zkhd, >/s >/,kk ^ s >kwd ed wzk'z d 'h/ ·...

42
Project Contacts: Barry Stern Director, EQUIP3 ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĞŶƚĞƌ /ŶĐ ďƐƚĞƌŶΛĞĚĐŽƌŐ ůĂƌĞ /ŐŶĂƚŽǁƐŬŝ Yh/Wϯ dK h^/ 'd KĸĐĞ ŽĨ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĐŝŐŶĂƚŽǁƐŬŝΛƵƐĂŝĚŐŽǀ June 2008 tƌŝƩĞŶ LJ David JamesWilson zKhd, >/s>/,KK^ s>KWDEd WZK'ZD 'h/

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Page 1: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

|�  �  �  iYouth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

Project�  Contacts:

Barry�  SternDirector,�  EQUIP3

June�  2008

�  David�  James-­‐Wilson

Page 2: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X
Page 3: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

|�  �  �  iYouth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS�  

LIST�  OF�  ACRONYMS�  EXECUTIVE�  SUMMARY�  

INTRODUCTION�  

A.�  �  �  �  A�  COMMON�  LANGUAGE�  FOR�  YOUTH�  LIVELIHOOD�  PROGRAMS�  

�  

C.�  �  �  �  DESIGNING�  EFFECTIVE�  YOUTH�  LIVELIHOOD�  STRATEGIES�  

�   �   �   �   �  D.�  �  �  �  ADDITIONAL�  INFORMATION�  AND�  RESOURCES�  

CONCLUSION�  

REFERENCES�  

ii

iii

iv

1�  

4

6

8

17

22

�  

28�  

29�  

Page 4: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

ii�  �  �  |�  �  �  �  �  �   Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

-­‐

-­‐-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

David�  James-­‐Wilson

Page 5: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

|�  �  �  iiiYouth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

AREU

ELAEQUIP3

IZA

SISKI

USAIDUSGYBAYBI

United�  States�  GovernmentYouth�  Business�  Albania

Page 6: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

iv�  �  �  |�  �  �  �  �  �   Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

But�  suppose�  jobs�  are�  scarce�  and�  employers�  are�  

-­‐

-­‐

In�  response�  to�  this�  dilemma,�  USAID�  and�  other�  donor�  agencies�  have�  become�  increasingly�  

-­‐

-­‐

Donor�  agencies,�  non-­‐governmental�  organiza-­‐

civil�  society�  are�  also�  coming�  to�  realize�  that�  

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

�  

-­‐

CONCEPTUAL�  FRAMEWORK

Page 7: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

|�  �  �  vYouth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

people�  themselves�  and�  their�  community�  sup-­‐-­‐

-­‐

that�  most�  contribute�  to�  household�  income�  -­‐-­‐

-­‐-­‐

�  

are�  unable�  to�  coach�  their�  young�  people�  to�  

-­‐

�  �  -­‐

lies�  do�  learn�  to�  save�  and�  build�  assets,�  and�  that�  -­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

barriers�  and/or�  novel�  entry�  points�  into�  youth�  

Evidence�  also�  suggests�  that�  livelihood�  develop-­‐-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

DESIGNING�  EFFECTIVE�  YOUTH�  LIVELIHOOD�  STRATEGIESLivelihood�  development�  ought�  to�  incorporate�  

-­‐

capital,�  to�  integrate�  youth�  livelihood�  develop-­‐

-­‐

Page 8: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

vi�  �  �  |�  �  �  �  �  �   Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

credit-­‐ready�  young�  entrepreneurs�  gain�  access�  to�  

�  

secondary�  school�  degree,�  an�  opportunity�  

�  

and�  relate�  these�  to�  the�  predominant�  �  �  �  

�  

�  

Enable�  even�  the�  most�  marginalized�  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  

�  

should�  invest�  their�  scarce�  resources�  only�  in�  

youth�  is�  provided�  by�  a�  companion�  document,�  the�  Guide�  to�  Developing�  Literacy�  Programs�  for�  Out-­‐of-­‐School-­‐Youth �  �  

-­‐

important�  to�  livelihood�  success�  than�  access�  -­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

engages�  and�  retains�  youth�  not�  by�  emphasizing�  

�  �  -­‐

-­‐

-­‐

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|�  �  �  viiYouth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

completers�  and�  can�  serve�  to�  build�  in�  a�  measure�  

-­‐

that�  youth,�  perhaps�  more�  than�  adults,�  need�  

that�  savings�  products�  may�  be�  more�  appropri-­‐

Savings�  is�  a�  precursor�  to�  a�  loan,�  and�  teaches�  

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

�  

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

good�  health,�  valuing�  diversity,�  and�  success�  in�  

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viii�  �  �  |�  �  �  �  �  �   Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

