zonal brief

ZONAL BRIEFZONAL BRIEFZONAL BRIEFZONAL BRIEF

Zonal Brief: Zonal Brief: IntroductionIntroductionZonal Brief: Zonal Brief: IntroductionIntroduction

The southern zone of Tanzania The southern zone of Tanzania comprises Mtwara and Lindi regions; comprises Mtwara and Lindi regions; and Tunduru District in Ruvuma and Tunduru District in Ruvuma region region

The zone covers 103,500 sq km of The zone covers 103,500 sq km of which 17,750 sq km is in Mtwara which 17,750 sq km is in Mtwara region and 67,000 sq km is in Lindi region and 67,000 sq km is in Lindi region; and the remaining 18,750 sq region; and the remaining 18,750 sq km is in Tunduru districtkm is in Tunduru district

Zonal Brief: IntroductionZonal Brief: IntroductionZonal Brief: IntroductionZonal Brief: IntroductionThe zone borders with the Indian The zone borders with the Indian Ocean in the east, Morogoro and Ocean in the east, Morogoro and Ruvuma regions in the west, the Ruvuma regions in the west, the Coastal Region in the North and with Coastal Region in the North and with the Ruvuma River in the south, the Ruvuma River in the south, which forms a boundary with which forms a boundary with Mozambique.Mozambique.

The Zone is characterized by mixed The Zone is characterized by mixed farming systems whose elements farming systems whose elements change with variations in climate change with variations in climate and environment. There are two and environment. There are two main seasons: a humid and hotter main seasons: a humid and hotter wet season (November to May) and a wet season (November to May) and a cooler, less humid dry season (June cooler, less humid dry season (June to October). to October).

Zonal Brief: IntroduZonal Brief: IntroductionctionZonal Brief: IntroduZonal Brief: IntroductionctionThe mean annual rainfall ranges from The mean annual rainfall ranges from 800 mm in inland and central areas to 800 mm in inland and central areas to 1,200 mm in the hills and plateau near 1,200 mm in the hills and plateau near the Coast. the Coast.

A dry spell of one or two weeks often A dry spell of one or two weeks often occurs at the end of January or at the occurs at the end of January or at the beginning of February. beginning of February.

The mean maximum temp is 30.5 oC, The mean maximum temp is 30.5 oC, which occurs in December (the hottest which occurs in December (the hottest month) while the mean minimum is month) while the mean minimum is 21.7 oC and occurs in July. Potential 21.7 oC and occurs in July. Potential evapotranspiration (ETo) rates ranges evapotranspiration (ETo) rates ranges 2000 to 2200 mm per year. 2000 to 2200 mm per year.


Soils are variable, depending on the origin of deposits; however, they range from the deep, well drained, but not very fertile sandy soils of the sedimentary zones, to the deep, well drained, and somewhat more fertile red clay soils.

The zone is endowed with a number of coastal valleys with streams and rivers (Figure below), most of which are under utilised.

Zonal Brief: IntroductionZonal Brief: IntroductionZonal Brief: IntroductionZonal Brief: Introduction

Zonal Brief: IntroductionZonal Brief: IntroductionZonal Brief: IntroductionZonal Brief: IntroductionAgriculture is the main stay for Agriculture is the main stay for majority of the population, both for majority of the population, both for food security and cash income. food security and cash income.

The most important crops grown are: The most important crops grown are: starchy staples notably sorghum, starchy staples notably sorghum, maize, rice, cassava and millet; maize, rice, cassava and millet; leguminous crops mainly pigeonpea, leguminous crops mainly pigeonpea, cowpea, lablab bean, green gram and cowpea, lablab bean, green gram and bambaranut; oilseeds especially bambaranut; oilseeds especially sesame and groundnut; vegetables sesame and groundnut; vegetables such as onion, tomato and sweet such as onion, tomato and sweet potato; and trees crops particularly potato; and trees crops particularly cashew, coconut, orange and banana. cashew, coconut, orange and banana.

Livestock such as goats, cattle, sheep Livestock such as goats, cattle, sheep and poultry are also part of the and poultry are also part of the farming systems. farming systems.

Cashew and sesame are the most Cashew and sesame are the most important cash crops; however, rice, important cash crops; however, rice, cassava, groundnut, maize and cassava, groundnut, maize and coconut contribute to some of the coconut contribute to some of the households’ income in the zone. households’ income in the zone.

