I
100
·-. - 775 Site II
17S Site Ill _/•-...... ............ ____ /·-•, . ...-·"--. ► ... ___ • M 100 .\ & ..._
-=- ·-· e C:
71S ... Site IV ." /"'--. -... 11:1 -·- __,.•--· ·----· e 100 . \_. -~
all
77S Site Y .\ ; ........... /·"-.-----·--100 ---· ·--,. .
715 Sile YI • ✓✓•
·-·--· ·-... ,,,....-----.-·
100 .
........... ..--
S I O I N I D I J I F I M I A I M I J I J I A I S I
1973 1974
ffgure 10: Biomass in mg/m3 (log scale), based on #10 oblfque Clarke Bumpus samples, at Sites I through Vin the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI beJow the dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
3(.J
442 mg/m 3 (19.'.12 kg/ha) to 693 mg/m 3 (30.0 kg/ha) occurred
between late May and
(22.51 kg/ha) to 950
early July, and later peaks of 626 rng/m3
3 rng/rn (34.17 kg/ha) occurred between
August 5 and September S, 1974 at Sites I through v. At
Site VI peaks in biomass of 397 mg/m3 and 543 mg/m3 occurred
on July 2 and September S, respectively. Mean biomass for
September 20 through December 1, 1973 and May 13 through
September S, 1974 ranged from 325.3 mg/m 3 (12.0 kg/ha) to
375 mg/m3 (19.6 kg/ha) at Sites I through V, and was
239 mg/m3 at Site VI.
Comparison of the #10 Van Dorn and the #10 oblique Clarke Bumpus
Seasonal trends in total rr .. unbsrs per liter, when both
samplers were used during ice-free months, were similar at
all sites (Fig.' 6). Except at Site IV, total numbers were
not consistently higher for either the #10 Van Dorn (all
depths averaged) or #10 oblique Clarke Bumpus samples.
At Sites ·V and VI the mid-May #10 Van Dorn peak in numbers
was not duplicated by a #10 Clarke Bumpus peak, because a
mid-May Clarke Bumpus sample was not taken at these Sites
due to equipment malfunction.
In 49 out of 60 two-tailed matched-t tests there were
no significant differences in total numbers or in numbers
of any of the major taxa between #10 Van Dorn (all depths
averaged) and #10 oblique Clarke Bumpus samples. There
were no significant differences, at the 95% or greater
level, between the #10 Van Dorn and the #10 oblique Clarke
31
Bumpus in the :-iurnber I)r->r 1 i i:c·r of D.
~haeri~, or Rotifer-a collected at any of the sites.
Numbers per liter, based on the #10 Van Dorn samples, of
Daohnia ~• at Sites II, III, IV, and VI, of c. reticulata
at Site III, of B. lonairostris at Sites IV and V, of
calanoid copepods at Site V, of cyclopoid copepods at
Site VI, and of total numbers at Site IV were significantly
higher, at the 95% or greater level, than numbers per
liter of the same organisms based on the #10 oblique
Clarke Bumpus samples. Numbers per liter of copepod
nauplii based on #10 oblique Clarke Bu□pus samples were
significantly greater, at the 95% level, than number per
liter of the sa□e based on the #10 Van Dorn samples.
Comparison of #10 Van Dorn and Van Dorn total
Seasonal trends in total numbers per liter based on
#10 Van Dorn and Van Dorn total were similar at all sites
(Fig. 6). Small organisms, such as c. sphaericus, copepod
nauplii, and Rotifera, and those with narrow bodies, such
as cyclopoid copepods, were retained in significantly
greater numbers, based on two-tailed matched-t tests, by
the #200 soil screen (Van Dorn total) than by the #100
soil screen (#10 Van Dorn). Organisms with larger bodies
or large antennae, or both, such as calanoid copepods,
Daphnia spo., D. leuchtenberaianum, a~d c. reticulata,
passed through the mesh openings of the #100 soil screen
less easily. Number per liter, based on Van Dorn total,
of copepod nauplii, •JC1c,r,o:irl copc-pc,ds, f.;utifr-:-ra, ,:1nd t~otal
numbers at all sites, of~. ,:"o_:)f_l_~5 __ricus at Sites II through
VI, of calanoid copepods at Sites II, IV, ~nd v, of
B. longirostris at Sit~s I, II, III, and VI, and of Daohnia
spp. at Sites III, V, and VI were significantly greater, at
the 95% or greater level, than numbers of the same based on
#10 Van Dorn samples. There were no significant differences,
at the 95% level, between the #10 Van Dorn and Van Dorn total,
in the number per liter of Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum
or£• reticulata at any of the sites.
The #200 soil screen (Van Dorn total) retained between
13.8 and 1467.0% more of the small organisms (C. sphaericus,
copepod nauplii, and Rotifera), and 8.1 to 28.0% more cyclo
poid copepods than did the #100 so~l screen (#10 Van Dorn)
at all sites (Table 2).
Relationships between physical and chemical characteristics and zooplankton numbers
Numbers of most zooplankton taxa were not significantly
correlated with water temperature at more than three of the
six sites (Appendix H). Only depth of water at the dam,
total numbers, and number per liter of Daphnia fil?.E.•,
Q• leuchtenbergianum, copepod nauplii, and calanoid copepods
were significantly correlated with water temperature at more
than half of the six sites. Depth of water at the dam, total
numbers, and number per liter of Daphnia .§.££• were signifi
cantly positively correlated, at the 95% or greater level,
with water temperature at all sites. Also, number per liter
.:S.:S
Table 2: The percent more organisms retained by the #200 soil screen (Van Dorn total) than by the #100 soil screen (#10 Van Dorn), based on yearly averages, all depths averaged.
Site I Site II Site III Site IV Site V Site VI
Daphni~ spp. 0.7 1.7
Q. reticulata 5.4 o.o
:Q. leuchtenbergianum 0.4 0.4
1!• long1rostr1s . 1 o. 5 .3. 6
M. laticornis* .3.3.3 o.o
1• guadrangularis* .350.0 800.0
Q. sphaericu; .30. 5 .34- 7
~. kindtii * O. O o. 0
Calanoid copepods 2.9 2.7
Copepod nauplii
C7clopoid copepods
Rotifera
Ostracoda*
Total numbers
845.1 11.3.3. 5
28.0 '26.1
489.8 Z72.4
600.0 o.o
108.2 121.2
0.1
5.8
0.2
0.7
o.o
o.o
22.s
o.o
1.2
998.8
1.3.1
495.9
o.o
•·=minor taxa, occurring in small numbers. Inf.= infinity.
o.o
o.o
o.o
o.o
Inf.
105.9
0.9
o.o
o.o
5.8
o.o
o.o
13.8
o.o
0.7
0.9
o.o
o.o
o.o
o.o
20.6
o.o
o.o
10.6 s.1
285.0 556.3
100.9 133.2
of copepod nauplii at Sites I, II, III, IV, and VI, and
number per liter of calan0id c0pepods ~t Sites I, II, IV,
v, and VI, were significantly positively correlated, at the
95% or greater level, with water temperature.
As with water temperature, numbers of most zooplankton
taxa were not significantly correlated with depth of water
at the dam at more than half of the six sites (Appendix H).
Variables that were positively correlated, at the 95% or
greater significance level, with depth of water at the dam
were water temperature and number per liter of Daphnia .§.PE.•
at all sites, water transparency and number per liter of
copepod nauplii at Sites II through VI, and dissolved oxygen
at Sites II through v. For variables that were cor~elated with both water
t~mperature and depth of water at the dam, partial correla
tion analyses were made to determine which factor, water
temperature or depth of water at the dam, was more important.
These analyses indicated that numbers of Daphnia ~- at
all sites, numbers of calanoid copepods at Sites I, II, IV,
and VI, and numbers of copepod nauplii at Sites I, II, IV,
and VI were really correlated with water temperature and
not depth of water at the dam. Numbers of copepod nauplii
at Site III, and dissolved oxygen at Sites II through V, on
the other hand, were more closely correlated with depth of
water at the dam than with water temperature.
Only numbers of a few zooplankton taxa were correlated
with water transparency at a majority of the sites (Appendix H).
Cyclopoid copepods w~re significantly positively correlated,
at the 95% or greater level, with water transparency at
Sites II through VI, whereas numbers of D. leuchtenbergian~
at all sites, and numbers of£• sphaericus at Sites I, II,
III, IV, and VI were significantly negatively correlated,
at the 95% or greater level, with water transparency.
No zooplankton taxa was significantly correlated at a
majority of sites with either dissolved oxygen or depth of
sample.
Correlations among numbers of taxa
Most significant correlations among numbers of
various taxa occurred at three or less of the six sites
(Appendix H). Considering only correlations among taxa
that were significant at four or more of the six sites, .···\i
·· numbers of Daphnia .2.E.£• were significantly positively
correlated, at the 95% or grea·ter level, with numbers of
!2.• leuchtenbergianum and B. longirostris at Sites I, IV, V,
and VI, and with numbers of copepod nauplii at Sites I
through IV. Numbers of Ceriodaphnia reticulata were signi-
ficantly positively correlated, at the 99% level, with
numbers of Chydorus sphaericus at Sites I through v.
Numbers of !2.• leuchtenbergianum were significantly posi-
tively correlated, at the 95% or greater level, with numbers
of£• sphaericus and~- longirostris at Sites II through VI.
Numbers of~- longirostris were also significantly posi
tively correlated, at the 95% or greater level, with numbers
of£• sphaericus at Sites II through VI. Numbers of copepod
36
nauplii were signific~ntly positively correlated, at the
95% or greater level, with cyclopoid copepods at Sites I
through V.
37
DISCUSSION
Physical and chemical characteristics
The absence of thermal stratification in the Big Eau
Pleine Reservoir can be attributed to the effects of wind
in a shallow basin and probably somewhat to the loss of
water from the hypolimnion during the summer. Benson and
Cowell (1968) found a lack of thermal stratification in
Lewis and Clarke Lake, a shallow, fluctuating, Missouri
River Reservoir. Hanebrink (1965) stated that removal of
water from below the thermocline may cause a reduction or
total loss of the hypolimnion and thermocline, and thus a
loss of stratification.
Due to the eutrophic nature of the Big Eau Pleine
Reservoir (Shaw, 1976, unpublished), a reduction in dis
solved oxygen in the deeper water would be expected. The
oxygen stratification found during the summer of 1974
would probably have been more pronounced if the reservoir
had been thermally stratified.
The low water transparency in the reservoir may be
partly due to the drawdown. Axelson (1961) stated that
one of the effects of reservoir drawdown is the stirring
up and suspension of sediments, especially by ice during
low water.
.Spccie_.s composition
All species found in the Big E~u Pleine Res~rvoir are
common to other bodies of water of the Great Lakes area
(Brooks, 1957, 1959; Marsh, 1929, 1933; Wilson, 1959;
and Yeatman, 1959); ther~fore, the species composition of
the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir appears to have been little
affected by the drawdown. The relatively homogeneous
horizontal nature of species composition in the Big Eau
Pleine Reservoir may be due to the homothermous condition
of the reservoir, and to a lack of rooted aquatic plants
throughout most of the reservoir.
Several organisms that are generally associated with
aquatic plants were found only at Site I. Approximately
200m upstream from Site I was a shallow bay containing
rooted macrophytes. Camptocercus rectirostris and
Pleuroxus denticulatus, found only at Site I, and Macrothrix
laticornis, found only at Sites I and II, are littoral or
benthic.in nature, or both, and are generally associated
with aquatic plants (Yeatman, 1956; Keen, 1973; Applegate
and Mullan, 1967).
Total numbers
The annual mean number (Van Dorn total, all depths and
Sites I through V averaged) of 298 zooplankton per liter in
the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir ranked 4th in a comparison
with the average density in 22 other bodies of water (Table
3). Mean annual total zooplankton numbers in the other 22
39
bodies of water ranged frcD 4.5/1 in Lake Superior (Selgeby,
1975) to 1436/1 in Gaynor Lake, Colorado (Pennak, 1949).
Mean annual total zooplankton number in eutrophic Lake Erie
was 61.4/1 (Watson and Carpenter, 1974).
Annual fluctuations in zooplankton number
The annual fluctuation in total numbers of zooplankton
in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir was similar to that in
other bodies of water. As in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir,
zooplankton numbers reached maxima in the summer in Lakes
Erie and Ontario (Watson and Carpenter, 1974), Bull.Shoals
Reservoir (Applegate and Mullan, 1967), and Lake Superior
(Selgeby, 1975). Soap Lake and Lake Lenore, Washington
(Anderson et. al., 1955), and Fayetteville Green Lake in
New York (Culver and Brunskill, 1969) exhibited two summer
peaks in total numbers, as did the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
As in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, zooplankton numbers
reached minima during winter in Lake Superior (Selgeby, 1975),
Lakes Erie and Ontario (Watson and Carpenter, 1974), Soap
Lake and Lake Lenore (Anderson et. al., 1955), and
Fayetteville Green Lake (Culver and Brunskill, 1969).
Species percent composition
As in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, Rotifera and copepod
nauplii, and, less commonly, Chydorus sphaericus, have been
found to comprise a substantial portion of total zooplankton
numbers in many other bodies of water. Rotifers were the
Table 3: Mean monthly and mean annual number per liter of zooplankton in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir and other bodies of water.
Net Y!'llrly Body o! Wilter Size Jan. P'eb. Mar. Apr. Mily June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Reference
Big Eau ~leine Reservoir 10 30.9 25.0 6.7 2.4 281.7 134.0 127.0 268.0 384.0 270.0 43.4 48.7 145.0 Present study, Site,- I - v. 20. 32 km 20 105.0 40.0 ll.6 10.6 694.0 ~64.0 ,14'.'.0 598.0 607.0 363.0 79.0 112.0 298.0 All depths av·eruced.
Dea,·er R~scrvoir 10 4.0 3.2 22.6 16.0 11.3 0.8 14.!il 27.8 '26.9 27.0 12.2 16.6 Applegate and Mullan, 1967 114.2 km
null Sho~ls Rcnervoir 10 7.7 15.5 20.8 23.5 17.6 6.5 10-l.O km
2.4 2.s 4.9 7.8 15.6 Applegate and Mullan, 1967
LP-wis ang Clnrke Lake 26.t 14.6 10.2 1G.2 ~0.8 33.5 6.6 2.6 2.4 3.0 22.0 71. 5 20,8 Benson and Cowell, 1Q68 l_}0.0 km"
Keystone Hcservoir 106.7 186.7 623.7 135.0 123.3 125.0 12.3 04. 3 41.3 54.3 31. 7. 41.7 130.5 J<och~lek rt. al., 1971
Lake Oilhe 2 20 43.9 137, 9 92. 4 44.6 23.9 23.7 61.1 Selgeby, 1974 1 ~21. 4f, km
Lake Fo2t Smith 25 9.0 10.s 3.0 19.0 14.3 22.2 14.2 53.2 116.5 51.3 10.5 32.0 35.0 Hoffman -,t. al., 1!152 2.13 km
Turkeyfoot Lake 912. 7 292.0 296.7 1207.0 1555.0 279.5 1031.5 411. 3 422.0 449.(1 373.0 700.0 644.1 Y..rnatz • 1941
Horse tooth Resl'!rvoir 6.0 11.0 16.0 41.0 129.0 85.0 139.0 94.0 94.0 12.0 40.0 8.0 54.1 Rec:d and Oli"c, 1956
Pymatun1ng R,:,s.,rvoir 17 292.0 llorccky, 1956
Gaynor ~ake 20 143G.O P~nnak, 1949 0 9 k:n
Baselin! Reservoir 20 582.0 Pannu.k, 1949 3 km
Table (continued) : Mean monthly and mean annual number per liter of zooplankton in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir and other bodies of water.
Nat Yrarly Body of Water S1:r.e Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Play June July Aug. Setpt. ~I:. Nnv. Dec. Meun lleference
Hayden•~ Lake 20 274.0 r~1_,nek., 19-19 0.15 km
Kossler2Lake 20 52.0 rennak, 1949 0.05 km
Lake St. 2Cla1re 20 28G.O Leach, 1973 1 110 lcm
Fayetteville Green Lake 20 23.S 42.9 56.6 73.8 46.1 161.0 52.8 132, 3 68.0 35.2 69.2 Culver 11.nd t\runsk:111, 196~
Lake Rathbun 58.2 30.8 1.0 1.e 10.e Mi».yhew, 1"75 Uncuhli ~:hr·d
..:, Lal:e Lr2ore 16.0 a.o o.o 6.0 120.0 90.0 245.0 97.0 98.5 29.0 43.5 12,5 64.4 /\nderson et. al., 19SS I--s.~6 1:n·
Soi>ip Lii~e 1.0 2.0 o.o 6.0 75.0 12.s 35.3 24.5 27.5 13.0 9.0 1.0 17.2 Ander!ion et. al., 1955 J.36 l:m
Lake Er1c2 25 12. 5 16.2 204.0 142.3 72.1 46.9 18.7 25.0 14.8 61.4 Wataon nnd Ciirpenter, 1974 25 021 k,.
Lar.e 0nt11~io 25 1.3 2.1 2.0 8.2 46.6 7.3 27.6 54.7 35.1 42.4 t'S.6 6.) 16. 7 Watson and Car;,cntec, 1'>7-: 19.0'l9 l:m
Lol::c l'uro, 25 2.) 2.2 4.3 10.0 '13.5 20.8 11.0 8.8 9.2 Watson and Cacpc-nter, 1971 S9.S70 b,,
LAka Supesior 10 2.9 2.4 1.s 1.4 1.4 3.2 15.S 11.) 4.6 2.9 2.8 4.5 Selgeby, 1975 b 7 km
42
most c:o:nmon zooplc1nkL0rs in Vr:.:ystoni::c Fc:::ervoir, Oklahoma
(Kochsiek et. al., 1971), in Lewis and Clarke Lake, South
Dakota (Siebrass, 1961), and in Lake St. Claire, Ontario,
where they comprised 46% of lotal numbers (Leach, 1973).
In Lake Oahe copepod nauplii comprised about 55%, cyclopoid
copepods 22%, calanoid copepods 8%, and cladocerans about
15% of Crustacean numbers (Selgeby, 1974). Rada (1970)
found that Daphnia ~• and copepod nauplii comprised more
than 95% of the zooplankton standing crop in Big Bend
Reservoir, South Dakota. In Great Slave Lake copepod
nauplii comprised nearly 50% of the Entomostraca counts
(Rawson, 1956).
Chydorus sphaericus, found in densities of up to 567/1
in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, was present in high numbers
in at least one other study. In Pymatuning Reservoir,
Pennsylvania, C. sphaericus was present in substantial
numbers throughout the year, and numbered as high as
several thousand per liter in July or August (Borecky, 1956).
Keen (1973) stated that Chydorids such as c. sphaericus
are typically littoral and associated with plants, but
this was not the case in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
paphnia .2.E.E.•
The seasonal pattern of summer peaks in numbers of
Daphnia .21?.E.• in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir was similar to
that found by other authors. In Pymatuning Reservoir,
Borecky (1956) reported maxima of several hundred Daphnia
spp./1 in June and late August or early September. Selgeby
( 1968) reported rr.axirnum numbers of Da.:::;r ni_a pulcx in e>arly
su1Timer and Daoh~ia aaleata ~-g_~tae in late sumr..er in Lake
Francis Case. Daphnia ~- numbers peaked in June of 1966,
June and July of 1967, and during June through August of
1968 in Big Bend Reservoir (Rada, 1970).
Ce~iodaphnia reticulata
As in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, Ceriodaphnia
reticulata often was present only in low numbers in other
bodies of water and exhibited highest numbers during the
summer. Applegate and Mullan (1967) found that Ceriodaphnia
.2.E.E.• peaked at 9.2/1 in August, 1965 in Beaver Reservoir,
and at 0.7/1 in June, 1965 and 2.4/1 in June, 1966 in Bull
Shoals Reservoir. In Pymatuning Reservoir, Borecky (1956)
found c. reticulata few in number until July when it
increased to an August maximum of several hundred per liter.
Wells (1960) found Ceriodaphnia .§.£• in low numbers in
summer and fall samples in Lake Michigan.
Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum
As in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, Diaphanosoma
leuchtenbergianum exhibited sumMer or fall peaks in other
bodies of water. £· leuchtenbergianum numbers peaked at
8.7/1 in mid-August in Beaver Reservoir and at 0.5/1 in
mid-June in Bull Shoals Reservoir (Applegate and Mullan,
1967). In Lake Fort Smith, Arkansas,£. leuchtenbergianum
was present only during October when it exhibited a peak
of 6/1 (Hoffman and Causey, 1952). Pennak (1949) found
44
1:hAt D. J.euchte:nberaia_~ was cc:-:-imon in Allen, B2seline,
Beasley, and Boulder Lakes, Colorado, and that maximum
numbers occurred in August and September.
Bosmina longirostris
McNaught (1975) classified~- longirostri~ as a late
eutrophy organism. Pennak (1949) stated that~• longirostris
is usually considered a spring and early summer form.
Bosmina longirostris showed summer peaks in numbers
in other reservoirs as it did in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
B. longirostris peaked in mid-May at 1000 or more p~r liter
in Pymatuning Reservoir, and exhibited a smaller second
peak in mid-July (Borecky, 1956). Selgeby (1975) found
peak numbers of~• longirostris in late July, but none
during winter samples in Lake Superior. In Lake Ontario,
where it was the dominant cladoceran, ~• longirostris
exhibited peak numbers during late August (McNaught, 1975).
Chydorus sphaericus
Keen (1973) stated that Chydorids are principally lit
toral. Vallentyne (1974) classified£• sphaericus as an
indicator of extreme eutrophy.
Chydorus sphaericus occurred in peak numbers during
summer in many bodies of water, including the Big Eau Pleine
Reservoi•r. Borecky ( 1956) found £• sphaer icus in large
numbers throughout the year in Pymatuning Reservoir, with
a maximum in July or August of up to several thousand per
liter. In Georgian Bay, Ontario, which is not eutrophic,
45
Carter (1971) found c • .:~:acFicus to be sc,nce except in
late summer and early fall. In Lake St. Claire
c. sphaericu! was most abundant during June (Leach, 1973).
c. sphaericus exhibited peak numbers in March or April and
during the fall in Lawrence Lake, Michigan (Keen, 1973).
Rotifera
Numbers of Rotifera generally exhibit one or two peaks
per year in most bodies of water, as in the Big Eau Pleine
Reservoir, with at least one of the peaks during the summer.
Benson and Cowell (1968) reported maximum numbers of rotifers
in June and minimum numbers in November in Lewis and Clarke
Lake. Rotifer numbers peaked in June ~nd August in Lake
St. Claire (Leach, 1973), in May and August in Horsetooth
Reservoir (Reed and Olive, 1956), and in September in Lake
Fort Smith (Hoffman and Causey, 1952).
Calanoid copepods
As in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, peak numbers of
calanoid copepods occurred during the summer in other
bodies of water. Calanoid copepod numbers peaked in April
and October, 1965 in Beaver Reservoir, and in May of 1965
and 1966 in Bull Shoals Reservoir (Applegate and Mullan,
1967)~ In Lake Francis Case Diaptomus numbers reached
maximum numbers in mid-June (Benson and Cowell, 1968). In
Lake Fort Smith Diaptomus pallidus was present throughout
the year and exhibited pulses in September through December
(Hoffman and Causey, 1952). Rada (1968) reported that the
standing crop of ~J:cm1:s wns low i..n c,,:;_rly spring, peaked
in June, and decreased the rest of the ~ampling year
except in August in Big Bend Reservojr. Di.apto~ exhibited
peaks in late July, late August, and possibly late September
in Great Slave Lake (Rawson, 1956).
Cyclopoid copepods
Seasonal trends in cyclopoid copepod numbers in the
Big Eau Pleine Reservoir were similar to trends in other
bodies of water. Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi was present
throughout the year in 7 Colorado lakes and exhibited
spring peaks in numbers in 4 of them (Pennak, 1949).
Selgeby (1968) found that£•£• thomasi and Mesocyclops
edax reached maxima during early summer in Lake Francis Case.
Cyclopoid copepod numbers peaked in late August in Lake
Superior (Selgeby, 1975). In Georgian Bay, Ontario cyclo
poid copepods peaked in late July to early August and in
December; Cyclops vernalis and~- edax reached maxima in
late summer or autumn, whereas£•£• thomasi was abundant
all summer and in December (Carter, 1971). In Lake st.