-­‐

health,�  humanitarian�  assistance,�  or�  social�  stabil-­‐

-­‐

�  

�  

�  

Ensure�  youth�  livelihood�  programs�  �  complement�  and�  do�  not�  supplant�  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  

Develop�  youth�  development�  assets�  as�  part�  �  

�  

changes�  and�  resources�  to�  serve�  youth�  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  

Develop�  a�  program�  budget�  and�  revenue�  �  

assistance�  to�  commercially-­‐viable�  products�  

�  

CONCLUSIONYouth�  livelihood�  programs�  must�  engage�  and�  

-­‐

desire�  more�  sustainable�  and�  socially�  construc-­‐

-­‐tencies�  and�  resources�  necessary�  to�  enhance�  

-­‐

Page 11: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

-­‐

-­‐

Readers�  are�  encouraged�  to�  see�  

But�  suppose�  jobs�  are�  scarce�  and�  employers�  

In�  response�  to�  this�  dilemma,�  USAID�  and�  other�  donor�  agencies�  have�  become�  increasingly�  

-­‐

Donor�  agencies�  increasingly�  recognize�  that�  -­‐

-­‐

are�  available�  to�  them,�  pro-­‐social�  or�  other-­‐

-­‐

Donor�  agencies,�  non-­‐governmental�  organi-­‐

and�  civil�  society�  are�  also�  coming�  to�  realize�  

-­‐

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2�  �  �  |�  �  �  �  �  �   Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

-­‐-­‐-­‐

to�  improve�  youth�  livelihood�  development�  

-­‐-­‐

-­‐

INFORMAL�  ECONOMY

Undocumented�  youth�  and�  �  �  �  

�  �  most�  youth�  not�  ready�  �  

�  

�  �  �  

Youth�  generally�  involved�  in�  �  �  �  

�  �  �  

�  �  

Peer�  support�  groups,�  �  �  access�  to�  adult�  livelihood�  �  coaches,�  service�  learning,�  �  

�  

�  

FORMAL�  ECONOMY

Youth�  counted�  in�  employment�  �  �  

�  

that�  matches�  employers�  

�  �  

�  assessments�  drive�  curricula�  

Applied�  academics�  to�  solve�  �  �  

�  �  schools,�  employers,�  unions,�  

�  

Page 13: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

|�  �  �  3Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

�  �  

users�  to�  common�  terms�  and�  concepts�  that�  

�  

�  

�  

USING�  THIS�  PROGRAM�  GUIDE

designing�  youth�  livelihood�  development�  pro-­‐grams,�  it�  does�  not�  pretend�  to�  replicate�  all�  the�  

-­‐

-­‐

Page 14: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

Readiness-­‐oriented�  youth�  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  

Access-­‐oriented�  youth�  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  

�  

�  

�  �  

LIVELIHOOD�  PROGRAMMING

young�  people�  to�  engage�  in�  sustainable�  liveli-­‐

-­‐

Enhance�  readiness�  �  

in�  sustainable�  

�  

driven�  products�  and�  services

Develop�  human�  �  capital

�  capital

Readiness-­‐oriented�  youth�  livelihood�  programs�  -­‐

�  �  �  

LIVELIHOOD�  PROGRAMMINGLivelihood�  development�  programming�  also�  

services�  that�  can�  enhance�  their�  economic�  suc-­‐-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

Readiness-­‐�  and�  access-­‐oriented�  youth�  livelihood�  

-­‐

government,�  donor�  or�  household�  actors,�  in-­‐

to�  convert�  readiness-­‐oriented�  investments�  

-­‐

partnerships�  or�  alliances�  among�  mainstream�  

development�  service�  providers,�  and�  youth-­‐�  or�  

Page 15: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

Both�  readiness-­‐�  and�  access-­‐oriented�  programs�  

-­‐

-­‐

MEASURING�  OUTCOMES�  AND�  IMPACTS

programming�  include�  improved�  competencies�  -­‐

-­‐

outcomes�  in�  other�  development�  sectors�  such�  as�  -­‐

reduced�  crime�  and�  violence�  or�  a�  decrease�  in�  -­‐

-­‐

-­‐

STRATEGIC�  PLANNING-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

Page 16: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

-­‐

-­‐

�  �  

�  

�  

Livelihood�  programming�  should�  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  �  

