ytmhrt |§s@ for atlanta church.pdfytmhrt |§s@ m\r¬wÃn kìktr tsÍü ébl@ 4 Ækãn bz!h ylû! yh...

$: yTMHRt |§s@ for Atlanta Church.pdfyTMHRt |§s@ m\r¬WÃN kìKtR tSÍü ébl@ 4 ÆKãN bz!H Ylû! YH {/#F wNg@§êET b@t KRStEÃN xT§N¬½ wR^ mSkrM 2016 ›.M1 §Y lxgLU×Cê bxzUjCW$
yTMHRt |sects mrnotWAtildeN

ngr mldividenotecircEAcirc QBt XMnnotecircE xNDMnot

xTtimesugraveAtilde wNgsectecircET bt KRStEAtildeN

bxTsectNnot lxgLUtimesC btzUjW Wd _AcircT sectY

yqrb _AcircnotecircE F

mSkrM 17 qN 2016 rsaquoM XNd gOumlRgOumlpermiluacuteWAtilden yzmN qmR

xzUJAcirc xQpermilb

igraveKtR tSIacuteuuml eacutebl

yTMHRt |sects mrnotWAtildeN kigraveKtR tSIacuteuuml eacutebl

2

copyCopyright 2015mdashDr Tesfaye Robele

RXSmdash yTMHRt |sects mrnotWAtildeN ngr mldividenotecircEAcirc QBt XMnnotecircE xNDMnot

xzUJAcirc Qpermilbmdash igraveKtR tSIacuteuuml eacutebl

YH xTtimesugraveAtilde wNgsectecircET bt KRStEAtildeN xTsectNnotfrac12 lxgLUtimesCecirc AEligzUjCW Wd _AcircT

sectY yqrb F nWYacuteYacute

kWd _Acirct$ notAumlcedil WAgravefrac12 Atildel [êthW frdquoD xAEligZegrave yenuacutetMM ccediln ytwsnN KFL btlAtildedagger mNgigraveC yenpermilAEligTfrac14yenAEligsup2T b_BQ ytklkl nWYacuteYacute mrcopy lmWsD ktflgfrac12

xmicroAumlyenecircE |RTN btktl mLkfrac12 b~AumlG mzKR sectY l-qS wYM yucirc xAEligpara sectY bGL lmsectkT YgAEligecircLYacuteYacute

Ldagger mGlAring microLqrb bStqRfrac12 ytktLnW ygOumlRgOumleacuteuacuteWAtildenN yzmN xsup3Egrave-R nWYacuteYacute

ecircRAtildeecircE xbWNfrac12 qdMT XNAumlhM d`RT ybt KRStEAtildeN xAEligegraveCN SM btmlktfrac12

bxyenRfrac34 ytUacuteucirc _NnotecircE aeligCN SAtilderaquo tkTAtildelhYacuteYacute

ymF QCcedilS _QicircC ytwsCcedilT yxTtimesugraveAtilde ymF QCcedilS yen~bR bxTtimesugraveAtildeN zmN xsup3Egrave-R b1954 rsaquoM microuacutetmW qAumlyenecircE ^Yl |sects TRgcurrenM XNAumlhM yxNtRAcircgtAcircL

ymF QCcedilS yen~bR b1993 rsaquoM microuacutetmW yxAumls mdbfrac34 TRgcurrenM nWYacuteYacute

_Atildeqampfrac12 xStAtildeyTM ccediln S microLatilde l[êthW bcedilktlW xDpermilš YUacuteucircmdash

DR TESFAYE ROBELE 271 VILLAGE DRIVE

LOGANVILLE GA 30052

TITLEmdashTHE TRINITY THEOLOGICAL AND APOLOGETICAL ANALYSIS 101

PUBLISHERmdashTHE ETHIOPIAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH IN ATLANTA

copyCOPYRIGHT 2015mdashDR TESFAYE ROBELE

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED STORED IN A RETRIEVAL SYSTEM OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS-ELECTRONIC

MECHANICAL PHOTOCOPYING OR OTHER WISE-WITHOUT THE PRIOR PERMISSION OF THE AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT OWNER

COMMENTS QUESTIONS AND CRITICISMS OF THIS HANDOUT ARE WELCOME PLEASE ADDRESS

ALL CORRESPONDENCE TO THE AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT OWNER AT THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS


LOGANVILLE GA 30052 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA


3



bUR 1 XAEligKatildeN bzH Ylucirc3 2 xStMHeacuteWAcirc zmnfrac34W MiT6 3 yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN SnottEStEKS bxTtimesugraveAtilde8 4 yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC rsaquolM qIacuteecircE SnottEStEKS10

5 yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC SnottEStEKS bxTtimesugraveAtilde11

6 |sects yenlT MN yenlT nW 14 7 yen_lAtildeAcirc yen-NfethAtilde17

8 TMHRt |sectsN lyenAtildeMn ymnotzbAtilde _AtildeqampatildeC 29 9 bQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT zgAElig bRG_ xysS KRSegraveS yennW 31

10 xysS KRSegraveS xMsectmicroecircE SM xlW 35 11 xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT AcirccW 96 12 xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccWN 110


4

AEligKatildeN bzH Ylucirc YH F wNgsectecircET bt KRStEAtildeN xTsectNnotfrac12 wR^ mSkrM 2016 rsaquoM1 sectY

lxgLUtimesCecirc bxzUjCW Wd _AcircT sectY yqrbfrac12 yyenStyenparaAtilde snD nWYacuteYacute ucircM ccediln

bwQt$ ycedilqRbW TMHRTfrac12 xStMHeacuteWN knotparaKAcirc kxmKNtimes xNUacuteR bSIacuteT

ycediltnTN xYdlMiquest YLq$NM bxStMHeacuteW sectY ycedilsnzbdquo zmN Atildefdeg xmicroyumligraveCAcirc

MLknotatildeCN bwF brR ycediltC uacuteecircE F XNcopyYacuteYacute XnzH ST TNnotnatildeC

ycedilktlT AcirccWmdashbxND wgN xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS yxND xMsectK mglAringatildeC

XNcopyfrac12 y|sects xmicrosectT xYdlM ycedillW sAEligLtimesuacuteecircEE2 xStuacutesB sccedilNfrac12 wLD xMsectK

xYdlMfrac12 mNfS QCcedilSM yxMsectK TNIacutegt nW ycedillW xRtimesuacuteecircE3 xtAtildeY dGauml lsectW

yTNnotn NF nWYacuteYacute yM|permilIgraveM ccedilnC yMpermilAElig bt KRStEAtildeN XNAumlhM kzmn tDicirc

jMeacute ywNgsectWAtildeN xBAtildet KRStEAtildeAcircTfrac12 XnzH hlT xyenpermil+ TNnotnatildeC ytuacuteuacutet$Acirc

lQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT TMHRT F[M AEligYtecircR AcirccW sl bn kOumlNnWnotLmdash(WgZ

kmxRtimesSfrac12 kmsAEligLtimesS ycedillWN qdMT ybt KRStEAtildeN qntildeAcirc AtildeSnotWuacuteL)YacuteYacute

bXn xtAtildeY XnzH hlT ytWgrgbdquoAcirc mSmR yuacutet$ MLknotatildeCfrac12 lMN ST

XNd ccediln btuacutemicro mNgD yenuacuteyTfrac12 TMHRt |sectsN lyenStyenR hnfrac34 xqpermilrB nW

ycedilL xIgraveM xlYacuteYacute XnzHN hlT NaeligC kmNgD yenSwEgraveTfrac12 TMHRt |sectsN

btwsn mLk Atilde[DrdquoL AEligY nYacuteYacute kzH TMHRnotecircE IacuteYAuml bt=yenparafrac12 XnzHN hlT

mAcircFrdquoecircE TMHRegraveC bwG mkOumlnnfrac12 lwNgL |R+TAcirc lQBt XMnT TLQ

mdsectDL ycedilAtildentildeR YmSlfrac34LYacuteYacute xNdfrac34iquest YHN Atilderj Atildefj mAcircFrdquoecircE TMHRT bAcircT

ycedilsBk bRmicronot mAcircFrdquoecircE DRJegraveC bzparaAtildeCN XNd xsup1N Slflfrac12 yCGbdquoN slAEligatildeC

bQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT mD^nTnTfrac12 bTMHRT wgš yyenkM KHlOumlT AtildegOumlAcircIacuteLYacuteYacute

hltfrac34iquest KRStEAtildentildeC bXnzH mAcircFrdquoecircE XNQSrdquosatildeC kFtfrac34 _rdquoT XydrsAEligcW

Ygfrac34LYacuteYacute YHN _rdquoT xStyenyen bccediln mLk mmkTM ccediln mqLbS ycedilOgravelWfrac12

yTMHRt$N StT gsectLotilde byenuacuteyT BOgrave nWYacuteYacute SlzH YH TMHRT tUgraveAuml bccediln

yenlTM bwNgL |R+TAcirc bQBt XMnT _AcircT zRaeligC sectY kcurrenrT Atildedrg nWYacuteYacute

1 XNd gOumlRgOumleacuteuacuteWAtilden yzmN qmRYacuteYacute 2 yzH TMHRt qAumlyenY -Nuacutegt nW ycedilAEliglW b190 rsaquoM sectY ynbrW ysMEcircns ntilde-S bccedilNMfrac12

xStMHeacuteWN bSIacuteT AtildeStecircwqW sAEligLtimesS (217 rsaquoM) kzH TMHRT UR zwTR tAtildeYoslash YqRAEligLYacuteYacute

zmnregc$ sAEligLtimesuacuteWAtildeN (ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo xStyenparaatildeC) xysS xB ylbsWfrac14AtildedrbT xmicroL

sccedilNfrac12 tlAEligsup1 xmicroL yccedilnW xysS lAEligsup1 xmicroL kccedilnW kxB UR xND SBXAcirc xsectcW ycedilL TMHRT xsectcWYacuteYacute 3 yXSKNDparaAtilde bt KRStEAtildeN xgLUY ynbrW xRtimesS lsup2Ecircatildec$ yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCAcirc KRSegrave AumlLethAtildentildeC

mNfuacuteecircE xAEligT nWYacuteYacute


5

XNd sectyenW hl xdrcopyjt$M bhlT fRJ ytecircqr nWmdashbNGrTM

bKTbTMYacuteYacute YWM y|sects xyenNAtildeN xStMHeacuteW kmF QCcedilS ytqAuml lmccediln

kBlAtildeTAcirc kAumluacuteT ycedilAtildeqRbT yenSrcopy MNDN nW ycedillW xNCcedil sccedilNfrac12 mF

QCcedilSN mdgethAtilde byenDrG ytly TNnotn AtildeqrbT zmnregc$ sAEligLtimesuacuteWAtildeNAcirc

xRtimesuacuteWAtildeNfrac12 yTNnotnxcWN kNt$nT lyenmsectkT ycedils-W x_Ub Msectgt MNDN nW

ycedillW dGauml lsectW xmicroyumlD nWYacuteYacute YH dGauml TMHRt$ bhlT ethT ytuacutel sYF

XNAumlccedilN AtildeSClecircLmdashbwAumlHM xStMHeacuteW yQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT mrT ylWM

ycedillWN xsS gS Ysup3REgraveLiquest blsect xNUacuteR dGauml btrdquopermiln wgN AtildelTN yenSrcopyatildeC

YmrMpermilLYacuteYacute kzH ycedilgszligW TbdquoIacuteT dGaumlfrac12 xNDM KRStEAtildeAcircecircEW TMHRT Rt$

mccedilnNfrac12 blsect xNUacuteR dGauml QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT [ xLAEligAcirc w_nT AtildesectcW snigraveC