Claire cyclopoid copepod numbers peaked in July (Leach,
1973). Rada (1970) found Cyclops to exhibit peak numbers
in July and October in Big Bend Reservoir.
Copepod nauplii
As in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, maxima of copepod
nauplii occurred during summer or fall in other bodies of
water. Cyclopoid nauplii were most abundant from June
through Septemb~r and c.l(]rJin in early Dr~cr,~,bc,r in Gt?or,Jian
Bay (Carter, 1971). Copepod ~auplii were present throughout
the year in Lake Fort Smith, and exhjbitert peaks in S0ptember
and October (Hoffman and Causey, 1952). In Great Slave lake
copepod nauplii made up nearly 50% of the Entomostraca
counts, and had a single main peak in mid-July (Rawson,
1956).
Minor taxa
Macrothrix laticornis, Alona §.E.•, Leydigia quadrangularis,
Camptocercus rectir·ostris, Pleuroxus denticulatus, and
Leptodora kindtii, found in low numbers in the Big Eau
Pleine Reservoir, were also found in low numbers in other
studies. In 340 lakes and ponds in the Canadian Rockies,
Alona El?.E.• were uncommon, Macrocyclops §.E.• tended to be
infrequent, and Pleuroxus .§12£• occurred infrequently and
at low densities (Anderson, 1974). Pleuroxus denticulatus
and Macrocyclops albidus were found in small numbers in
Woods Reservoir and were associated with vegetation (Yeatman,
1956). Selgeby (1974) found Leydigia guadragularis in low
numbers in Lake Oahe. Macrocyclops albidus and §_ucyclops
agilis were present only in small numbers when they occurred
in the Waterton Lakes in Alberta, Canada (Anderson and
Green, 1975). Applegate and Mullan (1967) stated that
Alona, Leydigia, Pleuroxus, and Camptocercus are genera
generally associated with littoral waters, and this may
explain their low numbers in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir,
48
where only channel stcttions were cho~~n, and where the
littoral zone is reduced by low transparency. Hall (1964)
found peak numbers of Lc~Dl.odora kindl ii of only 0.15/1 in
Base Line Lake.
Vertical differences
Difference in numbers at various depths is quite
common in other bodies of water, especially in those that
show strong thermal stratification during summer. More
than 50% of the plankton in Great Slave Lake was found in
the upper 25m (Rawson, 1956). Benson and Cowell (1968)
found Daphnia _rn. and calanoid copepods in the greatest
density near the surface in Lake Fr2ncis Case. Den'gina
(1967) attributed higher zooplankton concentrations in the
upper 10 to 25m in Lake Ladoga, USSR, to stratification,
with zooplankton development in the hypolimnion limited by
low temperatures.
Benson and Cowell (1968) found no significant differ
ences in total numbers of zooplankton among depths in
thermally unstratified Lewis and Clarke Lake. In Base Line
Lake under homothermous conditions nearly equal densities
of Daphnia were found from surface to bottom, but after
stratification the majority of Daphnia .§.EE.• were found in
the epilimnion and thermocline (Hall, 1964).
Horizontal differences
Whereas in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir there were
usually no significant differences in numbers among sites,
in many other bodies of water, especially larger, deeper
bodies of water, horizontal differences in numbers are
common. In Lake Oahe mean crustacean density generally
increased from the lower end of the reservoir, near the dam,
to the upper end of the reservoir (Selgeby, 1974); clado
cerans were most abundant in the upstream portion, and
copepods in the downstream portion of the reservoir.
McNaught (1975) found that cladocerans were most abundant
close to shore, whereas the copepods preferred deeper
waters in Lake Ontario. The upstream stations in Big Bend
Reservoir had relatively low standing crops when compared
to the three deeper downstream stations (Rada, 1970). In
Lake Francis Case calanoid copepods were relatively more
abundant upstream than downstream (Selgeby, 1968).
Kochsiek ·et. al. (1971) found rotifers to be more numerous
in the upstream portion of Keystone Reservoir than in the
downstream portion.
Biomass
Zooplankton biomass (ash-free dry weight) in the Big
Eau Pleine Reservoir was high when compared to that of other
bodies of water (Table 4). The mean biomass (#10 oblique
Clarke Bumpus, Sites I through V averaged) in the Big Eau
Pleine Reservoir from September 20 through December 1, 1973
3 and from May 13 through Septembers, 1974 was 362 mg/m
,le 4: Biomass (mg/m3 ) in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir and other bodies of water.
Body of Water
Eau Pleine Reservoir
rer Reservoir
. Shoals Reservoir
•on Ferry Reservoir
Erie
Ontario
Huron
Superior
Lake
t Bear Lake
t Slave Lake
deer Lake
arte
Net Area Size
28.32 k:m2 10
114.2 Ian2 10
184.0 km2 10
25 1 821 km2
2 19,099 km
2 591 570 Ian
2 82,367 km
2 0.10 lan
2 3 1153 km
2 22,500 lan
2 51 569 km
2 1,707 km
20
25
25
25
10
20
20
20
20
20
Period Sampled
May - Dec.
Fab. - Dec.
Jan. - Nov.
Sept. - Oct.
A_pr. - Dec.
Jan. - Dec.
Apr. - Dec.
Jan. - Dec.
July
July or August
July or Aur,ust
July or Aua,ust
July or August
Biomass for Period
3 362 mg/m
3 33.4 mg/m 3 2n.2 mg/m
377.0
171.2
3 mg/m 3 mg/m
3 67.7 me/m 3
75.5 me/m
3 18.6 mn/m
3 67.4 mg/m
3 13.0 mg/m
3 7 - 70 mg/m
3 57.0 mg/m
3 76.0 mg/m
Type of Biomass
Ash-free dry wt.
. Dry wt.
Dry wt.
Dry wt.
Ash-free dry wt.
Ash-free dry wt.
Ash-free dry wt.
Ash-free dry wt.
Ory wt.
Wet wt.
Het wt.
Wet wt.
Wet wt.
Reference
Present study
Appleeate and Hullan, 1967
Applccate ancl Hullan, 1967
Wright, 1958
Watson and Carpenter, 1974
Watson and Carpenter, 1974
Watson and Carpenter, 1974
Selgeby, 1975
Olsen et. al., 19 6 7
Patalas, 1975
Patalas, 1975
Patalas1 1975
Patalas, 1975
(13.8 kg/ria). Lc1kcs Erj~ 2nd ll1Jron had biomaf,S (,,sh-free
dry weight) fficans of 171 mg/m 3 and 75.5 mg/m 3 , respectively,
for a comparable period (Watson and Carpenter, 1974).
Oligotrophic Lake Superior had a mean annual biomass (ash
free dry weight) of only 18.6 mg/m 3 (Selgeby, 1975).
As in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, peak zooplankton
biomass occurred during the summer in other bodies of water.
Maxima in biomass occurred in mid-July in Lake Ontario, in
early June in Lake Erie, and in late July in Lake Huron
(Watson and Carpenter, 1974). Applegate and Mullan (1967)
found maximum zooplankton biomass in June in Beaver Reser
voir, and in May in Bull Shoals Reservoir.
Comparison of samplers
Results of this study indicate that similar estimates
of zooplankton numbers could be obtained from either the
Van Dorn or Clarke Bumpus as the sole sampling device.
There were no significant differences in numbers per liter
in 49 of the 60 comparisons between the #10 Van Dorn and
the #10 oblique Clarke Bumpus, and number per liter based
on these two samplers showed similar trends when both
samplers were used during the ice-free months. Except for
Daphnia fil2.P.• which were collected in significantly greater
numbers by the #10 Van Dorn than by the #10 oblique Clarke
Bumpus at 4 sites, no zooplankter was collected in signi
ficantly greater numbers by either the #10 Van Dorn or
#10 oblique Clarke Bumpus at more than two sites.
F<elationships b(:twc.en physical 2nd chcr~,i_cal characteristics and zoo pl an}: ton numbr~r s
As in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, numbers of zoo
plankton have been found to be positively correlated with
water temperature in several other studies (Berg, 1974;
Hazelwood and Parker, 1961; June, 1974; Mayhew, 1975;
Patalas, 1975; Rawson, 1956). In the present study, total
numbers and numbers of Daphnia .§12£•, Diaphanosoma
leuchtenbergianum, copepod nauplii, and calanoid copepods
were significantly positively correlated with water tempera
ture at a majority of the sites.
The significant positive correlation between depth of
water at the dam and water te·,;:,erature a:: all sites in the
Big Eau Pleine Reservoir prob2tly was not due to a cause
and effect relationship between these two factors, but to
coincidental seasonal variations of water level and tempera
ture (i.e. high water and temperature in summer and low
water and temperature in winter).
The yearly drawdown in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir
appeared to have little effect on the zooplankton popula
tions. The effect that reservoir drawdown has on zoo
plankton populations depends on 1) the flushing rate or
replacement quotient of the lake or reservoir, and 2) the
time of the year that the reservoir is drawn down. The Big
Eau Pleine Reservoir had a 30-year mean annual flushing
rate of 158 days (Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co.,
personal communication), which is well above the flushing
rate of 15 to 18 days considsind limiting to plankton by
Johnson (1964) and Brook and Woodward (1956). A winter
drawdown, as found in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, appears
to have less effect on zooplankton than a drawdown during
the warm summer months (Axelson, 1961).
Several authors have reported a positive relationship
between flushing time and zooplankton abundance. Johnson
(1964) found that the shorter the time required for com
plete flushing in Babine Lake, western Canada, the lower
the mean standing crop of zooplankton. He found the rela
tionship to be non-1inear, and the effect on zooplankton
standing crop was much greater when the flushing rate was
less than 15 days than when it was longer. Brook and
Woodward (1956) reported a stable, year-round plankton
population in Loch Kinardochy, Scotland, which had a flush
ing rate always greater than 70 days, whereas in Lochan an
Diam, which had a flushing time of always less than 31 days,
the plankton population was present for only a short period
during the year. In Lochan an Diam zooplankton appeared
only when the flushing rate was more than 18 days. Siebrass
(1961) attributed a low mean number of net plankton per
liter in Lewis and Clarke Lake to its low retention time
of 8 to 10 days.
A winter drawdown appears to have less effect on zoo
plankton than a drawdown during the warm summer months.
Axelson (1961) stated that a high rate of discharge during
the growth period, especially in July and August, causes a
decrease in the zooplc,nkton, •,,.;hereos the lowering of a 1 ake
in winter does not affect the zooplankton to any great
extent. In Lake Oahe, when the discharge rate was abruptly
increased in July, 1969, there was a reduction in zooplank
ton at the downstream stations (June, 1974). Rodhe (1964)
stated that the regulation routine ordinarily used in Lake
Ransaren, Sweden (i.e. retention from spring to late summer,
and discharge in winter), would be more favorable to plankton
than the natural rhythm of water replacement (i.e. highest
discharge in spring and summer).
The low dissolved oxygen concentrations, which ·occurred
in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir during January and February,
could have had adverse effects on at least the Daphnia .§l?.12.•
and Diaptomus §1?...2.• populations. Although dissolved oxygen
was not significantly correlated with numbers of any organ
isms at more than 3 sites in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir,
other authors have found zooplankton-oxygen relationships.
Fast (1971) found that zopplankton can be limited to shallow
depths by hypolimnion stagnation and thermal stratification.
In Kepple Lake, Washington, density of Daphnia and Diaptomus
was positively correlated with dissolved oxygen (Hazelwood
and Parker, 1961).
The positive correlation of dissolved oxygen at Sites
II through V with depth of water at the dam suggests that
reservoir drawdown results in a reduction of dissolved
oxygen, but this relationship has not been reported else
where. Low dissolved oxygen during the winter in the Big
Eau Pleine Reservoir is probably due to a combination of
the low di~,solvf'."d oxygr-n in ·,i,;'lr_.,i-.:1.ng ,.-.,,::.' .. rrs (Sh,-1w, pPrsor1al
communication) and a r~ductjon in pholosynthesis caused by
reduced light penetration due to snow cover. Other con
tributing factors are the upt~ke of oxygen by the sediments
from a much reduced volume of water, high BOD (Shaw, 1976),
and respiration by organisms.
The effects of water transparency and turbidity on
zooplankton seem inconsistent in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir
and in other bodies of water. In the Big Eau Pleine
Reservoir numbers of cyclopoid copepods at Sites II through
VI were positively correlated with water transparency,
whereas numbers of Chydorus sohaericus at Sites I, II, III,
IV and VI, and of Diaphanosoma leuchtenberaianum at all
sites were negatively correlated with water transparency.
Taylor (1968) stated that both nutrient depletion and auto
shading (due to silting) will cause a decrease in the phyto
plankton standing crop and possibly a decrease in zoo
plankton populations in late June and early July. In Lake
Oahe, June (1974) found a significant negative correlation
between zooplankton abundance and turbidity. On the other
hand, in Keystone Reservoir zooplankton species diversity
was positively correlated with turbidity at a majority of
sites (Kochsiek et. al., 1971).
CONCLllSIONS
1) Zooplankton specic-s composilion in the Big Eau Pleine
Reservoir was typical for lakes of the Great Lakes
Region, and, therefore, did not appear to be adversely
affected by the water level fluctuations.
2) No adverse effects of the water level fluctuations on
zooplankton number per liter and biomass were observed
in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir. Number per liter and
biomass of zooplankton was high in comparison with
those in most other bodies of water.
3) The reservoir, probably d~e tc a lack of horizontal and
vertical thermal stratification, had little horizontal
or vertical differences in zooplankton number per liter,
and no significant horizontal differences in zooplankton
biomass.
4) Zooplankton number per liter and biomass had summer maxi
ma and winter minima in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, as
is common in other bodies of water.
5) The yearly drawdown appeared to have little affect on
the zooplankton populations because: a) the 30-year
mean annual flushing rate of 158 days is considerably
greater than that thought to be limiting to zooplankton
by Johnson (1964) and Brook and Woodward (1956), and
b) a winter drawdown, as in the Big Eau Pleine
Res<::rvoir, occurs when zcr0 pla1--,l:tc,n L'Jf!::j(:rs are low, and
has less affect than if it occurred during summer when
zooplankton numbers ar~ h.igh.
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719 - 727.
Brook, A. J. and w. B. Woodward. 1956. Some observations on the effects of water inflow and outflow on the plankton of small lakes. J. Anim. Ecol. 25(1): 22 -35.
Brooks, J. L. Daphnia.
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59
Carter, J. c. H. 1971. Distribution 2nd abundance of planktonic Crustacea in ponds near Georgian Bay (Ontario, Canada) in relation to hJdrography ~nd water chemistry. Arch. Hydrobiol. 68(2): 204 - ?31.
Culver, D. A. and G. J. Brunskill. 1969. Fayetteville Green Lake, New York. v. Studies of primary production and zooplankton in a meromictic marl lake. Limnol. Oceanogr. 14(6): 862 - 873.
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Hanebrink, E. L. 1965. Summer 1net plankton in Sardis Reservoir, Mississippi. Southwest Naturalist 10(4): 261 - 277.
Hazelwood, D. H. and R. A. Parker. 1961. Population dynamics of some freshwater zooplankton. Ecology 42(2): 266 - 274.
Herbert, M. R. 1954. The tolerance of oxygen pe{tciency in the water by certain Cladocera. Memorie 1 ital. Sarobiol., 8: 99 - 107. as cited by Hutchinson, G. E. 1967.
Hoffman, c. E. and D. Causey. 1952. Limnological studies in Arkansas. 1. Physico-chemical and net plankton studies of Lake Fort Smith in its fourth year of impoundment. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 5: 55 - 72.
Hutchinson, G. E. 1967. A treatise on limnology, Vol. II. Introduction to lake biology and the limnoplankton. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 1115p.
Johnson, w. E. 1964. Quantitative aspects of the pelagic entomostracan zooplankton of a multibasin lake system over a 6-year period. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 15: 727 - 734.
June, F. c. 1974. Ecological changes during the transitional years of final filling and full impoundment (1966 - 70) of Lake Oahe, an upper Missouri River storage reservoir. u. s. Fish and Wldl. Service Tech. Paper No. 71. 57p.
bO
Keen, R. 1973. A probabilistic approach to the dynamics of natural populations of the Chydoridae (Cladocera, Crustacea). Ecology 54(3): 524 - 534.
Kochsiek, K. A., J. L. Wilhm, and R. Morrison. 1971. Species diversity of net zooplankton and physiochemical conditions in Keystone Reservoir, Oklahoma. Ecology 52(6): 1119 - 1125.
Kraatz, w. c. 1941. Quantitative plankton studies of Turkeyfoot Lake, near Akron, Ohio. Ohio J. Sci. 41(1): 1 - 22.
Leach, J. L. 1973. Seasonal distribution, composition and abundance of zoo€~ankton in Ontario waters of Lake st. Clair. Proc. 16 Conf. Great Lakes Res. pp. 54 - 64.
Marsh, c. D. 1929. Distribution and key of the North American copepods of the genus Diaptomus, with the description of a new species. Proc. u. s. Natl. Museum 75(14): 1 - 21.
Marsh, c. D. 1933. Synopsis of the calanoid crustaceans, exclusive of the Diaptomidae, found in fresh and brackish waters, chiefly of North America. Proc. u. s. Natl. Museum 82(18): 1 - 58.
Martin, R. o. R. and R. L. Hanson. 1966. Reservoirs in the United States. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper 1838, 114 PP•
Mayhew, J. 1975. 0-age fish production at Lake Rathbun: Abundance, distribution and utilization of planktonic fish food organisms. Iowa Cons. Comm. Fish. Sec. Federal aid to fish restoration Ann. Rep. Man-made lakes fisheries invest. Proj. no. F-88-R-2. pp. 47 -60.
McNaught, D. c. 1975. Zooplankton production in Lake Ontario as influenced by environmental perturbations. EPA-660/3-75-021. Ecol. Res. Series. Natl. Env. Res. Cntr. U.S. EPA.
Olsen, s., D. Chakravarti, and P.R. Olson. 1967. Water, bottom deposits, and zooplankton of Fern Lake, Washington. Limnol. Oceanogr. 12(3): 392 - 404.
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Dl
Rada, R. G. 1970. Distribution and abundance of zooplankton and phytoplankton in Biq Cend and Oahe Reservoirs of the Missouri River. M.S. Thesis, U. South Dakota. 90 pp.
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Water 569 pp.
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Yeatman, H. C. 1956. Plankton studies on Woods Reservoir, Tennessee. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 31(1): 32 - 53.
Yeatman, H. C. 1959. Cyclopoida. pp. 795 - 815. In W. T. Edroondson (ed.). Ward and Whipple's Fresh-Water Biology, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
APPENDIX A
Temperature in OC at Sites I through Vin the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VJ.. below the Big Eau Pleine dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
n P· n n n ~ r:-- n I"\ p R ~ ~ 'it- 'it. r:-- r:-- °' °' p r:-- r:-- n r:-- "" ~ ~ -!.. "' °' ~ ... ... °' ~ r:-- °' ~ °' r:-- ~ ~ ?.' ~ ... ... ~ ... ~ ... ... °' °' "' ~ 0 ~
... ... .... ;; ... - c.: N N
"' ... c.: .,; ... - -0 ~ ..: .; "' ... - .,; "' ~ ..; N N ... ... .... N ...
,.; ..; ..; ~
..; ..; ..; ..; .; .; .; .; .,; .,; .0 .,; k 0, 0, 0, ~ ~ ~ :, Q) .. Q) .,,
8 8 8 0 0 ol ol • ., ., .. z'! ..: Ill Ill Ill Ill :z: :z: :z: :z: ... ... la, la, la, .. Site I
1.0m 25,0 21.0 1J,5 16,0 8,5 J.O 1,0 1.0 1,0 1,0 0,0 1,0 2,5m
Site II
1.0m 25,5 19.0 1J,O 16.0 2,0 2,0 o.o 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 2,.5111 2.5.0 19,.5 12 • .5 1.5.0 2,0 o.o .-5,0111 I..
Site III
1,0m 2.5.0 19,.5 1:,.0 1.5,0 J.O 1,0 o.o 1,0 1,0 1.0 1,0 1,0 2,.5111 2.5.0 20.0 lJ,0 1.5.0 1,0 o.o .5,0m 22.0 14,0
Sih IV
1,0111 24.0 21,0 !J,.5 15,0 4,0 1,0 o.o 1, 0 1,0 1.0 1,0 2,5m 2J,5 21,0 1),.5 1 .5,0 1,0 0,0 J.O 5,0m 21.0 21,0 lJ,.5 15,0 1,0 o.o
Site V
1,0111 2:,.0 21,5 1.5.0 15. 0 10 • .5 4,0 2,0 0,0 2,0 1,0 1,0 1.0 1,0 2,5m 2J,O 21.0 15.0 15,0 10,.5 2.0 1,0 2,0 1,0 1,0 2,0 2.0 5,0111 22.0 21.0 15,0 15,0 10,5 2,0 o.o
10, Ota
Site VI
1. Otll 24,0 21,0 16,0 16,0 10,0 0,0 J,O J,5 1,0 2,.5111 2:,.5 20.5 15,5 15,0 9,5 J,O J,O 2,0 5,0m 2J,5 20,0 15,0 14,0 9,.5 J.O J,O J,O
APPEl-JDr.,<: A· continued
Temperatuz:e in °c at Sites I through Vin the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the Big Fau Pleine dam, during September, 1973 to September, 1974.
it it ~ it it it F-- it it it ~ it "' f.. it it it it it ... "' ;!;' "' ;!;' ;!;' ;!;' "' "' ;!;' "' ... "' ;!;' "' °' ~· "' ... "' "' ... ... .,j ... ... ~· ... ... ... ... "" ... ·
"' .,j r.: "' ~ .,j r.: c-i .,j
"' fD ~ 0 "' ... N ~ ... ... N N ... ... ("'\
.c ... ... .; ~ .; ., ., ., ., ., ... ... ,i, .;, ,i,
~ ... ... ... 3 C C § § ~ ~ ~ l>t
l ~ ii! l i:! :, :, :, ~
:, ~
., -< .., ..., ..., ..., .., .., ..,
◄ ◄ Ill
Site I
1.0111 ?,O 11.0 18,0 19, 5 2J,5 25,0 22,5 26,5 21.0 2 • .s,,i ?,0 11.0 1?,5 18.o 20,0 25,0 21.5 23.5 20.5
Site II
1,0m 11,0 1?,0 20.0 2J,.5 25,0 21.5 2.5,.5 20 • .5 2,.5111 11,0 1?.0 20,0 22,0 25,0 22,0 24.0 20,0 5,0111 11,0 14,5 19 ,0 17,5 2J,0 21..5 2J.O 20,0
Site III
1,0111 8,0 11,0 16,0 20,0 2),.5 25.0 21.5 22,.5 18,5 2,5111 11.0 16.0 19,.5 ;;>0,.5 25,0 21..5 22.5 18,0 5,0m 11.0 14,5 19,0 17,.5 2J,.5 21..5 22.0 18,0
Site IT
I ,Om 6,5 11,0 16.5 19,.5 25,0 26,0 22.0 2J,O 21,.5 2.~m 6,5 11.0 15.5 19,5 22,0 25.0 22,0 2),0 21.5 5.om 6.0 11,0 15,0 19,0 18,.5 2'1.0 21 • .5 22,.5 21.0
Site V
1,0111 1,0 11,0 15 • .5 19,.5 22.0 22,0 26.0 2J.O 24,0 18,.5 2,.5111 1,0 11.0 15.5 19.0 20.5 22.0 25,0 22.0 24,0 19,0 5.0m 2,0 11,0 15,0 18,.5 18,0 21.0 24,0 22,0 2J,O 18,.5
10,0111 11.0 14,.5 18,0 1?,0 1?,.5 18,.5 21 • .5 21 • .5 18,0
Site VI
1,0111 J.O 12,0 18,0 19,.5 2L5 25.0 2J,O 24,0 21,.5 2.5 .. J.O 11.0 18.0 19.0 21.0 21~ • .5 22.0 2),5 21,.5 5,0m J,O 11.0 18.0 19,0 21,0 24,0 21.5 22,0 21,0
APPENDIX B
Dissolved oxygen in ppm, and percent saturation (in parentheses) at Sites I through Vin the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, arrl at Site VI below the Big Eau Pleine dam, during August 31, 1973 through September 5, 1974.
