zinc nutrient initiative joint meeting brussels
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Andrew Green, Ph.D.Director- Environment, Health & Sustainability
Zinc Nutrient Initiative
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World Map – Zinc Deficiency
Soils
Humans
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• 4-yr program Global effort with a focus in China & India
Goals: • Increased use of zinc fertilizer• Increased crop production• Increased nutritional status
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• Demonstration crop trials
• Communication activities
• Workshops/seminars
• Country-based marketing
Approach
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Demonstration Field Trails
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Int’l ZincAssoc.
OMEX AgrifluidsLtd. England
Mosaic Co.USA
K+S KALI GmbH Germany
Harvest Plus Zinc Fertilizer Program (www.harvestzinc.org)
CHINACAU: China Agric.
University
INDIAIARI: Indian
Agric. Res. Inst.
TURKEYMinistry of Agriculture
THAILANDChiang Mai University
PAKISTANNARC: Nat.
Agric. Res. Cen.
MOZAMBIQUE IIAM: Inst Inv Agr
Moz
BRAZILAPTA:Agência
Paulista Tec Agr.
Collaborating Countries/Institutions
Int’l Fertilizer Ind. Assoc.
France
Int’l Plant Nutr.
Inst. USA
ZIMBABWESoil Fertility Cons.
for Southern Africa
Coordinating Institution
•
Canada Germany
Brazil
Zimbabwe
Zambia
MozambiqueSouth Africa
Ethiopia
Pakistan
India
Kazakhstan
Iran
Laos
China
Thailand
Australia
Turkey
International Zinc Assoc.
Coordinating InstitutionCoordinating Institution: : Sabanci UniversitySabanci University
Global Zinc Fertilizer ProjectGlobal Zinc Fertilizer Project
MexicoGuatemala
Argentina
Average of all countries -Zn: 26 +Zn:50
Country/Location -Zn +Zn
IndiaVaranasi 29 47PAU-I 25 81PAU-II 28 77PAU-III 26 61PAU-IV 49 65IARI 33 45
KazakhstanLoc-I 19 54Loc-II 28 73
PakistanLoc-I 27 48Loc-II 28 44Loc-III 30 40Loc-IV 29 60
mg kg-1
Country/Location -Zn +Zn
MexicoYear-I 21 45Year-II 36 60
TurkeyKonya 12 29Adana 32 57Samsun 23 49Eskisehir 22 43
ChinaLoc-I 28 54Loc-II 19 26
AustraliaLoc-I 18 39
GermanyAverage 20 32
IranAverage 17 28
BrazilAverage 30 52
mg kg-1
Average Grain Zn Concentrations
(10 Countries with 32 locations)
-Zn: 26 ppm+Zn: 50 ppm
Grain Zn concentration in different countries with and without zinc fertilization
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eIZA Crop Zinc Trials
India – 17 wheat and rice trialsChina – 24 trials in 6 provinces with rice, wheat & maizeThailand - 2 rice trialsSouth Africa - 2 maize trialsBrazil – 2 soybean trials
Total of 47 crop trials globally
There was an increase in grain yield up to 20 % by Zn application in the experimental sites of the
Nakorn Nayok and Chiang Mai Provinces
Zinc Applications improved rice grain yield up to 30 % in some locations of the Orissa State INDIA
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Zinc Applications improved wheat grain yield, on average, 9 % in 6 locations of the Uttar
Pradesh and Haryana States
Zinc Applications improved wheat grain yield, on average, 7 % in 3 locations of Punjab State
Zinc Applications improved rice grain yield, on average, 9 % in 4
locations of the Punjab State
No change in maize grain yield in South Africa by Zn applications; but grain Zn was increased up to 20 %
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Zinc Applications improved rice grain yield 20 % in 2 locations of
Sichaun, China
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+Zn+Zn -Zn-Zn
Zinc is essential for crops
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But…• Quality of zinc products a critical issue
• As, Pb and Cd reported in micronutrient fertilizers in range of 100’s – 1000’s of mg/kg
• Shipment of contaminated zinc fertilizer from China to S. Africa recently made the international news
• MgSO4 sold as ZnSO4 in Thailand & India
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Code of Practice needed
• ensure the safe and sustainable use of zinc-fertilizer products
• ensure quality of products for farmers
• help develop and grow zinc fertilizer market
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Two key goals of CoP
1) safe & sustainable product
1) Limits achievable by industry
• Working with Dr. Mike McLaughlin, CSIRO & University of Adelaide
• Review by Dr. Rufus Chaney, USDA
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New Australian Guidelines for Limits of Contaminants in Fertilizers
• State-of-science for setting limits
• Uses critical loading approach based on 100-yr scenario
• Considers multiple exposure pathways: plants, animals, humans, groundwater, runoff
• Official status of guidelines is draft but IZA given green light now to use methodology
• Will use limits as Tier 1, modify in Tier 2 with bioavailability & site-specific information
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What the numbers would mean for Zn sulfate