XNd ccediln mmSkR nWYacuteYacute mLmicroM _AcircTYacuteYacute


6

xStMHeacuteWAcirc zmnfrac34W MiT

TMHRt |sects yKRSTAcirc xStMHeacute yenkL yccedilnWN AtildeHLfrac12 zmN Atildefj

ynotparaKAcirc ybrvbarYyenntildeT MinotCN mccedilnN XNAumlSrAumlfrac12 XNAumlrAumlM YfqDLYacuteYacute TMHRt

|sects KRSTAcirc ytsup1mnbT DRM yenGM yccedilnWN AtildeHLfrac12 ytecircrDNbTM yenQfrac12

tgnZNbT bFnotfrac12 ytkfNbTM GMcopy nW BLfrac12 XBlTM ccediln GnT AtildelbT

xYmSlMYacuteYacute xStMHeacuteWfrac12 KRSTAcirc kllOumlC brvbarYyenntildeT TMHRegraveC ycedillYbT dyenQ

ymlAtilde mSmR YhN XNcopyfrac12 KRStEAtilden yen~brsB lAtildeWqWM ccediln k_rdquoT l-BqW

AtildeLfqdW yxStMHeacute XNsup3QLgt mccediln Xnccedil q_sectLYacuteYacute wdDNM -sectNM ymRgIacuteCN

MKNAtildeT yccedilnWN AtildeHLfrac12 yTNœxAtildeCNM B|permilT YW xStMHeacute nWYacuteYacute bx-rdquosectY

yxStMHeacuteWN yT mEgravehnT yenStNtN XNAumlhM |n xMKNtimesxecircE mrT mmRmR

yBbdquo~ zmN |RqTfrac12 bLyenCcedil xmicroyumlD mq-sectCN dGauml GAEligt mEcircnotCN mccedilnN

mGlfrac12 yzH Wd _AcircT qAumlyenY sectyen nWYacuteYacute

YH xnUgEcirc MN AtildeHL XWnT XNd ccediln bmrcopy XNDaumlGT YfqDLYacuteYacute b325

rsaquoM bnQAtildefrac12 b381 rsaquoM bqcurrenS_N_NAtildefrac12 b431 rsaquoM bxOslashicircNfrac12 b451 rsaquoM bkLqampigraveN

ytmicroyumlCcedilT yxBAtildet KRStEAtildeAcircT gAEligxatildeCfrac12 bq_notM ccediln btzecircecircparafrac12 bzh xStMHeacute

sectY ycedilAtilde-n_n nbbdquoYacuteYacute XnzH qdMT gAEligxatildeC nIacuteqampN xWGzWfrac12 brvbarYyenntildeTN

xNtWfrac12 sup2EcircM LAcircEgraveQsW ycedilgAElig seth MsectD TtWLN Ylucirc XNcopy4 sup2EcircM KRStEAtilden

yen~brsB bxStMHeacuteW sectY y-ll MLknot AtildelW xYmSLMYacuteYacute XNAumlAtildeWM bRmicronot

satildeC bt KRStEAtildeNN XyEgravel mAcircFrdquoecircE XNQSrdquosatildeCN ycedilqsectqlT bY MKNAtildeTfrac12

TMHRt |sectsN bWL AEliglmrAumlnotcW XNd ccediln SFR qcurren_R ylsectcW mrcopyatildeC

YgLUacutelYacuteYacute

bzH xNUacuteR xNAumlND SnottEStEmicroecircE zgAEligatildeCN sectQRBYacuteYacute bgOumlRgOumleacuteuacuteWAtilden yzmN

qmR b2002 rsaquoM sectYfrac12 bXNGlZ bt KRStEAtildeN5 xgLUtimesC maacuteL ytmicroyumld xND

_AcircTfrac12 satildeC bxStMHeacuteW sectY ytsup2AElig xmlmicrokT XNAumlsectcW kyenuacuteyt$M AEligšgRfrac12 y_Acirct$

W-T lBzatildeC xSgpermilcedilM xSdNU+M ccedilntilde LaeligxLYacuteYacute _Acirct$ drShAEligcW kcedilsectcW

SnottEStEmicroecircE GegraveC maacuteL xNCcedil XNdcedilktlW YnbAEligLmdash

kXNGlZ bt KRStEAtildeN xgLUtimesC maacuteLfrac12 TMHRt |sectsN btmlkt

x_Ub yenBpermilparaAtilde yenQrB ycedilClTfrac12 sAElig SMNT kmegrave (78) ycedilccediln wND

quacuteWSTfrac12 sAElig kmegrave (70) ycedilccediln sT mndivideuacuteT BOgrave AcirccW6YacuteYacute

4 ldquoWgZ kmxRtimesS wWgZ kmsAEligLtimesSrdquo ycedillWN xAEligAEligL YSnotWuacuteLYacuteYacute 5 Anglican Church or Church of England 6 Daily Telegraph July 31 2002 Peter Brierley The Mind of Anglicans (London Cost of Conscience 2002)


7

YHN blsect xgsectl SAcircqRbWfrac12 brvbarAtilde hlT kmegrave (22) wND quacuteWSTfrac12 sectuacute

kmegrave (30) sT mndivideuacuteTfrac12 TMHRt |sectsN btmlkt QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFTN -QsWAcirc

xEgraveQsWfrac12 bxStMHeacuteW sectY ldquox_Ubrdquo7 ycedilAEligL yenBpermilparaAtilde mS-T xYClM yenlT

nWYacuteYacute

XNAumlAtildeWM xND yXNGlZ bt KRStEAtildeN qampSfrac12 TMHRt |sectsNfrac12 ldquoLNsBkWM

ccediln kxdU LNksectklW AtildeLOgraveLnW yKRSTAcirc QRSrdquo8 slfrac12 bxStMHeacuteW sectY AtildesectcWN

Gpermil mUAEligT bSsectQ mGlUacutecW tzGAEligL9YacuteYacute btmuacuteuacuteY RXs gcurrenAumlY sectY ytmicroyumld lsect

_AcircT dGaumlfrac12 TMHRt |sectsfrac12 ldquolzmnfrac34 sW XJG Gpermil ycedilAtildeUAElig mrt XMnTrdquo10

BlOumlnotLYacuteYacute YH XNGAumlH bquacuteWSt$frac12 bmndivideuacutet$frac12 bAumlAtildeoumlAcirct$frac12 bzyenRAtildenfrac12 bmMHpermilnfrac12

bmUBAtildenfrac12 bwNgsectWAtilden bx-rdquosectY bbt KRStEAtildeN yNtildel gz xgLUtimesC maacuteL

ycedilStecirclW DNq$RAcirc nW11YacuteYacute

bXNGlZ bt KRStEAtildeN xgLUtimesC maacuteL ytmicroyumldW YH msL _AcircTfrac12

bxTtimesugraveAtilde bt KRStEAtildeN xgLUtimesCAcirc MmAcircN sectY bmicroyumlDfrac12 kzH ykIacute W-T

gmgszligt$M AEligsectYfrac12 MAcircLAEligTM NtildeLAringCN XyqrN mccedilnN YIacute ycedilAtildedRG YmSlfrac34LYacuteYacute

btlY QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFTN yen_AcircT xlnotecircE bccediln mLkfrac12 ldquoyxXMeacute sWrdquo bcedilAtildesbTfrac12

bxNUacutebdquo m`YMnT XNd mUgravedcopy wG bcedilnotYbT bzH GRNb_ zmNfrac12 mrnotecircE

bccedilnW bzH KRStEAtildeAcircecircE TMHRT sectY AtildelW Gpermil mUAEligTfrac12 byTfrac34WM mSfRT

blmicrofrac12 kwlL bnotC XNdcedilwDQ xAtilde-permil_RM12YacuteYacute

XnzH satildeC wd XnzH ybrvbarYyenntildeT DRJegraveC bzH m-N ycedilfLsTfrac12 btlAtildey

MKNAtildeT XNd ccediln ycedilAtildekpermilKR gcurrenAumlY xYdlMYacuteYacute ccedilntildeM GNfrac12 ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt

KRStEAtildeNrdquoAcirc ldquoyYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCrdquo twAumlJAcirc gz xYlW- ySBkT IacutegtN TMHRt

7 ldquoX_Ub rdquo ycedillW gcurrenAumlY xNUacutepermilecircE MLknot mccediln XNtildeN nWYacuteYacute xND sW x_Ub nW ycedillW gcurrenAumlYfrac12 llsectW sW

x_Ub sectYccedilN YCsectLYacuteYacute _Acirct$ ldquox_Ubrdquo sL Glsiumlc$ QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFTNfrac12 ybt KRStEAtildeN notparaKNAcirc xmKNtimesN

bm_qSfrac12 yhltfrac34 drcopy TMHRT bT tyenpara yccedilnN sW lAtildermicro bcedilCL mLk xStMHeacuteWN ymtNtN CGR

yg-yencWN satildeC nWYacuteYacute 8 Reverend David A Keddie ldquoSermon for Trinity Sundayrdquo Expository Times 118 no 8 (May 2007) 387 9 XH qampS xStMHeacuteWN ldquoQRSrdquo yenlnotcW MinotecircE nWYacuteYacute 10 Zn kyenhYacuteYacute 11 xND AEligLNjpermiluumlfrac12 ldquosup2Ecirc byMSAEligk bxyenr LBSAcirc btecircb kpermilŠT tsup1sectLmW ycedilnotdagger lsquoQbrsaquoNrsquo xgLUtimesCfrac12 kYDaggerecirc

MSKeacuteC wYM kmsL mAcircFrdquoecircE mMHpermilN UR microsectwAtildeyAcirccW bStqR yAEligigravennotcWN LK bF[M lrCcedilT

xYClMrdquo ycedillW NGGbdquofrac12 xStAtildeyt$N ksnzrbTM gz YLQfrac12 sup2Ecirc XJG xDmacrAcirc gZaelig xuacuteuacuteb bcedilAEligLbT drcopy sectY

Ygfrac34LYacuteYacute 12 xNAumlND xNAEligBAtildeN YH cedilsup2nN yuacutet xStAtildeyT nW ll YCl YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute ngR GN bQBt XMnT sectY lrJM gz

AtildemicroyumlDhT _AcircT wdzH DMAumlraquo sectY xDRicircfrac34LYacuteYacute bqEgravedagger xNq sectY AtildeqrBldquocWN _AcircegraveC bmmLkT ypermilSatildeTN

BAtilden ls- YCsectlYacuteYacute


8

|sectsN yenbšq_ nW13YacuteYacute bxNUacutebdquo yKRStEAtilden yen~brsB mrnotecircE yWqT CGR bzH

xStMHeacute sectY ycedilAtilde-n_N mccedilnfrac12 lFLst$ qAumlyenY MKNAtildeTfrac12 bTMHRt |sects sectY

Atildel mdAcircgR nW yenlT YOgravesectLYacuteYacute SnottEStEmicroecircE zgAEligWN TNgt gIacute xDRgN BNmlktW

yCGbdquoN SIacuteTAcirc _LqT YbL_ lyenStecircL DL ycedils_ YmSlfrac34LYacuteYacute XNGAumlAtildeW

TMHRt |sectsN bSIacuteT bmtcT ycedilnotwq$T brvbarYyenntildenotecircE DRJegraveC WS_ yecircRAtildeT

bt KRStEAtildeNNAcirc yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCN DgT XNAumlhM y|permil XNQSrdquos XNmLkTYacuteYacute

yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN SnottEStEKS bxTtimesugraveAtilde14 1 የአባላት ብዛት