Depth in M~era,
Date
Sit.a I
1.0 2 • .5
Aug, Jl, 197J 7,4
Sept, 7, l9?J
Sept, 20, l97J
Sept., 2), l97J
(.52)
12,0 (90)
10,0 (1)5)
Oct, 5, l97J 11.6 ( 116)
Oct, 21, 197) 10,8
Oct, 27, 197)
Hov, 16, 197J
Ho-,, 22, 197)
Dec. 1, 197)
(92)
2,0 (14)
Feb, 1, 19-;-. 7,7 (54)
Site ll 1,0 2 • .5 .5.0
4,4 2.6 (48) (Jl)
6.9 6,6 (66} (61)
8.J 7,8 (84} (77)
8.9 8,9 (64} (64}
12.5 12,J (85} (84}
0, 1 (0, 7)
7,1 (50)
Site III Site IV Site V
1.0 2,.5 .5.0 1.0 2 • .5 .5.0 1,0 2,.5 5,0 10,0
5.4 ),4 (.59) ()6)
7,2 4,6 ),0 (81) (.52) ()4)
9,4 7,0 4,5 (106) (79) (.50}
9°,6 7,8 6,9 (9.5) (77) (69)
9,5 B.9 9,2 8,7 8,9 (90) (85) (88) (BJ) (86)
8,4 7,8 7,J 8.2 7,7 7,0 8,2 7,8 7,4 (BJ) (77) (71} (81) (76) (?O) (81) (77) (-;-.)
8,7 8.4 (61) (.58)
12,0 11,2 (82) (76)
1.8 ( 1))
),8 (27)
8.2 8.0 7,8 (,..) (72) (70)
(~~J 8,1 7,9 8.6 8.6 8.6 J<') (57) (55) {62) (62) (62)
11,4 11,2 10,4 12.~ 12.2 11,9 (78) (76) (71) (85) (84) (80}
8,6 6.2 (60) (46)
7,8 6.4 (56) (46)
1.5 2,0 ( 11} ( 14)
2.6 (29)
4,5 (4.5}
Site VI 1.0 2,.5 5,0
11.5 10.5 10,0 {1J7) (124) (118)
15.2 12.2 10,0 (168) (1J6) (110)
9,$ 9,J 0.5 (96) (93) (84}
8,J 6.9 J.6 (84) (69) (J5)
8. 7 7,6 7,2 (77) (67) (6J)
9,9 9,7 9,7 (-;-.) (72) (72)
a u
APPENDIX B continued
Dissolved oxygen in ppm, and percent saturation (in parentheses) at Sites I through V in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the Big Eau Pleine dam, during August 31, 1973 through' September S,'1974.
Depth Site I Site II Site III Site IV Site V Site VI in meters: 1.0 2.5 1.0 2.5 5.0 1.0 2.5 5.0 1.0 2.5 5.0 1.0 2.5 5.0 10.0 1.0 2.5 5.0
Date
Feb. a, 1974 6.5 4.9 2.9 3.7 2.0 0.7 (46) (34) (20) (26) (14) (4.9)
Feb. 15, 1974 5.7 3.4 2.9 0.8 0.9 0.4 2.3 2.2 2.0 (40) (24) (20) (5.6) (6.3) (2.8) (16) (16) (15)
Feb. 22, 1974 5.5 3.3 (38) (23)
Mar. 2, 1974 6.0 3.8 2.5 1.3 0.5 0.3 (42) (27) {17) (9.1) (3.5) (2.1)
Mar. 16, 1974 9.5 8.3 8.2 (71) (61) (61)
Apr. 13, 1974 10.3 10.2 (87) (86)
Apr. 21, 1974 10.8 9.2 9.2 9.0 7.7 7.0 7.7 (94) (77) (77) (73) (54) (50) (55)
May 13, 1974 9.5 9.3 9.2 9.3 9.0 (87) (81) (83) (84) (82)
May 16, 1974 9.5 9. i 9 .1 8.5 8.7 8.5 8.5 8 .1 8.1 7.9 6.0 5.8 (86) (83) (83) (78) (79) (78) (77) (74) (74) (72) (56) (53)
May 28, 1974 7 .0 6. 7 9.0 7.4 6.9 8.5 8,5 6.7 8.7 7.9 7.5 8.4 8.5 8.0 6.4 (74) (70) (93) (77) (68) (86) (86) (66) (89) (79) (75) (84) (85) (80) (63)
June 7, 1974 7.9 7.9 8.0 (84) (84) (85)
June 13, 1974 6.9 6.3 9.1 9. 3 7. l 9.7 9.3 8.2 9.7 9.4 7.8 (76) (67) (100) (102) (77) (107) (102) (88) (106) (102) (85)
June 14, 1974 · 8.2 8.0 7.5 7.0 9.0 8.i 8.7 (90) (87) (80) (74) (98) (94) (94)
APPENDIX B continued
Dissolved oxygen in ppm, and percent saturation (in parentheses) at Sites I through Vin the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the Big Eau Pleine dam, during August 31, 1973 through September, 1974.
Depth Site I Site II Site Ill Site IV Site V Site VI
1n meters: 1.0 2.5 1.0 2.5 5.0 1.0 2.5 5.0 1.0 2.5 5.0 1.0 2.5 5.0 10.0 1.0 2.5 5.0
Date
June 26, 1974 9.9 5.0 14.2 13.3 3.0 15.6 11.0 4.6 18.1 13.7 6.5 (117) (55) (167) ( 152) ( 33) (183) (125) (48) (215) (157) (70)
June 27, 1974 12.8 10. l 7 .o 4.2 (14.1) (112) (74) (44)
July 2, 1974 8.2 8.2 7.5 2.4 7.7 7 .8 7.6 (94) (94) (84) (25) (87) (88) (85)
July 16, 1974 6.7 4.1 8.0 7.8 2.2 9.0 7.9 3. I 10.6 7 .8 4.5 9.3 8.3 5.4 0.2 8.3 7.4 (82) (50) (97) (95) (26) (!OB) {96) (37) ( 132) ( 94) (53) (114) (101) (64) (2.2) (101) (89)
Aug. 5, 1974 7.8 6.7 7.1 6.6 6.6 5.9 5.7 5.5 6.4 6.5 6.0 7.0 5.3 4.7 5. l (90) (76) (81) (76) (75) (67) (65) (63) (74) (75) (68) (82) (61) ( 54) (58)
Aug. 8, 1974 5.0 3 .8 1.3 (59) (44) (15)
Aug. 19, 1974 8.9 4.7 12.1 5.3 2. l 5.5 4.9 2.7 8.4 7.5 3.9 11.0 10.0 6.5 0.3 7.4 7,3 2.6 (110) (55) (148) (63) (24) (64) (57) (31) (98) (88) (45) (131) (119) {77) (3.3) (88) (86) (30)
Aug. 30, 1974 6.5 5.7 6.5 7.0 6.1 5.6 5.0 4.9 (74) (64) (73) (77) (67) (64) (57) (55)
Sept. 1, 1974 9.2 9.0 7.9 7.7 1.7 6. l 5.4 8.8 8.7 8.3 (98) (95) (84) (82) (83) (65) (57) (100) (99) (93)
,..,.
APPENDIX C
Secchi disk readings in meters at Sites I throug.l-i V in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, and at Site VI below the Big Eau Pleine dam, during August 31., 1973 through September 5., 1974,
"" "" "" "" .., ,.._ ,.._
"" "" .., "" "" ... .. .,. ... ,.._ ,.._ ..... OI 0, "" .... ,.._
"" .... .... ..... "" ,.._ ..... .,. ... ..... .... ...
OI OI OI - - ..... 0, OI ..... OI OI OI .... OI OI ..... ..... ... OI .... - - - OI - - OI - - - OI - - 0, OI - - OI
0 . - - - - - -. . ..: .., . . .
ID• ..: . ~
. ..: - - N N . - .... .; - . a, .; "' ..: .., "' N N - - N - - N N
,;. ..; .; ..; ..; ..; ..; ..; > > > > .a .0 .0 .0 ..: Q. a. C. C. u C: . C: ::, ., ., ., ., 8 8 .g 0 0 0 0 ., ., ., ., ., ., .,
"' < V'I VI V'I V'I z: z: z: z: 0 .., .., .... .... .... .... E
Site I 0.61. 0.53 0.38 0.53 0.84 0.64 0.69 0.76 0.69 0.76 0.69 0.76
Site II 0.23 0.23 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.30 0.46 0.38 0.30 0.30 0,30 0,30 0.38
Site III 0.23 0.30 0.30 0.23 0.38 0.38 0.30 0.61 0.15 0.15 0,15 0,15
Site IV 0.46 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.38 0.30 0.34 0.68 0,15 0.23 0,23
Site V 0,53 0,46 0.46 0,46 0.53 0,46 0.68 0,61 0.68 0.68 0,30
Site VI 0.46 0.53 0.46 0.61 0.68 0.61 0.46 0,68 0.76
.,. .... .. ... .... .,. ... ... ... ... ... ..... ..... ..... .... ... ... ... ,.._ ..... ,.._ ,.._ ... ..... ... ... ,.._ ..... .... OI OI OI ,.._ ,.._ ,.._ ,.._
"' "' "' "' ..... OI ..... ,.._ OI OI OI - ~ OI "' "' .... .... .... "' - "' OI - .... -- -..,· . . . . .... · .; .; o• . "' - ..; .; . . ..., ... "' ._; ~
. -- N 00 .... - N N - GD - .., N ..; ..: ..: ..: ., ., ., ., ., >, >, .;. ti. ti. .;, >, >, >, C: C C: C: C: '; Q.
l Q. Q. l ~ "' :, ::, :::, :, :::, :::, :::, :::, ~
:::, ., < < ::,; -, -, -, .., .., .., .., < < < .,,
Site I 0.38 0.99 1.22 0.64 1.00 0.55 0.40 0,23 0.12
Sf te II 0.84 l,g() 0.55 0.61 0.46 0.24 0.23 0.18
Site I II 0.82 1.07 1.98 1.28 0,58 0.61 0.43 0.40 0.30
s1te rv 0.76 0.88 2.13 1.22 0.27 0.49 0.49 0.40 0.26
Site V 0,68 1.90 0.98 0,73 0.53 0.58 0.18 0.43
Site VI 0,46 0.79 2.21 1.07 0.79 0.55 0.73 0,73 0.34
APPENDIX D
Table I: Monthly mean number per liter (#10 oblique Clarke Bumpus) of zooplankton at Site I in the Bit:; Fau Pleine Reservoir.
NWlber of Total
~ .llwlu- Lepto- Calan- Cyclo- !lotl- Eph1- O■tra- Date■ of ~ Daphnla daphnia osoma ~ Me.crothr1x Leyd1g1a Chydoru11 ~ ill!_ Naupl11 ~ !.!!'!.. p1ala ~ ~ ~
Sept,, 197.) o.oo 0,10 0,96 o.6:, 0,00 0.:,2 0,?l o.oo 0.00 0,18 0.Jl 7,16 0.00 0,00 2 10.:,9
Oct.., 197.) o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,06 o.oo 0.00 8,}7 o.oo o.oo o.oo o.06 0,?0 o.oo o.ao l l,J9
Nov,, 197.) o.oo o.oo 0.00 0,12 0,00 0.02 0,48 0,00 0,00 0,06 0,04 0,19 0,00 0,00 l 0,91
I,ec., 197J Not Sa111pled
Jan,, 19?(1. Not S&l'lpled
f.!'h,. 19;4 Not Sa111pled
i-'.ar,, 19?(1. Not S1u11pled
Apr,, 19?(1. 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0,00 Trace o.oo 0,02 0,00 Trace 0,00 0,0) 0,12 0,00 0,00 l 0.16
Z.:h.:J, 19,-. 11.c;5 1.14 0,06 eo,20 0,00 0,00 0,62 0,00 0,00 6,60 21.9:, 11,10 0,00 0,00 2 1J9,l!0
June, 19?(1. 20.00 J,12 0,66 107,21 0,00 O,JO 0,72 1.01 0,16 5,10 8.20 7,04 . 0,00 0,26 2 1.5), 78
July, 19?(1. 78. 7.l 0,9J 51.95 J,49 0,00 o.oo 4,19 0,70 4,4J 28.65 5J,5B 6,29 o.oo o.oo 1 2)2,94
AU(,, 19?(1. 79,65 22,70 4),56 66,9) o.oo 0,00 109,96 0,00 16,4J 46,56 62,29 98,28 o.oo 0,00 ) ~6.)6
Sept,, 19?(1. ?lot Supled
Hun 24,,i. ),50 12.15 )2,J) 0.00 o.oe 14,66 0.21 2.6) 10,92 16.)0 16,)6 o.oo o.o:, 135.n
APPENDIX D continued
Table II: Monthly mean number per liter (#10 oblique Clarke Bumpus) of zooplankton at Site II in the 3i,:s Eau Pleine Reservoir.
Humber or Total
Cerio- Dlephan- Lepto- Calan- Cyclo- Rot1- Ephi- 0etra- Datee of ~ Daphnia da(?hnla osoma ~ Macrothr1x Le.J:d15la Chydorua ~ ~ llaupl11 polda ~ piale £2!!!_ Ave'd ~
Sept,, 19?J 61.8) 12.JJ 45,?0 55,60 0,00 0,22 220.22 0.24 10.97 21.64 29,.5 0,70 o.oo 0,00 2 45f,95
Oct., 197.) 20,'9 7.68 6.76 59,61 o.oo o.oo 142.26 o.oo l.5,67 9;e:, 41,48 J.:,8 o.oo o.oo l )07.26
llov,, 197'.l 6,12 0,41 0,26 J6,J6 0,00 0,00 1.5.02 0,00 21,88 5,5) 29,88 22,22 0,00 0,00 2 lJ?.68
Dec,, 197.) l,21 o.oo 0,00 6,82 0.19 0,00 2,62 0,00 4.67 8,87 lJ,26 S.5,67 o.oo 0,00 l 9),41
Jan,, 197'1 !'lot SMpled ,.__
F.tb,, 1974 Not Salllpled C
~!11.r., 19~ Not Sa.'nrled
Apr,, 19~ Not Sllr.pled
t'.ay, 19?11 ?.9,25 0,26 0,41 6,02 0,00 0,00 0,94 0,00 o.68 )6.84 60,92 201.22 0,00 0.20 2 JJ6, ';i>
June, 19-;i> J9,84 2,119 0,4) 1),72 0,00 0,00 8,)4 0.Jl J,24 6,04 16.12 )2,08 0,00 0,00 2 122.61
July, 19?11 11.9 0,10 16, 56 .5,J8 o.oo 0,00 2,48 O,Jl 10,76 24,11 J0,42 1,45 o.oo o.oo l lOJ,48
Aug,, 19?11 26,Jll 0,87 47,26 Y•,27 o.oo 0,00 ?0,22 0,14 17,22 )). ?II )7,78 1.)8 0,00 o.oo 2 269,26
Sept,, 19?11 Not Sampled
l!ean 24.64 J,02 14.67 27,22 0.02 O,OJ .57,76 0.12 10.64 18.)2 J2.42 J9,76 o.oo 0.02 228,62
APPENDIX D continued
Table ITT• ~.J..• Y!onthly mean number per liter (#10 oblique Clarke Bumpus) of zooplankton at Site III in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
lh191'ber of Tot.al
Cerio- tlaphllll- Lepto- Calan- Cyclo- ftoti- Eph1- o.tra- Dat•• of ~ Darhn1a ~ O,:jOntl .!!2!!!.!!! Hacrothrlx Lezd1j!l1a Chtdorue ~ .2!!!!,_ Naunl11 po1da !.!!!'.... .2l!l! ~ ~ 1-:eanp
Sept., 197.l 46. 51. 4.49 )8.82 74.96 o.oo o.oo 21?.6? 0.15 10,76 14,?J l?,22 ),81 0,00 0,00 ) 4)1,lS
Cct., 197.l )1,66 5,05 12.80 88,57 0,00 0,00 1)4.0) 0,00 21,22 1.5,8) 26,94 0,67 0,00 o.oo 1 ))6,76
::ov., 197.l 7,89 0,44 0,48 12,44 0,00 0,0.5 )0.5() 0,00 14.26 1,.55 12,.52 19.19 0,10 0,00 2 99,42
Dec., 197.l 2,.55 0,00 0,00 ),72 0,00 0,00 1,44 0,00 7,28 0, 71+ 4, 7.l 10,29 0,00 0,00 l )0,7.l
Jan.• !9'i4 !lot Sa111pled ...J
Feb., 1971+ Not Sampled ~
~·ar., 19'i4 Not S&111pled
Apr,, 19'i4 Not Salliplod
l".ay, 19'i4 45,)2 0,2) 0,00 2,94 0,00 0,00 0,58 0,00 0,96 )1,26 94,54 82,8) 0,00 0,00 2 258,66
.:rune, 1974 44,60 0,46 0,21 12,80 0,00 0,00 9,60 0,50 1),11 6, .52 9,78 11.14 0.06 0,00 2 10?,?8
July, 19~• 21.81 0,08 4,48 2.52 o.oo 0,00 l,?l 0,90 11,48 14,65 2),44 0,24 o,oo o.oo 1 81.)9
Aug., 1974 26.eo o,co 46,62 49.78 o.oo 0,00 l?.89 0,24 16,68 42.44 29.94 0,)4 0,00 0,00 2 2)0,7.l
Sept,, 1971+ 16,9) 0,00 47,85 81,05 0,00 0,00 10),18 o,oo 10,71+ )7,76 6,18 21,81 o.oo 0,00 .. 1 :,25,50
Heu 27,12 1,19 16,81 )6,5) 0,00 0,00 S?,40 0,15 11,8:, 18,)9 25,25 16,?0 0,02 0,00 211,)9
APPENDIX D continued.
'l'able r1: :;lonthly mean nwnber per liter (#10 oblique Clarke Bumpus) of zooplankton at Site IV in the Big Eau Pleine Re;;ervoir.
Nua'ber or Total
Cerio- ~- Lepto- Calan- Cyclo- Rott- Eph1- O•tra- Datea or ~ Daphn1a d~t•ilrnta OtiO'"~l ~ Macrothrix IMX:d115la Ch;xdorue ~ .!!.!.!!_a_ NauplU poida !!!!.. piala ~ ~ ~
Se'l)t,, 197:, J2,71 2.46 J,5.48 .5J,2? 0,00 0,00 lJB,01 0,1? 10,89 12,4? 11,?0 ),96 0,00 0,00 ) :,01,02
Cc-t. 1 197:, 21,20 2.12 11,0J 18.24 0,00 0,00 1:,0.20 0,00 ?,6) 11,24 9,:fo 1,06 0.21 0,00 1 212.0.5
::ov. I l97J 8,96 O,JJ 0,16 18,88 0,00 0,06 14,14 0,00 10,84 O,J6 .5,90 8,.59 o.oo 0,00 2 68,22
Dec,, 197:, 4,01 0,00 0,00 .5,?6 0,00 0,00 1.82 0,00 ?,)) 0,62 ),94 12,99 0,00 o.oo 1 :,6,48
Jan.' 1974 Not S,unpled ...J
F.et., !974 Not Sa,11:,led "' ~-:.a.r •• 1974 Not Sampled
Arr,, 1974 Sot Supled
~'.ay, !974 67,94 0,2.S o.oo 2,48 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 1.24 )0,2.S 106,61 )9,1? 0,00 0,2.S 1 247,94
June, 1974 J9,02 0,18 0,18 2,40 0,06 0,00 7,20 0,5J 16,94 4,20 9,28 12,50 0,04 0,00 2 92,.S)
:~11. 19';'> 20, 71 0,00 l,JIJ O,J6 0,00 0,00 0,29 0,114 21..51 17,44 9,4.S 1.09 o.oo 0,00 1 72,68
Aul,, 19-:X. 2J,6.5 0,05 24.J2 1.5,22 0,00 0,00 20,J.5 0,21 111,04 J6,8J 26,20 1,6? 0,00 0,00 J 162,:fo
se,.t .• 1974 Not Slllllpled
:~ean 2?,28 o.6? 9,07 14,,58 0,01 0.01 )9,00 0,17 11.:,0 14,18 22,8) 10,lJ 0,0) 0,0) 1119,29
APPENDIX D continued
~able V: r~onthly mean number per liter (#10 oblique Clarke Bumpus) of zooplankton at Site Vin the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
lf1111ber or Total
Cerio- ~- Lepto- Cal.an- Cyclo- RoU- Ephi- Oatra- DatH ot ~ Daphn1a ~ OSO!'la ~ Macrothr1x Lo;tdle.;1a Ch:tdoru■ ~ ~ Naupl11 po1da ~ piala ~ ~ •;-,
Sept., 197) 25.40 0.50 y,,?O 12,0J 0,00 0,00 1.57.49 O,JJ ?,7) 8,69 7.9.5 4,20 0,00 0,00 ' 2'9,02
Oct., l97J 9.42 1.02 B,98 7,88 0,00 0,00 172,)2 o.oe 4,76 5,87 lJ,68 0,47 0,14 0,00 2 224,62
~iov,, 197J 7,12 0,24 0,41-f 11,0J 0,00 0,08 19,)4 0,00 6,78 2,77 8,66 4,Jlt 0,18 0,00 2 60.98
tee., l'?7J J,99 0,00 0,00 10.1n 0,00 0,00 2.19 0,00 6,6.5 0,4J .5,7.5 9.6J 0,04 o.oo 1 )9.14
Jan., !9',X;. Not SUIJlled ---l
Fe~., !9?1+ !lot Sa111pled w
t:ar., 19?1+ Not Supled
Apr., 191♦ 0.04 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 · 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,14 0,87 0,91 0,00 0,00 l 1,96
~'.ay, 19-;'tl, 47,lJ 0,18 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,18 0,00 1,79 6,09 118,4,5 .5,JB o.oo 0,00 1 179,20
.. 'u.nc 1 1974 22,0J 0,00 0,00 0,82 0,00 0,00 0,.57 0,08 lJ,79 lJ,87 28,6,5 l,6J 0,00 o.oo 1 81.61
Ju!y, 19'11+ 2El,J9 0,00 0,09 0,22 0,00 0,00 4,10 0,66 24,)2 6,72 6,47 24,20 0.00 o.oo 2 9.5,17
Aug,, 1974 Jl,64 0,00 21.,,0 7,82 0,00 0,00 2.86 0,24 2.5,21 2.5,88 2.5,82 0,47 0,00 0,00 2 141.)lt
Sept., 1974 41.71 0,00 19,JO )9,09 o.oo 0,00 44,09 0,71 26,4.5 21,9) 4,77 40,04 o.24 0,00 l z,e.:n
~~ean 21,69 0,19 8,49 e.9:, 0,00 0,01 40,Jl 0,21 ll,7.5 9,24 22,11 9,lJ 0,06 0.00 1)2,12
APPENDIX D cont:mued
Table VI: Monthly mean number per liter (#10 oblique Clarke Bumpus) of zooplankton at Site VI below the Big Eau Pleine dam.