Element Maximum allowed
concentration per kg Zn
(mg element/kg Zn)
Proposed maximum allowed
concentration in ZnSO4
(heptahydrate) (mg element/kg
pure ZnSO4.7H2O)
US EPA maximum allowed
concentration in ZnSO4 (mg
element/kg pure ZnSO4.7H2O)
As 600 137 7
Cd 680 240 32
Cr 8100 1843 14
Hg 130 30 7
Pb 530 185 64
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What the numbers would mean for ZnO
Element Maximum allowed
concentration per kg Zn
(mg element/kg Zn)
Proposed maximum allowed
concentration in ZnO
(mg element/kg pure ZnO)
US EPA maximum allowed
concentration in ZnO
(mg element/kg pure ZnO)
As 600 482 24
Cd 680 546 112
Cr 8100 6508 48
Hg 130 104 24
Pb 530 662 225
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ZnO Research
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Zincsulfate
DP 1 DP 2 CP 1 FP 1 FP 2 ZnO 1 ZnO 2
Zn Product
Plan
t Zn
deriv
ed fr
om
prod
uct (
%)
e
cdbc
d
abcaba
d
Alkaline calcareous soil
• Significant difference in size and solubility of ZnO
• Uptake by plant not related to solubility, ZnO performed better than ZnSO4 – needs confirmation
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Communication Activities:
• Case-study • Technical brochure• Publication of articles/book• Fact sheets• Newsletter• website: zinc-crops.org• Videos• Seminars/workshops
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Communication Activities:
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Communication Activities:
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Zinc Fertilizer Seminars• Mexico
• Brazil
• China
• Thailand
• India
• South Africa
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www.zinccrops2011.org
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• 4-5 minutes videos being developed for India & China
• 2-3 minute international video planned
• Time-elapsed videos developed from greenhouse and field-trials in Turkey +Zn-Zn
Videos
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Country Activities
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e IZA India Actions
• Hired Director, Dr. Soumitra Das
• Crop Trials
• Policy Intervention
• Communications
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e India -NBSS• Total Indian subsidy for fertilizers is ~ 22-23 billion USD
• In old system, maximum retail price (MRP) of fertilizers set by government
• In NBSS, subsidy given on individual nutrients based on nutrient need. NBSS promotes balanced fertilization.
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e India- NBSS
• Subsidy for zinc has now been included in NBSS
• First time zinc has been included in central government subsidization scheme
• 500 INR subsidy paid to fertilizer companies that fortify with Zn.
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e IZA India Actions
• Policy Intervention• Develop IZA/FAI/ICAR Report on Zinc• Zinc Oxide Registration • Increase zinc subsidy
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e IZA India Actions
•Communications• Zinc Training Program• Regional Workshops• International Zinc Conference• Institutional Award• Fertilizer Companies
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e China• Hired Director, Dr. Ming Fan
• Crop Trials
• Policy Intervention
• Communications
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e IZA China Actions
• Policy Intervention• Develop IZA/CAU/CAAS Report on Zinc – • Zinc Labeling Standard• Add zinc to provincial/state level recommendations
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e IZA China Actions
• Communications• Zinc Training Program • Regional Workshops • IZA/IFA Task Force Roundtable• Fertilizer Companies • Partnerships with NPK groups
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e Thailand• Working with Padaeng Industry
• Crop Trials
• Policy Intervention
• Communications
Workshop planned in 4th quarter
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e Brazil• Working with Votorantim
• Crop Trials
• Policy Intervention
• Communications
Workshop planned in November
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e Malawi• Proposal to CFC in partnership with ILZSG for $120,000
• Crop Trials
• Policy Intervention
• Communications
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e Partnerships Needed for Success• IFA• IPNI• The Sulfur Institute• CFC/ILZSG• Governments• U.S. AID• Gates Foundation• Fertilizer Companies
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e Fertilizer Affiliate Members• Mosaic• Deepak Fertilizers• Beijing Xinhefeng Agrochemical • Omex Agricultural• Tetra Micronutrients• International Raw Materials
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• Zinc deficiency – in humans and crops is a critical, global, and linked issue
• Problem is solvable – Zinc Fertilizer
• Benefits include increased food, nutrition, health and economics
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