በ1961 ዓም15 ከአሜሪካን አገር በመጡ የድርጅቱ ሚስዮናውያንና በተክለማርያም ገዛኸኝ የተጀመረው

እንቅስቃሴ16 በኢትዮጵያውያን የዘመን አቈጣጠር በ1993 ዓም ላይ 16 ሚሊዮን አባል ከ4 ሺህ በላይ አጥቢያ

ቤተ ክርስቲያናት17 ከ4 ሺህ በላይ አገልጋዮች እንዳሉት ተግልጿል ይህ ማለት በየዓመቱ ከ46 ሺህ ያላነሱ ሰዎች

የድርጅቱን እምነት በመቀበል የቤተ ክርስቲያኒቱ ሙሉ አባል የሚሆኑ ሲሆን በየዓመቱ የሚመጡትንም ተጨማሪ አባላት ለማስተናገድ ከ11 በላይ የሆኑ ቤተ ክርስቲያናት ይቈረቈራሉ18

በአዲስ አበባ ልዩ ስሙ ጎፋ መብራት ኀይል በሚባለው አካባቢ የታነጸው የማምለኪያና የማስተማሪያ

ሕንፃ በአባላት ብዛት ብቻ ይሆን በገንዘብ ዐቅማቸውም ጠንካራ መሆናቸውን የሚያመላክት ነው19

13 hlt$M DRJegraveC ldquoTMHRt |sects kxryenWAtildeN ymDbl xyenLKT xStuacutesB ytqAuml xryenecircE TMHRT nWrdquo

ycedilL xIgraveM xsectcWYacuteYacute

ecircLtR yenRtEN ytAEliglW xraquoparamicroecircE rdquob XMnTfrac12 krJM rsaquomT bethT bUacutefW mF sectYfrac12 sAElig xMST

kmegrave (75) ycedilccediln yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCfrac12 bxND wQT ywNgsectWAtildeN xBAtildet KRStEAtildeAcircT xAEligL XNd nbbdquo gLUcircxL

Walter Martin The Kingdom of Cults (Minneapolis MN Bethany House Publishers 1965)YacuteYacute ycedilAtildeSgRmW bxTtimesugraveAtilde

ycedilgszligW yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN m|permilC XNAumlhM mqmAringWN bxraquoparamicroN xgR AtildedrgW yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC

DRJT sup3RIgravepara bxND wQT ywNgsectWAtildeN xBAtildet KRStEAtildeN WS_ bcedilgszlig bt xBAtildet KRStEAtildeAcircT xAEligL ynbbdquo

satildeC ymccedilAcirccW Qfrac12 bt KRStEAtildeN ^sectethnaN bTKKL XNAumlLtwEgraveC ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute bt KRStEAtildeN XnzHN satildeC

lSBkT kyensup3agrave bethT bxGAEligb BnotStMpermilcW ntildeeacutefrac12 permiluacutecWM StW satildeCNM bqsectl yenuacuteT AEligLOgravel nbRYacuteYacute bzH

xNUacuteR snotY bt KRStEAtildeN lXnzH mAcircFrdquoN mqFqFfrac12 bAtildeNS YHN AtildeHL kFtfrac34 WDmT yyenDruacutecW qAumlyenY

twrdquogt nC yenlT ycedilOgraveL YmSlfrac34LYacuteYacute 14 ይህ ስታትስቲካዊ መረጃ በአብዛኛው የተወሰደው ሚያዝያ 24 ቀን 1993 ዓም ከተክለማርያም ገዛኸኝ ጋር በተደረገው ቃለ መጠይቅ ነው 15 በዚህ ርእስ ሥር የሚገኘው የዘመን አቈጣጠር እንደ ኢትዮጵያውያን የዘመን አቈጣጠር ነው 16 ተክለ ማርያም ገዛኸኝ እንቅስቃሴውን የጀመርኩት ጌታ ራሱ በ1958 ዓም ትምህርቱን ከተለጠልኝ በኋላ ነው ቢልም ትምህርቱን ያገኘውና የተጠቀመው በሚስዮናውኑ ነበር እነዚህ ሚስዮናውያን (ቴኔዝ ዊልድና ባለቤታቸው) ከዩናይትድ ፔንቴኮስታል ቤተ ክርስቲያን የመጡ ናቸው 17 እንደ ተክማ ማርያም ገዛኸኝ ይህ ቁጥር ድርጅቱ ldquoPreaching Pointrdquo የሚለውና ከ6-10 ሰዎችን የያዘ የአምልኮ ማእከላትን የሚያካትት ነው 18 ይህ ቁጥር የተጋነነ ለመሆኑ በርካታ ማስረጃዎች አሉ 19 አንዳንድ ምንጮች ድርጅቱ አሜሪካን አገር ከሚገኙ መሰል ድርጅቶች ከፍተኛ የሆነ የገንዘብ እርዳታ እንደሚያገኝ ይገልጻሉ ድርጅቱ በኬኒያ በደቡብ አፍሪካና በአሜሪካ እንዲማሩለት የላካቸውን አገልጋዮች የሚያሠለጥነው በውጪ እርዳታ እንደሆነ ምንጮቹ ያስረዳሉ


9

2 የዕድገት መጠን የሐዋርያት ቤተ ክርስቲያን በኢትዮጵያ ያለው ዕድገት እጅግ አሳሳቢ ነው በ1961

20 ዓም በሁለት

አሜሪካውያንና በአንድ ኢትዮጵያዊ በመናገሻ ከተማችን የተጀመረው እንቅስቃሴ በ1966 ዓም ላይ በ15 ቤተ

ክርስቲያናት ውስጥ 3 ሺህ የሚያህሉ ተከታዮችን አፍርቶአል በ1983 ዓም [ከ 17 ዓመት በኋላ] ይህ ቊጥር

ወደ 900 ሺህ ከፍ ብሎአል በ1993 ዓም ይህ ቊጥር ወደ 16 ሚሊዮን አሻቅቦአል ይህ ማለት ከ1961-1966

ዓም ባሉት ጊዜያት ውስጥ በየዓመቱ 5000 ሰዎችን ያጠመቁ ሲሆን ከ1967-1983 ዓም ባሉት ጊዜያት በየዓመቱ

52941 ሰዎችን አጥምቀዋል ማለት ነው ከ1984-1993 ዓም ደግሞ በየዓመቱ ከ70 ሺህ በላይ የሚሆኑ ሰዎች

የድርጅቱ ንቁ ተሳታፊ አባል እንደ ሆኑ መረጃዎቻቸው ያሳያሉ

በኢትዮጵያ በየ30 ሰከንድ ውስጥ አንድ ሰው የሐዋርያት ቤተ ክርስቲያንን መሠረተ እምነት ይቀበላል

ወደ እንቅስቃሴው ከሚገባው ሕዝብ መኻል ከመቶ ሰባ እጁ የወንጌል አማኞች አብያተ ክርስቲያን [Evangelical

Church] አባል የነበረ ሰው ነው ይህ ማለት ከ11 ሚሊዮን በላይ የሚሆኑ ሰዎች በአንድ ወቅት በየአብያተ

ክርስቲያናቱ ጌታን የሚያመልኩ ምናልባትም ጌታን ሲያገለግሉ የቆዩ ሰዎች ናቸው ማለት ነው

እነዚህንም አዳዲስ አባላት የሚይዙ ከ11 በላይ ቤተ ክርስቲያናት ይመሠረታሉ በኢትዮጵያ የሚገኘው

የሐዋርያት ቤተ ክርስቲያን አባላት ቊጥር ከአሜሪካን ቀጥሎ በብዛት ሁለተኛውን ደረጃ ይዞአል

3 ሚስዮናዊ እንቅስቃሴ እንደ መሪያቸው ቢሾፕ ተክለማርያም ገዛኸኝ እምነት ldquoቤተ ክርስቲያን የምትሞተው አባላቱ መመስከር

ሲያቆሙ ነውrdquo ይህም እያንዳንዱ አባል የድርጅቱ ሠራተኛ መሆኑን ያመለክታል ድርጅቱ ያለው ፈጣን

ዕድገት አባላቱ የድርጅቱን መሠረተ እምነት ለማስፋፋት ከፍተኛ ጥረት እንደሚያደርጉ የሚያመለክት ነው

4 የጽሑፍ ሥርጭትና የመገናኛ ብዙኃን ድርጅቱ በመሠረተ እምነቱ ላይ ማዕከል ያደረገ ከ15 በላይ መጻሕፍትን አሳትሞአል ከእነዚህም ውስጥ

ዐሥሩ በተክለማርያም ገዛኸኝ የተጻፉ ሲሆኑ የተቀሩት ደግሞ በተለያዩ ሰዎች ከእንግሊዝኛ ወደ አማርኛ

የተተረጐሙ እንዲሁም በቅርቡ በድርጅቱ የበላይ ጠባቂ በሆኑት ቢሾፕ ደጉ ከበደ የተጻፈው ldquoበሥጋ የተገለጠ

አንድ አምላክrdquo ናቸው ተክለማርያም ገዛኸኝ ከጻፋቸው መጻሕፍት መካከል ይበልጥ የሚወደደውና ldquoክርስቶስ

ራሱ በአካል ተገኝቶ እጄን ይዞ አስጻፈኝ የሚሉት lsquoመለኮታዊ ኃይልrsquo የተባለው መጽሐፍ ነውrdquo21 በድርጅቱ

አባላት ዘንድ ግን ተወዳጅ የሆነውና ከፍተኛ ሥርጭት ያለው መጽሐፍ ldquoኢየሱስን ማን ይሉታልrdquo የተባለው

መጽሐፍ ነው22

ከዚህ በተጨማሪ ድርጅቱ ldquoመልእክትrdquo የሚባል ወርሐዊ ጋዜጣ እንዲሁም በየሦስት ወሩ ldquoየእውነት

ምስክርrdquo በሚል ርእስ መጽሔት ያዘጋጃል በአሁኑ ጊዜ የእነዚህ መጽሔቶች ኅትመት እንደ ቆመ ይነገራል

20 yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN SnottEStEK ycedilAcircgrW KFL sectY AtildelT yzmN xsup3Egrave-eacuteC XNd xTtimesugraveAtildeWAtildeN yzmN

qmR XNd ccediln LB YsectLYacuteYacute 21 ተክለማርያም ገዛኸኝ ጳጉሜን 1956 ዓም በመንፈስ ቅዱስ እንደ ተሞተሉ ይገልጻሉ ይህ ብቻ አይደለም ይህን መጽሐፍ የጻፉት የድርጅቱን እምነት ከመቀበላቸው በፊትና ldquoበክርስቶስ ስምrdquo ከመጠመቃቸው በፊት ነው እንደ ድርጅቱ እምነት አንድ ሰው የዘላለምን ሕይወት የሚያገኘውና መንፈስ ቅዱስ የሚያድርበት ldquoበኢየሱስ ስምrdquo ከመጠመቁ በኋላ ከሆነ ባልዳነ ሰው ውስጥ እንዴት መንፈስ ቅዱስ ሊያድርና ስለ ldquoመለኮታዊ ኃይልrdquo እንዴት ሊያስረዳ ቻለ 22 ተክለማርያም ገዛኸኝ ይህን ldquoታላቅrdquo መጽሐፍ በመጻፉ በአሜሪካን አገር በካሊፎርኒያ የሚገኘው ldquoChristian Life Centerrdquo

የተባለው ldquoየሐዋርያት ቤተ ክርስቲያንrdquo የቈረቈረው ldquochristian Life collegerdquo ከተባለው አካል የክብር ዶክትሬት መሸለሙን ይገልጻል


10

23 yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC rsaquolM qIacuteecircE SnottEStEKS1 የአባላት ብዛት