N11111ter or Total
Cerio- D11tphan- Lapto- Calan- Cyclo- Rot1- Ephl- Oetra- Dat.ee ot ~ ~ eur~~.la OSOPl:i\ ~ llacrothr1x Loxdlf1& Chxdorua !!2!:!!.._ ~ Naupl11 i!!.lli.. m!.. piala £.2!!!._ ~ l!eane
Sept., l97J 6,61 l.08 21,48 19,88 0,00 0,10 86.JO 0,00 '6,04 6,12 12.08 21.)8 o.oo 0,00 2 18).,58
Oct., l97J 2.46 0,62 J,)8 76,20 o.oo 0,00 5J,90 0,00 J,10 4,44 12,92 20,88 o.oo 0,00 2 177,90
~ov. r 197J 2.)8 0,05 0,00 J6,J8 0,00 o.oo 2.62 0,00 J,)8 0,8.5 :,.;ii. 18.44 o.42 o.oo 2 68,26
Dec., 1973 !lot Surled
J&tl, • 1974 Not Sa.mpled ... ,j:
fe't., 19-ic. Not Sampled
~:a.r.' 1974 Not Sampled
Apr., 1974 llot SaMpled
~'.ay, :!.9'."+ !lot Sa.mpled
Jun~, l','74 21,82 O,Jl 0,00 lJ,JS o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,61 4,89 ,58,00 2,96 0,00 0,00 1 101,94
Ju!y, 19~. 21.44 0,00 0,11 0,08 o.oo 0,00 4,J.5 0,16 16,48 9,70 5,2) 22,04 o.oo 0,00 .2 79,Y/
Aug., 1974 12.64 o.67 .. 8,82 49,66 o.oo o.oo 1.70 0,00 7,90 20,64 1.5,24 10.12 o.oo o.oo 2 127,99
Sept., 1974 )4,18 0,00 8,64 70,.52 0,00 0,00 100,0J 0,00 21,.59 29,87 7,!,6 87,44 0,00 0,00 l JY,.82
~.ean 14,79 0,)9 6,06 )8,01 0,00 0,01 J.5, !,6 0,02 8,44 11,02 16,40 26,27 0,06 0,00 1.57,0)
APPENDIX E
Table I: Monthly mean number per liter (#10 Van Dorn) of' zooplankton at Site I in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
N1111'ber tepth or Total
1n Cerio- D1aphan- Lepto- Cala.n- Cyclo- RoU- Sph1- Oetn- Datee or !:onth ?ctera I'aphr.1a ~ osoma !2!!!.!!! tiacrothr1x Leyd1tia Chydorus ~ ~ Naupl11 poida !!a p1al1 .w!!._ ~ !!!!!.!
Sept., 197'.l 1,0 0,25 0.25 1,.5 1 • .5 0,00 0,25 2,2.5 0,00 0,00 0,12 1,00 7,'!J) 0,00 0,00 2 14,62
l'ean 0,25 0.2.5 1.5 1,5 0,00 0,25 2,25 0,00 0,00 0,12 l,00 7,'!/) 0,00 0,00 14,62
Cct,, 197'.l 1.0 0,75 o.oo 0,62 6,88 0,00 O.J8 5,25 0,00 0,)8 0,5 J,12 2,)8 0,00 0,00 2 20,26 l•:ean 0,75 0,00 0,62 6,88 0,00 0,'.)8 5,25 0,00 0,)8 0,5 J,12 2,)8 0,00 0,00 20,26
Sov,, 1973 1.0 0,00 o.oo 0,00 1.00 0,25 0.50 J . .50 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,25 0,00 0,25 0,00 1 5,75 t;ean 0,00 o.oo o.oo 1.00 0,25 0,.50 J,.50 o.oo o.oo o.oo 0,25 o.oo 0,25 0,00 5,75
-..J !.ec., 1973 :;ot Sa.r.iplec! lT1
J'an. I 19'}1; 1.0 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,,50 0,00 0,00 0,25 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,75 0,,50 0,00 0,00 l 2,0 l'ean o.oo o.oo o.oo 0 • .50 0,00 0,00 0,25 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,75 0,,50 o.oo 0,00 2,0
Fet,, 19~ 1.0 o.oo o.oo 0,00 0.19 0,00 0,00 0,25 o.oo 0,06 o.oo 1,06 0,12 0,00 0,00 4 1.68 Henn 0.00 o.oo 0,00 0,19 0,00 o.oo 0,25 0,00 0,06 0,00 1,06 0,12· o.oo 0,00 1.68
:·:er., 19'}1; 1.0 0,00 o.oo o.oo o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0.50 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,75 0,00 0,00 o.oo l 1.25 ~ea.n o.oo 0,00 0,(10 0.00 o.oo 0,00 0. 50 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,7.5 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 1,25
A;r, 1 19-;,t.. 1.0 o.oo o.oo o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,0!) 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0 • .50 0,75 0,00 0,00 o.oo 1 1,25 2 • .5 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,25 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0.06 0.25 . 0,00 o.oo 0,00 l 0,50
l'ea.'\ o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,17. 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,25 0,,50 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,!I?
''.ay, 19'}1; 1.0 100.12 1.62 o.oo 129. 75 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 2.12 20,J!! 9,88 0,00 0,00 2 26::,,e1 2.5 :>6.r.'1 2.25 0.12 1,0,flll 0,00 0,12 1.25 o.oo 0,00 1.62 20,62 7,88 0,00 0,00 2 101,62
~:ean 63.50 l.94 0,06 135,)2 o.oo 0,06 0,62 o.oo 0,00 1,87 20,'!/) 8,88 0,00 0,00 1e2.15
June, 19'}1; 1.0 44,6?. 0,62 o.oo 150.00 0,00 0.12 0.62 1,12 0,12 1.)8 11.88 9.;,5 o.oo 0,25 2 219,Q8 2.5 2l.J8 J,12 0.12 57,75 0.25 0,25 1.12 0,00 0 • .50 1,62 lJ,88 6.88 o.oo 0,00 2 106,8?
:-:ean JJ,00 1.87 0.06 lOJ,88 0.12 0.18 0,87 0.56 0,Jl l, .50 12.88 8,06 0,00 0,12 16J,41
APPENDIX E continued
':'able I (continued) : f•1onthly mean number per liter (#10 Van Dom) of zooplankton at Site I in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
ll1111lier Depth or Total
in Cerio- !li~phM- Lcpto- Calan- Cyclo- Rot1- Eph1- Oetra- Date■ of ~ ~ ~ ~ o:.1orn:i .!!2.!.!!!!! Macrothrix Le;id151a Ch;xdoru■ ~ ~ ffauplH ~ !!a p1ab ~ ~ !:!!.!!!
July, 1974 1,0 121,00 1.75 n.25 5,00 0,00 0,00 4, .50 o.oo 7,.50 28,00 72,25 27,25 o.oo o.oo l :,+o • .50 2.5 ?'3,25 0,75 JJ,50 1,75 0,00 0,00 1,75 0,25 5,?5 19,50 J6.00 21.00 o.oo o.oo 1 198,50
~'.ean 99,6;:> 1.25 5J,J8 J,J8 0,00 0,00 J,12 0,12 6,62 2J,75 91,12 24,12 o.oo o.oo 269,4S
Aue., 1974 1,0 71.6? 24,08 )8,17 121,08 0,00 0,00 1J8,08 0,00 lJ.JJ JJ,92 74,08 1J6,08 0,00 0,00 ) 650,49 2.5 J6,8J 9,50 10,75 15,92 0,00 0,00 J05,50 0,00 9,JJ J0,8J 62. 50 J9,50 0,00 o.oo J ,520,66
~:ean 51,25 16,?9 24,46 68.50 0,00 0,00 221,?9 0,00 11,JJ J2.J8 68,29 87,?9 0,00 0,00 585, 58
Sert,, 1974 !lot Sa.'llpled '3 en
~:ea.n 1.0 J0,76 2,57 10.J2 )7.81 0,02 0,11 14.11 0,10 1,94 6,05 16,9) 17,54 0.02 0,02 11 109,29 Mean 22,65 2.01 7.26 24,65 O,OJ 0,14 21,67 0,06 1,70 5,49 14,84 12.67 0,02 0,01 11 llJ,42
APPEi"1DIX E continued
~able II: :l!onthly mean number per liter (#10 Van Dorn) of zooplankton at Site II of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
lh1•t.er !>tooth or Total
1n Cerio- Dil\Fhan- ~pto- Calan- Cyclo- Roti- Ephl- 0atra- DatH of ~ ~ .. tert1 ~ d~rhn1a ~-~ Macrothr1x Le;r:d!t:1a Ch.i:dorua ~ ~ llauplU polda !!a ptala £2.!!L ~ ~
Se:;,t., 1973 1.0 55,25 19.12 ,56.oo 69,J8 0,00 0,00 281,12 O,bO lB,25 14.12 :,4,75 0,88 (1.12 0,00 2 ,51<!!,99 2.5 52,00 22,JS 49,12 )5,62 o.oo 0,00 281.2.5 0,12 1.5,12 15,12 211,2.5 1. 7.5 0,12 0,00 2 496,!l.5
Mean 5J,62 20,75 .5,.56 52.50 0,00 o.oo 281. 18 0,06 16.68 14,62 29 • .50 l.Jl 0.12 0,00 522,90
Cct,, 197) 1.0 411,75 10.25 8,75 125,00 0,00 0,00 162,?5 0,00 Jl.75 12, ,50 48,25 J, .50 0,00 0,00 1 447,00 2.5 2).25 9,?5 6.00 117,00 o.oo 0,00 l?J,25 o.oo 15,00 10,75 21.?5 0,75 0,00 0,00 1 JCl?,50
Mean J4,00 10.00 7,J8 86.00 0,00 0.'JO 167,?5 o.oo 2J.J8 11,62 :,5,00 2.12 o.oo o.oo :,n.25
!;;iy,, 197J 1.0 J,25 o.oo 0,00 55,75 0,00 o.oo 1,.25 0,00 12.00 .1. 75 1.5,.50 14,00 0,00 o.oo 1 106, .50 -..J 2. '.i 2.00 0,00 0,00 111.25 o.oo O,IJO 4.~5 0,00 A, 50 1.25 10 • .50 12.25 o.oo 0,00 1 !iJ,00 -..J
Mean 2.62 0,00 o.oo J5,00 o.oo o.oo 4,25 o.oo 10.25 1,.50 1),00 lJ,12 o,oo 0,00 79,.,.
Dec., 1973 1,0 J.00 o.oo o.oo 15.25 o.oo o.oo 1,00 0,00 6.00 5,00 17,75 27,50 0,00 0,00 l 75,70 ?,5 2.25 0,00 o.oo 11.50 .o.oo o.oo 2.50 0,00 4,75 1.25 18,75 27-75 0,25 0,00 1 69,00
t'.ean 2.62 o.oo 0,00 l),J8 o.oo o.oo 1.75 o.oo .5,J8 J.12 18,25 2?,62 0.12 0,00 72,24
.!a.n., 197 .. 1.0 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 1.00 1.00 0,00 0,00 1 2.00
t•ean 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0,00 o.oo 1.00 1.00 0,00 0,00 2,00
l"o:,b, • 1971• 1.0 0,06 0,00 o.oo 0.12 o.oo O·,OO 0,06 o.oo o.oo o.oo 1 • .56 O,Jl 0,12 0,00 4 2.2)
Hean n.06 o.oo 0,00 0,12 o.oo o.oo 0,06 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 1,.56 O,Jl 0,12 o.oo 2.2)
!-:ar., 1974 1.0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,25 0,00 o.oo 0,25 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0.75 0.25 0,,50 o.oo 1 2,00
?~ean 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,2.5 0,00 0,00 0.25 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,75 0.2.5 0,,50 0,00 2.00
Arr., 197'- !10t Sampled
:·.ay, 197'- 1,0 ,50,J8 1.ee o.oo 16.?5 0,00 0,)8 0,75 o.oo 1,88 5,50 1JJ.J8 2)).88 o.oo 0,00 2 444,78 2,5 29,62 0,75 0,12 ?,)8 o.oo 0.12 0,62 o.oo 1,00 15.50 125.88 211, ,50 0,00 0,00 2 )92.49 5,0 25, 50 0,75 0.12 7,00 0,00 o.oo 0.50 o.oo 0,12 16.J8 52,62 172.25 o.oo 0,00 2 :'?5,24
f·'.ean J5,17 l.lJ 0,08 10,JB 0,00 0,17 0.62 0,00 1,00 12.46 10:,.96 205,88 0,00 0,00 J?0.8.5
APPENDIX E continued
Table II (continued) : Monthly mean number per liter (#10 Van Dom) of zooplankton at Site II of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
N1&11ber Depth of Total in Cerio- Diaphan- Lepto- Calan- Cyclo- Rot1- Eph1- Oatra- DatH of
~ ~ ~ d,,i;hr.ia osoma .l!2.!!!!!! Kacrothrlx Lald1~1a Chxdorue ~ .2l!!!L_ KAurlH po1da !.!£!.. pida ~ ~ ~
June, 19?4 1,0 92.~e J,Jll 0,7.5 24,25 0,00 0,00 16,62 0,25 4,7.5 6,?..5 27,2.5 68,.50 0,00 o.oo 2 2'14,J8 2,.5 J9,75 1.50 0,12 17,7.5 0,00 o. J 2 19,75 0,2.5 2,75 7,12 21,12 47,12 0,00 o.oo 2 156,)5 .5,0 6,2.5 9,50 0,00 6,7.5 0,00 0,00 1.88 0,00 2.12 8,)8 16.00 J,J8 0,00 0,00 2 ,54,26
Mean 4.5, 79 4,79 0,29 16.2.5 0,00 0, 04 12, 75 0,17 J,21 7,2.5 21,46 )9,76 0,00 0,00 1.51,67
July, 19?4 1,0 l.5,2.5 0,2.5 19,7.5 ?,?.5 0,00 0,00 5,25 0,00 10, 50 20, 7.5 )9,2.5 10,50 0,00 0,00 1 129,2.5 2,.5 11.00 o.oo 12.25 9,7.5 0,00 0,00 5, 50 0,2.5 10,7.5 1.5,00 14,00 2,75 0,00 0,00 l 81.2.5 -..J 5,0 fl,2.5 4,.50 l.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,25 J2,00 8,50 o. 7.5 0,00 0,00 l .57,2.5 ciJ
Mea.n 11.50 l. .58 11,00 5,8J 0,00 0,00 J, 58 0,08 7,8J 22. 58 20, 58 4,67 0,00 0,00 89,2)
Au!".,, 19?4 1,0 2.5,17 O. 58 J4, ,58 66,6? 0,00 0,00 72, 50 0,17 1.5,2.5 J,5,08 12,50 12,?.5 0,00 0,00 J 275,2.5 2.5 22.oe 0,?5 1;1,25 J 1 ,00 .0,00 0,00 ,56,42 0,06 1),17 24,17 17,00 4,92 0,00 0,00 ) 210,82 .5,0 JJ,17 6,42 26,00 7,08 0,00 o.oo 51,17 0,00 17,00 )9,92 21,6? 1),17 0,08 0,00 ) 215,68
~ean 26,81 2. 58 JJ,94 )4,92 0,00 0,00 60 OJ 0,08 1.5,11, J),06 17,06 10,28 0,0) 0,00 2)),9)
~·.~a.n 1,0 26,)2 J,22 10,139 J4,6.5 0,00 0,0) 49,46 0,04 9,lJ 9,18 )0,18 JJ,92 0,07 0,00 11 20?.09 Mean 19,29 J,71 9,.57 2),15 0,00 0,02 tyl .)8 0,04 ?,SJ 9,66 2J,8) 27,134 0,08 0,00 11 lT.),10
APPENDIX E continued
Table III: ~1onthly mean number per liter (#10 Van Dorn) of zooplankton at Site III of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
lluber Depth of Total in Cerio- ~- Lepto- Calan- Cyclo- Rotl- Ephl- O■tra- Date■ of
::o!lt'l ~ Darhnta d<'-p1rn1a osoma ~ Macrothrix L■ld1e,;1a Ch):dOI'\111 £2!:L. ~ Naupl11 poida !m.. pia.la .52!!L.. ~ ~
S•pt., 1973 1,0 _54.88 5,15 4J,75 55,.50 o.oo 0,00 270.62 0,00 12.25 lJ,88 15,J8 4 • .50 o.oo 0,00 2 476,.51 2.5 .52.12 7,62 5),00 25,75 0,00 o.oo Jfu:,00 0,12 15,00 17,62 26.25 ?,25 0,00 0,00 2 '66,?3
t:ea.n 5),50 6.68 118,JB 110.62 0,00 0,00 )16,Jl 0,06 lJ,62 15. 75 20,82 5,88 0,00 0,00 .521,62
C•ct,, 19?) 1,0 60,75 6,75 8.00 126.00 o.oo 0,00 140,2.5 o.oo 46,75 18,.50 4),2.5 2,2.5 0,2.5 0,00 1 i..52. 75 2,5 Jl..50 5.25 12.00 68,00 o.oo o.oo 166,25 0,00 1).25 17,00 16,75 0.75 0,25 0,00 l :,:,1.00
f!ean 46.12 6,00 10.00 97,00 o.oo o.oo 15),25 0,00 JO.CO 17,75 :,o.oo 1..50 0,25 o.oo )91,87
~ov., 19?) 1.0 5,50 0,00 0,00 8.50 0,00 o.oo 2,25 o.oo 1:,,25 0,25 ),75 2, 50 0,00 o.oo 1 :,6.00 -..J 2.5 .5-25 0,00 0,00 9,25 o.oo o.oo 4,75 o.oo 9, .50 0,2.'i J,2.'i 2,2.'i 0,00 0,00 l J4,50 I.O
~;ean 5,)8 a.co o.oo 8,88 0,00 0,00 ),50 o.oo 11,)8 0,25 :, • .50 2,'.!6 o.oo o.oo :,5.21
Dec,, 197J 1.0 4,75 0,00 0,00 J,?5 a.co 0,00 1.00 o.oo 9,So o.sa s. So 14,00 0,00 0,00 l )9,00 2.5 4,25 o.oo 0,00 .'i, So 0,00 0,00 2,50 0,00 10,75 1,50 9,00 ?,00 o.oo 0,00 1 40,50
~:ean 4,So o.oo · 0,00 4,62 0,00 0,00 1.75 0,00 10.12 1,00 7,2.5 10 • .50 o.oo 0,00 )9.?4
Ja!"l." 19?4 1.0 0,25 o.oo o.oo 2,.50 a.co 0,00 18,7.5 0,00 10.25 0,75 29,00 2.25 0,2.5 o.oo 1 64,00
Hean 0,25 o.oo o.oo 2.50 0,00 0,00 18,75 0,00 10.25 0,75 29,00 2,25 0.25 0,00 64,00
~e~. • 1971+ 1,0 0,00 o.oo 0.25 0,8) o.oo 0,00 1,67 0,00 0,2.5 o.oo :,.BJ o.oa 0,00 0,00 :, 6,91 ~!ean o.oo o.oo 0,25 0,8) 0,00 0,00 1,6? 0,00 0,25 Q,00 :,.a:, 0,08 0,00 0,00 6,91
t~ •• 19?4 1,0 0,00 o.oo 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0,2.5 0,00 0,00 0,00 1 0.2,
!inn o.oo 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,2.5 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0.25
Apr., 1971+ 1,0 0,2.5 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,2.5 0,7.5 0,25 0,00 0,00 1 1,.50 ~~ea.n 0,25 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,2.5 0,7.5 0,25 0,00 0,00 1, .50
APPEJ IDIX E continued
Table III (continued.) : Monthly mean number per liter (#10 Van Dom) of zooplankton at Site III of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
lfu11ber Depth of Total
!I'\ Cerio- Dtaphan- Lepto- Calan- Cyclo- Rott- Eph1- Oatra- Date■ ot ~ ~ Ilaphnl.3. ~ oso:,a ~ Hacrothr1x Ley:d1fi1a Chy:dorua ~ ~ NauplU ~ !!.a. plala ~ ~ ~
Lay, l??U 1.0 6'3,50 0,75 0,12 7,62 0,00 0,00 0,.50 0,00 J,00 11,2.5 122,00 11,00 0,25 0,00 2 2S?.99 2,5 61,00 0.12 0,12 2,75 0,00 0,00 0,J'3 0,00 2,00 9, .50 97,J9 51,62 0,00 0,00 2 225,7.5 5,0 :,2.ee 0,.50 0,00 1.62 0,00 0,00 0,25 0,00 l,12 7.12 67,J8 9),12 0,12 0,00 2 169,11
J~can 5•,lJ 0,46 0,08 4,00 0,00 0,00 0,J8 0,00 2,JJ 9,29 95,.59 61.2.5 0,12 0,00 227,6)
Juno,, 19;,i. 1.0 7-•. 15 1. .50 0,12 25,J8 0,00 0,00 14.62 0,25 27,12 15,ee 25,88 51,JB 0,12 0,00 2 2)7,00 2,5 46,12 0,25 0,12 9,l? 0,00 0,l'U 7,J8 2,00 14,25 7,62 12,J8 15.62 0,00 0,00 2 U4,P6 5" .. 20. '.'5 0,62 o.oo 1.00 0,00 0,00 1,00 O,J8 6,00 1.50 6.62 1.75 0,00 0,00 2 J9,62
!-lean 11?,21 o. ?9 0,0/3 12,00 0,00 0,00 7,67 0,88 15,?9 .8.JJ 14,96 22,92 0,04 0,00 lJ0,67 (X)
0 .. tt..:ly, 19-;'4 1,0 20, .50 0,00 1.00 6,50 0,00 0,00 1,75 0,00 14,25 20,50 J5,25 4,50 0,00 0,00 l 104,2.5
2.5 l?,00 o. 50 8.25 1.75 0,00 0,00 1.00 0,25 8,00 8,25 lJ,50 0,75 0,00 0,00 1 .59,2.5 5,C lJ'J,25 J.75 1. 50 o • .50 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 5,75 8,00 17,75 0,?5 0,00 0,00 l 168.25
!!can 55,92 1., .. 2 J, ,58 2,92 ·o.oo 0,00 0,92 0,00 9,JJ 12.25 22.17 2,00 0,00 0,00 ll0,S9
I:.:.;;.., ~q';"J. 1,0 2e.25 0,25 '.!2,50 ?8,62 0,00 0,00 19,62 0,12 12,J8 2),50 2J, ?5 4,J8 0,00 0,00 2 22),J? 2,5 32.00 o.oo 29,50 66,00 o,co 0,00 21.75 0 • .50 11,12 21.00 29,50 J,12 0,00 0,00 2 2ll•,49 5.fi e6,t18 0,12 15.1:2 5,88 0,00 0,00 2,75 0,12 111,oe 12.25 20,62 2,00 0,00 0,00 2 161,12