�  youth�  development�  outcomes�  Youth�  livelihood�  programs�  should�  be�  cross-­‐�  

-­‐

livelihood�  development�  programming�  that�  -­‐

donors,�  governments�  and�  others�  in�  youth�  

barriers�  that�  youth�  and�  their�  households�  

people�  is�  that�  since�  a�  high�  percentage�  is�  deemed�  

-­‐sion�  that�  youth�  invariably�  need�  more�  technical�  

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

Page 17: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

-­‐-­‐

�  case�  studies�  see�  �  �  or�  go�  to�  the�  EQUIP3�  

-­‐

-­‐

the�  employment�  mainstream�  in�  many�  countries�  

-­‐

ARE�  LINKED�  TO�  HOUSEHOLD�  LIVELIHOOD�  STRATEGIES�  

Another�  common�  misunderstanding�  is�  that�  

-­‐

household-­‐level�  economic�  survival�  strategies,�  as�  

-­‐

ENGAGED�  IN�  PLANNING�  FOR�  YOUTH�  LIVELIHOOD�  DEVELOPMENT

-­‐

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8�  �  �  |�  �  �  �  �  �   Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

the�  Philippines,�  Uganda,�  Indonesia,�  and�  the�  

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

EDUCATION�  WITH�  WORK

-­‐

-­‐mal�  training�  versus�  livelihood�  coach-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

Page 19: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

Realizing�  

Child�  Labor:�  

Children�  

-­‐

earning”�  programs�  are�  pro-­‐poor�  and�  youth�  

-­‐

-­‐

�  

�  

�  

�  

�   ocus�  is�  on�  improving�  the�  supply�  and�  

�  

�  

�  

�  

�  

-­‐

-­‐-­‐

-­‐preneurs�  succeed,�  the�  young�  people�  themselves�  

-­‐

Unpaid,�  Individual/

:SCHOOL

WORK

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Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

FROM�  EXISTING�  ASSETS�  AND�  ACTIVITIES-­‐

involvement�  in�  the�  planning�  process�  becomes�  

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

�  

�  

Page 21: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

�  

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

must�  be�  driven�  more�  by�  youth�  and�  their�  house-­‐

Engaging�  youth�  and�  their�  households�  in�  each�  -­‐-­‐

-­‐

-­‐-­‐

see�  

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

DRIVER�  OF�  POSITIVE�  YOUTH�  DEVELOPMENT�  OUTCOMES�  

It�  has�  become�  increasingly�  clear�  that�  older�  teenagers�  and�  young�  adults�  need�  livelihood�  

-­‐-­‐

ing�  evidence�  that�  livelihood�  development�  is�  the�  

Page 22: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

sustainable�  peace�  and�  community�  engagement�  is�  increasingly�  understood�  to�  be�  youth�  livelihood�  

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

at�  increasingly�  younger�  ages�  many�  youth�  

-­‐

-­‐

young�  people�  are�  socialized,�  and�  it�  can�  provide�  

CUTTING�  OUTCOMES�  AND�  IMPACTS-­‐

consider�  that�  investments�  in�  youth�  livelihood�  

to�  achieve�  desired�  sectoral�  outcomes�  in�  democ-­‐-­‐

-­‐

youth�  development�  outcomes�  or�  contribute�  to�  -­‐

suggests�  that�  youth�  livelihood�  programming�  

-­‐

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Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

-­‐

-­‐

�  demonstrates�  the�  

programs,�  service�  learning,�  and�  community�  

heritage,�  economic�  status�  or�  geographic�  loca-­‐

-­‐

development�  may�  produce�  broader�  and�  deeper�  results�  in�  public�  health�  or�  social�  stability�  than�  spending�  increased�  resources�  on�  stand-­‐alone�  

-­‐

outcomes�  in�  health,�  or�  democracy�  and�  gover-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

-­‐

categories�  that�  are�  described�  in�  detail�  in�  Sec-­‐

Page 24: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

�  Academic�  subjects

�  Literacy�  and�  numeracy

Entrepreneurial�  training

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Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

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Page 27: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

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Page 28: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

Youth�  Livelihoods�  Development�  Program�  Guide

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Page 29: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

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Page 33: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

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Page 34: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

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Page 35: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

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Considering�  the�  physical�  asset�  needs�  

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Page 37: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

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Page 39: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

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Page 40: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

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Page 41: zKhd, >/s >/,KK ^ s >KWD Ed WZK'Z D 'h/ · YouthLivelihoodsDevelopmentProgramGuide |i ProjectContacts: BarryStern Director,EQUIP3 µ } v À o } u v v U / v X

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