እንደ ጐርጐሮሳውያኑ የዘመን አቈጣጠር በ2015 ዓም ላይ በ240 አገሮች በተደረገው ቈጠራ ንቊ

የይሖዋ ምስክር ተሳታፊ አባላት ቁጥር 8220103 ሲሆን ይህ ቁጥር በ2018 ዓም ወደ 10 ሚሊዮን እንደ

ሚያሻቅብ ይነገራል ምክንያቱም የድርጅቱ ዓመታዊ ዕድገት 22 ነውና24 በ2015 ዓም ላይ በተደረገው

የldquoመታሰቢያrdquo አገልግሎት [የይሖዋ ምስክሮች የጌታን ራት የሚያስቡበትን ቀን ldquoየመታሰቢያ አገልግሎትrdquo

(Memorial Service) ብለው ይጠሩታል] 19862783 ሰዎች ፕሮጋራሙን ተካፍለዋል25 ይህ ቊጥር

የሚያመለክተን የይሖዋ ምስክሮች ከንቊ ተሳታፊ አባሎቻቸው ዕጥፍ በላይ በሆኑ ሰዎች ላይ አዎንታዊ ተጋቦት

እንዳላቸው ነው

በዓለም ዙሪያ በአንድ ደቂቃ ከ45 ሴኮንድ ውስጥ አንድ ሰው የይሖዋ ምስክር አባል ይሆናል26 በዓለማችን

118016 የይሖዋ ምስክር ጉባኤዎች27 ይገኛሉ

2 የዕድገት መጠን የይሖዋ ምስክሮች የዕድገት ፍጥነት እጅግ አስደንጋጭ ነው በ1965 ዓም 11 ሚሊዮን የነበረው የንቊ

ተሳታፊ አባላት ቊጥር በ1980 ዓም ወደ 22 ሚሊዮን በ1992 ዓም ደግሞ ወደ 44 ሚሊዮን ዕድገት

አሳይቶአል በ1994 ዓም ላይ በሶቭየት ኅብረት ብቻ 27000 ሰዎችን አጥምቀዋል28 በየዓመቱ በዓለም ላይ 100

አዳዲስ ጉባኤዎች ይቋቋማሉ29

3 ሚሲዮናዊ እንቅስቃሴ የይሖዋ ምስክሮች በ1997 ዓም ብቻ ለመስክ ምስክርነት 1945487604 ሰዓት አውለዋል30 ይህን ቊጥር

ለንቊ ተሳታፊ አባሎች ቊጥር ስናካፍለው እያንዳንዱ አባል ለመስክ ምስክርነት በዓመት ከ236 ሰዓት በላይ

ተጠቅሞአል ማለት ነው በ1997 ዓም ላይ የተከታዮቻቸውን ልጆች ቊጥር ጨምሮ 375923 ሰዎች

አጥምቀዋል31 ይህ የሚያሳየን የይሖዋ ምስክሮች ለአንድ ሰው በአማካይ 3500 ሰዓት መጠቀማቸውን ነው32

አንድ ንቊ የይሖዋ ምስክር ተሳታፊ አባል በአማካይ በአንድ ወር 18 ሰዓትን ለመስክ ምስክርነት ያውላል33

በ1970 ዓም አንድ ንቁ አባል በዓመት ldquoለመስክ አገልግሎትrdquo34 150 ሰዓትን ያውል የነበረ ሲሆን በ1992 ዓም

ይህን ሰዓት በማሻሻል አንድ አባል በዓመት 236 ሰዓት በመስክ ምስክርነት ላይ ያሳልፋል35 በ2015 ዓም

9708968 የቤት ለቤት የመጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ጥናቶች ተካሂደዋል36

23 xBsup2frac34W mrcopy ytwsdW DRJt$ btlAtildey gz YIacute microdrgW zgAElig nWYacuteYacute 24 2015 Year book of Jehovahrsquos Witness ገጽ 176 25 ዝኒ ከማሁ 26 ዝኒ ከማሁ 27 የይሖዋ ምስክሮች ስብሰባቸውን ldquoጉባኤrdquo ብለው ይጠሩታል 28 Christian Research Institute ldquoCult Growth Statsticsrdquo ከldquoመጠበቂያ ግንብrdquo (ጥር 1 ቀን 1993) ገጽ 1526 ጠቅሶ እንደ ጻፈው 29 ዝኒ ከማሁ የመጠበቂያ ግንብ ቪዲዮ Jehovahrsquos witnesses the Organization Behind the Name (1990) 30 2015 Yearbook of Jehovahrsquos Witnesses ገጽ 176 31 1998 Yearbook of Jehovahrsquos Witnesses ገጽ 31 32 Robert M Bowman Jr Jehovahrsquos Witnesses (Grand Rapids Zon 1995) ገጽ 14 33 ዝኒ ከማሁ ገጽ 15 34 ldquoየመስክ አገልግሎትrdquo የሚባለው በየመንገድ ዳሩና በየቤቱ የመጠበቂያ ግንብ ወንጌልንና ጽሑፎች ማሠራጨት ነው 35 Robert M Bowman Jr Jehovahrsquos Witnesses ገጽ 16 36 2015 Yearbook of Jehovahrsquos Witnesses ገጽ 176


11

4 የጽሑፍ ሥርጭትና የመገናኛ ብዙኃን ከማንኛውም መናፍቃን ይልቅ የጽሑፍ ውጤቶችን በከፍተኛ ደረጃ እየተጠቀሙ ያሉት የይሖዋ

ምስክሮች ናቸው የመጠበቂያ ግንብ በዓለም ዙሪያ 33 ታላላቅ ማተሚያ ቤቶች አሉት ldquoቤቴልrdquo በመባል

የሚታወቀው ትልቁ የድርጅቱ ማተሚያ ቤት በቀን ርዝመቱ 1000 ማይል (1609 ኪሎ ሜትር) ወረቀት ወይም

61 ሚሊዮን ገጽ ያትማል37 ከዚህ በተጨማሪ ደግሞ በወር 3 ሚሊዮን የአዲሲቱ ዓለም ትርጒም38 እያተመ

ያወጣል በ1991 ዓም በእነዚህ ማተሚያ ቤቶች የሚሠሩ 11000 የሙሉ ጊዜ ሠራተኞች ነበሩ39

የመጠበቂያ ግንብ ድርጅት ጽሑፎቹን በ210 ቋንቋዎች ይተረጐማሉ ldquoመጠበቂያ ግንብrdquo በሚል ርእስ

የሚታወቀው መጽሔት በብዛት ከሚታተሙት መጽሔቶች ውስጥ ዋነኛው ነው መጽሔቱ በወር ሁለት ጊዜ

የሚታተም ሲሆን በእያንዳንዱ ዕትም ከ16 ሚሊዮን በላይ ቅጆች ይባዛሉ ከ120 በሚበልጡ ቋንቋዎችም

ይተረጐማሉ ከዐሥራ አምስት ሚሊዮን የሚበልጠው ቅጅ የሚታተመው በእንግሊዝኛ ቋንቋ ነው ሥርጭቱም

ሪደርስ ዳጀስትና ቲቪ ጋይድ የሚባሉት መጽሔቶች ካላቸው ሥርጭት ጋር የሚስተካከል ሽያጩም ታይምስ

ኒውስዊክ ዩኤስ ኒውስና ወርልድ ሪፖርት ከሚባሉት የዓለማችን ዕውቅ መጽሔቶች ጋር ይወዳደራል

ldquoንቁrdquo በመባል የሚታወቀው የድርጅቱ መጽሔት በ13 ሚሊዮን ቅጆች ሲባዛ በ75 ቋንቋዎች

ይተረጐማል40 የአዲሱ ዓለም ትርጒም በ1990 ዓም ብቻ በ67 ሚሊዮን ቅጆች የተባዛ ሲሆን በ14 ቋንቋዎች

ተተርጒሞ ለንባብ በቅቶአል በአሁኑ ጊዜ ይህ መጽሐፍ ከ16 በሚበልጡ ቋንቋዎች ተተርጉሞአል41

ldquoወደ ዘላለም ሕይወት የሚመራው እውነትrdquo በሚለው ስያሜ ተጽፎ የታተመው መጽሐፍ በ1968 ዓም

ላይ ለንባብ የበቃ ሲሆን በሥርጭት ደረጃ ቀዳሚውን ስፍራ ከያዙት አምስት መጻሕፍት መካከል አንዱ ሊሆን

በቅቶአል42

yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC SnottEStEKS bxTtimesugraveAtilde እንደ ጐርጐሮሳውያኑ የዘመን አቈጣጠር በ1991 ዓም በኢትዮጵያ 3020 የነበረ ሲሆን በ2014 ዓም

ደግሞ 9768 አሻቅቦአል43 በ1991 ዓም ለመስክ ምስክርነት ይወጡ የነበሩት የይሖዋ ምስክሮች 2730 ሲሆኑ

በ1997 ዓም ድረስ የታየው ዓመታዊ የዕድገት መጠን በአማካኝ 15 በመቶ ነው ይህ ማለት ከ 1991 ዓም ጀምሮ

ባሉት ሰባት ተከታታይ ዓመታት 4158 ሰዎችን አጥምቀዋል ድርጅቱ በ1991 ዓም 483 አቅኚዎች44 የነበሩት

ሲሆን ይህ ቊጥር በ1997 ዓም ወደ 916 አሻቅቦ ይገኛል በአሁኑ ወቅት ደግሞ ከ10168 በላይ ነው45 በ1991

ዓም እስከ 1997 ዓም ድረስ የታየው ዓመታዊ የዕድገት መጠን በአማካኝ 15 በመቶ ነው ይህ ማለት ከ1991

ዓም ጀምሮ ባሉት ሰባት ተከታታይ ዓመታት 4158 ሰዎችን አጥምቀዋል በ2014 ዓም ደግሞ 513 ሰዎችን

አጥምቀዋል46 በ1991 ዓም በአገሪቱ ዙሪያ 54 ጉባኤዎች የነበሩ ሲሆን በ1997 ዓም ወደ 79 አድጓል በ2014

ዓም ደግሞ ወደ 214 አድጓል በ1997 ዓም ለመስክ አገልግሎት የዋለው ሰዓት 1570141 ሲሆን ይህን ቊጥር

ለንቁ ተሳታፊ አባላት ቁጥር ስናካፍለው እያንዳንዱ የይሖዋ ምስክር በአንድ ዓመት ብቻ 278 ሰዓት ለመስክ 37 CRI ldquoCult Growth Statisticsrdquo የመጠበቂያ ግንብ (ጥር 1 ቀን 1993) ገጽ 19 ጠቅሶ እንደጻፈው 38 ldquoየአዲሲቱ ዓለም ትርጒምrdquo የሚባለው የመጠበቂያ ግንብ ማኅበር ከግሪክና ከዕብራይስጥ ወደ እንግሊዝኛ ተርጉሜዋለሁ የሚለው ቅጅ ነው መጽሐፉ ከድርጅቱ አስተምህሮ ጋር እንዲጣጣም ተድርጎ የተተረጐመ በመሆኑ ብዙ የመጽሐፍ ቅዱስ የዕብራይስጥና የግሪክ ቋንቋ ሊቃውንት ክፉኛ የኰነኑት መጽሐፍ ነው 39 David A Reed Jehovahrsquos Witness Litrature A critical Guide to Wachtower Publications (Grand Rapid Baker 1993) ገጽ 9 40 Robert M Bowman Jr Jehovahrsquos Witnesses ገጽ 15YacuteYacute 41 Alan W Gomes Unmasking the Cults ገጽ 23YacuteYacute 42 Bowman ገጽ 15YacuteYacute 43 2015 Yearbook of Jehovahrsquos Witnesses ገጽ 183 44 የድርጅቱ የሙሉ ጊዜ ሠራተኞች አቅኞች ይባላሉ 45 2015 Yearbook of Jehovahrsquos Witnesses ገጽ 183 46 ዝኒ ከማሁ