Zonal Brief: IntroductionZonal Brief: IntroductionZonal Brief: IntroductionZonal Brief: Introduction

The Naliendele Agricultural Research The Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) is one of the country’s Institute (NARI) is one of the country’s seven Zonal Research Centres under the seven Zonal Research Centres under the Directorate of Research and Directorate of Research and Development of the Ministry of Development of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Co-Agriculture, Food Security and Co-operativesoperatives.

It has the national mandate to carry out It has the national mandate to carry out agricultural research on cashew and agricultural research on cashew and oilseeds; and zonal mandate for oilseeds; and zonal mandate for research on roots and tuber crops, research on roots and tuber crops, cereals and legumes, agro-forestry, soil cereals and legumes, agro-forestry, soil and water management, and socio-and water management, and socio-economics.economics.

Zonal Mandates, Roles and Zonal Mandates, Roles and FunctionsFunctions


The Institute has a Zonal Information The Institute has a Zonal Information and Extension Liaison Unit (ZIELU), and Extension Liaison Unit (ZIELU), which is responsible for collecting, which is responsible for collecting, assimilating and disseminating relevant assimilating and disseminating relevant agricultural information and agricultural information and technologies developed in the zone.technologies developed in the zone.

The Institute also accommodates our The Institute also accommodates our colleagues addressing livestock colleagues addressing livestock research in the zoneresearch in the zone



1.1.Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Training Institute (MATI Training Institute (MATI Mtwara)Mtwara)

2.2.Livestock Research InstituteLivestock Research Institute

3.3.Veterinary Investigation Veterinary Investigation CentreCentre

Neighbouring InstitutionsNeighbouring InstitutionsNeighbouring InstitutionsNeighbouring Institutions

ZARDEF ZARDEF ACTIVITIESACTIVITIES

ZARDEF ZARDEF ACTIVITIESACTIVITIES

1. Enhancing Adoption of Cashew Leaf and Nut Blight

Disease Control in ST

1. Enhancing Adoption of Cashew Leaf and Nut Blight

Disease Control in ST

Project aim

To create awareness to farmers about CLNB To create awareness to farmers about CLNB disease disease

and its control approaches.and its control approaches.

The project commenced in Jan 2009 and The project commenced in Jan 2009 and completed completed

Feb 2010 Feb 2010

The project was implemented in Mtwara and The project was implemented in Mtwara and Newala Newala

and Masasi districts and Masasi districts

Achievements

18 Extension officers, 89 farmers 18 Extension officers, 89 farmers and 36 blower operators in the and 36 blower operators in the project villages were fully trained project villages were fully trained in LNBD and its control approachesin LNBD and its control approaches

Demonstrations on efficacy of Demonstrations on efficacy of FLINT WG against LNBD were FLINT WG against LNBD were conducted in 18 farms selected for conducted in 18 farms selected for FFSFFS

2. Enhancing Adoption of Improved oilseeds

technologies in Mtwara District

2. Enhancing Adoption of Improved oilseeds

technologies in Mtwara District

Project aim

creating farmers’ awareness of creating farmers’ awareness of available improved technologies and available improved technologies and develop their capacity to use themdevelop their capacity to use them

demonstrating the superiority of demonstrating the superiority of improved technologies over farmers’ improved technologies over farmers’ own practicesown practices

Project implemented in 12 villages of Project implemented in 12 villages of Mtwara Mtwara

District from October 2008 to May 2010 District from October 2008 to May 2010

Achievements

200 farmers participated200 farmers participated

Group formation – one group per village Group formation – one group per village

Training of farmers’ group leaders Training of farmers’ group leaders

200 farmers received on-site training in 200 farmers received on-site training in sesame and groundnut on merits of sesame and groundnut on merits of improved varieties and production improved varieties and production managementmanagement

Availability of improved sesame and Availability of improved sesame and groundnut varietiesgroundnut varieties

3. Verification and Dissemination of mango production technologies

3. Verification and Dissemination of mango production technologies

Project aim

Improve knowledge and skills of mango Improve knowledge and skills of mango growers by growers by

imparting improved technologies.imparting improved technologies.

The project commenced in July 2009 and The project commenced in July 2009 and will be will be

completed June 2012.completed June 2012.