}'ean 49,04 0,12 25,87 50,17 0,00 0,00 111, 71 0,25 12,?9 18,92 24,62 J,17 0,00 0,00 199,66
Sep~., 19~ 1.0 J2,50 0,00 5),?5 159, 50 0,00 0,00 126,00 0,25 19,75 29,00 11,25 25,.50 0,00 0,00 l 4.57,.50 2,5 I;•), 75 0,00 70, .50 l','li, 75 0,00 0,00 166,00 0,25 14,.50 ;8,00 111,00 28,00 0,00 0,00 l ,.6, 7.5 5.0 1~. ?~- 0,?5 41,25 20,50 0,00 0,00 101.25 0,00 6,25 4,75 J,50 7,25 0,00 0,00 l 203.75
}:ean J0,6? 0,08 55,17 118,25 0,00 0,00 1)1,08 0,17 lJ,50 2),92 9,,58 20.2.5 0,00 0,00 402,67
1:ean 1,0 26,99 1,15 10,?J 36,52 0,00 0,00 45,92 0,0.5 12,98 10,)J 24,60 14,28 0,07 0,00 lJ lRJ.62 l~ean 26,£9 1,20 11,0J ?6,29 0,00 0,00 49,?J O,ll 9,95 e,:,,1 20,18 10,19 0,0.5 0,00 l) 16). ?6
APPEIIDIX E continued
':'3.lile N: Monthly mean number per liter (#10 Van Dorn) of zooplankton at Site N of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
tlumber Depth of Total
in Cerio- Q.t:trhan- L,:,pto- Cal:ln- Cyelo- Roti- Ephi- Oatra- Datea of ro~th ~ D~pr.n1a darhnb osorn;i. ~ llaerothrix Le,ldlc;ta Ch•rdorus ~ oida tlauplU ~ ill:!... ptala ~ ~ ~
Sept,, 197) 1,0 47,62 J,25 ;>i;,25 141,88 0,00 0,00 120.12 o.oo 15.00 lJ,25 11.62 9,12 0,00 0,00 2 :,86.11 2,5 91,;,5 0,Jfl 41.62 129,88 0,00 0,00 167,12 0,00 1J.J8 lJ,88 10.25 J,50 o. 38 0,00 2 4)'3,(:11 .5,0 1,1,3~ 2,75 47, 50 1).25 0,00 0,00 176,12 0,12 5,J8 9,JO 7,50 0,12 0,00 0,00 2 JOJ, .50
!lean 49,08 2,lJ )7,79 95,00 0,00 0,00 154,45 o.OI• 11,25 12,17 9,79 4,25 0,1) 0,00 J76,08
Oct,, 197) 1.0 19,75 J,25 5,75 4J,?5 0,00 0,00 75,25 0,00 12,75 16.50 12 • .50 1.2.5 0,50 o.oo 1 191.25 ;, • 5 :l.00 J,75 17,75 61.25 0,00 0,00 l)'• • .50 0,00 9, 50 10,25 7,;,5 0,00 0,00 0,00 1 275,25 5,0 15. 50 2,00 16,00 15,50 0,00 0,00 226,00 0,00 8,00 16,75 17,25 0,00 0,75 0,00 1 J17,75
0) t:ean 22,08 J,00 1),17 40,17 0,00 0,00 11► 5,25 0,00 10,08 14,50 12,JJ 0,42 0,42 0,00 261,42 ~
J;_ov,, 197) l.'.l 15.00 o.oo o.oo J0,75 o.oo o.oo 1.50 0,00 7,25 0,00 J,75 2,.50 0,25 0,00 1 61,00 2,5 6.50 o.oo 0,00 28,00 0,00 0,00 11,0Q 0,00 5, .50 0,75 J,7.5 1.75 0,00 0,00 1 50,25 5,0 J,75 0,00 0,00 5,75 . 0,00 0,00 11,00 0,00 2.50 0,75 4,00 1.50 0,00 0,00 1 22.25
l'.~M 8.42 o.oo 0,00 21..50 o.oo 0,00 J,17 0,00 5.08 0.50 J,8) 1.92 0,08 0,00 44,50
liec., l97J 1,0 2,75 o.oo 0,00 7,00 o.oo 0,00 J,25 0,00 10.50 1.50 6.00 7,25 0,00 0,00 l )8,25 2,5 6.25 0,00 o.oo 12,00 o.oo o,;,5 6.00 0,00 1),25 J,?.5 6, so 2}, 50 0,00 0,00 1 71.00 5.0 5,75 o.oo 0,00 6,50 0,00 0,00 5.00 o.oo 10.00 0,75 6,50 9,50 0.25 0,00 l 44,25
l'ea.n 4,92 0,00 0,00 A, 50 0,00 0,08 4,75 0,00 11.25 1.8) 6,JJ lJ,42 0,08 0,00 51,16
Jan,, 19-;,q 1,0 0,25 0,00 0,00 2,00 o.oo 0,00 ),50 0,00 ),00 · o. 75 7,75 lJ,50 0,00 0,00 l J0,75 2,5 o._'ill o.oo 0,00 2.25 o.oo 0,00 0,25 o.oo 2.25 l.?5 lJ,?5 4,?.5 0,00 0,00 l 25,50
Mean 0,)8 0,00 0,00 2.12 o.oo o.oo 1,88 0,00 2.62 1.25 10,75 9,12 o.oo 0,00 28.12
hb,, 19-,-. 1,0 0.12 0,00 0,00 0,12 0,00 0,25 0,88 0,00 2.00 0,50 59,25 0,)8 0,12 0,00 2 6).62 Hean 0,12 0,00 0,00 0,12 o.oo 0,25 0,88 o.oo 2.00 0,50 59.25 0,)8 0.12 0,00 6J.62
::,r,, 19-,-. 1,0 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,12 0,25 0,00 0,25 0,12 28,?5 o.oo 0,00 0,00 2 29,49 2.5 o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,00 o,oo o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 a.so 0,00 0,00 0,00 l 0.50
1:ean 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,06 0,12 o.oo 0.12 0,06 14,62 o.oo 0,00 0,00 14,98
APPElIDIX E continued
Table N (continued): Monthly mean number per liter (#10 Van Dom) of zooplankton at Site IV of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
llu•'bolr Depth of ToUll
!:1 Cerio- Dlarhan- Lepto- Calan- Cyclo- Roti- Ephl- Oatra- n .. tea of ~ ~ Daphnla d•]'hnla O!JU/f,rl. ~ Macr,,thrtx Le,tdlt:ia Ch,rdonis dora ~ llaupl11 poirta !!!!.. pt:1ls ~ ~ ~
Apr., 19?'1 l.O 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 8,75 0,00 0,50 o.oo 0,00 1 9,2S 2,5 0,25 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,50 1.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1 l,?S 5,0 0,00 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.25 1.50 0,75 0,00 0,00 1 2, 50
!'.can 0.08 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0(1 0.00 0,00 0,00 J,17 0,8J 0,112 0,00 0,00 4,,50
?:ay, 19'/4 1,0 69,JA 0,J8 0,00 l.50 0,00 o.oo 0,12 0,00 1.,50 16,12 1J8,J8 9J,62 0,00 0,00 2 )21,00 2.5 Jg,M 0,00 0,00 1.00 0,00 o,uo O,J13 0,00 1.62 211,75 95, 50 65,62 0,00 0,00 2 22?, 15 5,0 yr ,ee 0,62 0,12 0,88 0,00 0,01) o.eo 0,00 O,J8 10,62 6J,75 )9,75 0,00 0,00 2 151,00
Mean 47,71 O,JJ 0, Q/1 l.lJ 0,00 0,()0 0,17 0,00 1.17 17,16 99,21 66,JJ 0,00 0,00 2JJ,?5 Cl) N
cu::e, 19'/4 l.O 84.2.5 0 • .50 0.12 7,12 0,00 0,00 25,12 o.88 21.75 8,25 21,75 79,50 0,00 0,00 2 249,24 2,.5 24, 7.5 c.12 0,00 0,88 0,00 a.co 2,00 0,12 28,75 7,12 16,62 6,00 0,00 0,00 2 66,36 .5,0 12,75 0,12 0,00 O,J8 0,00 o.oo 0,75 0,12 20.25 5,75 17,50 11,12 o.oo 0,00 2 61,?4
~'.ean 4-:,. se 0,2.5 0,()/, 2,79 -0,00 0,00 9,29 O,J7 2J.,58 7,()11 18,62 29,07 o.oo 0,00 1J2,4J
July, 1974 1.0 18,75 o.oo 1. 75 2,50 0,00 o.oo 1.25 0,00 40,50 32,50 24, 75 1,75 0,00 o.oo l 12J,75 2.5 1? "'lt: ....... ,..,, 0,00 J.75 1.50 0,00 0,00 0,25 0,00 110,00 15.50 11,75 1.50 0,00 0,00 l 107,00 5,0 29,.50 o.oo 0,00 0,50 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 16,75 J,25 5,75 0.2.5 0,00 0,00 l ,56,00
l!ean 27,00 0,0:J 1.8J 1,50 0,00 0,00 0,50 0,00 32,42 17,08 14,08 1,17 0,00 0,00 95,58
1-.u;:., 1971• 1.0 J?,08 0,08 35,25 55, .58 0,00 0,00 15,75 0,00 19,42 J4,17 57,50 4,33 0,00 0,00 ) 2~.16 2.5 y,,92 0,00 29.92 JJ,87 0,00 0,0() 19,50 0,17 11,50 1.8,08 47,00 2,50 0,00 0,00 ) 197,46 5,0 J2,00 O,JJ 24.17 6,oe 0,00 0,00 16.25 0,17 11,08 19,17 14,92 4,67 0,00 0,00 3 128.64
Xea.n J4,67 0,111 2'),76 )1.84 0,00 0,00 17,17 0,11 14,00 2).81 J9,81 ),8) 0,00 0,00 19.5.16
Sept,, !9'/4 Not Sampled
:.e.\!\ 1.0 24,,58 0,62 .5,59 24,)5 0,00 O,OJ 20.,58 0,07 11,16 11.0:, :,1.00 17,81 0,07 o.oo 12 146,89
?iea.n 19,59 0,119 6,89 17,06 0,00 0,0J 28,14 0,04 9,46 8,26 24,12 10,93 0,07 o.oo 12 125,08
APPENDIX E continued
Table V: Monthly mean number per liter (#10 Van Dom) of zooplanlrton at Site Vin the Big Eau Ple:!.ne ;{eservoir.
lh.111ber Det>th ot Total
!.~ Cerio- D1aphan- Lepto- Calan- Cyclo- Rot1- Ephl- Oatra- Dataa of ront'"t Ve~crs Daphn1a daphnia onoma. Bos111ina Macrothrlx Lexdtc;la Chxdorua ~ ~ Naupl11 po1da !,!!!,_ piala ~ ~ !.:!2!!.!
Sept,, 1913 1.0 Jl,5'l 0,12 Jl,12 .5'1,62 0,00 0,00 ma.es o.~5 17,.50 9, .50 10,00 5,62 0,00 0,00 2 )'+9,09 2,5 25, 75 O,Jll 46,25 27,12 0,00 0,00 l(h, 12 o.oo 8,00 J,2.5 8,12 2,75 0,00 0,00 2 2!l.5.~ 5,0 J5,12 0,62 5J,50 2.25 0,00 0,00 )07,811 O,J.'l 2,813 J,88 4, .50 0,00 0,00 0,00 2 407,01
10.0 49,00 2,00 55,75 7, ?_5 0,00 0,00 J 5:),? 5 o.oo 1,25 J,7.5 20.25 2,00 lJ,25 0,00 1 51J,7.5 Mean )5,.59 0,78 46,66 22.81 0,00 0,00 25J, 78 0,16 7,1n 5,10 10,72 2,.59 J,Jl 0,00 Jl'-tl,91
Cct,, 1913 1.0 25.es 1,62 11.62 20.00 o.oo 0,12 l','ti,12 o.oo 11.88 6,75 16.00 0,00 0,12 0,00 2 26/l,ll 2,5 ~5. J :! 7,?5 2,JP ?0,75 0,00 0,00 111;>,00 0,00 12.00 !l,12 17,25 0,00 0,00 0,00 2 2?5,137 5,0 25,flS 0,75 1?,JI' 22,118 0,00 0, l,,-) l?ilJ1f\ 0,00 8,62 5,50 lJ,J!l 0,12 0,00 0,00 2 26".)9 CD 7.5 :,1.,00 c. 50 22.50 2J.OO o.oo 0,00 275.25 0,;:>5 9,00 11.00 14. 75 0,00 0,00 0,00 l :,eo.25 w
~·.ean 25,47 2. 5J 12,22 21,66 0,00 O,OJ 202,:i, 0.06 10,JB 7,84 15,J4 O,OJ O,OJ 0,00 29(1,12
::ov,, 197:l 1.0 10,00 0,00 0,00 17,75 0,00 0,00 5,50 0,00 10.25 0,00 4,.50 1, .50 0,00 o.oo l 49.So 2,5 11 ,75 0.:15 0,00 17,00 !),00 0,00 5,25 0,00 9,25 0,25 7,25 0,00 0,25 0,00 l 48,25 .5,0 ~ .2 5 0,00 (l,00 19,2.5 0,00 0,00 7 • .50 0,00 10,7.5 1,2.5 6,?.5 J,.50 0,25 0,00 1 .57, .50
l'!e:\.'1 9,00 0,08 0,00 18,00 0,00 0,00 6,NJ o.oo 10,08 o.~o 6,17 1,67 0,17 0,00 .51, 7.5
!:cc .. • l97J l.O J,7.5 0,00 0,00 7,25 0,00 0,00 1.25 0,00 .5,00 0,?.5 2,50 1.25 0,00 0,00 l 21.25 ,., < s.oo 0,00 0,00 9, 50 0,00 (1,00 2,25 0,00 7,75 0,00 4,25 J, .50 0,00 0,00 1 J2.25 •-•.,J
5.0 l.00 0,00 0,00 111 .50 o.oo 0,00 ),25 0,00 10,75 1. 50 ?,00 5,75 0,00 0,00 1 48,7.5 ?.5 4. :,o 0,00 0,00 5,00 0,00 0,00 4,75 0,00 2,2.5 0,50 .5,00 1.75 0,00 0,00 1 2J.7.5
P.ea.."\ 4.81 0,00 0,00 9,06 0,00 0,00 2,88 o.oo 6,44 -0.56 4,69 J,06 0,00 0,00 Jl,.50
Jan,, 1974 1.0 1, .50 0,00 0,00 0,7.5 0,00 0,00 0,50 o.oo 6,.50 J,.50 49,.50 6,7.5 0,00 0,00 l '9,00 2,5 2.50 o.oo 0,00 2,25 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 6,50 2,75 29,25 4,25 o.oo 0,00 l 4?.,50
Y.ean 2.00 0,00 0,00 l. .50 0,00 0,00 0,25 0,00 6,50 J,12 J9,JB .5, .50 0,00 o.oo 58,25
!"e'::,, 1974 1.0. 1 • .50 0,00 0,00 0,67 0,00 0,42 0,17 o.oo 7,08 2,42 48,75 .5,42 0,25 0,00 J 66.611 2.5 o. _)'.) 0,00 0,00 0,50 0,00 0,08 0,08 0,00 2,58 2,08 26,92 1,.58 0,17 o.oo J J4,57
~ean 1.04 0,00 0,00 0,58 0,00 0,25 0,12 0,00 4,8J 2,25 )7,84 J,.50 0,21 0,00 50,62
APPENDIX E continued
Tab~e V (continued): Monthly mean number per liter (#10 Van Dorn) of zooplankton at Site V of the Big Fau Pleine Reservoir.
Mwtber Depth or Total
in Cerio- Diaphan- Lepto- Calan- C:yclo- Roti- Bphl- Oetra- tatH of ~'.or.th !~e~ DP.phnb da.phnta. OfOJn;\ ~ Macrothrlx Le,}'.1111,ta Ch,ldorua !!_'?.£:}_ ~ Naupl11 polda f!!!... p111la ~ ~ !'.!!!!.!
r:ar., 19~ 1,0 o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,12 0,00 0,00 0,25 26.12 0,88 0,00 0,00 2 2?,)? 2,5 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.12 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.12 ),B8 0,12 o.oo 0,00 2 lt,24 5,0 o.co 0,00 0,00 0,00 o.oo (),0(\ 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 l),?5 0,25 0,00 o.oo 1 14,00
~'.ean o.oo 0,00 o.oo o. 04 0,00 0,00 0,04 0,00 o.oo 0.12 111. 58 0,42 0,00 0,00 15.20
Apr,, 19~ 1.0 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,25 0,00 0,25 0,00 0,75 o. 50 0,00 o.oo 1 1.15 2,5 0,00 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 r,. r10 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,25 J,25 0,75 o.oo 0,00 1 4,25 5,0 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 o.oo O,U(J 0,00 0,00 0.00 2,50 LOO o.oo 0,00 1 J,50 7,5 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0. 50 1.00 0,75 0,00 0,00 l 2.25
CX) t-~ean o.oo 0.00 o.oo o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,06 0,00 0,06 0,19 1,88 0,75 0,00 o.oo 2.94 ,&:..
:'.A:y, 19~ 1.0 56,,;2 O,J8 0,00 O,J8 o.oo 0,00 0.00 0,00 1.25 7,25 29?.12 50,88 o.oo 0,00 2 51),1!8 2,5 1,2 ,50 0,12 0.00 0,25 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 1.)8 16.00 J24.75 115,E\8 0,12 o.oo 2 !01,00 5,0 ]'J, :'5 0,!2 0,;8 0,62 .o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,00 O,J8 6.J8 210.Je J9,50 o.oo 0,00 2 JJ7,0l
10.0 6,Jf: 0,00 0,12 0,12 0,00 O,uO o.~5 0,00 O,Jl'l 16.88 240.ee ,58,25 0,62 o.oo 2 J2J.~8 ?'.ean ~1.19 0,16 0.12 O,J4 0,00 0,00 0,06 0,00 0,85 11.6J 28J,28 66,lJ 0,19 0,00 :,<)4,05
.:i.:re, :?..9~• 1.0 ~9.)9 0,00 0,00 0,75 0,00 0,00 6.25 0,25 J0,00 .10,12 18,50 J0.62 0,12 0,00 2 125,99 2.5 27,;,5 0,12 0,00 l.00 0,00 0,00 1,.25 0.12 '.ll.88 12.25 11.62 8,12 o.oo 0,00 2 96,61 5.0 l ~, ;(I 0,00 o.oo 0,38 0,00 0,00 0,62 0,12 ;~. 50 11.00 15,25 o.ee 0,00 0,00 2 77. l)
10,0 ~-6.9~ 0,00 0,00 0,62 0,00 0,00 O,JB 0,00 1),50 5.50 25.ee 1.50 1.62 o.oo 2 75.~9 ~:ean ,.4,72 0.03 0,00 0,69 o.oo 0,00 2,/\8 0,12 27,22 ,9,72 17,81 10.28 0,44 0,00 9),91
.:.ily, 19~ 1.0 11,25 0,00 0,25 0,75 0,00 0,00 2.50 0,00 26,50 25.50 2J,75 :,2.25 o.oo 0,00 l 122,?5 2.5 9,25 0,00 0.50 0,25 0,00 0,00 6.25 0,00 49,50 20.50 10,50 2,00 o.oo 0,00 l 9~.75 5,0 10.15 o.oo 0,00 0. 50 o.oo 0,00 1, 50 0,00 :,<),25 2.25 6.25 0.25 o.oo o.oo l 60,?5
10,0 0,75 o.oo 0,25 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,75 0,25 1.00 0,00 0.25 1,75 0,75 0,00 1 5,75 !-:CM e.co o.oo 0,?.5 0.112 0,00 0,00 .J,00 0,06 29,06 12.06 10.19 9,06 0,19 0,00 ?2,29
APPENDIX E continued
Table V (continued) : Monthly mean number per liter (#10 Van Dom) of zooplankton at 8i te V of tl!e 131g Eau Pleine Reservoir.
N1111'ber I:epth of Total
1n Cerio- Dtaphim- Lepto- CalM- Cyclo- RoU- Bph1- Oatra- Date■ of ro~th !·'.c+..ers Darhn1a O;\phnla onona ~ Macrothr1x Le;r:d1t;1a Ch;r:donis ~ 2ll!L Naupl11 ~ !!!!_ p1als ~ ~ ~
Aug., 19?4 !.O 22,75 o.oo e,25 25.25 0,00 0,00 7.75 0,25 51.50 14.88 JJ.88 1.00 0,00 0,00 2 165,51 2,5 40,75 o.oo 19.00 15.12 o.oo o.on 4,)8 0,12 20,62 17,50 2),25 0,75 0,00 0,00 2 141,49 5,0 22 ,38 0,00 2J.25 6.00 0,00 0,00 11,00 0,00 10.62 16.38 20.62 0,75 0,12 0,00 2 104. 12
lC.O 2.5.es o.oo 12,62 1,89 0,00 o.uo 2,J9 o.oo 8,J8 15.J8 17.25 l.JA 0,12 0,00 2 85.27
MelJt 27,94 0,00 15.78 12,06 0,00 o.oo 4.6J 0,09 22,78 16,04 2J,75 0,97 0,06 0,00 121,,10 CX)
Sept,, 19?4 1,0 J9.25 0,00 27,25 lJJ,00 o.oo 0,00 120, 50 0,50 J4,00 24,25 17,50 297,25 0,00 0,00 l £9J,50 u, 2,5 !;.:,, 75 0,00 17,00 9J,00 0,00 0,00 7'-1,50 0,00 J2,75 14,25 5,00 107,75 0,00 0,00 l 389,00 5,0 69,00 0,00 29,25 29.25 0,00 0,00 49,50 1.75 14,25 1.00 2,25 14,50 0,00 0,00 l 210,75
lC,0 47,25 0,00 2J,50 ),75 0,00 0,00 8,00 0,00 45,25 17,00 5,25 14,00 o.oo 0,25 l 164.25
Mean 50.06 0,00 24.25 64,?5 d,oo 0,00 6).12 0,56 Jl,56 14,12 ?,50 108,JB 0,00 0,06 J64,J6
fean. ::.o 17,95 0,16 6.04 20.09 0,00 0,04 )9,06 0,10 15.52 8,05 42,22 JJ,J8 0,04 0,00 lJ 182,65 1!ean 16,91 0,28 7,t,.; 11.68 0,00 0,02 41.51 0,08 12,09 6,40 J6,J9 16,JJ 0.35 0,00 1:, 149,68
APPENDIX E continued
Table VI: !\~onthly mean number per liter (#10 Van Dorn) of zooplankton at Site VI below the Big Eau Pleine dam.
N1111ber Depth or Total
in Ccr\o- Dtaphan- Lepto- Cal1111- Cyclo- Rotl- Eph1- Oatra- Dates ot ~ ~ ~ da.,hn1a 0!31'Jr.\il ~ Macrothr1x Lff):d1&1& Ch;i::done ~ ~ NauplU potda ~ piale ~ ~ t!!el
Se;t., 197:, 1.0 5.00 1.00 18,00 .52.e8 0,00 o.oo 69,50 o:oo 6.7.5 11.,50 1),00 47,)8 0,00 0,00 2 22.5.01 2.5 11,?5 l.JR 26,.50 16.2.5 0,00 0,00 120,)8 0,00 7,00 7,25 14,62 7,)8 0,00 o.oo 2 211,98 5.0 :;,5.00 2,1'8 21.25 !f,50 0,00 0,00 A9,62 o.oo 17,00 J,12 Jl,75 1.?.5 0,00 0,00 2 196,8?
