Superconductivity Research Laboratory (SRL),

International Superconductivity Technology Center (ISTEC),

Director General , Emeritus

Yuh SHIOHARA

March 26 th~ March 27 th, 2015 @ Tokyo , Japan

“Current Status of R&D on

REBCO Coated Conductors in Japan”

-for the Aviation of the Future-

1/19

Europe- Japan Symposium Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future

’86 ’87 ’91 ’98 ’03 ’08 ’13 ’16

Disc

ove

ry o

f L

a-S

r-C

a-C

u-O

Disc

ove

ry o

f Y

BC

O

Drs. J.R.Bednorz

& K.A.Muller

Prof. Paul Chu

National

Project

FTSA–(I)

CC:

IBAD-PLD

ISD-PLD

MOCVD

MOD

LPE

RABiTS etc.

Bulk Flywheel Current Lead

National

Project

FTSA–(II)

CC:

IBAD-PLD

IBAD-MOD

IBAD -MOCVD

RABiTS-PLD

etc.

AC cable Transformer

FCL Ship Propulsion

Motor Refrigerator (Turbo Brayton)

55mx40A

(IBAD-PLD)

50mx104A/cm

2

(ISD-PLD)

National

Project

M-PACC

CC:

IBAD-PLD

IBAD-MOD

IBAD -MOCVD

RABiTS-PLD

etc.

SMES Transformer

AC cable Refrigerator (Turbo Brayton)

504mx350A

(IBAD-PLD)

250mx310A

(IBAD-MOD)

FTSA : Fundamental Technologies for Superconductivity Applications

M-PACC : Materials & Power Applications of Coated Conductors

FT-Coils : Development of Fundamental Technologies for HTS Coils

National Project

Fundamental

Materials Science&

Engineering

Physics ＆Chemistry

HTS Mechanism

Search for new HTS

Single X’tal Growth

Bulk HTS Processing

Thin Film Processing

NEDO Project NEDO Project NEDO Project

National

Project

FT-Coils

(Medical Appl.)

CC:

IBAD-PLD

IBAD-MOD

MRI (3T & 10T)

Medical Accelerator

Gantry

METI Project

816mx572A

(IBAD-PLD)

500mx310A

(IBAD-MOD)

1mx37A

(IBAD-PLD)

History of R&D for Coated Conductors in Japan

Hastelloy C-276

IBAD-GZO/MgO

PLD-CeO2

(Y or Gd)123

Ag/Cu

2/19

Year

I c (

A/m

m2

@77K

) x

L (

km

)

Paul Chu

350A/504m Fujikura

(2008.06)

600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

572A/816m Fujikura (2011.02)

176A/2084m Sumitomo

(2009)

153A/1311m SuperPower

(2008.08)

173A/595m SuperPower

(2007.01)

213A/245m SRL-ISTEC (2005.08)

BSCCO

580A/1040m Fujikura (2012)

466A/540m AMSC

(2010.10)

282A/1065m

SuperPower

(2009.08)

422 A/1000 m SuNAM (2012.1)

579 A/978 m SuNAM (2014.4)

310A/500m SWCC

(2008.05)

YBCO

J.R.Bednorz

& K.A.Muller

YBCO

Discovery of HTS

BSCCO

H.Maeda

R&D Competition of Coated Conductors in the World

Hastelloy C-276

IBAD-GZO/MgO

PLD-CeO2

(Y or Gd)123

Ag/Cu

BSCCO YBCO

3/19

Wire A Wire B Wire C

1. Piece length 621 m 700 m 587 m

2. Ic (max.)** 700 A 590 A 562 A

3. Ic (min.)** 649 A 555 A 533 A

4. Ic (avg.)** 677 A 575 A 550 A

5. Uniformity* 7.5 % 6.1 % 5.2 %

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 7000

200

400

600

800

I c(7

7 K

) (A

)

Position (m)

Wire A

Wire B

Wire C

*Uniformity : {Ic (max.) - Ic (min.)} / Ic (avg.) x 100

Measured every 4.7 m

Ic criterion : 1 mV/cm

**10 mm-W

Current-transport measurements at every 4.7m long

800

600

400

200

0

500

I c

(A

/cm

-w@

77K

, s.

f.)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Wire A

Wire B

Wire C

Commercially Available 2G-Coated Conductors by Fujikura

IBAD

PLD

Position (m)

4/19

Thickness of EuBCO+BHO Layer (m m)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 1 2 3 4

I c(A

/cm

-w)

EuBCO with BHO thickness (mm)

77 K, 3 T

EuBCO with BHO (◇)(low depo. rate)

EuBCO with BHO (●)(high depo. rate)

Thickness of EuBCO+BHO Layer (m m)

0 1 2 3 4

(PLD) Low Deposition Rate : ~ 10m m/h

High Deposition Rate: ~ 40m m/h

Angle of Applied Magnetic Field, q (°)

High Self-Field & In-Field Ic with High Deposition Rate

@77K, 3T

@77K, s.f.

