zoonotic helminthiasis prof pratiwi ts semester v 1nematoda -zoonosis-1 pts they are like...
TRANSCRIPT
ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
Prof Pratiwi TS
Semester V
1NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
They are like monsters
Parasitic zoonoses
Fleas Mites Ticks Hydatids Visceral larva migrans (Toxocara canis
T cati Toxascaris leonina)
Cutaneous larva migrans (Ancylostoma caninum Uncinaria stenocephala)
Trichinellosis Fascioliasis Swimmerrsquos itch (Cercaria longicauda)
2NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Helminth parasitic worm (Greek)ndash Platyhelminthes (flukes tapeworms)ndash Nematodes- (roundworms) literally means
ldquothread-likerdquo
Pathogenic helminths are some of most common parasites
Worlwide distribution
3NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
Toxocariasis (visceralocular larval migrans)ndash Toxocara canis T cati
Meningoencephalitisndash Balysascaris procyonis
Trichinosisndash Trichinella spiralis
Taeniasisndash Taenia soleum T saginata
Hydatid diseasendash Echinococcus granulosus E multilocularis
4NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
NEMATODES
Life cyclendash Reproduction
bull Amphimictic (sexual)bull Parthenogenetic (from eggs without fertilization)bull Hermaphroditic (possess both male and female
organs or reproduction)bull Oviparous ndash eggs hatch after laidbull Ovoviviparous ndash eggs hatch within uterus live young
expelledndash Types of life cycle
bull Direct- intermediate host not requiredbull Indirect ndash intermediate host required
5NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS (1)
Agent ndash Trichinella spiralis - intestinal nematode of
many wild and domestic carnivores and omnivores
ndash T nativa - Arctic bearsndash T pseudospiralis - mammals and birdsndash T nelsoni - African predators and scavengersndash T britovi - carnivores in Europe Western Asia
Other names for diseasendash trichinellosisndash trichiniasis
6NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Larva in cyst from muscleLarva from Alaskan bear
7NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Agent
Larva in cyst from muscleLarva from Alaskan bear
8NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Life cyclendash larva released from ingested cystndash invade mucosa of small intestine where they
develop into adultsndash after 4 weeks (life span in intestine) females
release larva that migrate to striated musclendash encystment complete in 4-5 weeks
bull note T pseudospiralis does not encyst
ndash may remain viable for several years
9NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
10NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Reservoirndash swine dogs cats rodents many wild animals
especially bears boars marine mammals and large felids
Occurrence ndash worldwide most common in Europe and USndash age adjusted incidence rate 2
Epidemiology
11NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Epidemiology Transmission
ndash ingestion of raw or undercooked meatbull pork and pork productsbull bear meatbull marine mammal meatbull hamburger adulterated with pork
12NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features Incubation period
ndash generally 8-14 days up to 45 days Symptoms
ndash from inapparent to highly fatalndash myalgiandash edema - periorbital and facial edemandash conjunctivitisndash feverndash eosinophiliandash gastrointestinal - diarrhea pain vomiting
13NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features
Life threatening symptomsndashmyocarditisndashCNS involvementndashpneumonitis
14NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Diagnosis Serology
ndash EIAbull ES (excretory-secretory) products - TLS-1 surface
antigens conserved in all species can be used for detection in animals or humans
bull Ab levels not present until 3-5 weeks post infection - IgM IgG IgE peak in 2-3 months
bull IgG most sensitivebull used for routine screening
ndash Bentonite flocculation Muscle biopsy Microscopic examination
15NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Parasitic zoonoses
Fleas Mites Ticks Hydatids Visceral larva migrans (Toxocara canis
T cati Toxascaris leonina)
Cutaneous larva migrans (Ancylostoma caninum Uncinaria stenocephala)
Trichinellosis Fascioliasis Swimmerrsquos itch (Cercaria longicauda)
2NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Helminth parasitic worm (Greek)ndash Platyhelminthes (flukes tapeworms)ndash Nematodes- (roundworms) literally means
ldquothread-likerdquo
Pathogenic helminths are some of most common parasites
Worlwide distribution
3NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
Toxocariasis (visceralocular larval migrans)ndash Toxocara canis T cati
Meningoencephalitisndash Balysascaris procyonis
Trichinosisndash Trichinella spiralis
Taeniasisndash Taenia soleum T saginata
Hydatid diseasendash Echinococcus granulosus E multilocularis
4NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
NEMATODES
Life cyclendash Reproduction
bull Amphimictic (sexual)bull Parthenogenetic (from eggs without fertilization)bull Hermaphroditic (possess both male and female
organs or reproduction)bull Oviparous ndash eggs hatch after laidbull Ovoviviparous ndash eggs hatch within uterus live young