The project is implemented in Mtwara and The project is implemented in Mtwara and Lindi Lindi

districts and covers a total of 12 villages districts and covers a total of 12 villages

Achievements to date

A total of 7,000 rootstocks establishedA total of 7,000 rootstocks established

Grafting started (1000 grafted)Grafting started (1000 grafted)

Nine Mango varieties Nine Mango varieties

Farmers are preparing FFS fields to be Farmers are preparing FFS fields to be planted with the varietiesplanted with the varieties

Training completed with 12 VEO, 24 Training completed with 12 VEO, 24 FRG leaders and 12 village FRG leaders and 12 village leaders leaders trainedtrained

4. Promoting improved technologies for rainfed

lowland rice

4. Promoting improved technologies for rainfed

lowland rice

Project aim

Creating awareness and demonstrating Creating awareness and demonstrating superiority of superiority of

improved technologies over farmer practices.improved technologies over farmer practices.

The project is implemented in Nanyumbu The project is implemented in Nanyumbu district in 3 district in 3

villages (Nakopi, Nangaramo and villages (Nakopi, Nangaramo and Nangomba). Nangomba).

A total of 150 farmers are involved (5 grps @ A total of 150 farmers are involved (5 grps @ village@ village@

10 farmers)10 farmers)

The project sites

The project is implemented in Nanyumbu The project is implemented in Nanyumbu district district

in 3 villages (Nakopi, Nangaramo and in 3 villages (Nakopi, Nangaramo and Nangomba) Nangomba)

A total of 150 farmers are involved (5 grps/A total of 150 farmers are involved (5 grps/Village @ 10 farmers)Village @ 10 farmers)

Covers a period of two seasons Covers a period of two seasons commencing commencing

October 2009October 2009


Training in construction of rice bundsTraining in construction of rice bunds

Training in improved management Training in improved management

Enhanced availability of improved rice Enhanced availability of improved rice variety variety

Farmer field days conductedFarmer field days conducted

Production from improved Production from improved technologies increased more than technologies increased more than twice compared to farmers’ practicestwice compared to farmers’ practices

Achievements to date………

Enhanced availability of improved rice Enhanced availability of improved rice variety variety

Farmer field days conductedFarmer field days conducted

Production from improved technologies Production from improved technologies more more

than twice compared to farmers’ practices than twice compared to farmers’ practices (i.e. (i.e.

Local var, w/out bunds, broadcast, w/out Local var, w/out bunds, broadcast, w/out

fertiliser, ….)fertiliser, ….)

5. Promoting use of Azolla spp in rice

5. Promoting use of Azolla spp in rice

The project aim

Creating awareness and demonstrating the Creating awareness and demonstrating the role of role of AzollaAzolla as bio-fertiliser and biological as bio-fertiliser and biological

means of means of weed control in lowland irrigated rice weed control in lowland irrigated rice

cultivation.cultivation.

The project is implemented in Masasi district at The project is implemented in Masasi district at Mwena and Ndanda villages and in Lindi district Mwena and Ndanda villages and in Lindi district

at at Makangaga villageMakangaga village The project covers 3 seasons commencing The project covers 3 seasons commencing

2009/102009/10


Group formationGroup formation

Awareness creation about the Awareness creation about the importance of Azollaimportance of Azolla

? Posters prepared and distributed? Posters prepared and distributed

Thirty nine (39) farmers trained in Thirty nine (39) farmers trained in nursery managementnursery management

Planning for Azolla Distribution and Planning for Azolla Distribution and management in rice fieldsmanagement in rice fields

6. Empowering para-extension agents and farmers in labour

saving technologies

6. Empowering para-extension agents and farmers in labour

saving technologies

Project aim

Building the capacities of 40 para-extensionists Building the capacities of 40 para-extensionists with with

limited knowledge and skills on animal draught limited knowledge and skills on animal draught technology technology

The project is implemented in Masasi district at The project is implemented in Masasi district at

Mpowora, Mtakuja, Namatutwe,and Mpowora, Mtakuja, Namatutwe,and ChingulunguluChingulungulu

villagesvillages The project covers 3 seasons commencing The project covers 3 seasons commencing

2009/102009/10


Formation of groups Formation of groups

Awareness creationAwareness creation

Purchase and distribution of ox-plough Purchase and distribution of ox-plough implementsimplements and oxen (4 pairs) and oxen (4 pairs)