@77K, 3T

5/19

Ic (A/cm-w)

T, B

EuBCO +

BHO

Commercial

Based C.C.

77K 3T 141 26

65K 3T 616 149

50K 3T 1400 395

50K10T 500 124

30K 3T 2730 830

30K10T 1180 372

20K10T 1630 516

EuBCO+BHO

141A/cm-w

GdBCO+BHO 85A/cm-w

Commercially available

BHO BSO BZO pure

0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Thickness of SC Layer (mm)

@77K, 3T 160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0 Cri

tica

l C

urr

ent,

Ic (

A/c

m-w

@77k

,3T

) Extremely High In-Field Ic of 3G - C.C.

Hastelloy C-276

IBAD-MgO

PLD-CeO2

(Y or Gd)123

Ag/Cu

100~120 m m

Ic (A /cm-w) ≒ Je (A/mm2)

PLD

6/19

@77 K, Self-Field

Thickness (m m)

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Cri

tical

Cu

rren

t,

I c(A

/cm

-w)

Y-TFA, Gd-TFA, Ba-TFA, Cu-Oct + Zr-Oct

(0.77 : 0.23 : 1.6 : 3.0 : 0.1)

Dependence of HTS Layer Thickness on Critical Currents of CCs Fabricated by TFA-MOD Process

TFA-MOD

500m Batch type Furnace for 123 phase Crystallization

MO Solution

Multi-Turn

RTR Coating & Calcination

7/19

@65 K, 3 T

Jc(min.) = 1.63 MA/cm2

Jc(min.) = 1.14 MA/cm2

Jc(min.) = 0.82 MA/cm2

MOD (conventional) 2. 6m mt

PLD 3.6m mt

MOD (New) 0.56m mt

Angle of Applied Magnetic Field, q (°)

Cri

tical

Cu

rren

t D

ensi

ty, J

c

(MA

/cm

2)

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

2.0

1.6

1.2

0.8

0.4

0

Improvement of In-Field Critical Currents of CCs Fabricated by Low Cost TFA-MOD Process

in Comparison with PLD Process

50nm

BHO

BZO

TFA-MOD

PLD

8/19

Long Length CCs (Ic x L)

Fujikura 603 kAm > SuNAM

566 kAm > SuperPower 300 kAm

in-Field Ic and Length (Vapor Phase Deposition) (Ic x L)

ISTEC 200m x 54A @77K,3T

94m x 108A @77K,3T

SuperPower 50m x 14A @77K,3T

43A(Commercial) @77K,3T

Long C.C.

ISTEC, SWCC 124mx 50A @77K,3T

ISTEC

55A @77K,3T > amsc

10A @77K,1T

ISTEC

141A @77K,3T

2730A @50K,3T

> SuperPower

86A @77K,3T B//c

2742A @50K,3T B//c

SuNAM

30A @77K,3T

~ ~

Comparison of Performance of C.C. in the World

Short C.C.

in-Field Ic and Length (Liquid Solution Process) (Ic x L)

Short C.C.

Long C.C.

> ~

9/19

“Development of HTS Coiling Technology” Realization of He-less Medical Magnets

1. HTS Coils for 3T & 10T MRI

· 10ppm in 40cmf

with 1 ppm/h @ 3, 10T

2. HTS Coils for Medical Accelerator & Gantry

· 100ppm Deviation of B in 10cmf

under Pattern Excitation to 3T

3. Common Core Technologies for HTS Coils

“Coil operated with He-free” and “Low Loss Coil”

“Long CC with High Ic(B)” and “Ultra-low Loss CC”

Current National Project (METI) in JAPAN

10/19

Theme of R&D Expected Goals

Coated

Conductors

Long Coated Conductor(CC) with High in-field Ic

Reduction of Heat Generation for Long CC

(Uniform Ic, Filamentation, Joints with low resistivity)

200m long C.C. with Ic: 600A/cm-w@65K,3T Ic:1000A/cm-w@35K,10T

Filament width < 500mm DIc/Ic (ave) < 0.05

Joint Resistance < 3nW

New Evaluation Technique

Coiling with Cryo-cooling Technology

Fundamental Evaluation of CCs & Coils (Flux Creep, AC loss etc.)

Coiling Technology Coils by 300 & 500m CCs

Fundamental data-base of Characteristics of CCs & Coils

Evaluation of 500 m CC Coil in Liquid N2

Evaluation of 500 m CC Coil with Conduction Cooling

Long wires with high in-field performance

As high in-field performance as short samples

Evaluation technology for in-field characteristics

Long wires with low heat generation (AC losses & Joule Losses)

Uniform Ic distribution (for reduction of AC losses)

Small damage due to scribing processing (for reduction of AC losses)

Small joint resistance

Core R&D for Medical Application of Coated Conductors

11/19

Iop=185A@3.6T Load Factor =0.77 S=4.5x0.3mm2

⇒Ic = 185/0.77x(10/4.5)= 534 A/cm-w

Can we expect the above performance in Liq. N2?