expelledndash Types of life cycle
bull Direct- intermediate host not requiredbull Indirect ndash intermediate host required
5NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS (1)
Agent ndash Trichinella spiralis - intestinal nematode of
many wild and domestic carnivores and omnivores
ndash T nativa - Arctic bearsndash T pseudospiralis - mammals and birdsndash T nelsoni - African predators and scavengersndash T britovi - carnivores in Europe Western Asia
Other names for diseasendash trichinellosisndash trichiniasis
6NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Larva in cyst from muscleLarva from Alaskan bear
7NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Agent
Larva in cyst from muscleLarva from Alaskan bear
8NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Life cyclendash larva released from ingested cystndash invade mucosa of small intestine where they
develop into adultsndash after 4 weeks (life span in intestine) females
release larva that migrate to striated musclendash encystment complete in 4-5 weeks
bull note T pseudospiralis does not encyst
ndash may remain viable for several years
9NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
10NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Reservoirndash swine dogs cats rodents many wild animals
especially bears boars marine mammals and large felids
Occurrence ndash worldwide most common in Europe and USndash age adjusted incidence rate 2
Epidemiology
11NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Epidemiology Transmission
ndash ingestion of raw or undercooked meatbull pork and pork productsbull bear meatbull marine mammal meatbull hamburger adulterated with pork
12NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features Incubation period
ndash generally 8-14 days up to 45 days Symptoms
ndash from inapparent to highly fatalndash myalgiandash edema - periorbital and facial edemandash conjunctivitisndash feverndash eosinophiliandash gastrointestinal - diarrhea pain vomiting
13NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features
Life threatening symptomsndashmyocarditisndashCNS involvementndashpneumonitis
14NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Diagnosis Serology
ndash EIAbull ES (excretory-secretory) products - TLS-1 surface
antigens conserved in all species can be used for detection in animals or humans
bull Ab levels not present until 3-5 weeks post infection - IgM IgG IgE peak in 2-3 months
bull IgG most sensitivebull used for routine screening
ndash Bentonite flocculation Muscle biopsy Microscopic examination
15NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Helminth parasitic worm (Greek)ndash Platyhelminthes (flukes tapeworms)ndash Nematodes- (roundworms) literally means
ldquothread-likerdquo
Pathogenic helminths are some of most common parasites
Worlwide distribution
3NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
Toxocariasis (visceralocular larval migrans)ndash Toxocara canis T cati
Meningoencephalitisndash Balysascaris procyonis
Trichinosisndash Trichinella spiralis
Taeniasisndash Taenia soleum T saginata
Hydatid diseasendash Echinococcus granulosus E multilocularis
4NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
NEMATODES
Life cyclendash Reproduction
bull Amphimictic (sexual)bull Parthenogenetic (from eggs without fertilization)bull Hermaphroditic (possess both male and female
organs or reproduction)bull Oviparous ndash eggs hatch after laidbull Ovoviviparous ndash eggs hatch within uterus live young
expelledndash Types of life cycle
bull Direct- intermediate host not requiredbull Indirect ndash intermediate host required
5NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS (1)
Agent ndash Trichinella spiralis - intestinal nematode of
many wild and domestic carnivores and omnivores
ndash T nativa - Arctic bearsndash T pseudospiralis - mammals and birdsndash T nelsoni - African predators and scavengersndash T britovi - carnivores in Europe Western Asia
Other names for diseasendash trichinellosisndash trichiniasis
6NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Larva in cyst from muscleLarva from Alaskan bear
7NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Agent
Larva in cyst from muscleLarva from Alaskan bear
8NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Life cyclendash larva released from ingested cystndash invade mucosa of small intestine where they
develop into adultsndash after 4 weeks (life span in intestine) females
release larva that migrate to striated musclendash encystment complete in 4-5 weeks
bull note T pseudospiralis does not encyst
ndash may remain viable for several years
9NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
10NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Reservoirndash swine dogs cats rodents many wild animals
especially bears boars marine mammals and large felids
Occurrence ndash worldwide most common in Europe and USndash age adjusted incidence rate 2
Epidemiology
11NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Epidemiology Transmission
ndash ingestion of raw or undercooked meatbull pork and pork productsbull bear meatbull marine mammal meatbull hamburger adulterated with pork
12NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features Incubation period