Trained 40 farmers on:Trained 40 farmers on:

the use of animal powerthe use of animal power

animal health and feeding regimesanimal health and feeding regimes

7. Empowering farmers with knowledge to reduce mortality in

village chicken

7. Empowering farmers with knowledge to reduce mortality in

village chicken

Project aim

Building capacities of farmers to understand Building capacities of farmers to understand and and

control important diseases of village chickens control important diseases of village chickens to to

reduce their mortalityreduce their mortality

The project is implemented in Mtwara Rural The project is implemented in Mtwara Rural and and

Mtwara Urban (6 villages) and Lindi Rural (4 Mtwara Urban (6 villages) and Lindi Rural (4 villages)villages)

The project duration 2 seasons from 2009/10The project duration 2 seasons from 2009/10


120 farmers trained how to control 120 farmers trained how to control important diseases of village chickensimportant diseases of village chickens

About 24 livestock extensionists About 24 livestock extensionists retrained on control of Avitaminosis A retrained on control of Avitaminosis A and general chicken husbandryand general chicken husbandry

20 community vaccinators and 20 community vaccinators and recorders trained and serving as recorders trained and serving as immediate livestock extensioninistsimmediate livestock extensioninists


Mortalities of chicks and growers Mortalities of chicks and growers reduced from 100% to 3% in intervention reduced from 100% to 3% in intervention villages villages

Efficacy of I2 has proved to elicit enough Efficacy of I2 has proved to elicit enough antibodies against Newcastle disease in antibodies against Newcastle disease in the project farmersthe project farmers

average chicken population per project average chicken population per project farmer increased from 13 to 40 at farmer increased from 13 to 40 at present in most project intervention present in most project intervention villagesvillages

Achievements to date……… Average monthly sales of chickens stands at Average monthly sales of chickens stands at

3 birds per farmer from below 1 before the 3 birds per farmer from below 1 before the projectproject

Egg sales, chicken and eggs eating habits Egg sales, chicken and eggs eating habits have increased 4 times more than before have increased 4 times more than before the projectthe project

Mortalities of Chicks and growers Mortalities of Chicks and growers mortalities have reduced from 100% to 3% mortalities have reduced from 100% to 3% in intervention villagesin intervention villages

Average chicken popn per project farmer Average chicken popn per project farmer increased from 13 to 40 at present in most increased from 13 to 40 at present in most project intervention villagesproject intervention villages


Production records adopted in some Production records adopted in some project farmersproject farmers

NGOs and farmers associations in NGOs and farmers associations in Mtwara municipal are seeking Mtwara municipal are seeking technologies from the projecttechnologies from the project

Farmers are in process to form and Farmers are in process to form and register farmers groups in register farmers groups in intervention villages.intervention villages.

8. ECF Vaccine Project 8. ECF Vaccine Project

Project aim

Enhancement of sustainable dairy cattle Enhancement of sustainable dairy cattle production production

thru combating tick-borne diseases, blindness thru combating tick-borne diseases, blindness and and

increase farmers’ access to better veterinaryincrease farmers’ access to better veterinary

Implemented in Kilwa, Lindi and Mtwara Implemented in Kilwa, Lindi and Mtwara MunicipalsMunicipals

The project covers 3 seasons commencing The project covers 3 seasons commencing 2009/102009/10


10 villages selected 10 villages selected

88 dairy farmers selected88 dairy farmers selected

320 cattle immunized320 cattle immunized

Questionnaire designed and pretested Questionnaire designed and pretested and perfectedand perfected

73 interview73 interview


16 livestock field officers trained on 16 livestock field officers trained on TBDs control, eye diseases management TBDs control, eye diseases management & de-worming, crush construction, & de-worming, crush construction,

There is high demand from many livestock There is high demand from many livestock keepers to join the project. As project keepers to join the project. As project funds are limited they have been advised funds are limited they have been advised to source for alternative fundingto source for alternative funding

9. Promoting Farmer Field School

9. Promoting Farmer Field School

Project aim

Building capacities of farmers and Building capacities of farmers and extension staff to extension staff to

adopt and use FFS as a tool for adopt and use FFS as a tool for demonstrating and demonstrating and

disseminating newly developed disseminating newly developed technologiestechnologies

The project is due to commence in The project is due to commence in October 2010October 2010