Reference “Design by Kyoto Univ.”

Specifications of HTS MRI

3 T@ Bore Center BSCCO-2223

Conduction Cooling (20 K in design)

Power Supply Drive

(≠Persistent current Mode)

What Can We Expect by High Ic(B) C.C.?

12/19

141 A/cmw@77K,3T

⇒ 527 A/cm-w

@65K,3.6T

≈ 534 A ( Design by Kyoto Univ. )

MRI in Liq.N2 Feasible !

EuBCO+BHO

141A/cm-w

GdBCO+BHO 85A/cm-w

Commercially available

BHO BSO BZO pure

0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Thickness of SC Layer (mm)

@77K, 3T 160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0 Cri

tica

l C

urr

ent,

Ic (

A/c

m-w

@77k

,3T

) Possibility of

Operation in Liq. N2 for 3T-MRI

13/19

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

100 101

10Hz20Hz30HzElectric50Hz

10Hz20Hz30HzElectric50Hz

Ac L

oss (

J/c

ycle

)

I (A)

Without Striation

5 Filaments

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

-2 -1 0 1 2

90d

45d

30d

15d

-m0M

[T]

Be [T]

Sample A at 77K

100

10-1

10-2

10-3

A

C L

oss

(J

/cy

cle)

100

I (A)

101

Solenoid coil (10 turns x 19 layers)

Multi-filamentary coated conductors are effective and

promising for reduction of AC losses in a coil form!

Reduction of AC Losses in a Coil Form of C.C.

JcB 1

Number of Filaments W

Bm wn

Bm: Magnetic Field Amplitude

14/19

Reduction of AC Loss by filamentation (relative factor : vs without scribing)

Filamentation & Low AC Loss (Vapor Phase Deposition)

>> SuperPower

No Report

ISTEC

5mm-w 10Filaments-100m

AC-Loss: 1/10

ISTEC 5mm-w

10Filaments-100m

AC-Loss: 1/10 >>

amsc

No Report

ISTEC 5mm-w

10Filaments

AC-Loss: 1/10

ISTEC 10mm-W 20Filaments

AC Loss 1/20 >

SuperPower 12mm-w 15Filaments

AC Loss:1/15

Short C.C.

Long C.C.

Filamentation & Low AC Loss (Liquid Solution Process)

Short C.C.

Long C.C.

Comparison of Filamentation Performance of C.C. in the World

REBCO C.C. (5mm-w)

Laser scribing

5 Filaments

15/19

Commercially Available Refrigerators 2years ago

Prediction of COP of Refrigerator in the Future

Currently Commercially Available Refrigerator & Prediction of COP in the future

Turbo Brayton refrigerator was successfully developed in the M-PACC Project. 2 kW @ 65 K, COP ≥ 0.06 @ 80 K

~6 ton/2kW ⇒3 kg/W (Lighter weight could be possible)

16/19

Project title: Development of REBCO Fully Superconducting Rotating Machines

Principal investigator: Prof. M. Iwakuma, Kyushu University, Japan

Research and development of fully REBCO superconducting rotating machines

Applying our original technologies, we will first

develop superconducting armature windings with low

ac loss characteristics and a large current capacity.

Combination with rotating REBCO superconducting

field windings makes it possible to install the both

windings into the same casing resulting in reduction of

the gap distance and constitute it as a compact

superconducting synchronous rotating machine of

high output power density and the high efficiency.

This rotating machine will bring us the realization of the

“low-carbon society” through effective energy savings.

Purpose

Brief Summary

GNe or GHe

Slip ring

Back iron

Heat insulating axis

Magnetic fluid seal

Vacuum He

Development of REBCO Fully Superconducting Rotating Machines

17/19

Proposed R&D for Coated Conductors

Development of REBCO Coated Conductors (3G-CC) High Critical current：Ic (Je) e.g. 2,000A/cm-w , e.g. 2mm in thickness

Jc ＞10ＭＡ／cm２

High In-Field Critical Current：Ic, min - B e.g. Ic: > 600A/cm-w@65K,3T Ic:> 1000A/cm-w@35K,10T Low AC (hysteresis)Loss： Uniformity of Ic &Jc in width and length directions of CC Multi Filamentation (Laser Scribing) < 500mm Low Resistance Joint (incl. persistent joint)： High Mechanical Strength： Delamination, Tensile, Bending Low Cost Process： High Production Rate, High Ic , High Production Yields Development of Coiling (Winding) Technology Pancake (Race-track), Solenoid, Uniform & High Magnetic Field Generation Development of Cryo-cooling Technology Compact, Light weight, Efficient (high COP) Refrigerator, He-free Demonstration of Feasibility of HTS Power Devices Electric Power Devices (incl. Magnets), Rotating Machines (Motor, Generator (incl. Wind Power))

18/19

END

Thank you for your attention

Beginning of HTS

Application to Aeronautics

19/24 19/19