ndash generally 8-14 days up to 45 days Symptoms
ndash from inapparent to highly fatalndash myalgiandash edema - periorbital and facial edemandash conjunctivitisndash feverndash eosinophiliandash gastrointestinal - diarrhea pain vomiting
13NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features
Life threatening symptomsndashmyocarditisndashCNS involvementndashpneumonitis
14NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Diagnosis Serology
ndash EIAbull ES (excretory-secretory) products - TLS-1 surface
antigens conserved in all species can be used for detection in animals or humans
bull Ab levels not present until 3-5 weeks post infection - IgM IgG IgE peak in 2-3 months
bull IgG most sensitivebull used for routine screening
ndash Bentonite flocculation Muscle biopsy Microscopic examination
15NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
Toxocariasis (visceralocular larval migrans)ndash Toxocara canis T cati
Meningoencephalitisndash Balysascaris procyonis
Trichinosisndash Trichinella spiralis
Taeniasisndash Taenia soleum T saginata
Hydatid diseasendash Echinococcus granulosus E multilocularis
4NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
NEMATODES
Life cyclendash Reproduction
bull Amphimictic (sexual)bull Parthenogenetic (from eggs without fertilization)bull Hermaphroditic (possess both male and female
organs or reproduction)bull Oviparous ndash eggs hatch after laidbull Ovoviviparous ndash eggs hatch within uterus live young
expelledndash Types of life cycle
bull Direct- intermediate host not requiredbull Indirect ndash intermediate host required
5NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS (1)
Agent ndash Trichinella spiralis - intestinal nematode of
many wild and domestic carnivores and omnivores
ndash T nativa - Arctic bearsndash T pseudospiralis - mammals and birdsndash T nelsoni - African predators and scavengersndash T britovi - carnivores in Europe Western Asia
Other names for diseasendash trichinellosisndash trichiniasis
6NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Larva in cyst from muscleLarva from Alaskan bear
7NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Agent
Larva in cyst from muscleLarva from Alaskan bear
8NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Life cyclendash larva released from ingested cystndash invade mucosa of small intestine where they
develop into adultsndash after 4 weeks (life span in intestine) females
release larva that migrate to striated musclendash encystment complete in 4-5 weeks
bull note T pseudospiralis does not encyst
ndash may remain viable for several years
9NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
10NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Reservoirndash swine dogs cats rodents many wild animals
especially bears boars marine mammals and large felids
Occurrence ndash worldwide most common in Europe and USndash age adjusted incidence rate 2
Epidemiology
11NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Epidemiology Transmission
ndash ingestion of raw or undercooked meatbull pork and pork productsbull bear meatbull marine mammal meatbull hamburger adulterated with pork
12NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features Incubation period
ndash generally 8-14 days up to 45 days Symptoms
ndash from inapparent to highly fatalndash myalgiandash edema - periorbital and facial edemandash conjunctivitisndash feverndash eosinophiliandash gastrointestinal - diarrhea pain vomiting
13NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features
Life threatening symptomsndashmyocarditisndashCNS involvementndashpneumonitis
14NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Diagnosis Serology
ndash EIAbull ES (excretory-secretory) products - TLS-1 surface
antigens conserved in all species can be used for detection in animals or humans
bull Ab levels not present until 3-5 weeks post infection - IgM IgG IgE peak in 2-3 months
bull IgG most sensitivebull used for routine screening
ndash Bentonite flocculation Muscle biopsy Microscopic examination
15NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
NEMATODES
Life cyclendash Reproduction
bull Amphimictic (sexual)bull Parthenogenetic (from eggs without fertilization)bull Hermaphroditic (possess both male and female
organs or reproduction)bull Oviparous ndash eggs hatch after laidbull Ovoviviparous ndash eggs hatch within uterus live young
expelledndash Types of life cycle
bull Direct- intermediate host not requiredbull Indirect ndash intermediate host required
5NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS (1)
Agent ndash Trichinella spiralis - intestinal nematode of
many wild and domestic carnivores and omnivores
ndash T nativa - Arctic bearsndash T pseudospiralis - mammals and birdsndash T nelsoni - African predators and scavengersndash T britovi - carnivores in Europe Western Asia
Other names for diseasendash trichinellosisndash trichiniasis
6NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Larva in cyst from muscleLarva from Alaskan bear
7NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Agent
Larva in cyst from muscleLarva from Alaskan bear
8NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Life cyclendash larva released from ingested cystndash invade mucosa of small intestine where they