10. Improvement of local cattle through integrated

management

10. Improvement of local cattle through integrated

management

Project aim

Enhance utilisation of technologies and Enhance utilisation of technologies and innovations innovations

that will increase live wt and milk yield of local that will increase live wt and milk yield of local cattle cattle

and Mpwapwa breedand Mpwapwa breed

Project implemented in Masasi and Nanyumbu Project implemented in Masasi and Nanyumbu districts. Activities conducted in two villages @ districts. Activities conducted in two villages @ district . Each village has one FG with 15 district . Each village has one FG with 15

farmers farmers keeping local cattlekeeping local cattle


Sensitization meeting to stakeholdersSensitization meeting to stakeholders

Village and farmer group formationVillage and farmer group formation

Purchase of Mpwapwa bullsPurchase of Mpwapwa bulls


Study tour to DodomaStudy tour to Dodoma

Four (4) farmers, two (2) extension Four (4) farmers, two (2) extension field officers and PI visited NLRI field officers and PI visited NLRI Mpwapwa and one village where Mpwapwa and one village where upgrading local cattle is upgrading local cattle is conducted.conducted.

Farmer training on husbandry practicesFarmer training on husbandry practices

76 farmers in 4 villages trained 76 farmers in 4 villages trained

11. Promoting use of dried cassava peels as livestock feed

in cassava-goat based FS

11. Promoting use of dried cassava peels as livestock feed

in cassava-goat based FS

Project aim

Determine extent at which balanced diet Determine extent at which balanced diet based on based on

dried cassava peels can be formulated at dried cassava peels can be formulated at village level village level

and used as feed supplementand used as feed supplement

Project implemented in Newala and Project implemented in Newala and Tandahimba Tandahimba

districts. Activities conducted in five villages @ districts. Activities conducted in five villages @ has one FG with 20 farmers keeping local has one FG with 20 farmers keeping local

cattlecattle


Sensitization meeting to stakeholdersSensitization meeting to stakeholders

Village and farmer group formationVillage and farmer group formation

Training farmers on establishment of Training farmers on establishment of Gliricidia sepiumsGliricidia sepiums

About 80 farmers were trained on About 80 farmers were trained on establishment of establishment of Gliricidia Gliricidia sepiumsepium,,

About 5400 cuttings plantedAbout 5400 cuttings planted

Achievements to date Survey on utilization of dried cassava Survey on utilization of dried cassava

peels conducted. Main aim waspeels conducted. Main aim was

document the knowledge of goat document the knowledge of goat keepers on feeding dried cassava keepers on feeding dried cassava peels and its managementpeels and its management

Setting feeding experimentSetting feeding experiment

12. Integrating technologies to enhance ruminant meat

and milk productivity

12. Integrating technologies to enhance ruminant meat

and milk productivity

Project aim

Improving livelihoods by increasing income, Improving livelihoods by increasing income, food food

security and employment of farmers thru security and employment of farmers thru improving improving

genetic potential of ruminants coupled with genetic potential of ruminants coupled with feeding feeding

practicespractices

Project implemented in Nanyumbu (2 Project implemented in Nanyumbu (2 villages) and villages) and

Mtwara (2 villages)Mtwara (2 villages)


Stakeholder workshopStakeholder workshop

Baseline survey, farmer selection and Baseline survey, farmer selection and farmer group formationfarmer group formation

Identification the feed resources Identification the feed resources available in project areasavailable in project areas


Capacity buildingCapacity building

Training of group leaders and Training of group leaders and extension extension

staff, farmers, village government staff, farmers, village government officials, officials,

Distribution of 40 breeding Newala goats Distribution of 40 breeding Newala goats and 4 improved bucks to project areas. and 4 improved bucks to project areas.

Twenty five kids have been kidded Twenty five kids have been kidded with average birth wt of 2.5kgwith average birth wt of 2.5kg

13. On farm evaluation of forage species for sustaining livestock

production

13. On farm evaluation of forage species for sustaining livestock

production

Project aim

Improve productivity of dairy cattle thru Improve productivity of dairy cattle thru introduction introduction

of improved pasture and forageof improved pasture and forage

Project implemented in 6 villages of Project implemented in 6 villages of Mtwara and Lindi Mtwara and Lindi

districtsdistricts


Meeting with collaboratorsMeeting with collaborators

Planting of legume and grass species Planting of legume and grass species

Training in pasture productionTraining in pasture production

56 farmers trained56 farmers trained

Thank you for your attention

zonal brief

Documents

zonal briefzonal brief

zonal information

introductionthe zone

zonal research centres

introductionzonal brief

livestock research

tunduru districtzonal

directorate of research