Zoology Review

Scientific method

• What are the steps that we address in our lab notebooks?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

• What happens to the amount of energy as you go up the pyramid?

Food Webs• What do the

arrow mean?• What are the

producers?• Primary

consumers?• Secondary

consumers?• Tertiary

consumers?

Try this one!: producer, each level of consumers are?????

Now put into a food pyramid

Keystone species food web- what is keystone species? How do you know?

Invasive species: can you tell what the invasive species are?

With an invasive species introduced….

• What will it take for an organism to survive with the new surroundings????– ADAPTATIONS!!!!!– AND HOW DO ADAPTATIONS OCCUR?• MUTATIONS IN GENES….. • Can you decode this::::: ACT GAG CTU?• How would the mutation occur in this gene sequence?• What does it take for the mutation to continue to be

passed on ?

Can you think of adaptations that animals we discussed have had?

• Amphibians?– Life on land

• Gills to lungs• Stronger bones to support gravity• Paired find to 4 limbs to walk• More complex ears to hear on land• Life Series: toad tightened body in ball to elude predators

• Cephalopods: what is an example of a cephalopod?– Modified mantle to swim in open water– Beak from radula to crush prey– Males modified organ to deposit sperm so females don’t

eat them

Questions so far???????

• Continue to work on vocab…• We will continue to review on Friday (when

your vocab is due!!!!)

Day 2 Review: Feeding Strategies

• Deposit feeder: shove food in mouth

• Filter Feeders: active or passive

• Suspension feeders– Use a filter system to gather food

• Grazers

• Carnivores: Predators– Many different ways predators can capture food

what are some examples?– What costs are involved in actively seeking prey?– Advantages of being a large carnivore?– Structures developed via evolution

Prey:Want to avoid getting eaten to carry on speciesWhat are some defense mechanism animals have to avoid “being

eaten?

Prey can change during carnivore life cycle: What changes in diet do you see here? Both species live in same ecosystem, what is a

possible explanation for this?

Reproduction• Asexual- What process is this type?

• what is the advantage?• What is the disadvantage?• When would this be the better method of

reproduction?• What types of organisms reproduce this way?• Types of a asexual: budding: offspring grows out of

parent, fragmentation: part of parent breaks off that can reproduce

Reproduction• Sexual – what process is this type?

• what is the advantage?• What is the disadvantage?• When would this be the better method of

reproduction?• Types external and internal fertilization.

– Which has higher survival rate? – What organisms reproduce these ways?

Osmosis and Diffusion

• What are these?• What is hypotonic solution?• Isotonic solution?• Hypertonic solution?• How do animal cells respond to each of the

solutions?

Explain why this happens in each instance.

Taxonomy

• How do you classify species into groups?• How can you find the scientific name of a

species unknown to you?

Population Density

• What data do you collect in the field?• What organisms are best to sample this way?• What can this data tell you about other

organisms living in this ecosystem?

How are organisms affected by these in an ecosystem

• Abiotic Factors• Temp• Salinity• Turbidity• Pressure• Amount of sunlight• Pollutants • Weather conditions

• Biotic Factors• Other organisms• Plants• animals

Exam Topics• Food webs and trophic levels• Keystone/invasive species• Osmosis and diffusion• Taxonomy• Population sampling• Scientific method• Phylums we have discussed this year• Reproduction• Animal Adaptations• Land vs. aquatic environments• Feeding strategies