develop into adultsndash after 4 weeks (life span in intestine) females
release larva that migrate to striated musclendash encystment complete in 4-5 weeks
bull note T pseudospiralis does not encyst
ndash may remain viable for several years
9NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
10NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Reservoirndash swine dogs cats rodents many wild animals
especially bears boars marine mammals and large felids
Occurrence ndash worldwide most common in Europe and USndash age adjusted incidence rate 2
Epidemiology
11NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Epidemiology Transmission
ndash ingestion of raw or undercooked meatbull pork and pork productsbull bear meatbull marine mammal meatbull hamburger adulterated with pork
12NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features Incubation period
ndash generally 8-14 days up to 45 days Symptoms
ndash from inapparent to highly fatalndash myalgiandash edema - periorbital and facial edemandash conjunctivitisndash feverndash eosinophiliandash gastrointestinal - diarrhea pain vomiting
13NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features
Life threatening symptomsndashmyocarditisndashCNS involvementndashpneumonitis
14NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Diagnosis Serology
ndash EIAbull ES (excretory-secretory) products - TLS-1 surface
antigens conserved in all species can be used for detection in animals or humans
bull Ab levels not present until 3-5 weeks post infection - IgM IgG IgE peak in 2-3 months
bull IgG most sensitivebull used for routine screening
ndash Bentonite flocculation Muscle biopsy Microscopic examination
15NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
TRICHINOSIS (1)
Agent ndash Trichinella spiralis - intestinal nematode of
many wild and domestic carnivores and omnivores
ndash T nativa - Arctic bearsndash T pseudospiralis - mammals and birdsndash T nelsoni - African predators and scavengersndash T britovi - carnivores in Europe Western Asia
Other names for diseasendash trichinellosisndash trichiniasis
6NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Larva in cyst from muscleLarva from Alaskan bear
7NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Agent
Larva in cyst from muscleLarva from Alaskan bear
8NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Life cyclendash larva released from ingested cystndash invade mucosa of small intestine where they
develop into adultsndash after 4 weeks (life span in intestine) females
release larva that migrate to striated musclendash encystment complete in 4-5 weeks
bull note T pseudospiralis does not encyst
ndash may remain viable for several years
9NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
10NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Reservoirndash swine dogs cats rodents many wild animals
especially bears boars marine mammals and large felids
Occurrence ndash worldwide most common in Europe and USndash age adjusted incidence rate 2
Epidemiology
11NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Epidemiology Transmission
ndash ingestion of raw or undercooked meatbull pork and pork productsbull bear meatbull marine mammal meatbull hamburger adulterated with pork
12NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features Incubation period
ndash generally 8-14 days up to 45 days Symptoms
ndash from inapparent to highly fatalndash myalgiandash edema - periorbital and facial edemandash conjunctivitisndash feverndash eosinophiliandash gastrointestinal - diarrhea pain vomiting
13NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features
Life threatening symptomsndashmyocarditisndashCNS involvementndashpneumonitis
14NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Diagnosis Serology
ndash EIAbull ES (excretory-secretory) products - TLS-1 surface
antigens conserved in all species can be used for detection in animals or humans
bull Ab levels not present until 3-5 weeks post infection - IgM IgG IgE peak in 2-3 months
bull IgG most sensitivebull used for routine screening
ndash Bentonite flocculation Muscle biopsy Microscopic examination
15NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Larva in cyst from muscleLarva from Alaskan bear
7NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Agent
Larva in cyst from muscleLarva from Alaskan bear
8NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Life cyclendash larva released from ingested cystndash invade mucosa of small intestine where they
develop into adultsndash after 4 weeks (life span in intestine) females
release larva that migrate to striated musclendash encystment complete in 4-5 weeks
bull note T pseudospiralis does not encyst
ndash may remain viable for several years
9NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
10NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Reservoirndash swine dogs cats rodents many wild animals
especially bears boars marine mammals and large felids
Occurrence ndash worldwide most common in Europe and USndash age adjusted incidence rate 2
Epidemiology
11NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Epidemiology Transmission
ndash ingestion of raw or undercooked meatbull pork and pork productsbull bear meatbull marine mammal meatbull hamburger adulterated with pork
12NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features Incubation period
ndash generally 8-14 days up to 45 days Symptoms
ndash from inapparent to highly fatalndash myalgiandash edema - periorbital and facial edemandash conjunctivitisndash feverndash eosinophiliandash gastrointestinal - diarrhea pain vomiting
13NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features
Life threatening symptomsndashmyocarditisndashCNS involvementndashpneumonitis
14NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Diagnosis Serology
ndash EIAbull ES (excretory-secretory) products - TLS-1 surface
antigens conserved in all species can be used for detection in animals or humans
bull Ab levels not present until 3-5 weeks post infection - IgM IgG IgE peak in 2-3 months
bull IgG most sensitivebull used for routine screening
ndash Bentonite flocculation Muscle biopsy Microscopic examination
15NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Agent
Larva in cyst from muscleLarva from Alaskan bear
8NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Life cyclendash larva released from ingested cystndash invade mucosa of small intestine where they
develop into adultsndash after 4 weeks (life span in intestine) females
release larva that migrate to striated musclendash encystment complete in 4-5 weeks
bull note T pseudospiralis does not encyst
ndash may remain viable for several years
9NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
10NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Reservoirndash swine dogs cats rodents many wild animals
especially bears boars marine mammals and large felids
Occurrence ndash worldwide most common in Europe and USndash age adjusted incidence rate 2
Epidemiology
11NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Epidemiology Transmission
ndash ingestion of raw or undercooked meatbull pork and pork productsbull bear meatbull marine mammal meatbull hamburger adulterated with pork
12NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features Incubation period
ndash generally 8-14 days up to 45 days Symptoms
ndash from inapparent to highly fatalndash myalgiandash edema - periorbital and facial edemandash conjunctivitisndash feverndash eosinophiliandash gastrointestinal - diarrhea pain vomiting
13NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features
Life threatening symptomsndashmyocarditisndashCNS involvementndashpneumonitis
14NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Diagnosis Serology
ndash EIAbull ES (excretory-secretory) products - TLS-1 surface
antigens conserved in all species can be used for detection in animals or humans
bull Ab levels not present until 3-5 weeks post infection - IgM IgG IgE peak in 2-3 months
bull IgG most sensitivebull used for routine screening
ndash Bentonite flocculation Muscle biopsy Microscopic examination
15NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Life cyclendash larva released from ingested cystndash invade mucosa of small intestine where they
develop into adultsndash after 4 weeks (life span in intestine) females
release larva that migrate to striated musclendash encystment complete in 4-5 weeks
bull note T pseudospiralis does not encyst
ndash may remain viable for several years
9NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
10NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Reservoirndash swine dogs cats rodents many wild animals
especially bears boars marine mammals and large felids
Occurrence ndash worldwide most common in Europe and USndash age adjusted incidence rate 2
Epidemiology
11NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Epidemiology Transmission
ndash ingestion of raw or undercooked meatbull pork and pork productsbull bear meatbull marine mammal meatbull hamburger adulterated with pork
12NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features Incubation period
ndash generally 8-14 days up to 45 days Symptoms
ndash from inapparent to highly fatalndash myalgiandash edema - periorbital and facial edemandash conjunctivitisndash feverndash eosinophiliandash gastrointestinal - diarrhea pain vomiting
13NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features
Life threatening symptomsndashmyocarditisndashCNS involvementndashpneumonitis
14NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Diagnosis Serology
ndash EIAbull ES (excretory-secretory) products - TLS-1 surface
antigens conserved in all species can be used for detection in animals or humans
bull Ab levels not present until 3-5 weeks post infection - IgM IgG IgE peak in 2-3 months
bull IgG most sensitivebull used for routine screening
ndash Bentonite flocculation Muscle biopsy Microscopic examination
15NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
10NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Reservoirndash swine dogs cats rodents many wild animals
especially bears boars marine mammals and large felids
Occurrence ndash worldwide most common in Europe and USndash age adjusted incidence rate 2
Epidemiology
11NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Epidemiology Transmission
ndash ingestion of raw or undercooked meatbull pork and pork productsbull bear meatbull marine mammal meatbull hamburger adulterated with pork
12NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features Incubation period
ndash generally 8-14 days up to 45 days Symptoms
ndash from inapparent to highly fatalndash myalgiandash edema - periorbital and facial edemandash conjunctivitisndash feverndash eosinophiliandash gastrointestinal - diarrhea pain vomiting
13NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features
Life threatening symptomsndashmyocarditisndashCNS involvementndashpneumonitis
14NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Diagnosis Serology
ndash EIAbull ES (excretory-secretory) products - TLS-1 surface
antigens conserved in all species can be used for detection in animals or humans
bull Ab levels not present until 3-5 weeks post infection - IgM IgG IgE peak in 2-3 months
bull IgG most sensitivebull used for routine screening
ndash Bentonite flocculation Muscle biopsy Microscopic examination
15NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Reservoirndash swine dogs cats rodents many wild animals
especially bears boars marine mammals and large felids
Occurrence ndash worldwide most common in Europe and USndash age adjusted incidence rate 2
Epidemiology
11NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Epidemiology Transmission
ndash ingestion of raw or undercooked meatbull pork and pork productsbull bear meatbull marine mammal meatbull hamburger adulterated with pork
12NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features Incubation period
ndash generally 8-14 days up to 45 days Symptoms
ndash from inapparent to highly fatalndash myalgiandash edema - periorbital and facial edemandash conjunctivitisndash feverndash eosinophiliandash gastrointestinal - diarrhea pain vomiting
13NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features
Life threatening symptomsndashmyocarditisndashCNS involvementndashpneumonitis
14NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Diagnosis Serology
ndash EIAbull ES (excretory-secretory) products - TLS-1 surface
antigens conserved in all species can be used for detection in animals or humans
bull Ab levels not present until 3-5 weeks post infection - IgM IgG IgE peak in 2-3 months
bull IgG most sensitivebull used for routine screening
ndash Bentonite flocculation Muscle biopsy Microscopic examination
15NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Epidemiology Transmission
ndash ingestion of raw or undercooked meatbull pork and pork productsbull bear meatbull marine mammal meatbull hamburger adulterated with pork
12NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features Incubation period
ndash generally 8-14 days up to 45 days Symptoms
ndash from inapparent to highly fatalndash myalgiandash edema - periorbital and facial edemandash conjunctivitisndash feverndash eosinophiliandash gastrointestinal - diarrhea pain vomiting
13NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features
Life threatening symptomsndashmyocarditisndashCNS involvementndashpneumonitis
14NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Diagnosis Serology
ndash EIAbull ES (excretory-secretory) products - TLS-1 surface
antigens conserved in all species can be used for detection in animals or humans
bull Ab levels not present until 3-5 weeks post infection - IgM IgG IgE peak in 2-3 months
bull IgG most sensitivebull used for routine screening
ndash Bentonite flocculation Muscle biopsy Microscopic examination
15NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Clinical features Incubation period
ndash generally 8-14 days up to 45 days Symptoms
ndash from inapparent to highly fatalndash myalgiandash edema - periorbital and facial edemandash conjunctivitisndash feverndash eosinophiliandash gastrointestinal - diarrhea pain vomiting
13NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Clinical features
Life threatening symptomsndashmyocarditisndashCNS involvementndashpneumonitis
14NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Diagnosis Serology
ndash EIAbull ES (excretory-secretory) products - TLS-1 surface
antigens conserved in all species can be used for detection in animals or humans
bull Ab levels not present until 3-5 weeks post infection - IgM IgG IgE peak in 2-3 months
bull IgG most sensitivebull used for routine screening
ndash Bentonite flocculation Muscle biopsy Microscopic examination
15NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Clinical features
Life threatening symptomsndashmyocarditisndashCNS involvementndashpneumonitis
14NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Diagnosis Serology
ndash EIAbull ES (excretory-secretory) products - TLS-1 surface
antigens conserved in all species can be used for detection in animals or humans
bull Ab levels not present until 3-5 weeks post infection - IgM IgG IgE peak in 2-3 months
bull IgG most sensitivebull used for routine screening
ndash Bentonite flocculation Muscle biopsy Microscopic examination
15NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Diagnosis Serology
ndash EIAbull ES (excretory-secretory) products - TLS-1 surface
antigens conserved in all species can be used for detection in animals or humans
bull Ab levels not present until 3-5 weeks post infection - IgM IgG IgE peak in 2-3 months
bull IgG most sensitivebull used for routine screening
