zakir s pollution
TRANSCRIPT
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AIR POLLUTION
Presented by
MOHD.ZAKIR ALI
VISAKHAPATNAM
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ENVIRONMENT sum of all social, economical ,biological,
physical or chemical factors which constitutethe surroundings of man who is both creator
and moulder is called environment. Environment consists of
Abiotic
Biotic and
Energy components
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SEGMENTS OF ENVIRONMENT
Atmospherethe protective thick gaseous layers surrounding the earth
HydrosphereIt deals with water which includes sea, rivers, oceans,
lakes etc.
LithosphereThe solid components of the earth which includes soil,
rocks, and other nonliving things.
BiosphereIt deals with living things present in atmosphere and
hydrosphere.
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Types of Pollution
1. Air Pollution
2. Water pollution
3. Soil pollution4. Sound pollution
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COMPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERE
The natural air consists of
N2 = 78.84%
O2 = 20.94%
CO2 = 0.03%
Ar.& others= 1%
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Air pollution
Direct or indirect introduction of anymaterial in to the atmosphere in anamount that effects the quantity and
composition of the outside atmosphereresulting in detrimental effect on humanbeings and non-living things is called airpollution
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Air pollution is most important from
public point of view, because every
individual person breathes
approximately 22000 times a day
inhaling about 15 to 22 kgs of air daily.
The polluted air causes ill effects.
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CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
NATURAL CAUSES
Volcanic eruptions
Burning of forests Storms
Virus & bacteria
Earthquakes
MAN-MADE CAUSES
Increase in humanpopulation
Rapid industrialization
Deforestation
Transportation services
Agricultural activities Radioactive substances
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INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
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INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
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VOLCANIC ERUPTION
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LAVA
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POLLUTANT
The excess concentration anyunwanted gaseous substance presentin atmosphere that causes harmful
effect to the living and nonlivingthings is called pollutant.
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Classificationof pollutants
1. primary pollutants
The substances which are produced at the source itself and enters into the atmosphere directly.
co2, co, NO
x, so
x
2. Secondary pollutants.
The primary pollutants undergo chemical reaction inpresence of sun light and produce a new toxicsubstances are called secondary pollutants
PAN,PBN and any photochemical smog.
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Types of pollutants
Gaseous pollutants
CO, CO2, NOx, SOx, CFCs, HF,
Hydrocarbons and all other vapours. Particulates
dust, smoke,
Aerosolsmist, fog ,fumes & gases and smog
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Effects of air pollution
Carbon monoxide:It combines with haemoglobin and forms
carboxyhaemoglobin which leads to death.
It causesheadache, nausea, hard breathing, cardiovascular
disorders and lung cancer.
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SULPHUR OXIDES It causes respiratory problems like bronchitis
It causes chlorosis, necrosis, plasmolysis, and
retards growth of plants.
It causes acid rains
It causes corrosion of metals
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Carbon dioxide:
It leads to rise in global warming.
due to which the icebergs melt
,water levels increases in oceans
and submerge cities Islands may
disappear
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Nitrogen oxides
These oxides form PAN and PBN by
undergoing chemical reaction in thepresence of sun light.
They lead to acid rains which damage crops
and structures and causes skin cancer, eye
irritation and asthma.
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Effects of air pollution on plants
Acid rain destroys crops and forests.
SO2: it causes bleaching of leaves.
NO2 : it causes bleaching of leaves and
reduced fruit production.
HF: it damages the crops.
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Effects of air pollution on property
SO2: it causes corrosion and damages
marble structures, eg., Tajmahal.NO2 & H2S: cause corrosion of buildings
and darkening of painted surfaces.
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General effects air pollution
Green house effect
Ozone depletion
Acid rain
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DEPLETION OF OZONE LAYER
The ozone layer is present in stratosphere which is extended
from 11 to 15 km from the surface of earth
It protects the living things from UV radiation OZONE LAYER is depleted by various pollutants NOX, CFCs
present in the atmosphere.
Due to depletion of ozone layer the UV radiation passes on to
the surface of the earth and it effects
1.Gobal temperature2.Rate of photosynthesis
3.Causes skin diseases
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Ozone is mainly broken down by chemicals called
Chlorofluorocarbons and also by nitrogen oxides. CFC's
ironically were first used in large quantities because they were
thought to be safe and inert (unreactive) chemicals. They are agroup of chemically similar gases used in refrigeration systems,
air conditioners, aerosols, solvents and in the production of
some types of packaging. Nitrogen oxides are a by-product of
fuel burning, e.g. aircraft exhausts.
CFC's don't occur naturally, they are man-made chemicals.They are very useful when they are where they are supposed
to be, and doing what they are supposed to be doing. But once
released into the atmosphere they are a serious pollutants.
The actual reactions that destroy ozone are very complicated.
They take place on the surface of the ice particles of the PolarStratospheric Clouds and it takes only a small amount of
CFC to destroy an awful lot of ozone.
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troposphere
stratosphere
mesosphere
ionosphere
Depletion of ozone
layer
EARTH
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Control of air pollution
Air pollution can be controlled by Periodical checking of industrial machinery
Periodical checking of automobile engines.
Industrial zoning i.e., separation ofindustries from cities & towns by forests.
Reduction of smoke at source itself, such
as installing electrostatic precipitators,etc.,
By growing more trees
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