12

ምስክርነት ውሎአል በ2014 ዓም ደግሞ 3406954 ሰዓት ለመስክ ምስክርነት አውለዋል ይህ ለመስክ

ምስክርነት የዋለውን ቊጥር ከአባላት ቊጥር (8605) ጋር ስናቀናንሰው እያንዳንዱ የይሖዋ ምስክር በዓመት 395 ሰዓት በላይ ለመስክ ምስክርነት እንዳዋለ እንመለከታለን ይህ አባላቱ ለሰንበት ስብሰባ ለመጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ጥናት ሰዎችን ለማስተማር ለቴዎክራሲያዊ ትምህርት ቤት47 ለማማር ለተሞክሮ48 ወዘተ የሚያሳልፉትን የስብሰባ ጊዜ

የሚጨምር አይደለም ለዚህ ነው እንግዲህ የመስኩ ምሁራን እያንዳንዱ የይሖዋ ምስክር የድርጅቱ የሙሉ ጊዜ

ሠራተኛ ነው የሚሉት በ1997 ዓም ላይ በመዲናችን መኻል በሚገኘው የእግር ኳስ መጫወቻ ሜዳ (ስቴዲዮም)

ባደረጉት የመታሰቢያ ቀን 15716 ሰዎች ፕሮግራሙን መካፈላቸው እንዲሁም በ2014 ዓም በተለያዩ ጒባኤዎች

የመታሰቢያ አቀልግሎትን የተካፈሉ ሰዎች 25896 ናቸው ከዚህ የምንማረው እውነት የይሖዋ ምስክሮች

ከአባሎቻቸው ዕጥፍ በላይ በሆኑ ሰዎች ላይ አዎንታዊ ተጽእኖ በማሳደር ፕሮግራማቸውን በንቃት የሚከታተሉ እንደ ሆነ ነው49

GMgyen XSmicrohN AtildeynW zgAElig xuacuteuacutebfrac12 mccediln bMNM mLk ycedilAtildewsup2GB xYmSlMYacuteYacute btlY

bxTtimesugraveAtilde bt KRStEAtildeN kmcampWM ynotparaK zmN YLQ Sm _R kcedilAEligl yngr mldivideT

tIgraveyenT ytmrq$ bRmicronot ybt KRStEAtildeN LiacuteC AEliglbT bzH ynotparaK wQTfrac12 YHN msL

yTMHRT kuacutepermil mDrsfrac12 XJG sbsup2 AtildeuacuteZAcircLiquest AtildeSsup3AringLMYacuteYacute kzH bt=yenpara kmcampWM

ynotparaK gz YLQ Xfrac34 xhN bMNnUgRbT RXs gcurrenAumlY sectY XNmicrofrac12 XJG bRmicronot mUacuteFT

tfecircLYacuteYacute Bsup2notcW BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 xXMeacutexecircE _LqnotcWAcirc yTNnotn M_qnotcW xjBfrac12 X[B

DNQ ycedilAtildeuacute nW50YacuteYacute

trdquoRntildeW XJG ycedilAtildeSdNQ nWYacuteYacute ngR GN yxTtimesugraveAtilde bt KRStEAtildeN bTMHRT rgD

ywdqCW WDqT XNAumlH bqsectl tnGeacutefrac12 tzKeacute ycedilAtildeLQ xYdlMYacuteYacute bsNbT xMLdivide wQT

yMNsyenW ZGJT xLiuml SBkTiquest |RAcirc Aringucirc yyenYnotwQ TMHRTfrac12 XHL Wbrvbar yyenYL qLDfrac12

lmFM ccediln llrdquoWNT AEligD yccediln xStMHeacute BzatildeCN gOumlDaLYacuteYacute YH dGauml yxNAumlT bt

KRStEAtildeN BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 KRStEAtilden yen~brsB bxND sectY ttraderBRiuml ywdqbT xStMHeacutexecircEAcirc

brvbarYyenntildenotecircE kuacutepermil nWYacuteYacute Xn KRSegraveS xysSN yGL xAumlszligAcirc gnotuuml xDRg btqbLhAEligcW

bXnzAtilde zmAcircT BlAtildeTNfrac12 AumluacuteTNfrac12 dRsup2ecircamp ngr mldivideTNfrac12 ybt KRStEAtildeN notparaKN wzt

bgOumlLyenicircC ysNbT TMHRT KFl gzfrac12 bWd _AcircegraveCfrac12 bwEgraveegraveCAcirc bsNbT xMLdivide sectY

47 የክርክርና የንግግር ስልት የሚማሩበት ቦታ ነው እያንዳንዱ አባል የዚህ ትምህርት ቤት ተማሪ እንዲሆን ይጠበቅበታል 48 ለምስክርነት ከወጡ በኋላ የገጠሟቸውን ነገሮች የሚናገሩበትና ልምድ የሚቀስሙበት ጊዜ ነው 49 2015 Yearbook of Jehovahrsquos Witnesses ገጽ 183 50 lMuacutel ycedilktlT mUacuteFT aringKSaeligRD daggernvRStE PEcircS bQRb lNAEligB AtildebrdquocW XNAumlhM _bdquo TNtAcirc Atildeqrb

mUacuteFT AcirccWmdash Thomas McCall and Michael Rea Philosophical and Theological Essays on the Trinity (2010) Michael C

Rea (ed) Oxford Readings in Philosophical Theology Volume 1 Trinity Incarnation and Atonement (2009) Stephen T Davis

Daniel Kendall Gerald OrsquoCollins (eds) The Trinity An Interdisciplinary Symposium on the Trinity Paperback (2002) Gilles

Emery OP and Matthew Levering (eds) The Oxford Handbook of the Trinity (Oxford Handbooks in Religion and Theology)

(20014) Christopher A Beeley Gregory of Nazianzus on the Trinity and the Knowledge of God In Your Light We Shall See

Light (Oxford Studies in Historical Theology) (2013) A D Nuttall The Alternative Trinity Gnostic Heresy in Marlowe Milton

and Blake Paperback (2007) Adam Ployd Augustine the Trinity and the Church A reading of the Anti-Donatist Sermons)

Oxford Studies in Historical Theology (2015) Matthew W Bates The Birth of the Trinity Jesus God and Spirit in New

Testament and Early Christian Interpretations of the Old Testament (2015)


13

yenStyenR ybt KRStEAtildeN ylT tlT tGAEligR nbRYacuteYacute YH Xn AEligdGhAEligT bt KRStEAtildeN BOgrave

ynbr Ldagger xmicroyumlD uacuteYccedilNfrac12 bxmicroAEligbuuml bcedilgszlig llOumlC xBAtildet KRStEAtildeAcircTM zND youmly LyenD

nbRmdashbAtildeNS btwsn m-N51YacuteYacute xNUacutepermilecircE bccediln mLk Atilde zmN yKRStEAtilden yen~brsB YwTfrac12

QCcedilS rdquolN ycedilmSLbTfrac12 QCcedilS rdquolN ycedilsup1TbT nbR bAEligLfrac12 xNAumlCM StTM ccediln GnT

AtildelbT xYmSlMYacuteYacute

sup2Ecirc GN ccedilnotAcirc +fpermil ydpermilbTfrac12 bxNUacutebdquo GN nFSAtilde bmNfuacuteecircE _yenT ytrdquo-lCbTfrac12

satildeC lQCcedilS rdquolM ccediln lKRStEAtildeAcircecircEW |n MGAEligR AEligYtecircR yccedilnbTfrac12 tGœ[ bt KRStEAtildeN

yfrsbTfrac12 dq mZNtildeRnT ytznUbTfrac12 bx-rdquosectY Q_ xNAEligbdquo bWL byenYnotwQbT ynotparaK

wQT sectY ydrSN YmSsectL52YacuteYacute lbrvbarAtilde rsaquomT bbt KRStEAtildeN ntilderW xNAumlCM ybt KRStEAtildeN

notparaK yyenAtildeWq$frac12 mrnotecircE lcedilAEliglT KRStEAtildeAcircecircE TMHRegraveC XJG AEligYtecircR yccedilnfrac12 bSm

mNfuacuteecircEnT yenNM Atildesup1W iumlnot XAtildeNksectws ycedilwSAumlcW satildeCN yenyT ytlmd nW53mdashy|n

MGAEligbdquo ngR lwEcirc uacuteYnœ yenltamp nW54YacuteYacute

bRG_ KRSegraveS xysS yYwtamp xLIacuteAcirc acircraquoU nW ycedill QCcediluacuteN hlfrac12 bAtildelbT iumlnot

lTMHRT bxND LB bqcurrenR-nT ccedil BlW mnœT ycedilAtildeSfLUcW ynotparaK wQT YH

YmSlfrac34LYacuteYacute MKNAtildet$M bt KRStEAtildeNN sectSnwr lzH yWqT kuacutepermilfrac12 Bcfrac34WAcirc TKKlfrac34W

x[Iacutefrac12 Rt$ TMHRT XNAumlhM AcircY KRStEAtildeAcircecircE MGAEligR BOgrave nWYacuteYacute wgntildecamp bTKKlnt$M ccediln

bW-notyennt$ YHN ycediltmicro lsect xyenpermil+ ylMYacuteYacute xBAtildet KRStEAtildeAcircT bgOumlLyenicircC ysNbT

TMHRT begraveCfrac12 bbT lbT ymF QCcedilS _AcircegraveCfrac12 bsNbT xMLdivide PeacuteGpermilaumlC wzt sectY

ybsl TMHegraveCNfrac12 ymDrK WYYegraveCNfrac12 Wd _AcircegraveCNfrac12 TMHRnotecircE KRKeacuteCNAcirc NtildeGegraveCN

byenmicroyumlD KRStEAtilden yen~brsB mrt XMnt$N XNAumlhM QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFTN -NQouml

XNAumlAtildeWQ gsup2 yyenDrG xMsectmicroecircE ^sectethnTAcirc dpermil xlAEligcWYacuteYacute bt KRStEAtildeN mrt XMnaN

kmtNtNM AEliglf bplusmnltEmicroWfrac12 bMEgraven brvbarBt$frac12 bFLSFAcircWfrac12 byen~bpermilecircE uacuteYNs wzt sectY _M

ycedilsup3R_frac12 oacuteD ycedilaumlsect TMHRT ycedilqAumlAEligT yRq ssectM MN+ LTccedilN YgAEligLmdashbmrt$

qAumlyenY tLXdivideecircM YW xYdLYacuteYacute gnotCN mD^nnotCN xysS KRSegraveSfrac12 ldquoXAcircNt yrsaquolM

BRbrvbarN AcircChiquest XAcircNt yrsaquolM =W AcircChrdquo ycedillW xnUgbdquofrac12 kzH lsect MN TRgcurrenM lntilderW

YCsectL

51 bwQt$ Ys- knbbdquo TMHRegraveC mmicrokLfrac12 Tmyen (TMHRt mldivideTN yenSIacuteIacuteT) XAcirc yenStR sectYF ecircnregc$ t-

rdquoeumlC AcirccWYacuteYacute Tmyen ngr mldivideTN lyen_AcircT yenStR sectYF dGauml ydq msup2NtildeRTnT YwTN lyenbrnotnotT

Yntfrac34 DRš nbpermilcWYacuteYacute 52 xNAumlNigraveC bzH glUacute XNdyenYSyenNtilde XrAumllhYacuteYacute xNAumlND satildeC dGauml tl_EgraveL XNdcedill XgnzAEliglhiquest satildeC yXnN

glUacute AtildelmqbL Ntildel mBT XNAumlsectcW hl XnM yzAtilde Ynt$ mBT XNAumll ycedilAtildeGAEligAElig YmSlfrac34LYacuteYacute Xn yzmbullN

bt KRStEAtildeN yMrAumlT bzH mLk nWYacuteYacute YH sAEligL GNfrac12 ng ymlw_M ccediln ymnotdS DL ylM XAtildeLh XNAumlLccediln