ndash Bentonite flocculation Muscle biopsy Microscopic examination
15NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
TRICHINOSIS
Diagnosis detection of larvae in muscle
16NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
TRICHINOSIS
Treatment Anthelmintics
ndash mebendazole (Vermoxreg)ndash only effective against intestinal stages not
encysted stage Corticosteriods
ndash decrease severity of symptoms during muscle invasion phase
17NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
TRICHINOSIS
Prevention Proper cooking of pork and pork products
and meat from wild animalsndash internal temperature should reach 160ordmF (71ordmC)
Irradiation of food effectivendash low level gamma - sterilizationndash higher levels - effectively kills trichinae
Freezing will inactivate larvae of T spiralis but not of T nativa (arctic strains)
18NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Trichinella spiralis ndash trichinellosis
Rodent gt pig cycleHuman infection from eating undercooked pork
19NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Dogs cats Toxocara sp Toxascaris Horses Parascaris equorum Swine Ascaris suum Cattle Neoascaris (Toxocara) vitulorum
Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 20
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Toxocariasis (2)
Toxocara canis Toxocara catti Toxocara vitulorum
21NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
TOXOCARA VITULORUM
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 22
Studi epidemiology
bull 5424-76 Garut (Simon dan Syahrial 1992)
bull 70-100 Srilanka (Robert 1992)
bull 89 Myanmar (Lorh et al 1986)
bull 75 Bali (Gunawan dan Putra 1982)
Hasil Pengamatan UBbull 76 Malang Selatan (Ifar dan Pratiwi 1991 ndash INRES)
bull 89 Nganjuk (Pratiwi dkk 1993 - STD3 )bull
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
SIKLUS HIDUP
23NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
24NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Visceral larva migrans
25NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Cutaneous larva migrans
Uncinaria stenocephalaAncylostoma caninum
Direct penetration of the skin by hookworm 3rd stage
larvae which develop in the environment from eggs shed
in dog or cat faeces
26NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Ascarids of dogs and cats
Toxocara canis T Cati Toxascaris leonina Very common amp important roundworms virtually all puppies amp kittens are
infected early in life zoonotic cause visceral amp ocular
larval migrans in humans
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 27
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Cutaneous Larval Migrans Hookworms (Ancylostoma and
Uncinaria) can produce cutaneous larval migrans
Eggs are passed Larva develop and penetrate human
skin- cases of walking barefoot in yard- Australia
Ingestion of worms leads to intestinal problems
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 28
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
29NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Toxocara cati Common roundworm of wild and
domestic felids Very common in kittens Rare in dogs Common in feral cats wild felids as
result of ingesting paratenic hosts rodents chickens birds earthworms
cockroaches ruminants etc Milk based transmission only NO transplacental transmission
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 30
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Adults in small intestine rarr eggs (lots) in fecesInfective larva develops within egg in ~2-4 weeksEgg with larva ingested
Larva hatches in duodenum
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 31
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Larval migrationpathway amp fate of larvae varies with host age and susceptibility
young hostslt12 weeks liver-lungtracheal migration
older hosts gt 12 weeks liver-lungsomatic migration
Life cycle of T canis
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 32
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Summary T canis transmission
Transplacental transmission to fetal liver via activated hypobiotic larvae in bitch
Ingestion of
Egg in environment with infective larva
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 33
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 34
Larvae from colostrum or milk of dam Hypobiotic larvae in paratenic host tissues Eggs larvae or immature worms in puppy vomit or feces
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Hookworms of dogs and cats
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 35
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Hookworms amp Roundworms
36NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Hookworms amp Roundworms
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 37
Carried by dogs and cats Kids often get infected from
playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated
Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts 38
Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body
Bare feet are a common route of entry
Hookworms (3)
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to
prevent parasites from entering your feet
39NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Hookworm transmissionL3 (infective larvae) can be acquired by 1 Skin penetration 2 Ingestion In food or water Lactogenic transmission major source of infection of puppies Ingestion of arrested larvae in paratenic hosts 3 Transplacental route ~unimportant
40NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Ancylostoma caninum(4)
1048699 Very common in dogs of all ages in midwest1048699 More significant problem in south amp central US1048699 Infectious larval stage (L3) survive best in moistsandy-loam soils at moderate temperatures1048699 do not survive freezing1048699 do not survive at temps gt37 ordmC1048699 Clinical cases more common during warm weather
41NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Hookworms of dogs and catsAncylostoma caninum1048699 common hookworm of dogs1048699 very rare in cats1048699 most pathogenic hookworm indogscats A tubaeforme1048699 common hookworm of felids1048699 rare in dogs
42NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Uncinaria stenocephala (5)More prevalent in northern US1048699 less common amp less pathogenic than Acaninum because it sucks less blood1048699 Structure eggs slightly larger than A caninum1048699 Lactogenic transmission important1048699 No prenatal transmission
43NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
2 If adult hookworms killed by an anthelmintic arrested larvae can be activated and quickly repopulate the SI
44NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Persistent hookworm infectionSource of infection hypobiotic larvae in SI mucosa or muscles
1 Larvae ldquoleakrdquo out of these sites ~continuously and reach the SI lumen1048699 if animal already has adults in SI probably shed into lumen and expelled1048699 if no hookworms present develop to adults
45NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Hookworms Public health importance Cause cutaneous larval
migrans (CLM)1048699 linear tortuous erythematous and intensely pruritic eruptions caused by migration of nematode larvae in humans
1048699 Most commonly caused by A braziliense 1048699 A caninum U stenocephala Bunostomum spp amp Strongyloides spp can also cause CLM1048699 Known as ldquobarnyard itchrdquo ldquocreeping eruptionrdquoor ldquoground itchrdquo
46NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Typical clinical signs in pups
1048699 Pot-belly1048699 Ill thrift1048699 Dull dry hair coat1048699 Abdominal discomfort1048699 Vomiting1048699 Mucoid diarrhea1048699 may alternate with constipation1048699 Toxocara in vomitfeces
47NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Trichinella in muscle
48NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
49
Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
Extremely common most notable in young children
400000000 worldwide
Direct life cycle
Female 8-13 mm
Male 2-5 mmImage from OSU
wwwemedicinecommedimages18381jpgNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
50
Pinworm (Enterobius)Eggs ingested
Larvae hatch in small intestine (2 molts) and migrate to colon
Mature and mate
Females (containing ~10000 eggs) migrate out of
anus and lay eggs on anal skin after explosive evagination of uterus
Eggs become infective (embryonate) after 6 hNEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
51
Pinworm (Enterobius)
INTENSE ANAL ITCHING ndash main symptombut many persons with low level carriage are asymptomatic
Diagnosis
characteristic eggs on anal skin - detected using clear sticky tape (Scotch tape test) Sometimes worms seen in feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
52
Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
Similar life cycle to pinworm except adults live in colon and females release ~5000 eggsday directly into feces
Eggs take ~3-4 weeks to become infectious (embryonate) in soil
Infection by ingesting embryonated eggs
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
53
Whipworm - Trichuris
Often coinfecting with hookworm and Ascaris 1 billion personsExtremely heavy infections can cause rectal prolapse
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
54
Egg shape and size allows you to identify a helminth Fecal preps
Fluke eggsOften have a cap
ldquooperculumrdquo
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Urine and feces
Sputum and feces
NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-
Tugas presentasi
55NEMATODA -ZOONOSIS-1 pts
- ZOONOTIC helminthiasis
- Parasitic zoonoses
- Slide 3
- ZOONOTIC HELMINTHIASIS
- NEMATODES
- TRICHINOSIS (1)
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Epidemiology
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- TRICHINOSIS (2)
- TRICHINOSIS (3)
- TRICHINOSIS (4)
- Slide 19
- Roundworms
- Toxocariasis (2)
- TOXOCARA VITULORUM
- SIKLUS HIDUP
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Ascarids of dogs and cats
- Cutaneous Larval Migrans
- Slide 29
- Toxocara cati
- Life cycle of T canis
- Life cycle of T canis (2)
- Summary T canis transmission
- Slide 34
- Hookworms of dogs and cats
- Hookworms amp Roundworms
- Hookworms amp Roundworms (2)
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Trichinella in muscle
- Pinworm (Enterobius (4))
- Pinworm (Enterobius)
- Pinworm (Enterobius) (2)
- Whipworm ndash Trichuris (5)
- Whipworm - Trichuris
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
-