Eean lJ.75 1.7.5 21,92 24,54 0,00 o.oo 9J,17 o.oo 10.25 7,29 19.79 18.84 0,00 0,00 211.)0
Oct,, 197.l 1,0 J.62 0.62 1.00 79,88 0,00 0,00 29,62 o.oo 2.12 6,50 12.12 11.00 0,62 0,00 2 147,10 2,5 :?,CO 1.25 J,_50 67,00 0,00 O,rlO 61,25 0,00 1.88 4,12 10,75 5,2.5 0,12 o.co 2 157.12 5.0 5,$[l l. ,50 1,,00 45,00 0,00 0,00 )9,50 o.uv 5,75 2,25 15,12 1.12 0,12 0,00 2 120,j_lj•
ex, t:ean J.BJ 1.12 2,8J 6J,96 0,00 0,00 4J,'•6 0.00 J,25 4,?9 12,66 5,79 0,29 0,00 141,48 O'\
:.ov., 197) 1.0 J,J9 0,12 0,00 J0,88 0,00 0,00 5,62 0,00 J.62 0,75 4,?5 .5,88 0,J8 0,00 2 .55,)8 2.5 6.Je 0,00 0,00 J2,BS 0,00 o.oo ?,J8 0,00 4,12 1,00 6,88 2,2.5 0,.50 a.co 2 61,:19 5,0 J,?5 0,00 0,00 JJ, 50 0,00 0,00 J,75 0,00 J,62 0,62 .5-25 2.25 0,00 0,00 2 .52, 74
!'.ean 4,50 o.OI• 0,00 J2.42 · o.co 0,00 5,56 0,00 J,79 0, 79 ..5,6J J,46 0,29 0,00 .56. ,i
!:ec., 197.l !lot Suipled
:.!!"!.,. 1°74 1.0 1.2..5 0,00 0,00 o • .50 0,00 0,00 0, .50 0.00 lJ,00 o. 7..5 2.5, ..50 4,2.5 0,00 0,00 l 4..5,7.5 ~-5 l.00 0,00 0,00 0,75 0,00 o.oo 0,..50 0,00 11,00 1. 50 18 • .50 4,75 0,00 0,00 l :,e.oo 5,0 0 • .50 0.00 0,00 0,25 0,00 0,?5 o. 50 0,00 10.50 1.00 27,00 2, .50 0,00 0,00 1 42, .50
J!ean 0.92 0,00 0,00 0,50 o.oo O,Ofl 0, .50 0,00 11.50 1,08 2J,67 J,8J 0,00 0,00 42,08
Feb., 1974 1.0 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,75 0,00 0,00 0, .50 0,00 5,25 J.15 25,00 7,50 0,00 0,00 1 42,75 2,5 0,,50 0,00 0,00 0,?5 0,00 0,25 0,25 0,00 lf,00 9,75 2J • .50 2,25 0,00 0,00 l 41.2.5 .5,0 2,75 o.oo 0,00 1. .50 0,00 0,00 0,25 o.oo 7,00 2J • .50 40,25 J,00 0,00 0,00 l ?8,2S
!·~ea.n 1,08 0,00 0,00 :!.,00 0,00 0,08 O,JJ 0,00 5,42 12,JJ 29,,58 4,25 0,00 0,00 !i4. 09
"ar,, 1974 1.0 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2.25 11,75 0,,50 O,OQ 0,00 l 14,,50 2,5 0,00 o,co 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 6,25 22.25 0,25 0,00 0,00 l 21'1,7.5 5,0 0,25 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 2.00 12.50 126,75 2.00 0,00 0,00 l 14J,50
J:eiU'l 0,08 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,67 7,00 ..5J,56 0,92 0,00 0,00 62,2.5
APPE-lDIX E continued
':'..13.ble VI (continued) : r-1onthly mean number per liter (#10 Van Dorn) of zooplankton at Site VI below the Big Eau Pleine dam.
lha•ber Depth of Total
in Cerio- Dtnphan- Lepto- Calan- Cyclo- Rot1- Eph1- Oatra- llatq of ~·o~+:.h ~ Daphnta d;;phnia osoma. ~ Macrothrix Le:z:dti;ta Ch:z:dorua ~ ~ NauplU poldn ~ p1nls ~ ~ 1:ecna
Apr,, 19~ !lot S&111pled
:.· .. "!.y. 1()?4 1,0 1.25 0,50 0,00 7, 50 o.oo 0,25 1. 75 0,00 0,00 14,75 58,00 4),25 0,00 o.oo 1 127,25 ~-5 1,00 0,00 0,00 2J,50 0,00 o. 50 0,2.5 0,00 0,25 16,75 87,50 28,00 0,00 0,25 1 1,58,00 5,0 2,75 0,00 0,00 6J,75 0,00 0,00 1,00 0,00 0,00 lJ,75 117,25 1.5.2.5 0,00 0,00 1 21:,. 75
Hean l,G7 0,17 0,00 Jl, .58 0,00 0,25 1.00 0,00 0,08 15.08 87,58 28,BJ 0,00 0,08 166,)2
:~e, 19'?4 1,0 lJ,12 0,12 0,00 8.)8 0,00 0,00 0,62 o.oo 14,12 7,J8 9,62 2.62 0,25 0,00 2 56,2) 2.5 29,75 0,25 0,00 10.25 o.oo 0,00 0,62 0,12 8,88 lJ.25 J5,JB 1.75 0,00 0,00 2 100.25 (X)
5,0 36.JE 0,12 0,00 ll',25 0,00 0,00 0,62 0,00 6,00 10.25 67,62 J,00 0,00 0,00 2 142,2'• --..1
lleR.n 26,42 0,17 0,00 12.29 0,00 0,00 0,62 0,04 9,67 10.29 J?,:!fi 2,46 0,08 0,00 99,58
Jul:,, 19;>!1- 1,0 28,88 0,00 0,00 0,75 0,00 0,00 4,00 0,12 J9,12 6,88 8,00 2J,J8 0,25 0,00 2 91,:,6 2,5 24.~e 0,00 0.25 0.50 •0,00 0,00 4,00 o. 50 17,25 J.88 4,62 25,00 0,00 0,00 2 ao.ea 5,0 ;5,75 0,00 0,00 0,25 0,00 0,00 5,12 0,25 22.62 4,50 9, 50 19,)8 0,25 0.25 2 9?,87
J.:ean 29,f¼ 0,00 0,08 0.50 o.oo 0,00 l1,J7 0,29 19,66 5,09 7,J7 22.59 0,17 0,08 90,04
.\u;,:,, 1974 1.0 J.5,00 O,JJ 21,17 112.JJ 0,00 0,08 64,75 0,08 20,42 16.00 21,00 17.50 0,00 0,00 J ;08,66 2,5 '!}.92 0.25 17 • .:,ll 112.42 0,00 0,08 6),00 0,00 1.5.17 lJ,00 19,8) 11,.50 0,0'3 0,00 J 27?,BJ 5,0 15,0'l O,JJ 5,92 26,00 0,00 0,00 J6 • .50 0,00 10,8) J2.00 111,08 )9,00 0,00 0,17 J 1?9, 91
rcan 25,00 O,JO 11 •• 89 BJ,.58 0,00 0,05 :!fa, 75 O,OJ 15,t17 20,JJ 18,JO 22,67 O,OJ 0,06 255,46
::ert,. 191f !lot SaJ11pled
::ean 1,0 9,15 0,27 4,02 29,J8 0,00 0,0) l?,69 0,02 8,li4 7,05 18.87 16,JJ 0,15 0,00 10 111,liO
Mean 10,71 O,J6 '.l,97 25,011 0,00 0,05 20,J8 0,04 7,98 B,J6 29,57 ll,J6 0,09 0,02 10 ll?,9J
APPENDIX F
~able I: !-1onthly mean number per liter (Van Dorn total) of zooplankton at Site I of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
NIU!ber Dept?i of Total in Cerio- Dl.aph!l.ll- ~- Calan- Cyclo- Roti- Eph1- O•tra- Dato• of
l:ont'i ~ Daphnia c:~1·!1nia 9.E~ ~ Macrothrix Lexd1e;1a Chxdorua ~ ill!_ llaupl11 poida f.m.. pl.ala £2!!!..,_ ~ .!:l!.!!!.~ Sept., 19?) 1.0 0.25 0.25 1.50 1.88 0,00 4,25 J.00 0,00 o.oo 2.25 l.62 162,:,8 0,00 0,00 2 l??,J8
Hean 0.25 0,25 l. 50 1.88 0,00 , •• 25 J.00 0,00 o.oo 2,25 l.62 162,JB 0,00 0,00 l??.)8
Cc~.• 19?J l,O 0,75 o.oo 0,62 7,J8 0,00 l,75 6,62 o.oo O,J8 J,50 4,00 28,12 o.oo 0,00 2 5),12
l•:ean 0,75 0,00 0,62 7,J8 0,00 1.75 6,62 o.oo 0,)8 J,50 4,00 28.12 0,00 0,00 .5J,l2
::0v., 19?) 1,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 1.00 0,25 0,50 J,50 0,00 0,00 0,25 0,25 0,00 0.25 0,00 l 6.00
rean o.oo o.oo 0,00 1.00 0,25 0,50 J. so 0,00 o.oo 0.25 0,25 0,00 0.25 0,00 6,00 (X) (X)
!" ... t::c. • l'l'>'l . ,.,, ttot Sampled
.:r-~ .• ~974 1.0 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,75 o.oo o.oo 0,25 0,00 0,00 0.50 0,?S 1.50 o.oo 0,00 1 J,?5 ~!can o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0.75 0,00 0,00 0,25 o.oo 0,00 0.50 0.?S 1.50 o.oo o.oo J,?5
r, "·, 19?4 1.0 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,25 0,00 0,00 0,25 o.oo 0.12 0,00 1.12 0,81 0,00 0,00 4 2,55 ~ean 0.00 0,00 o.oo 0,25 0,00 0,00 0,25 0,00 0,12 0,00 1.12 0.81 0,00 0,00 2,55
. nr •• 19'?4 1.0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,50 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,75 0.25 0,00 0,00 1 l, 50 1".ean 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0.50 o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,?5 0,25 0,00 0,00 1,50
Afr,, 1974 1.0 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,25 O,?S 0,75 0.25 o.oo 0,00 1 2,00 2.5 o.oo 0,00 o.oo o.oo o.oo 0.25 0.50 0,00 0,00 o. 75 0.50 0,50 o.oo o.oo l 2.50
~!ean o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,12 0,2.5 0,00 0,12 0,75 0,62 O,JB 0,00 0,00 2.25
:-~a.y. 19?4 l.O 101.06 1.62 o.oo lJ0.69 o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,00 o,oo 4?,00 J.5,50 67,19 0,00 o.oo 2 JeJ,06 2.5 n.oo 2.25 0.12 41,62 0,00 0.12 1.50 o.oo o.oo ~.oo 2J,12 J.5,88 o.oo C,00 2 195,61
Mea.n 64,0J 1.94 o.06 86.16 0,00 0,06 0,?5 0,00 o.oo 55,50 29,Jl 51.5) 0,00 0,00 289,84
APPENDIX F continued
Table I (continued) : lb-lthly mean number per liter (Van Dom total) of zooplankton at Site I of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir. -
lluner Depth ., t.ul
1n !im!- !!!E!!!!!- • C&lan-.,.,.._
IIM1- lpld- o.tn.- ht.ee •t ~ Xetffl !!lz!!!!! dP..p."ln1f" QIIO!:l.l. .lut1!la ~11 ~1• Oh!!!duu -- !Bill! ma. ma. IH!I -- .J1l!f !itSI
O::.ir.e, l97'1t 1.0 41•.62 0,62 0,00 1?0,88 0,00 0.12 l,9!J 1,12 Q,12 llt,06 12.00 ?6,.50 0,00 1,19 2 )2),17 2,5 21,)8 J.12 0,12 62,00 0,)8 0,)8 1,12 o.oo 0,.50 12.25 1.5.25 l?,12 0,00 0,25 2 1)),87
l"!ean )J,00 1.88 0,06 116,114 0,19 0,25 1,.5) o.,56 0,)1 1),16 1).62 46,81 0,00 0,72 228,,,.
.'uly, 19;,c. 1.0 12:!,8S l,?5 ?),25 .5,00 o.oo 0,00 8,2.5 0,00 ?,!JJ 185,.50 85,)1 216.6) 0,00 0,00 l 697,12 2,5 70,25 0,15 JJ.,50 1,?.5 o.oo 0,00 l,?5 0,2.5 5,75 190.12 41,62 201,00 0,00 0,00 l ,,,.. 7.5
r.een 100,56 1.25 .5J,J8 ).J8 0,00 0,00 5,00 0,12 6,62 Hl?,81 6),.50 20t',82 0,00 0,00 6)0.114 a: I..C
Aug,, 19;,c. 1,0 ?l,67 26,,58 )8,17 1114,8) o.oo 0,00 J.88,()lj o.oo 1),9' )18,29 100,:,:, 114), 59 0,00 o.oo :, 1,r.5..50 2,.5 J?.46 9,.50 11,)8 20,JO 0,00 o,oo )'Jl,12 0,00 9,J) 295,8J 86,86 199 • .50 o.oo o.oo ) 1061.)0
1'.ean ,., 56 18.04 24,7? 82.5? 0,00 0,00 289,60 0,00 11,6.5 )07,06 9:,,60 )21.,. 0.00 o.oo 120).)9
3e;:t,, 19~ !lot Supled
~'.t?a.!'1 1,0 :,1,02 2,80 10,J2 42,06 0.02 o,60 19,)l 0.10 2,0) .52.01 22,04 90,66 0.02 0,11 11 27).10 Hean 2),01 2.12 ?,Jl 27,26 0,04 0,6) 28.)0 o,06 1,7.5 .51,89 19,01 ;,c.,;,c. 0,02 0,07 11 2)6.21
APPENDIX F continued
Taule II: Monthly mean number per liter (Van Dorn total) of zooplankton at Site II of the Big Eau Pleine aeservoir.
haller Depth of Total in Cerio- Dia.phan- Lepto- Calan- Cyelo- Roti- lphl- Oatra- Dot" of
~ ~ Daphnla daphnla OSOllla l!!!S!!! Muzothg:!x J.e~le!a Ct!ldOru! .!12.a- .w!!_ !!!!1!lll J!!!a fera E!ill ~ Aw'fl !:.wla Se,t,, 197) 1,0 .59.ee 19.12 ,56,12 ?6.:,11 o.oo 0,00 42.5,62 o.oo 19,12 1?7,88 ».12 104,7.5 0,12 o.oo 2 992,11
2,.5 ~.oo 22.:,e 4?,12 :,e,62 0,00 0,00 41).62 0.12 1.5.2, 19',1.5 ltl,)8 ?9,)8 0,12 0,00 2 904,,.. !':ean 5.5,94 20,75 .52,62 .5?,50 0,00 0,00 1119,62 o,06 l?,19 18.5,81 4?,2.5 91,,56 0,12 0,00 948,42
Cct,, 197) 1,0 114,?5 10.2.5 8,7.5 125.2.5 o.oo 0,00 18.5,25 0,00 )l,?.5 5),00 .56,?.5 75,00 o.oo 0,00 l .7)1,2.5 2 • .5 2),25 9,?.5 6,00 4?,?.5 0,00 J,00 19),?.5 0,00 1.5,00 61,50 )l,?5 47,?5 0,00 0,00 l 4)9,50
t'.&&n )4,00 10.00 ?,J8 86,50 0,00 1, .50 189,50 0,00 2),J8 .5?,2.5 ~.2.5 61,:,e 0,00 0,00 51.5,14
::ov., 197) 1.0 ),2.5 0,00 0,00 .55,?.5 0,00 0,00 4,?5 0,00 12,00 )8,75 17,50 129,50 0,00 0,00 l 261,50 '° 2,.5 J,00 0,00 0,00 19,50 0,00 o,oo 5,25 0,00 10,?5 )0,00 l.5,00 )8,?5 0,0(1 0,00 1 122,50 0
r.&M ),12 0,00 0,00 J?,62 0,00 0,00 5,00 0,00 11.:,e Y•,38 16,2.5 84,12 o.oo 0,00 191,!7
t-.c,, 1973 1.0 J,00 0,00 0,00 1.5.50 0,00 0,00 1,2.5 0,00 6,00 46,50 19.00 1)6,2.5 0,00 0,00 1 2??,,0 2.5 2,25 0,00 0,00 11,?.5 b,oo o.oo 2,50 0,00 4,?.5 116,?5 19,?5 114,,50 0,25 0,00 1 192,00
!lean 2.62 0,00 0,00 1),62 0,00 o.oo 1,88 0,00 5,)8 46,62 19,)8 125,JB 0,12 0,00 215,00
-"·"·• 191+ 1.0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,2.5 0,00 o,oo 0,2.5 0,00 0,00 0,2.5 1,00 2.25 0,00 0,00 1 4,00
!•:ean 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,2.5 0,00 0,00 0,2.5 0,00 0,00 0,25 1.00 2,2.5 o,oo 0,00 4,00
Fet,, 191+ 1,0 O,C6 0,00 0,00 0,19 0,00 0,00 0,19 0,00 o.oo 0,06 1,69 0,81 0,12 0,00 ,. :,.12 ►:e1111 0,06 0,00 0,00 0,19 0,00 0,00 0,19 o.oo 0,00 0,06 1,69 0,81 0,12 o.oo J,12
~:a.r., 191+ 1,0 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,2.5 o.oo 0,00 0.50 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0.7.5 1.2.5 o • .,. 0..00 1 l.JS r-:ean o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,2.5 0,00 0,00 0,50 0,00 o.oo 0.00 0,7.5 1.2.5 0.50 0,00 :,,2.5
A:,r,, 19'}4 Not Sa111pled
APPENDDC F continued
Table II (continued): J'tk>nthly mean number per liter (Van Dorn total) of zooplankton at Site II of the Dig Eau Pleine Reservoir.
IIUllber tetith of Total in Cerio- ~- Le2to- Calan- Cyclo- Roll- EJ,h1- Oatra- Dates or
~ ~ Dathnla daphn1a O!IOffla !2!!!!!! My:rothrb Lezd1g1a Ch~oJ'lle !!!?.IL .2!5.-- !Wl!1 l!9liL !w.. Jl!lil .!!B._ ·-·· f.iw!I
:'ay, 1974 1,0 51.)2 1,88 0,00 17,69 0,00 O,J8 0,75 0,00 l,J8 288.6) 168,06 512,Jl 0,00 0,00 2 10'12,40 2,5 29,62 0,?5 0,12 ?,J8 0,00 0,12 0,62 0,00 1.00 2)0,19 142,?5 41),06 0,00 0,00 2 825,61 5.0 25,50 0,?5 0,12 7,00 0,00 0,00 o • .50 0,00 0,12 J09, .50 61,06 .:,64,44 0,00 0,00 2 768.99
!'!ean J5,4B 1,12 0,08 10,69 0,00 0,16 0,62 0,00 0,8J 276,11 12:,,96 429,94 0,00 0,00 8711,99
Ju_!\e, 1974 1,0 9J,OO J,.50 0,?5 24,62 o.oo 0,12 20,44 0,25 4,75 60,12 )f+.06 1n.94 0,00 0,00 2 41),5.5 \0 2,5 J9,J9 1.50 0,12 17,?5 0,00 0,75 24,12 0,25 2,7.5 69,00 28,00 229,J?. 0,00 0,00 2 412,94 ~ ;.o t.JB 9,50 a.co 6,75 0,00 0,00 2,81 0,00 2.12 121,)8 16,00 45,J2 0,00 0,00 2 210,26 ~!ean 46,25 4,8) 0.29 16.)8 0,00 0.29 15,79 0,16 J,21 8),.50 26,02 146,66 0,00 o.oo )45,.58
July, 1974 1,0 15.25 0.25 19,75 7,75 o.oo 0,00 5,25 o.oo 10 • .50 2)11, 50 52,)7 186,75 0,00 0,00 1 5J2.J7 2,5 11,00 0,00 1),.50 9,75 o.oo o.oo 9,25 0.25 10.75 192,50 16,.50 1611,00 0,00 0,00 1 417 • .50 5,0 P.,25 4,50 1,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,00 2.25 512.00 16.00 2,6J 0,00 0,00 l S46,fJ
• l·'.ea.n ll, .50 1.58 11.42 5,8J 0,00 0,00 4,8) o.oe 7,6) )09,67 28,29 117,79 0,00 0,00 499,!!2
>.u;:;., !974 1,0 25,16 0.56 )Ii. 56 66,67 0,00 0,00 97,42 0,16 15.2.5 162,56 16,04 66,JJ 0,00 0,00 :, 5l'lt,77 2.5 22.oP, 0,75 41,25 Jl.00 0,00 0,00 7),J? 0,08 lJ,79 J05,?l 22,00 61,JJ 0,00 0,00 J 571,)6 5.0 JJ.17 6.42 26,00 7,71 0,00 0,00 65,21 0,00 1e.aa 48J,04 27,29 8J,79 0,08 0,00 J ?51.59
Hean 26,81 2.,58 JJ,94 J5,1J 0,00 0,00 78,6? 0,08 15.97 )17,ll 21,78 77,15 O,OJ 0,00 609,25
Sei;t., 1911 !fot Saapled
~·ea.."l 1,0 26,88 J,23 10.90 )5,48 0,00 0,04 67,42 0,04 9,16 96,57 :,8,21 127,92 0,07 0,00 11 i.1.5,92 ~:ean 19.62 J,?1 9,61 211,00 0,00 0,18 6.5.17 O,OJ 7, ?'+ 119,16 :,0,06 10),68 0,08 0,00 11 Jt'J,04
APPBJDIX F continued
~able III: '.•1onthly mean number per liter (Van ::Jorn total) of zooplankton at Site III of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
Nu•l-.r Depth of Total
1n Cerio- Dia'lhan- Lepto- Calan- Cyclo- Roti- Eph1- Oatra- Date■ of ~ !!.!.!!! D&phnia c!np~n1a oso,a ~ Hacrothr1x Lezd1t!:1a Ch~dorua ~ ~ llaupl11 R2.!!!!... ~ plaln coda ~ ~
~e:,t,, 197.l 1.0 ,511,!!8 .5,7.5 4),7.5 .56,44 0,00 0,00 J.50,00 0,00 12.2.5 112,94 20,62 7.l,00 0,00 0,00 2 729.6) 2,5 52,25 7,62 5:,00 26.2.5 0,00 0,00 1142,62 0,12 15,00 12), 50 29,J8 75,25 0,00 0,00 2 e24,99
~'.ean 5J,56 6,69 J.8,)8 41.J4 0,00 0,00 J96,Jl 0,06 lJ,62 118.22 25.00 ?4,12 0,00 0,00 m,JO
C-:~., 197.l 1,0 60,75 6,7.5 8,00 126,50 0,00 0,00 lAJ,25 0,00 46,7.5 60,00 .50, 7.5 ?A, .50 0,2.5 0,00 1 621,2.5 2.5 J::..50 5.25 12.00 6/l, 50 0,00 0,00 lBJ, 50 0,00 lJ,25 5J,25 21,7.5 82,25 0,25 0,00 1 471, 75
liea.n 46,12 6,00 10,00 97,50 0,00 0,00 18J,J8 0,00 J0,00 .56,62 J6,25 eo.:,e 0.25 0,00 ,51,6,?.4 \,D
1,0 0,00 0,00 9,25 0,00 0,00 9,.50 0,00 lJ,25 •5,75 5,50 4,75 0,00 o.oo 1 .5J,OO "' :~ov. • 197.l 5, .50 2,5 5,25 o.oo 0,00 9,50 0,00 0,00 6, 50 0,00 9 • .50 5,75 4,2.5 J,7.5 0,00 o.oo 1 44.2.5
Eean .5,Je 0,00 0,00 9,JB 0,00 o.oo A,00 0,00 11.)8 5. 7.5 4,88 4,25 0,00 0,00 49.0:?