LB YsectLYacuteYacute 53 YH sAEligL GN bzAtildeM zmN bccedilNfrac12 _LQ yccediln ngr mldividenotecircEfrac12 FLSFAcircecircEAcirc yen~bpermilecircE WYYegraveC bSIacuteTAcirc b_permilT

YmicroyumlCcedil nbR yenltamp xYdlMYacuteYacute QM bfqd m-N GN YHN TKKLfrac34 xmicroyumlD lmktL qcurrenR-nt$M ccediln NtildekpermilW

ynbr YmSlfrac34LYacuteYacute 54 bsup2Ecirc zmN bbt KRStEAtildeN WS_ kcedilnotdaggerT xmF QCcediluacuteecircE kccediln XNGAuml LMMigraveC AEligšgR Bz satildeC lKbR

rdquol AEligYtecircR mccedilAcirccWfrac12 ldquobRG_ Xn kXnzH satildeC UR xND YnT XMnT XUpermillhN XnzH satildeC KRStEAtildeN

bcedilAEliglbT TRUgraveraquo Xn KRStEAtildeN nNrdquo ycedillWN _Atildeqamp dUGmN XNDN-YQ ycedilAtildedRgN zmN sectY nW AtildelnWYacuteYacute


14

|sects yenlT MN yenlT nW |r mrt$ XNAumlH nWYacuteYacute KRSTAcirc ybqlWfrac12 yxAumlecircE55 brvbarYyenntildeegraveC hl mgfrac34

kccedilnW kYhAuml brvbarYyenntildeT _sect |R nWYacuteYacute kzHM ytnœ KRSTAcirc BlAtildet$NM ccediln

XGzxBR xND nW ycedillWN yYhAuml brvbarYyenntildeT xStuacutesB bn YUpermilLmdashyYhAuml

brvbarYyenntildeT xAumlecircE xStuacutesBfrac12 kKRSTAcirc xAumlecircE XMnT ytly gnot bntilderWM XNmicro56YacuteYacute

yKRSTAcirc brvbarYyenntildeT m|permilCAcirc yKRSTAcirc xStMHeacute yenkL yccedilnW KRSegraveS xysSfrac12

xAumlecircE bccedilnW brvbarYyenntildenotecircE Xuacuteb (xStuacutesB) WS_ bxid |U bmgszligT SGdTN

mqblfrac12 ^-xnotChN YQR BAtildeCldquolh yenlt$frac12 kxBRbrvbarM bethT Xn nbRh ycedillW

NGGbdquo wztrf bzmn ybrvbarYyenntildeT xStMHeacuteM ccediln bjyenW ZB XNd Rft

XGzxBR (xMsectKN XNd muacutedB) notYegravexL57YacuteYacute yBlY kAumlN MNAEligAEligT permilsN

kXGzxBR UR AtildeStmicrokl wYM Xn xMsectK n BlOuml bYIacute ytAcircgr sWfrac12 xMsectKN

XNd muacutedB SlcedilAtildeSsup3-RbTfrac12 bDNUY twGeacute XNAumlgdL Atildesup2lmdashxysSfrac12 eacuteyenWAtildeN

TLQ wNjL yf[Ntilde satildeC bcedilq-bT yQEgraveT |RT bmSqL tcNKeacute XNAumlgdL

AtildedrgWfrac12 lzH NGGRAcirc DRgT yts- x[IacuteecircE Msectgt mccedilnN LB YsectL58YacuteYacute

kKRSegraveS RgT bldquosect yKRSegraveSN flG bmktLfrac12 KRSegraveS xysSN ysbkT dq

msup2NtildeRTfrac12 xysS zsectlyenecircE xMsectK mccedilnNfrac12 yrsaquolyenT fEgravepara mccedilnNfrac12 ksBxWAtildeNM

ccediln kmsectXKT xMLdivideAcirc SGdT ycedilqbL xMsectK mccedilnN wzt mUacuteIacutecW59 BzatildeC

ldquobRG_ KRSTAcirc xAumlecircE brvbarYyenntildeT nWNrdquo ycedillWN _Atildeqamp XNAuml-Yq$ xDRUgraveLYacuteYacute

KRSegraveS xysSN bzH mLK Atildeqrb yAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligTMfrac12 ytly xNDMnot

ntildehellipcW YHN DMAumlraquo XNAumlqlBs bRmicronot xyenpermil+ TNnotn qRiumlsectcecircLYacuteYacute

bbt KRStEAtildeN notparaK WS_ XNAumlhM bKRSTAcirc ngr mldivideT WS_ bzH rgD

seth iumlnot kcedilsEgravecW xNDMnotecircamp (yTRUgraveraquo) xyenpermilocircC maacuteLfrac12 blBAtildeW twsectJ

sAEligLtimesS XNAumlhM ysAEligLtimesS xgR LJ bnbrWAcirc yXSKNDRAtilde bt KRStEAtildeN xgLUY

bnbrW bxRtimesS yqrbT TNtAcircatildeC TLQ TkcurrenrT Atildegszlig nbbdquomdashsup2EcircM bBzatildeC LB

WS_ sethAcirc TLQ iumlnot YzW Ygfrac34lYacuteYacute

55 ldquoxCcedilrdquo yGXZ rdquoL sccedilNfrac12 xND wYM ymjmparaAtilde ycedilL TRgcurrenM xlWYacuteYacute bzH mF yt-qMNbT ldquoxNDrdquo

ycedillWN rdquoL XNAumlwKL nWYacuteYacute xAumlecircE brvbarYyenntildeT bXNGlZfrac34W monotheism lcedillW rdquoL xOgrave nWYacuteYacute 56 yYhAuml brvbarYyenntildeT xND AEligRY xND xmicroL sLfrac12 KRSTAcirc xND AEligRY ƒST xmicroL YsectLYacuteYacute XSLMAcircM XNd

YhAuml brvbarYyenntildeT xND AEligRY xND xmicroL YsectLYacuteYacute 57 ldquoxysS KRSegraveS xMsectK nWNrdquo ycedillWN KFL YmlkaLYacuteYacute 58 bBlY kAumlN bDNUY xSwGrW kcedilAtildeSgDl ^-xegraveC wYM wNjlOumlC maacuteL ycedilktlT YgszligbnotLmdash (1)

wsectJN muacutedB (zi 21divide1517)frac12 (2) XGzxBRN muacutedB (zl 24divide141623)frac12 (3) sNbTN xlyenKbR (z^curren 15divide32-36iquest

zi 31divide14iquest 35divide2)frac12 (4) _Nsup3sectN =Meacute ysTN TNbT mAcircgR (zi 22divide18iquest zl 20divide27iquest zAuml 13divide5iquest 18divide20)frac12 (5)

xmNZpermilnT (zl 20divide10iquest zAuml 13divide5iquest 18divide20iquest 22divide2123iquest zl 21divide9)frac12 (6) xSgDigrave mDfR (zAuml 22divide25)frac12 (7) satildeCN

xFntilde mWsD (zi 21divide16iquest zAuml 24divide7)frac12 (8) yxAEligTN cedilST yenGAEligT wYM XAcircTAcirc LJN yenGAEligT (zl 20divide111415iquest

zi 22divide19)frac12 (9) EgraveacircTN yenMlK (zl 20divide2iquest zAuml 13divide61015iquest 17divide2-7)YacuteYacute 59 yxStMHeacutet |sects mF QCcediluacuteecircE mrT ycedillWN MpermilF YmlkaLmdashbtlY ldquoxysS KRSegraveS xMsectK

nWrdquo ycedillWN RXSYacuteYacute


15

sAEligLtimesSfrac12 xysS xMsectK nW ycedillTN mF QCcediluacuteecircE MNAEligAEligT kNtildel LB

bmqbLfrac12 ldquoxysS xMsectK nWrdquo yenlTfrac12 ldquoxysS KRSegraveS permilsfrac12 XGzxBR xB nWrdquo

yenlT nW ycedilL TRgcurrenM AtildeqrblT sccedilNfrac12 xRtimesS dGaumlfrac12 yxysS KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT

YAcircgpermill ycedilAEliglTN KFlOumlC byenStAEligbLfrac12 btrdquopermilnW xysS F-R nW sL

tkpermilKeacutexLYacuteYacute yXnzH GlsiumlC TNtAcircfrac12 ldquoxysS xMsectK nWrdquo ycedillW TMHRTfrac12 ldquoxND

xMsectK BOgrave xlrdquo kcedillW mF QCcediluacuteecircE TMHRT XNAumlhM xAumlecircE kccedilnW yxYhD

brvbarYyenntildeT xmicroyumlD xNUacuteR XNAacuteT lg_M YCsectL bcedillW gcurrenAumlY sectY yqrbfrac12 xSnotpermilqE

mFTatildeC mccedilAcirccWN LB YsectLYacuteYacute

|sectsAtildeWAtildeN dGaumlfrac12 ksAEligLtimesS XNAumlhM kxRtimesS F[M btly mLkfrac12 ldquoxysSfrac12

xMsectK nW yenlT xysS xB nW yenlT xYdlMYacuteYacute sAEligLtimesS xysSN xB xDRmacr

yenQrb StT nWYacuteYacute bxNUacutebdquo xysS kxB AtildensAcirc ytf-r fEgravepara nW BlOuml yensBfrac12

kQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT xStMHeacute UR bq_not ycedilUacuterR nWYacuteYacuterdquo ycedillWN xIgraveM bmAtildeZ

xRtimesSNM ccediln sAEligLtimesSN AtildewGsup2lYacuteYacute

y|sects TMHRT bcedilktlT xMST mrnotWAtildeN n_iumlC sectY mrT Atildedrg

xStMHeacute nWiquest YWMmdash

1 XGzxBR xND nWYacuteYacute

2 xB F[M xMsectK nWYacuteYacute

3 wLD F[M xMsectK nWYacuteYacute

4 mNfS QCcedilS F[M xMsectK nWYacuteYacute

5 xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT AcirccWYacuteYacute

YH xMStfrac34W n_B sBpermilpermil XNdcedilktlW nWmdash

h xysS KRSegraveS XGzxBR xB xYdlM wYM XGzxBR xB xysS

KRSegraveS xYdlMYacuteYacute

l xysS KRSegraveS mNfS QCcedilS xYdlM wYM mNfS QCcedilS xysS KRSegraveS

xYdlM

XGzxBR xB mNfS QCcedilS xYdlM wYM mNfS QCcedilS XGzxBR

xB xYdlMYacuteYacute

ycedilktlT xyenpermilocircC dGauml ST AcirccWmdash

xND XGzxBR bƒST XGzxBeacuteC wYM

ƒST xmicrosectT bxND xmicroL WS_ wYM

ƒST xmicrosectT bƒST XGzxBeacuteC wYM

xND xmicroL bƒST XGzxBeacuteC yenlT xYdlMYacuteYacute

XGzxBR xND nW XNAumlhM XGzxBR ƒST nW ycedillW glUacute StT

nWiquest Qpermiln nWAcircYacuteYacute


16

ksectY lyenyT XNd aumlkRnWfrac12 zmnregc$ sAEligLtimesuacuteWAtildeN qcurren_R 4 XAcirc qcurren_R 5

xYqblMYacuteYacute xRtimesuacuteWAtildeN dGauml 3 XAcirc 4 xYqblMYacuteYacute |sectsWAtildeN GN hlNM n_iumlC

kNtildel LB bmqbLfrac12 ldquoxRtimesuacuteWAtildenNAcirc sAEligLtimesuacuteWAtilden yQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT MSKRnT

AEliglmqbL bnIacuteqamp WS_ wDqecircLrdquo sl YaumlGnotlYacuteYacute YH y|sects xyenNAtildeNfrac12

lxRtimesuacuteWAtilden XNAumlhM lsAEligLtimesuacuteWAtilden ycedilAtildeqRbT NtildeGTAcirc S nWYacuteYacute

bxNUacutebdquo dGauml xRtimesuacuteWAtildeNAcirc sAEligLtimesuacuteWAtildeN l|sects xyenregC ycedilAtildeqRbT _Atildeqampfrac12

bqcurren_R xNDAcirc bqcurren_R xMST sectY ycedilAtilde-n_N nWYacuteYacute YWMfrac12 ldquoxND xMsectK BOgrave

microliquest bxNUacutebdquo dGauml xB wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT kccedilnfrac12 bXnzH mrt

XMnegraveC WS_ MKNtimesxecircE60 Qpermiln xYntildeRM wY YHS xmlmicrokT kxryenWAtildeN

ymDBl xyenLKT xStuacutesB XNAacuteT llY YCsectLrdquo61 ycedillW nWYacuteYacute blsect xnUgR

yTCt$ yenkLfrac12 ldquo|sectsWAtildeN XGzxBR xND nW XAtildelfrac12 bxNUacutebdquo xBfrac12 wLDAcirc

mNfS QCcedilS ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT AcirccW yenlnotcW Qpermiln nWrdquo ycedillW +B_ nWYacuteYacute

bzH yTMHRT KFl gz |n xmKNtimesxecircE mrt$N xNmrMRMiquest kgz _bT

xNUacuteRYacuteYacute ngR GN ysAEligLtimesuacuteWAtildeNNAcirc yxRtimesuacuteWAtildeNN mrnotecircE +B_ Msectgt kmS-TM

AEligšgRfrac12 y|sectsWAtildeNN NtildeGT bx+bdquo xqRAEliglhYacuteYacute YH dGauml bAtildeNS kQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT

xmicroAtilde bqcurren_R 1 XAcirc bqcurren_R 5 mmicrokL xNAumlCM StT AtildelmntildebdquoN XaumlGnotlhYacuteYacute


3 xysS KRSegraveS xMsectK nWYacuteYacute


yen_lAtildeAcirc yen-NfethAtilde TMHRt |sects sectY byenStMRAEligcW iumlnotatildeC hlfrac12 satildeC btdUUcedilnT ycedil-

YIgravecW _AtildeqampatildeC xlYacuteYacute kmnšW lXnzH _AtildeqampatildeC x_Ub mLS mS-Tfrac12 TMHRt$N

bskn LB lmknottL YbcopyL ycedilL GMT xlYacuteYacute SlzH bQDcedilAtilde lXnzH ST

QDm GNsup2batildeC mF QCcediluacuteecircE Msectgt XNS_YacuteYacute

፩ ldquobQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT |sectsN xSmLKegrave bqE mrcopy xLqrbMrdquo

60 bzH iumlnot MKNtimes wYM |n xMKNtimes ycedillWN rdquoL yt-qMhTfrac12 bXNGlZfrac34W logic or reason ycedillWN rdquoL

XNAumlwKLL nWYacuteYacute 61 bmrt$ xRtimesuacuteWAtildeNfrac12 ldquoxB TLq$ xMsectK nWiquest xysS KRSegraveS dGauml bxB HLWAcircWN Atildegszlig yrsaquolyenT hl fEgravepara

nWrdquo ycedillW NGGpermilcW kxND bsectY fEgravepara XNAumllAcirc xNCcedil TLQ lsectW dGauml mlStfrac34 xMsectK XNAumll ycedilAtildeuacuteY

nWYacuteYacute YH dGauml ymDbl xyenLKT xStuacutesB mccedilnN LB YsectLYacuteYacute bxRtimesSAcirc bdq msup2NtildeRt$ sectY YHN TCT

lmjmparaAtilde gz AtildeqrbW yXSKNDRAtildeW yngr mldivideT MhR xTAcirctampatildeS nW (Encyclopedia Britannica 1979

Arianism Vol I p509)YacuteYacute


17

xNAumlND satildeCfrac12 ldquomF QCcedilS xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS ycedillT SaumlC bxND WD

WS_ yt-qsT bEgraveT ycedilsup3-bdquo _qET iumlnotatildeC sectY BOgrave nWiquest kXnzH MNAEligAEligT bmnœT

TMHRt |sectsN yenecircqR StT nWrdquo ycedilL xStuacutesB xsectcWYacuteYacute

YH F[M StT nWYacuteYacute bAtildeNS 55 yAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilSN

bxND WD WS_ b_MrT -QsW XAcircgfrac34lN62YacuteYacute KFlOumlc$N Xnccedilmdash eacuteraquo 5divide5-6iquest YhAuml 20-21iquest

2tslOumlNqamp 2divide13-14iquest eacuteraquo 15divide30iquest BpermilWAtildeN 2divide3-4iquest eacuteraquo 8divide14-17iquest 1tslOumlNqamp 1divide3-6iquest 2oumleacuteNegraveS

13divide14iquest yentampatildeS 28divide19iquest ecircRAtildeT |permil 10divide44-48iquest 2divide38-39iquest 1rsquo_eacuteS 4divide14iquest 1timesNS 3divide23-24iquest

1oumleacuteNegraveS 611iquest xOslashicircN 1divide3-13iquest ecircRAtildeT |permil 15divide8-11iquest BpermilWAtildeN 10divide29-31iquest eacuteraquo 5divide5-6iquest

xOslashicircN 2divide19-22iquest 3divide16-17iquest 2oumleacuteNegraveS 1divide21-22iquest gsectTAtilde 4divide4-6iquest ecircRAtildeT |permil 2divide38-39iquest 10divide44-48iquest

15divide8-11iquest 2027-28iquest 28divide25-31iquest eacuteraquo 1divide1-4iquest 5divide5-6iquest 8divide2-4iquest 8divide14-17iquest 8divide26-30iquest 15divide16iquest 15divide30iquest

1oumleacuteNegraveS 2divide2-5iquest 6divide11iquest 12divide4-6iquest 12divide11-1218iquest 2oumleacuteNegraveS 1divide21-22iquest 13divide14iquest xOslashicircN 1divide3-13iquest 2divide18iquest

2divide19-22iquest 3divide16-17iquest 4divide4-6iquest 4divide30-32iquest 5divide18-20iquest 1tslOumlNqamp 1divide3-6iquest 2tslOumlNqamp 2divide13-14iquest tEegrave 3divide4-6iquest

BpermilWAtildeN 2divide3-4iquest 9divide14iquest 10divide29-31iquest 1rsquo_eacuteS 1divide2iquest 3divide18iquest 4divide14iquest 1timesNS 3divide23-24iquest 4divide13-14iquest YhAuml

20-21YacuteYacute

፪ ldquokBlAtildeT bqE yenSrcopy mcamp qrbrdquo

xNAumlND satildeC dGaumlfrac12 ldquoXnzH mF QCcediluacuteecircE MNAEligAEligT hl kAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT

BOgrave ytgszlig AcirccWmdashBlY kAumlNN uacuteY=MRYacuteYacute YH lMN XNd ccediln x_Ub yenBpermilparaAtilde XSmicroLqrb

DrS TMHRt |sects mF QCcediluacuteecircE nW BlN mqbL YcGrAcircLrdquo YsectlYacuteYacute

ldquoyYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCrdquofrac12 ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo XNAumlhM y|sectsN TMHRT yyenYqbl

llOumlC brvbarYyenntildenotecircE DRJegraveCfrac12 yBlY kAumlN mUacuteFT xNAumlCM TMHRT byenAtildeqRbAEligcW

wYM XJG bEgraveM xAcircuacute yenBpermilparaAtilde bs-AEligcW xStMHeacuteatildeC sectY xIgraveM wSdecircLYacuteYacute lMuacutel yWbrvbar

_MqTfrac12 ygnot permilTfrac12 yKRSegraveS AumlGM MxTfrac12 yQCcediluacuteN TNœxfrac12 KRSegraveS yrsaquolyenT fEgravepara

mccedilnfrac12 KRSegraveS kNtildenotN XNdcedilnœfrac12 xysS XSpermilxsectWAtildeNN ldquobMDr bAuml sktsectcW ynbr

lT mccedilnrdquo wzt bBlY kAumlN xNAumlCM yenBpermilparaAtilde AtildeLqrbAEligcWM wYM XJG xAcircuacute mrcopy

yts-AEligcW TMHRegraveC AcirccWYacuteYacute ngR GN BlAtildeT xNAumlCM FN+ AEligLs-AEligcW wYM x_Ub

yenBpermilparaAtilde AEligsectqrbAEligcW bXnzH gcurrenAumltimesC sectY xIgraveM wSdecircLYacuteYacute XWnt$ YH kccediln dGaumlfrac12 AumlS

kAumlN bxBfrac12 bwLDAcirc bmNfS QCcedilS sectY XJG seth yenBpermilparaAtilde xQRiuml uacutelfrac12 BlAtildeT yenBpermilparaAtilde

SsectsectqrbbT XnzHN mrcopyatildeC xLqbLM yenlT StT nWmdashbAtildeNS yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT

xethatildet rdquoL AcirccW BlOuml ycedilAtildemN xyenYacuteYacute

LB LNlW ycedilgAEligN lsectW n_Bfrac12 ymF QCcedilS mMHpermilN XGzxBR permilsN ygl-

bT mNgD RMdnotecircE nW kcedilAEligLAEligcW MKNAtildeegraveC maacuteL ecircnfrac34Wfrac12 BlY kAumlN seth yenBpermilparaAtilde

AtildesectqrbAEligcW TMHRegraveCfrac12 bAumlS kAumlN byenAtildešyen mNgD seth TNnotn ts_egravexcW mgszligt$ nWYacuteYacute lzHM nW yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFTfrac12 XGzxBR lzmAcircT tsWeacute (MS-R ccedilntilde)

yntilderWN ngR bzmn m=rš sectY hlN xFnotegrave XNd gl-W ycedilAcircgbdquoT (BpermilWAtildeN 1divide1-3iquest

yenRoumlS 4divide11iquest yentampatildeS 13divide11iquest lrdquoS 8divide10iquest eacuteraquo 16divide25-27iquest 1oumleacuteNegraveS 2divide1-10iquest 1oumleacuteNegraveS 4divide1iquest

xOslashicircN 1divide8-10iquest 3divide1-10iquest sup3sectSYS 1divide25-27iquest 2divide2-3iquest 1-aumltampatildeS 3divide16)YacuteYacute SlzH BlY kAumlN yenBpermilparaAtilde

xsectqrbM wYM seth yenBpermilparaAtilde xLs-M bcedilLfrac12 yAumlS kAumlNN xStMHeacute xLqbLM yenlTfrac12

mF QCcedilS yYwtampAcirc yxStMHeacuteuuml mmparaAtilde nW kcedilL brvbarYyenntildetfrac34 sW ycedil-bQ

xYdlMYacuteYacute YH XNGAumlH xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS yenlTM ƒSt$ y|sects xmicrosectT b_MrT

62 XnzHM MNAEligAEligT bXNGlZfrac34 Triadic Texts bmAEligL YnotwrdquolYacuteYacute bxyenRfrac34CN ldquo|luacuteWAtildeN MNAEligAEligTrdquo BNsectcWS


18

yt-qsAEligcW iumlnotatildeC AcirccWYacuteYacute ngR GN xBAcirc wLD BOgrave wYM wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS wYM

dGauml mNfS QCcedilSAcirc xB b_MrT yt-qsAEligcW iumlnotatildeC dGauml XJG sbsup2 bRmicronot

mccedilAcirccWN LB YsectLYacuteYacute

፫ ldquoAumlS kAumlN bmNfS QCcedilS sectY seth yenBpermilparaAtilde xYs_Mrdquo

QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT yxBAcirc ywLD AtildeHLfrac12 bmNfS QCcedilS sectY seth yccediln yenBpermilparaAtilde