:ec._ 197) 1.0 .5.00 0,00 o.oo J,7.5 0,00 0,00 1.00 0,00 9, .50 lJ,.50 6.00 J6.2.5 0,00 0,00 1 7.5.00 2,5 4,25 0,00 o.oo 5,.50 0,00 0,00 2.7.5 0,00 11,00 22.2.5 10.00 Jl..50 0,00 0,00 1 f7,2.5
;~t?an 4,62 0,00 0,00 l1,62 0,00 0,00 1,88 0,00 10.2.5 17,118 8,00 JJ,88 0,00 0,00 e1.1:,
·'"·"•. 107 .. 1.0 0.50 0,00 0,00 2 • .50 0,00 0,00 18,75 0,00 10.2.5 9,00 29,2.5 98,7.5 0,2.5 0,00 l 169,2.5 1-'.ean c,,.50 0,00 0,00 ;>,.50 0,00 0,00 18,7.5 0,00 10,2.5 9,00 29,25 98,7.5 0,25 0,00 169,25
F£·'t. • 1974 1,0 0,00 0,00 0.25 0.8J 0,00 0,00 1,67 0,00 O,JJ 0,17 4,17 1.00 0,00 0,00 J 8,42 ?~ean 0,00 0,00 0.25 0,8J 0,00 0,00 1,67 0,00 0,JJ 0,17 4,17 1,00 0,00 0,00 e,,,2
~:a.r .. 1974 1.0 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.25 o.oo o.oo 0,00 1 0,2.5 liean o.oo 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,25 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,2.5
Afr,, 1974 1.0 0.2.5 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,7.5 0,00 0,00 J,.50 0,7.5 1.50 o.oo 0,00 1 6,75 l':ean 0,2.5 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,7.5 0,00 0,00 J,.50 0.15 1 • .50 0,00 0,00 6,75
APPENDIX F continued
':'able III (continued) : Monthly mean number per liter (Van Dorn total) of zooplankton at Site III of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
Nuaber Depth of Total
!.n Cerl.o- D1arhan- Lepta- Calan- Cyolo- Rot1- Ei,hi- Oatra- Date■ ot ~ !-'.~t.~?"'!J ~ d~.1,hnia oscna Boaioina Hacrothrix Le,Xdi,ia Ch.xdorua ~ .2l!!L. tlaupl 11 P.2!£!... !!a. p1ala ~ Ava'd J:eana
fay, 19~ 1,0 68.50 J,50 0.12 7,62 0,00 0,00 1,lill o.oo J,00 225.00 1:,e.87 101,18 0.25 o.oo 2 ,.9.i.6 2.5 61.00 0.12 0.12 2,?5 0,00 0,00 O,JB 0,00 2,86 1112.62 10.5,82 141.62 0,00 0,00 2 7,'?,Jl 5.0 J?,PA 0,50 o.oo 1.62 0,00 o.oo 0,25 o.oo 1.12 47J,06 ?9,56 129.69 0,12 0,00 2 ?lfl,80
1':ean :,..12 l.J8 0,08 4,00 o.oo 0,00 o.69 0,00 2,4) J?0.22 108,0B 124,l? 0,12 0,00 66.5,21
Jur.e, 1974 1,0 75,00 1.50 0,12 25,JB 0,00 o. 12 18.68 0,25 27,2.5 76,)2 J0.82 2JJ,00 0,12 0,00 2 41!A,56 2.5 46.}'l 0,25 0.12 10.06 0,00 0,00 8,J2 2.00 14.25 50,50 lJ,50 86,J2 0,00 0,00 2 2Jl,?O 5,0 20,PS 0,62 o.oo 1.2.5 0,00 0,00 1,25 O,Jfl 6,00 6) • .50 8,J8 19,.50 0,00 0,00 2 121.76
"' ~'.ean 4?,11;> 0.?9 0,08 12.2J 0,00 0,()11 9.42 o.eo 15,8) 5),44 1?,.56 112,94 o.04 0,00 29Cl,6? v
~~:!.y, 19?4 1.0 20 • .50 o.oo 1.00 6.50 o.oo 0,00 J,6J o.oo 16.lJ 159.25 )9,00 259 • .50 0,00 0,00 1 .50 5, 50 2.5 17,00 0,50 n.2.5 l.?5 0,00 o.oo 1.00 0,2.5 8,00 192.00 lJ,50 124;!0 o;oo o.oo 1 JU.25 5.0 lJO. 2 5 J,?5 1..50 0.50 0,00 0,00 o.oo o.oo 5,75 156.12 l?,?5 19.50 o.oo 0,00 1 JJ5. lJ
l:ean 55.92 1,42 J.,58 2,92 o.oo o.oo 1.,. 0,08 9,96 169.12 2),42 1)4. 50 o.oo o.oo 402,46
i-'.lf:_. I l??t+ 1.0 2r..25 0.25 J2,50 78.62 o.oo o.oo 25.25 0.12 12,JO 2JJ.50 24.69 47,50 0,00 0,00 2 4AJ,06 '.', 5 ;~.(\(:, o.oo J0.44 66.00 0,00 o.oo 29.25 0.50 11.12 220.J'l J?,00 J9.t-8 0,00 0,00 2 4(6, 1? 5,0 i<6.~'l 0.12 15,62 ?,?5 0,00 0,00 2,?5 0.12 14,88 2411. ?5 ?.5,J2 21,69 o.oo 0,(10 2 419,es
rean 4';'.C4 0,12 :>6.19 50,79 0,00 o.oo 19.08 0.25 12,?9 2J2,ea 29,00 J6,29 0,00 o.oo 456,4J
:.e:,t., 1974 1.0 J2, .50 0,00 .5J,75 159,50 0,00 0,00 165,JB 0,25 19,?5 150,88 11.25 .59,25 0,00 0,00 1 652,50 ?.5 4C'.?5 o.oo 70,50 1?4.?5 o.oo 0,00 20),.50 0,25 16,40 1.54.25 14,00 149,ee o.oo 0,00 1 e::>4,25 5,t' 1: .• 7;" 0,:?.5 41.25 20.50 0,00 0,00 112.50 0,00 1.25 128.50 .5,JO .54, lJ 0.00 o.oo l J8?,50
Y.~ean J0,6? 0,0'3 55,17 119.25 0,00 o.oo 160,46 0,16 14,lJ 1114, .9• 10,21 87,7.5 o.oo o,oo 621,i.2
~-e~n 1,0 ?.7,0.5 l,J6 10,?J )6,68 0,00 0.01 .59,9.5 0,05 lJ,14 80.?5 27,84 76,48 0,07 0,00 lJ ))4,11
~:ea.n 26,?4 1.27 11.06 26,49 0,00 0,00 61.07 0,11 10.07 91,64 22,8) 60,7) 0.0.5 o.oo l) 312.06
APPENDIX F continued
Table DI: Monthly mean number per liter (Van Dorn total) of zooplankton at Site Nin the Big Eau Pleine ~eservoir.
llunbar Depth ot Total
1n Cerio- Dl11phan- Lepto- CalQn- Cyclo- Rot1- lph1- O■tn- Dde■ of ~ ~ D.-rhnia. darhn1a 0$01"1:'..'. ~ Macrothr1x Lot!!1e;ta Ch,ldonia ~ ~ Naupl11 po1cta ~ plnla ~ ~ !•:ear.a
Sept,, 197.l 1.0 4?,62 J,2.5 24,2.5 142.,50 0,00 0,00 182,12 I
62,62 lJ,62 0,00 1.5,00 ?6,.5() 0,00 0,00 2 S'?.47 2 • .5 ,5.'3.25 O,J8 41,62 lJ0,7.5 0,00 0,00 220.2.5 o.oo lJ, )13 85,62 lJ,00 64,.50 O,JS o.oo 2 62e.r, .5.0 lil,J/3 ?,75 4?,.50 1J.J8 o.oo 0,00 22),2.5 0.12 5,J8 114,62 9,62 41.62 0,00 0,00 2 499,62
l·!ean 49.08 2.12 J?,79 95.~ 0,00 o.oo 206.~ 0,04 11,2.5 94,29 12,06 60.es 0.12 0,00 .571, 7.l
Cct., 197J 1,0 19,7.5 J,2.5 .5,75 44,2.5 0,00 0,00 87,25 0,00 1::,.00 49,00 1.5,.50 17,7.5 0,,50 0,00 1 2.57,7.5 2,5 Jl.:.>5 J,75 17,75 61,25 0,00 0,00 11•9. 75 0,00 9, .50 111.7.5 lJ,75 Jl•,50 0,00 0,00 l r)-50 5,0 15.50 ?,00 16.00 15,50 0,00 0,00 25), 50 o.oo 8,00 52, 50 2),7.5 25.00 0,75 0,00 l 22, .50
\0 ~!ean 22,l? J,00 lJ,l? 40,JJ 0,00 0,00 16),.50 0,00 10,1? 4?.?.5 1?,6? 25,?5 0,42 0,00 )4),9) J:a
:;ov. • 197) 1.0 15.00 0,00 0,00 11.00 0,00 0,00 1,75 0,00 7,.50 9,00 4,.50 21,7.5 0,2.5 o.oo l 90,7.5 2,5 6,50 0,00 0,00 28,00 0,00 0,00 11,00 0,00 .5 • .50 11.50 4,.50 26,00 0,00 o.oo 1 e6.oo 5,0 J,?5 0,00 0,00 5,75 0,00 o.oo l1,.50 0,00 2 • .50 14,25 4,00 11.50 0,00 o.oo l 46,2.5
~:ean ~.112 0,00 0,00 21.58 0,00 0,00 J,42 0,00 .5,1? ll,.5fl '•.JJ 19,7.5 0,08 o.oo -,,,..::n !,-,c,, 197J 1,0 2,?5 0,00 o.oo ?,25 0,00 0,00 J • .50 0,00 10, .50 4,2.5 6,.50 10.2.5 0,2.5 0,00 1 4~.2.5
2.5 ?. ? 5 0,00 (),00 26,?5 0,00 0,2.5 8,00 0,00 111,00 21,?5 ?,75 76,?5 0,00 0,00 1 U?,75 5,0 5. 75 0,00 o.oo 6.50 0,00 0,00 5,00 0,00 10,00 lJ.?.5 8,25 29,25 0.25 0,00 l 7'3, ?5
l'.ean 5.2.5 0,00 0,00 lJ. 50 0,00 0,08 5,.50 0,00 11.,50 lJ,25 ?SJ J8,75 0,1? o.oo 95 • .50
~an., 19';'4 1.0 0,25 0,00 0,00 2,00 0,00 0,00 J,7.5 0,00 J,00 ?,2.5 ?,7.5 J24,50 0,00 0,00 1 )48,5') 2.5 0.50 o.oo 0,00 2.25 0,00 0,00 0,2.5 o.oo 2.25 28,00 lJ,7.5 l\2,,50 0,00 0,00 1 129 • .50
~ean 0. Je o.oo o.oo 2.12 0,00 0,00 2,00 0,00 2.62 17,62 10,?.5 20),.50 0,00 o.oo 2)9,00
Fe1',, 19~ 1,0 0,12 0,00 0,00 0,12 0,00 0,2.5 0,88 0,00 2,00 l,!18 59,62 19,J8 0,12 0,00 ) PA,)8
~'.l?M 0,12 (1,00 0,00 0,12 o.oo 0,2.5 0,88 0,00 2,00 1,88 .59,62 19,J8 0,12 o.oo ~.J8
Ya.r., 19~ 1.0 0,00 o.oo 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0,12 0.2.5 0,00 0.2.5 0,1?. 2fl. 7.5 0,12 0,00 l.~ 2 )1,2) 2 • .5 0,00 (1,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 o • .50 1,00 0,2.5 o.oo 0,00 l l,7.5
~'.ean 0,00 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,06 0.12 o.oo 0,12 O,Jl 14,88 0,18 0,00 0,81 16.48
.APPENDIX F continued
':'able N (continued) : Monthly mean number per liter (Van Dom total) of zooplankton at Site Nin the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
Nu-.ter Depth or Total
in Cerio- D1aphan- I.epto- Calan- Cyclo- !loti- Bphl- Oetn- Dnt.n or ~ ~ Daphn1a dr,phniA ooor.ta ~ 11ncrothr1x 1.eXd1e,1a Chzdol!!! !!2.!L. !'.!!!!_ N1111plH J.!2!!!!.. !!.a. E!!!! .£!W.L ~ •~:w,
Arr,, 1974 l,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 8,75 1.00 l,00 0,00 0,00 1 10,7.S 2,5 0,?5 (1,(10 11,25 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 8,?.5 1,00 1.00 0,2.5 0,00 1 11.~ 5,c 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 5,25 1,50 1.00 0,00 0,00 1 7,?.5
~:ean 0,01' o.oo o,oc 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 7,58 1,17 1.00 0,08 0,00 10,00
;.Jy, 1974 1.0 69,Y.I 0,)8 (1,00 1 • .50 0,00 0,00 0.12 0,00 1, .50 J0.5,111 164.62 12),62 0,00 0,00 2 6~.9) 2.5 J~ . .n[l o.oo 0,00 1.00 0,00 o.r,o O,J8 0,00 1.62 JJ8,P.2 lOJ,94 1011,74 0,00 0,00 2 59),)8 5,0 34.~8 0,62 0,12 0,88 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 O,J8 l120,J2 85,Jl AJ,Al 0,00 0,00 2 6"U,)2
f.:ean 47,?1 O,JJ 0,()1; 1,12 0,00 0,00 0,17 0,00 1,1? )54,911 117.96 10.5,39 0,00 0,00 62P.,e7 IJ) u,
Jure, 1974 1,0 Ph,25 o • .50 0,12 7,12 0,00 0,00 )0,76 0,88 ?.l,7.5 64 • .50 24,5(, 21),56 0,00 0,00 2 44!',(I() ?.,5 25.11 0,1? 0,00 O,A8 0,00 0,00 2,.50 0,12 ?9,69 5),69 10,:,2 JP., .50 0,00 0,00 2 16-1!.9'• 5,0 1J.J2 0,12 0,00 0 • .50 0,00 o.oo o,M 0,12 20,)8 92,i.1. 19,l14 J2,A8 0,00 0,00 2 17'9,RB
!•:can 1,IJ,llJ 0,2.5 0,OI• ?,BJ ·o.oo 0,00 ll,J8 0,J8 2),94 70,21 20.77 94,98 o.oo 0,00 26.5,61
Ju\1, 19~ 1.0 l~.75 0,00 1,7.5 ;>, 50 0,00 0,00 l,?.5 0,00 42,88 186,2.5 26,6) 202,)7 0,00 0,00 1 4!11,f:l? ::, ,5 J?,75 0,00 '.?-,75 1.50 o.oo 0,00 0.25 0,00 110,00 146, 75 11.7.5 J] '.50 o.oo 0,00 1 268,2.5 5,0 29,50 0,00 0,00 0.50 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 16,7.5 1.57.00 7,6J 11,.50 0,00 0,00 1 222,P.8
f.:ean 27,00 0,00 1,8:, 1..50 0,00 0,00 o • .50 0,00 )J,21 16).J) 1.5,)4 81,79 0,00 o.oo )24,,50
Au~., 19?'• 1,0 }'!,)) o.oe )5,25 55.se 0,00 .5,00 18,Be 0,00 19,42 2)9,79 61.25 42,46 0,00 o.oo J ,516,04 ;>,5 :'h.9? 0,00 ;>9,9;> J5.08 o.oo 0,00 26.)7 0,16 11,51 19?,62 48,25 42,.50 o,oo o.oo :, 4:.>6,)2 5,0 )2,00 O,JJ 24,17 (,,O!J o.oo 0,00 18,2,5 0,16 11,2.5 21'1,lJ 16,54 44,5'• 0,00 0,00 J JG7,45
f!e.ll'! Js.oe 0,14 29,?6 )2,25 o.oo l,67 21.17 0,11 14,06 217,18 112,01 4),17 0,00 0,00 4)6, ?2
Se;'t •• 1974 !lot Sampled
~'.e:1.n 1,0 211,6e 0,62 5,59 24,48 0,00 0,45 27,,. 0,07 11,40 79,94 )4,.52 87,77 0.09 0,14 12 297,29 f1eM 19.613 0,49 6,89 17,.57 0,00 0,17 )4,76 0,04 9,60 8),)) 2?,0l .57,88 0,08 0,07 12 257,57
APPE:IDIX F continued
'l'able V: Monthly mean number per liter (Van Dorn total) of zooplanlrton at Site V 1n the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
lfUllbar De;;ith or Total
1!! Ce:::-10- Dbrh'ln- Lepto- Cala.n- Cyclo- Rot1- iph1- Oat.ra.- Dates of ~:o~th ~ ~ c.nnhn1a O!j,OHa ~ M11crothrix Lezd!e;ia Chl'.dorua ~ .!!,!E.!_ tlaupl11 ~ !m.. ll!!! ~ ~ ~:eana
Se!)t,, 197) 1,0 Jl,50 0,12 Jl.25 54,62 o.oo o.oo 2J7, 50 0.25 17.75 65,50 12.25 80.62 o.oo 0,00 2 5)1.)6 2.5 25,0!l 0,)8 46,25 2?,25 0,00 0,00 212.25 0,00 8.00 4),00 9,75 ~.25 0,00 o.oo 2 4:,7.01 5.0 J6.12 0,62 53,50 2.50 0,00 0,00 )JP.,62 O,J8 2.86 ?!I. 62 5,62 ,56.ee 0,00 0,00 2 575.~
10.0 J.9,00 2,00 55,75 7,25 0,00 o.oo 1,27 • .50 o.oo 1,25 ?7,?5 21.25 48,75 lJ,25 0,00 1 ?0),25 ~:ea.n )5,62 0,?8 46.69 22,90 · 0,00 0,00 JOJ,97 0,16 7,47 66,09 12.22 62,62 J,Jl 0,00 ,561.8)
Cct., 19?) 1,0 25,P8 1,62 1).6?. 20.00 0,00 0.12 185,JB 0,00 11,88 26.75 19,12 19,00 0.25 0,00 2 )21,62 2.5 ;:;,<,,12 7,25 7.,J8 20,88 0,00 o.ou 105,62 0,00 12,00 JO.SO 20,6?. 19,.50 0,00 0,00 2 ))4,97 5.0 2fi,OO 0,75 l?,J!l 211.ea 0,00 0,1)0 190,flll 0,00 9,25 25,25 17,00 . 17,00 0,00 0,00 2 J2),J9 ?,5 ',?I.,()() 0,50 2?, 75 23.00 0,00 o.oc, ~'90.? 5 0,25 9,00 J0,?.5 19,()0 ~'). 75 o.oo 0,00 l 448,75 \.0
O'I l'.ean 25, 50 2,.SJ 12.2e 22.19 o.oo O,OJ 215, 5) 0,06 10,.SJ 28,19 18,94 21,Jl 0,06 o.oo )57.15
::ov., 197J 1.0 10, 50 0,00 o.oo 20.25 o.oo o.oo 5,75 0,00 10.25 2,75 5,75 4,?5 o.oo 0,00 1 59,SO 2 • .5 10,00 0,?.5 0,00 )2,00 ~.oo o.oo 6,25 0,00 9,7.5 2.00 12.25 lJ,00 o. 50 0,00 1 ('6,00 5.0 li,25 0,00 o.oo 19,25 0,00 o.oo 8.00 o.oo 10.75 9,25 7,00 14,75 0,?.5 0,00 1 n.so
?'.en..~ ')._511 0,08 o.oo ;>J.8J 0,00 0,00 6,67 0,00 10.2.5 4,67 e.J:, 10,67 0,2.5 0,00 ~.66
tee,, 197) l.O J,75 0,00 o.oo 7,50 0,00 0,00 l,?5 0,00 .5,00 11,75 2,75 9,00 0,00 0,00 l 4).00 2.5 5.00 o.oc 0,00 9.50 0,00 0,00 2,2.5 0,00 7,75 16.SO 4,75 2J,25 0,00 0,00 l 69.co 5,0 6,25 0,00 0,00 14 • .50 0,00 o.oo J,25 0,00 10,75 9,50 7,25 14, .50 o.oo 0,00 1 66,00 7.5 J~. 50 0,00 0,00 5,00 0,00 0,00 5.25 o.oo 2,25 16.25 5,25 9.25 0,00 o.oo 1 "8,25
t:ttnn 11,87 0,00 0,00 9,12 0,00 0,00 J,00 0,00 6,114 lJ,.50 4,75 14,00 0,00 o.oo ,Se.68
Jan,, 19-.,,. 1,0 1.50 o.oo 0,00 0,75 0,00 0.110 O,SO 0,00 6,SO )6.25 51,25 )J,75 0,00 0,00 1 1)0.~ 2,.5 :? • 50 0,00 0,00 2.25 0,00 0,00 o.oo o.oo 6 • .50 2B,OO J2,75 19,25 (1,00 o.oo l 9l,75
t'.eM 2,00 0,00 0,00 1 • .50 0,00 0,00 0.25 o.oo 6 • .50 )2,12 42,00 26,.50 0,00 0,00 llo.t'7
Fe~., 19~ 1.0 1.50 0,00 0,00 0,67 0,00 0,4? 0,17 0,00 7,17 J?,00 51,42 JS.92 0,2.5 0,00 ) l)lt.52 2,5 0, 5-q 0,00 0,00 o. _so o.oo 0.08 0,17 0,00 2,67 22.2.5 28,SO 18,42 0,17 0,00 J ?J.Jlt
?~ea.n 1.04 0,00 o.oo o. 58 0,00 0.25 0,17 o.oo 4,92 29,6) 39.96 ?.7, 17 0,21 0,00 10J,9J
APPENDIX F continued.
':'able V (continued) : i•1onthly mean number per liter (Van Dorn total) of zooplankton at Site V in the big Eau Pleine Reservoir.
ll1111ber Depth of Total
~n Cerio- !H~;,han- l.epto- Calan- Cyclo- Rot1- Eph1- Oatra- Datea of !:o~t~ ~ ~ dar'in111. O~O'i:-t. ~ Macrothr1x Le,ld181.a Ch,ldorus ~ ill!._ llaupl11 polda !!!!L p1ala ~ ~ ~
''..:..r,, l9?4 1,0 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,12 o.bo 0.-00 J.)8 26.12 11,2.5 0,00 0,00 2 40,87 2.5 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.12 0,00 o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,00 2,25 J.88 2,88 o.oo o.oo 2 9,1'.l 5,0 0,00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,25 o.oo o.oo 0,50 lJ,75 0,75 0,00 0,00 1 15.25
Mean 0,00 0,00 0,00 o.04 0,00 0,00 0.12 0,00 0,00 2,04 14,59 11,96 0,00 o.oo ?1.~
.\;!" •• 1974 1.0 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,25 0,00 0,?.5 16.,50 0,7.5 J,00 o.oo o.oo l ;>0,75 2,5 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,2.5 0,00 0,00 o,;,5 0,00 0,00 16.25 J,25 J,25 o.oo 0,00 l 2).25 5,0 (1,('I) 0,00 0,00 o.oo o.oo (\,00 0,00 0,00 o.oo 25,50 2,75 4,25 0,00 0,00 1 J2.5() '.',5 o,co 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 1.0.50 1.00 .5,25 0,00 0,00 1 16.75
\0 ~:ean 0,('0 0,(.1(.1 0,00 0,06 o.oo o.oo 0,12 0,00 0,06 17, 19 1.911 J,9'• o.oo 0,00 2~.Jl ....J
:•·~y. 10?4 l.0 56,62 o,:,A 0,00 O,J8 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 1.25 J29,75 J29.9'-• 96,t'l o.oo 0,00 2 815,1) ?,5 4J,C'O 0,12 0,00 0,25 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 l,Jll J,58,81 :,,i.44 16J.68 0,12 0,00 2 92,5,(lO 5,0 10.;,5 0.12 o,Je 0,62 o.oo o.oo 0,00 o.oo O,J8 297,00 ~06.~ eo,75 0,00 o.oo 2 7(15,114
10.0 (,.;8 0,00 0.12 0.12 0,00 0,00 0.25 0,00 o.:,a 1220.62 27J,69 89,18 0,62 0,00 2 1590. 7'1 roan J1,Jl 0.16 0,12 0,:,4 o.oo 0,00 0,06 0,00 0,8.5 551,.9• Jl7,25 107,60 0,18 o.oo 10('9,lil
->-~~. 19-;t. 1,0 29,t? 0,00 0,00 0,75 0,00 0,00 8,25 0,25 Jl,82 69,62 19,69 811,00 0,12 o.oo 2 244, 12 :2.5 .,.., "'l,0 .... .,,._ 0,12 0,00 1.12 0,00 o.oo 5, J2 0,12 J2,J8 72,!6 12,82 56,81 c.oo o.oo 2 20~.~J 5,0 15 .. 50 0,00 0,00 o • .so 0,00 0,00 0.62 0,12 JJ,62 55.12 15,J8 4.J~ 0,00 0,00 2 125,21,
lD,O 2G, 0 ~ 0,00 0,00 0.62 0,00 o.oo O,J8 0,00 lJ, 50 145,50 26,91• 7,1,i. 1,62 0,00 2 222.e9 f:ea.n 21.. eJ1 0,0J 0,00 0, 7.5 0,00 o.oo J,64 0,12 27.8J 85,70 18,70 :,e.oJ 0,114 0,00 200.09
July, 1974 1.0 ll,2.5 o.oo 0.25 0.15 o.oo o.oo 2 • .50 0,00 26,,50 160,50 2J,7.5 682.87 0,00 0,00 l e9~.:,1 2.5 ~.25 o.oo 0,50 0,25 o.oo 0,00 8,12 0,00 49,50 1:,4.88 10.,50 242,00 o.oo 0,00 1 4.55.00 5,0 10, '.'5 0,00 0,00 o • .50 0,00 o.oo 1, ,50 0,00 J9,2.5 7.5,J7 6,2.5 ,56. 50 o.oo 0,00 1 190,lJ
10,0 0,75 o.oo 0,25 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0.?.5 0,2.5 1.00 2,75 0,25 4,25 0,75 0,75 l 11,75
J'.ea..'\ f.00 0,00 0,25 O.J~ 0,00 o.oo 2,97 o,06 29,06 9J,)8 10.19 246.40 0.19 0.19 :m.01
APPE:~uIX F continued
TaLle V (continued): Monthly mean number per liter (Van Dorn total) of zooplankton at Site V in the 131g Eau Pleine Reservoir.
Nu:iber Dc:,t~ of Total
!.~ Corio- ~- 1'l11to- Colan- Cyclo- Rot1- Sph1- Oatra- D&t.ee or '.'.ot.t~ ~ !l:i-,hn1a d~'1Lnta O~Cr:"11. ~ M.-.crothrlx Le:Lrttrtl\ Ch;rc!on1a ~ ~ Naupl11 polda ££!!... p1ale ~ ~ ill£,.!
J..·..:.;::., 1974 1.0 211.62 o.oo 11,?5 26.19 0,00 0,(10 7,75 0,25 5),Jfl 150,82 41,Jll JA, 50 0,00 0,00 2 J~.14 ?, 5 1,2.6:> o,or l':'.00 15.12 o.oo o.oo l1,)8 0,12 22, 50 141,2.5 2.5,12 2.5,12 0,00 0,00 2 29.5,2) 5. (• .,..., -,Q 0,00 ?;.75 6,00 o.oo 0.00 l1,(JJ1 o.oo 10,62 169.19 21,56 15,75 0,1? o.oo 2 2?J,Pl ._._ . ..,,
10.0 21).P? 0,00 l:',fi? 2.12 0,00 o.oo 2, 50 o.oo 8.50 14J,69 lA,19 12,81 0,12- 0,00 2 ?':'?,)?
~:~i'.."1 2<:.ll o.oo 15. 78 12.J6 o.oo 0,00 11,89 0,09 2J.7.5 l.51,21f 26,.56 2).04 0,06 o.oo 286.~8
:::""rt •• !.911 1.0 ;19.:.>5 o.oo 27,:.>5 lJJ,00 - 0,00 o.oo lJ9.?5 o. 50 )4,00 119,8? 17,50 55'1,lJ 0,00 0,00 1 1061•,2.5 I!
?.5 l,J~ •., 5 o.oo l?.00 9J,OO 0,00 o.oo £'2.00 o.oo J?,75 68,62 .5,00 1911,00 0,00 0,00 1 5)7,12 0:
5.0 t9.00 0,00 29,;,5 J6,75 o.oo o.oo 60, 75 l.?5 111.25 81.60 ?,25 48.?5 0,00 0,00 l )4J,A.5 10.0 47,25 o.oo 2),50 J,7.5 o.oo 0,00 11,7.5 o.oo 4,5,25 647,00 7,lJ 128,)8 0,00 0,25 l 9111,2.5
?~ea.n ,50. 06 o.oo 74,25 66,6?. 0,00 0,00 7),114 0.56 Jl. .56 279,27 7,97 2)1.19 0,00 0,06 '.7].4,98
Le.:~ 1.0 lA.15 0,16 6,0.5 20,)7 0,00 O,OII 115,28 0,10 15,8) 79,26 46,28 127,16 0,0.5 0,00 lJ J.53, 7.3 !'.ean 1?,07 o.2e 7,64 12,)6 0,00 0,02 l1?,29 0,08 12,18 100.)5 40,26 62,88 0,)6 0,0? lJ J00,?9
APPENDLX F continued
Table VI: ~1onthly mean number per liter (Van Dorn total) of zooplank'ton at Site VI below the Big Eau Pleine dam.
N1111ber Dept~ of Tota!
in Cerio- ~- lepto- C&lan- Cyclo- Rotl- Ephl- Oatra- Datea or ~ ~ Darhnla d11phnia ~~ ~ ~!".!! LeytH_fil Chl'.doru11 .!!2!L ~ Naupl11 po1da :fera piala ~ ~ h!!!!!
Sert., l97J !.O 5,25 1.00 18.00 .59.62 o.oo o,oo 101,00 0,00 6,7.5 6.5,62 18,)8 ).51,88 0,00 0,00 2 627,.51> 2.5 11 • .50 l.J8 26.12 1e.12 0,00 o.oo 136.25 0,00 7,75 .51, 62 16.25 ?0,62 0,00 0,00 2 ))9,61 5.0 25.75 2.f\ll ?.l.?.5 1,,50 0,00 0,00 102.00 o.oo 14,50 46,00 )4,12 11),00 0,00 0,00 2 )6), 50
~:ean 11,.00 1.75 21. 79 n.1a o.oo 0,00 llJ.011 0,00 9,67 54,41 22,92 ·17A, 50 0,00 o.oo 44).~)
C-ct., '.'.~7) 1.0 J.7.5 0.62 1.12 82,62 0,00 o.oo JJ.75 0.12 2,12 27,)8 15.00 97,25 0,62 0,12 2 264,47 ?..5 2.6~ 1.::,5 J.50 69,12 o.oo 0,00 69.25 0,00 2,00 17,62 l:?,12 41,62 0,12 0,00 2 219,n 5,0 5.!:'8 1. .50 4.00 45.75 o.oo 0,00 1,0.62 o.oo 5,75 11,00 15,50 108.12 0,12 0,00 2 2J'l.24
Ncan 4.011 1.12 2.87 65.e:, o.oo o.oo 47.87 o.04 ).29 18.67 111.21 82,JJ 0,29 0, 04 240,6'• \0
~·ov., 197) 1.0 J.J8 0.12 o.oo Jl,75 0,00 0,00 7. JO o.oo J,62 lJ,00 5,)8 20,75 0,)8 0,00 2 es. 76 \0 2,5 6.50 0,00 o.oo J),75 0,00 0,00 8.00 0,00 4,)8 lJ,62 1.:,e 10.62 0,50 0,00 2 &1,75 5.0 ).75 o.oo o.oo y1.12 0,00 o.oo l1,50 o.oo J.62 7.)8 5.JlJ 7.12 0,00 o.oo 2 ~5.97
r:ean 1:..91 0.04 o.oo JJ.21 o.oo o.oo 6.46 0,00 J,87 11.JJ 6.05 12.8) 0.29 o.oo 78,62
~:: .. ~O"M! ::ot Sar,y,lc·d •• I..,
..:'-'":-• I !97!;. l.'l 1.25 o.oo o.oo 0.50 o.oo o.oo 0.50 0,00 1),00 20,50 29,50 10,00 o.oo 0,00 1 15,25 2.5 l.00 0,00 o.oo 0.75 o.oo 0,00 0.50 o.oo 11,00 2:,.50 22.25 7.25 0,00 0,00 l 66,25 5,0 0.75 ').00 c.oo 1.00 0,00 0,25 1.00 o.oo 10,50 25.00 J0.00 5,50 (1,00 0,00 1 :;.,oo
!(ec.n :!.,00 o.oo 0,00 0,75 o.oo o.oo 0,67 0,00 11,50 2;i.oo 27.25 7. 5l! 0,00 0,00 71.':'J
~e~., !.9~• l.0 o.oo o.oo o.oo 0.75 0,00 o.oo 0,50 0,00 5,25 JJ.00 26,5() 111.00 0,00 0,00 1 !:'J,.50 2.5 0 • .50 0,00 0,00 0.75 0,00 0,?.5 0,25 0,00 4,00 211,75 24,25 11,75 0,00 o.oo 1 E6,!0 5.0 ?.75 o.oo o.oo 1.50 0,00 o.oo . 0,2.5 0,00 7,00 1111,75 4),25 9,25 o.oo o,oo 1 l?e,75
f'.ei\11 1. Q)J o.oo o.oo 1.00 o.oo 0,08 O,JJ 0,00 5,42 57,50 Jl,JJ lJ,00 0,00 0,00 109, ,,.
.·..ar •• 1'?74 1.0 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 o.oo 0,00 0,00 0,00 ),25 11,75 21,75 0,00 0,00 1 J~.75 2.5 0,00 o.oo o.oo o.oo 0,00 o.oo 0,25 0,00 0,00 10.25 n.25 111,50 0,0-0 0,00 l 47,25 5.0 ').25 o.oo 0,00 o.oo o.oo 0.00 0,00 0,00 2,00 lB._50 127,25 11,?.5 0,00 0,00 l 159,25
~'~Ca.~ o.o~ 0,00 o.oo o.oo o.oo 0,00 1),08 0,00 0,67 10.67 5).75 15,BJ 0,0(1 o.oo e1.o!:I
. APPENJIX F continued
~able VI (continued) : Monthly mean number per liter (Van Dorn total) of zooplankton at Site VI below the .Big Eau Pleine dam.
Number !lepth ot • Total
1n Cerio- ~- Lepto- Calan- Cyclo- RoU- Ephl- Oatra- Date■ of ~ ~ ~ dal'1in1a o~o:ia ~ 1·1acrothr1x Ley«Ugta Chydorua ,Jor,1 ~ tlauplU po1da
--r- !!!:L p1nla ~ Ave'd t!!!!! A:·r., 19?4 i:ot Sanplad
'.'.3.:1, 19~~ 1.0 2.50 0,50 0,00 7,75 0,00 0,25 2,25 o.oo 0.25 1J9,25 62.25 117, ,50 o.oo o.oo l :m. 5') ;:.5 ::.oo 0,0(1 (1,00 2J.75 0,00 /l,_51) 0,;>5 0,00 0,25 298. 50 101.25 102,25 o.oo 0,2.5 l .521' .oo 5.0 2.75 0,00 0,00 6J,75 0,00 0,00 1,25 0,00 0,00 )88.25 126,00 98,50 0,00 0,00 l 6flo. 50
Pea.n 1.75 0,17 0,00 Jl,75 0,00 0.25 1,25 0,00 0,1? 275.JJ 96,50 106,08 o.oo 0,08 51). )J ~
.!ur.e, 19~ 1.0 lJ,12 0,12 0,00 8,J8 0,00 0,00 0,75 0,00 14,12 86,62 11,88 11.e.e 0.25 0,00 2 147, 12 0 :?,5 20,75 0.?5 0,00 10,J'l 0,00 o.no 0,62 ll,12 9.00 l<T),94 J6,J2 16,68 0,00 (1,00 2 ?0?,06 0 5,0 JC,,3r 0.12 0,00 19,19 0,00 0,00 0,62 0,00 6,00 115,38 69, 50 20,06 0,00 0,00 2 267,25
liea.n 26.1;2 0.17 o.oo 12.65 0,00 o.oo 0,66 o.OI, 9,?l 101.98 J9.?J 16.21 o.oe o.oo 20?,l.5
.!•J!:t. 1974 1,0 21' ,l',8 0,00 0,00 0.75 0,00 o.oo 5,56 0,12 19,1:.> 66.50 9,19 ?..52,)8 0.25 0,00 2 :,82. ?.5 2.5 25.M o.oo 0,25 0,50, 0,00 o.oo 4,00 0.50 17,2.5 75,12 6,50 18!!.12 0,00 o.oo 2 :,1e.,o~ 5,c :5,75 0,00 0,00 0,25 0,00 0,00 7,00 0,25 22,62 65,liJ; 11,)8 l?O,J2 0,25 0,12 2 JlJ,J'l
1·~ean ;C.15 0,00 0,08 0,50 0,00 0,00 5, .52 0,29 19,66 69,02 9,02 20),61 0,1? 0,04 JJ~.c6
At:~.• :!.9?1~ !,O J~.oo 0,JJ 21.17 116,09 0,00 0,08 ??,25 0,08 ?0,1•2 298,50 211,1:, 101,59 0,00 0,00 J 69'1,64 ,, < .. ., "'l. C."l ... . ,, - 0.25 17. 58 ll;>,11;:, 0,00 0,0'1 82,J? 0,00 15,1? 25c, 54 19,8) 11?,96 0,08 0,00 J th?,12 5,c :~.C:? 0,33 5,9;:, ?7,25 o.oo 0,00 ~0.25 0,00 11.46 1125,lJ 14,?1 109,21 0,00 0,1? 'I 6~9 • .50 .,
1:ea.n 2~.00 O,JO 14,89 85,25 0,00 0,05 69,96 O,OJ 1.5,68 )26, ?2 19,56 109,.59 O,OJ 0,06 66'.',l.2
~e:---• .• • 1971• i:ot Sllll!Jl'!.ed
•.e."'~ l,O 9,21 0,27 4,0J JO,E\2 0,00 O,OJ 22,89 O,OJ 8,46 ?5,J6 21,40 100,JO 0,1.5 0,01 10 272,95 ?!ean 10.e1 0,J6 J.96 25.ei~ 0,00 0,05 24,59 0,04 7,96 9'1,66 Jl,98 ~-56 0,09 0,02 10 21.5.12
101
APPENDIX G
The percent composition of the 9 major taxa of zooplankton in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir during September, 1973 to September, 1974, based on Van Dorn total, all depths averaged.
Site I Site II Site III Site IV Site V Site VI
Roti fera 31.6 27.1 19.4 22.4 21.0 27.1
Copepod nauplii 22.0 31.1 29.3 32.2 33.4 34.6
Chydorus sphaericus 12.0 17.0 19.7 13.4 16.2 9.0
Cyclopoid copepods 8.0 7.8 7.3 10.6 13.4 11. 7
Bosmina longirostris 11.5 6.3 8.5 6.8 4.0 9.4
Daphnia w_. 9.7 5.1 8.6 7.6 5.6 3.9
Calanoid copepods 0.7 2.0 3.2 3.7 3.8 2.9
o. leuchtenbergianum 3.1 2.5 3.5 2.7 2.4 1.4
c. reticulata 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.02 0 .1 0.1
Total 99.5 99.9 99.9 99.4 99.9 99.9
102
Table I: Significance of correlations between physical and chemi-cal cha rac teri st i cs and zooplankton numbers at Site I in the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir (+ = significant positive correlation at the 95% 1 eve 1, and ++ at the 99% 1 eve 1; - = s i gni fi cant negative correlation at the 95% 1 eve l , and -- at the 99% 1 eve 1; and*** = corre 1 a ti on of a variable with itself).
e E
::, -c: "' "'. "'
~ "' .., .,, .., ,:::
~ -0 0 ... .. 0 Cl. ... .,., r.. Cl. ... 0. "' >, "'
.., ~
~ ..,
C. Cl. ,::: >< 0.
..., _o ::, Cl. 0 :;:; -"' .... .... .., 0 "' C: C: 0 ::, u .... "' Cl. r.. Cl. .., ,_ C:
ii u "' Cl.
Cl. ·~ ... ::, -0 "' ::, ..., 0 "' C: .., a, .. a, .., .., .... a,
j u ,::: u ._
-0 "' -0 .., f > u ~ -0 .., 0 r..
j ;o
:c .. 0 ..., ::, "' 0 g_ Cl. .. u r.. C.
.., .., QJ ,,, ::, C: 0 .... .. .. u Cl. "' r.. "' ~ ... ....
~ Ii i "' ~ ..., .....
"' i5 ul al .,;I ,i1 _j1 ul _;1 "' 8 0 Ill 3 VI VI .... u u ex: 0
Water depth at dam ***
Secch1 disk ***
Sample depth + ***
Temperature ++ ***
Dissolved oxygen ***
Daphnh spp. + ++ ***
£. ret1culata + ***
~- leuchtenber9ianu~ ++ ++ ++ ***
B. lon9irostris + ++ + ***
!!_. lat1cornis -!::.· 9uadran9ular1s ***
C. sehaericus ++ ***
!::_. k1 ndt1i ++ ***
Calanoid copepods + ++ ++ ++ .... Copepod naupl ii ++ + + ++ ++ ++ *** Cyclopo1d copepods ++ ++ t+ ++ ++ ***
Rot1fera ++ + ++ ++ + ++ ++ ++ + ***
Daehnia ephipfals ***
Ostracoda ++ ++ ***
103 /
APPE~DIX H continued
Table II: Significance of corre 1 a ti ons between physical and chemi-cal characteristics and zooplankton numbers at Site II of the Bi g Eau Pleine Reservoir (+ = significant positive correlation at the 95% le ve 1, and ++ at the 99% leve 1 ; - = s i gni fi cant negative corre la ti on at the 95% leve 1, and -- at the 99% leve 1; and *** = correlation of a variable with i tse 1 f).
E E
:, C ...
"' ...
i "' l "' "O C ·~
~ "O ... "' 0 "' 0, ... Cl. "' "' s=
>, .. "' "'
~ "' ci. Cl. Cl.
)( ci. ,,_, .t:l a. 0 '.c: s= ~ ..,
f 0 "' C C 0 :, u ... .,, a. Cl. '; "' I.. ·~1 u "' a. a. :;; "' :, "O "' ,,_, 0 C "O "' ..
"' "O "'"' "'
ffl u s= u .., "O .... "' "O
"O "' > u -g "O g_ ... j
0 ... .... 41 I.. 0 .., :, .... 0 0 "' u s= CII "' "' "' C a. 0 ..... "' "' u t i "' ... _,.
"' "' u .... ... ... u "' - a. ,,_, .., ~ "' .. ;; ul 01 ..;1 :.:I _;, ul _;I ~ 0 >, 0 "' .,, V, ..... u u °' 0
Water depth at dam "** Secchf disk ++ •••
Sample depth - •*~
Temperature - ♦ ••* Dissolved oxygen + ••*
Daphnfa spp. + ++ ***
C. retfculata ♦ ***
D. leuchtenber~ia~u~ ++ ++,. ••*
!· longirostris + + + •••
~- laticornis ••• !:: ~adrangularfs ***
£. !.e!!_aericus ++ ++ ++ ··~ b_. kfndtff + ++ + ***
Calanoid copepods ++ + - ++ ++ - ••• Copepod nauplii ++ - + ••• Cyclopold copepods ++ - ++ ♦ •••
Rotffera ♦+ ++ ++ •••
Daphnia ephfpials ••• Ostracoda •••
104
APPENDIX H continued
Table I I I: Significance of correlations between physical and chemi-' cal characteristics and zooplankton numbers at Site Ill of the Big
Eau Pleine Reservoir (+ = si gni fi cant positive correlation at the 95% level, and ++ at the 99% level; - = significant negative co rre lat i on at the 95% level, and -- at the 99% level ; and*** = corre la ti on of a variable with itself).
e e :,
C: "' .. .. "' "' "0 "' _"0 C: ~ ·;: "0 &. .., QI .,,1 0 '; "" ...
~ "' 0. cu .. ,.,
"' .. "' ';
i QI 0. 0. ·;;_
.s::: >(
~ .., .&> -~ 0. 0 .s::: ... .., cu 0 "' C: C: 0 :, u :c ..,
"' 0. ... 0. QI ... C: -~1 u "' 0. 0. cu :, ,::, "' :, .., 0 "' C: "0 QI .. QI .., ,::, .., .,
j u .s::: -~ u !.. .., ,::, "' "0 "O "' > u -.:, ,::, "C 0 ...
j 0 ... :c ., ...
" .., :, C: .... "' C: 0 0 0. QI u
0. QI ., QI 0 "' ::, C: 0. 0 ..... .. cu u 0. "' ... ... .. cu ... .., u E 15 "' CL u .., .., .. ., "' ;; ul 01 c,;, ,.=, _;, ul _;, .. 0 ,., 0 "' :a V, V, .... u u u "" 0
----
Water depth at dam **~
Secchi disk ++ •••
Sample depth + *** Temperature ++ + <1t.l!,1'
Dissolved oxygen ++ ••• Daphnia spp. ++ ++ • •• C. reticulata + •••
D. leuchtenbergianu~ + • •• 8. lon9irostris ++ •••
"'· laticornis ••• -----L. quadrangulads + *** C. sphaerfcus ++ ++ ++ ••* .!,_. kindtii ••• Calanoid copepods + + ++ ••• Cope pod naup 1 i i ++ ++ + + ++ ••• Cyclopoid copepods ++ ++ ++ •••
Rotifera + ++ •••
Dap!1._<!_i<!_ ephipials ... Dstrdcoda •••
105
APPENDIX H continued
Table IV: Significance of currelations between physical and chemi-cal characteristics and zooplankton numbers at Site IV of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir (+ = significant positive correlation at the 95% 1 eve 1, and ++ at the 99% leve 1 ; - = significant negative correlation at the 95% 1 eve l, and -- at the 99% level; and *** = corre la ti on of a variable with itself).
e l
:, C "' .. "' "' '8 "' "O C ·;: "O .,
I g_ C1. ... ... c,, .. .. ., ..
.c >, .. .,
"' -;
i ! C. C1. ::,. ,.
,;__ .... .0 0 .c _,., .... ., 0 "' C C 0 :, u .s:: ... "' C1. .. C1. '; ., e .. C
·-1 u .. 0.
Q. ~ a., :, "O "' .... 0 ... C "O cu ... ., -0 "O .... .. j
u .c; u .. ... "O .. "O "O .. > :; u "O "O 0 "O 0 ..
j 0 - cu ... 0 :, C ... "' C 0 Q. a, u .. .c C. a, a, a, 0 "' :, C 0. 0 ..... "' ., u 0. "' .. .>< .. a, u .. .... u 15 I "' C. ... ... .. a, .. ..;, cl ..;, i:1 j1 ul j1 ~ 0 >, 0 "' 31: .,, VI .... Cl u u "" 0
Water depth at dam **" Secchi disk ++ ... ,!f
S1111ple depth ***
Temperature ++ .... Dissolved oxygen ++ •**
Oaphni a spp. ++ ++ ++ ••• C. reticulata . ... !!.· leuchtenbergianum ++ -- - ••• !· longfrostris ♦ ++ •••
"· latfcornis .... !:: 9uadran9u 1 a ri s ••• f.. sphaericus ♦♦ ++ ♦+ .... j,_. kindtii - ♦+ ♦+ ••• Calanoid copepods + ♦♦ ••• Copepod nauplii ♦+ ♦+ ♦+ ♦♦ ••• Cyclopoid copepods - ♦+ ++ ··~
Aotffera ♦+ ++ ♦+ .... Daphn~ ephipials ♦♦ ♦ ••• Ostracoda •••
\---
106
APPENDIX H continued
Table V: Significance of corre 1 a tions between physi ca 1 and chemi-cal cha racteri s ti cs and zooplankton numbers at Site V of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir (+ = significant positive corre 1 a ti on at the 95% leve 1, and ++ at the 99% leve 1; - = significant negative correlation at the 95% leve 1, and -- at the 99% 1 eve 1 ; and*** = correlation of a variable with itself).
e :::,
E C "' .. .. "' "' l "' "0 C -
i "0 .. L 0 .. ... en L .. 0. .. ·:;._ .. .c
,., .. .. "' ";
! .. Q.. 0. .. 0. ... .0 0. 0 .c .., ... .. 0 ., C C: 0 :::, u .c ... "' 0. L 0. .. I.. C:
·-, u ., 0.
0. .. :::, "0 "' :::, ... 0 ., C: "0 .. .. .. -0 -0 ... .. il
u .c u ... ..., -0 ., -0 -0 "' > u ,:, ,:, ,:, 0 .. j
0 :c .. .. 0
..., :::, ... ., C: g 0 0. .. u I,. .. "' .. "' :::, a. 0 ~ .. .. u 0. 0. "' L .., .. .. u L ... u e Ii "' 0. ... ... .. .. .. ul 01 ..;, :ii _;, ul _;, ~ 0 ,., 0 "' =- "' "' ..... Cl u u a: 0
Water depth at dam ***
Secchf disk ++ ... Sample depth ++ .... Temperature ++ + •*· Dissolved oxygen ++ WH
Daphni a spp. ++ + ++ ♦ ~-·
C. reticulata • •• D. leuchtenbergfanum ♦+ - • •• !- longirostris + ++ ++ ....
M. laticornf s •••
!:.· quadra n9u la ri s • •• c. sphaericus + ++ +-f; + ••• !,_. kfndtff + ++ ++ ++ • •• Calanoid copepods + ++ + ••• Copepod nauplii ++ ++ ++ ••• Cyclopoid copepods ++ ++ ++ •••
Rotffera + ++ + ••• Daphnia ephipials ++ ++ + •••
Ostracoda + •••
107
APPENDIX H continued
Table VI: Si gni fi cance of correlations between physical and chemi-cal characteristics and zooplankton numbers at Site VI below the Big Eau Pleine dam (+ = significant positive correlation at the 95% level, and ++ at the 99% level; - = significant negative correla-tion at the 95% level, and -- at the 99% level; and*** = correla-tion of a variable with i tse 1 f).
-----e :,
i C "' "' "' "' ..., "' ..., C ~
~ ·.: 1 0 .,
0.. "' ... "' "' ., .. >, ~, .,
"' -;
~ cu C. 0.. 0.. .r:: >( c;;_ .0 0.. 0 .r:: -"' ... cu 0 C C: 0 :, u .r:: ... "' 0.. ... 0.. cu ... C -~, u "' 0.. 0..
~ Q,I :, ...,
"' ... 0 "' C ..., Q,I "' cu ..., ... Q,I
j .r:: u ... ... -0 "'
j ..., ...,
"' > u "t ..., ·;; ..., 0 ... 0 :c ., ...
0 ~I :, .... "' C: 0 0.. cu u .. C. cu cu "' :, C Q. 0 .... .. cu u C. "' .>< .. cu u ... ... u e t "' 0.. .... .... .. .,
"' 0 ...;, 01 a,;, :ii _;, ....;, _;, ~ 0 ~ 0 "' =- V, "' I- u a: 0
Water depth at dam *** Secchi disk ++ *** Sample depth ••• Temperature ++ "** Dissolved oxygen .... Daphnia spp. ++ ++ ..... c. reticulata ••• 0. leuchtenberglanum ++ ♦ ·•Jt
~- longirost~ + ++ ***
M. laticornis ••• .!:.· quadrangular1s • •• C. sphaericus + + # ++ •••
.!:.· k1ndtii • •• Calanoid copepods + ++ + ++ •••
Cope pod naup 1 ii ++ ++ ••• Cyclopoid copepods + + ••• Rotifera ++ + ++ + + + ++ ••• Oaphnia ephipials ... Ostracoda ++ •••