AtildesectqrbT lMNDN nWYacuteYacute YH mNfS QCcedilS xmicrosectecircE LWAcirc XNdllW wYM xMsectK XNAumlLccediln

xmsectmicroC nWN

mF QCcedilS btlYM yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT Sl mNfS QCcedilS x_Ub yccediln yenBpermilparaAtilde

s_tWAcircLYacuteYacute lzHM nW bmNfS QCcedilS yenNnT XNAumlhM Sl mNfS QCcedilS |permilfrac12 bt

KRStEAtildeN seth TMHRT AtildesectTYacuteYacute Sl mNfS QCcedilS yqrbW glUacutefrac12 kxBAcirc kwLD UR snUacute[R

xNuacuteL ycedilAEligL kccedilnfrac12 xSfsectg mrcopyatildeC hl XSk ts-N DrS xNuacuteL ycedillW xStAtildeyT

ldquokMN xNUacuteR notYegrave nW xNuacuteL lAEligL yOgravelWrdquo ycedillWN _Atildeqamp XNDN-YQ XNgdAumllNYacuteYacute

MKNAtildet$M ytngrN ngR ytagravesect XNAumlhM xStMHeacutexCNN lmQr bqE nWAcircYacuteYacute XNAumlAtilde AEligYccedilN

ntildeeacutefrac12 xMsectK ybl- yenBpermilparaAtilde Ys-N nbRYacuteYacute SlzH YH TCT btwsn mLk bmNfS QCcedilS

sectY yqrb S uacuteYccedilN bQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT NtildelnT sectY yqrb TCT nWYacuteYacute

QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT ytUacuteucircT bmNfS QCcedilS MparaT Slccedilnfrac12 mNfS QCcedilS dGauml xBNAcirc

wLDN yenKbR XNAumlhM yKRSegraveSN bsup2ecircE |permil XWN YccedilN zND rsaquolMN Sl^-xT mWqS

XNcopyfrac12 permilsN yenKbR SsectLccedilnfrac12 y|permilWN AtildeHL lyenNnt$ seth iumlnot ts_egraveT sectAcircY XNCsectlNYacuteYacute YH

SlmNfS QCcedilS ytly glUacute XNAumlntilderN ycedilAtildedRgN xYdlMYacuteYacute lMuacutel btsbN aeligegrave GpermilF

yenNœT XwAumllhYacuteYacute kzH ytnœMfrac12 LiacutecampAcirc AEliglbtamp XJG bRmicronot aeligegraveGpermilF sntildepermilcWfrac12 Xn

yMgAEligcW aeligegraveatildeC XJG xAcircuacute AcirccWYacuteYacute MKNAtildet$M Xn xBsup2frac34WN gz aeligegrave xNsup1 XNcopy aeligegrave

tngt xYdlhMAcircYacuteYacute ngR GN xNDM sW xucircN aumlLegravefrac12 baeligegrave Gpermilaeligc$ WS_ tSIacuteuuml bBsup2T

xLnotyMAcirc +permilsup1n ylM wYM baeligegrave Gpermilucirc XWN bmccediln pounddT WS_ tSIacuteuuml DRš ylWM

ll xYCLMYacuteYacute

፬ ldquoytuacuteuacutet QDm GNsup2b wd tuacuteuacutet DMAumlraquo wSAumlCldquoLrdquo ldquoy|sects xyenNAtildeN TMHRt |sects TKKL nW ycedillWN QDm GNsup2b (mQDm LAEligecircamp)

bmAtildeZ XnzHN KFlOumlC mmLknotcWfrac12 wd tuacuteuacutet DMAumlraquo XNAumldRs xDRUgravececircLiquest bXnzH

MNAEligAEligT xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS bxND sectY m-quacutecW XNtildeN bccedilNMfrac12 ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT

mccedilAcirccWN ycedilAtildemlKT xYdlMrdquo ycedilL xStuacutesB AtildesectcW satildeC xlYacuteYacute YH ytuacuteuacutet NtildeGT

nWYacuteYacute (1) y|sects xyenNAtildeN TMHRt |sects TKKL nW ycedillWN QDm GNsup2b bmAtildeZ mF

QCcediluacutecWN yen_AcircnotcW XNtildeN nWiquest bxNUacutebdquo dGaumlfrac12 ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo satildeC wYM

ldquoyYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCrdquofrac12 sAEligLtimesuacuteecircEAcirc xRtimesuacuteecircE bccediln XYnot mF QCcediluacutecWN mmLknotcWM

yyenYnotbL Q nWYacuteYacute MKNAtildet$M sW hl ypermils yccediln mQDm LAEligecircamp (QDm GNsup2b)63 xlWAcirciquest

SlzH Xn xNAumlCM mQDm LAEligecircamp yll wAcirc bT n yenlT ycedilCL xNAumlCM F_rT ylMYacuteYacute

mQDm LAEligecircampN mAcircQ ymQDm LAEligecircampN MNnT bWL AtildelmgNzB nWYacuteYacute XNGAumlAtildeW qcurrenM ngbdquo

mQDm LAEligecircamp xlN wYS ylNM ycedillW uacuteYccedilNfrac12 mQDm LAEligecircampxCN bx_Ub ymF

QCcedilS mrcopyatildeC ytdgf nW wYS xYdlM ycedillW n_B nWYacuteYacute

mrcopyatildeC QDm GNsup2bxCN AEligRouml XNAumlAtilde-IacuteN rdquonot ycedil-Bq$LN mœparaAtildeatildeC AcirccWAcircYacuteYacute

ldquoxBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS b_MrT m-quacutecW ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWN xAtildeuacuteYMrdquo

63 Presupposition ycedillWN yXNGlZfrac34 rdquoL XNAumlwKL ynotsb rdquoL nWYacuteYacute


19

ycedillW TCT seth yenBpermilparaAtilde SlcedilfLGfrac12 ldquosect gcurrenAumldaggerN bSIacuteT XNmrMrecirclNYacuteYacute (2) bXnzH

yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT WS_ xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS b_MrT m-quacutecW BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12

ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWNfrac12 yMNAEligAEligt$ secircSecircecircE xwrdquoqR XNAumlhM WAumlecircE TRUgraveraquo byenAtildesup1yen

mNgD AtildeSrAumlLYacuteYacute ldquosect bzH gcurrenAumlY sectY seth yenBpermilparaAtilde SlMAcircqRB YHN uacuteB bzh XNIgrave=WYacuteYacute

፭ ldquomNfS QCcedilS xmicrosectecircE HLWAcirc microlWfrac12 bGZ tWsect- SM lMN qrbrdquo xNAumlND GlsiumlC dGaumlfrac12 ldquoxBAcirc wLD btAEligT (bwNAacute) Ucircnot sgl[frac12 mNfS QCcedilS

GN bGZ Ucircnot mQrbfrac12 xmicrosectecircE HLWAcirc XNdllW ycedilAtildemlKT nWrdquofrac12 ycedilL yNtildeGT n_B

xsectcW64YacuteYacute btlY kNG jMS ycedilAEliglWN yXNGlZfrac34 TRgcurrenM Atildenbb satildeCfrac12 YH _Atildeqamp bqsectl

sf-RAEligcW YnotAtildeLmdashldquoThe Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit that we are the children of

Godrdquo (Rom 816 KJV)mdashldquoyXGzxBR LiacuteC mccedilAcircCNN Atilde mNfS permils kmNfuacuteCN UR ccedilntilde

YmsKRLAcircLrdquoYacuteYacute YH yGparaKN secircSW microlyenwQ ycedilkT Gpermil mUAEligT nWYacuteYacute bXNGlZfrac34 IgraveNIgrave

secircSecircecircE UcircnotAcirc tf_eacutexecircE Ucircnot xND AcirccWiquest lMuacutel ldquowNDrdquo ycedillW tAEligTfrac12 ldquosTrdquo ycedillW

xNSnotY XNAumlhM ldquomkAcircrdquo ycedillW dGauml yGZ UcircnotN ycedilAtildeuacutedagger AcirccWYacuteYacute lXnzHM SaumlC

yMN-qmW MDB tWsect- SM (pronoun) TKKLfrac34WN Ucircnot ycedilAtildeEgraveQS mccedilN YntildeRbnotLYacuteYacute

lzHM nW bXNGlZfrac34 secircSW tf_hellipecircE UcircnotAcirc ysecircSW Ucircnot XND AcirccW AtildeLnWYacuteYacute AumlS kAumlN

mUacuteFT ytUacuteucircT bXNGlZfrac34 wYM bGXZ wYM dGauml blsect IgraveNIgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 divideYn bcedilAEliglW

yGparaK IgraveNIgrave nWYacuteYacute divideYn GparaK kXNGlZfrac34 secircSW bXJg ycedillYbT ypermils yccediln -AEligY xlWYacuteYacute bdivideYn GparaK yenAcirccWM YnT SaumlC bƒST mdB YkfsectlYacuteYacute YWM xNSnotY (stamp)frac12

tAElignotY (wNAacute) XAcirc GZ AcirccWYacuteYacute YH yenlT GN btAElignotY Ucircnot yqrbW xmicroL wND nW

bxNSnotY Ucircnot ytgl-W sT nW XNAumlhM bGZ Ucircnot yqrbW GZ nW yenlT xYdlMYacuteYacute ysecircSW UcircnotAcirc tf_hellipecircE Ucircnot ytlAtildedagger AcirccWAcircYacuteYacute lMuacutel ldquoaumlTrdquo (GparaK notAcircegraveS θάνατος) tAElignotY

Ucircnot sntilderWfrac12 ldquo^-xTrdquo (GparaK hyenRTAtilde ἁμαρτία) dGauml xNSnotY Ucircnot xlWYacuteYacute ldquoLJrdquo (tampKntildeN

τέκνον) XNAumlhM ldquoEacuteNrdquo (shyYAumltimesN παιδίον) ycedillT rdquosectT yGZ Ucircnot xsectcWYacuteYacute

ldquoEacuteNrdquo (shyYAumltimesN παιδίον) ycedillW yGparaK rdquoL zRzR xDRgN XNmLktWYacuteYacute rdquol AumlS

kAumlN GparaK 52 gz yt-qs sccedilNfrac12 bsB lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM dGauml 168 gz _QM sectY WsectLYacuteYacute

yrdquol secircSecircecircE Ucircnot GZ YhN XNcopyfrac12 EacuteN LJ GZ xYdlMmdash yGD tAElignotY xLAtildeM

xNSnotY Ucircnot xlWYacuteYacute lMuacutel xysS bAumlS kAumlN GparaK 11 gz EacuteN tBsectLiquest rdquol yGZ

UcircnotN kyenmLkt$M AEligšgRfrac12 MDB tWsect- Saumlc$ GZ UcircnotN xmsectmicroC AcirccW (yentampatildeS 2divide8

91113 [2gz]1420 [2 gz]iquest lrdquoS 2divide172740)YacuteYacute ngR GN XNAumlAtildeW ylylT wfOslash microLccediln bqRfrac12

gnot EacuteNnt$ wQT GZ nbR ycedilL sW Atildel xYmSlM (kzH secircSecircecircE Ucircnot bmnœT)YacuteYacute

lzHM nW bGparaK secircSW tf_hellipecircE wYM gÂumlecircE UcircnotAcirc secircSecircecircE Ucircnot lyQL AcirccW ycedilAEliglWYacuteYacute

bGparaK secircSW Ucircnot MN YnT AEligRY XNAumllW yzHN AtildeHL ktmlkTN _AtildeqampWN mmlS XNCsectlNYacuteYacute bGparaK ldquomNfSrdquo (nWyen πνεῦμα) ycedillW SM mNfuacuteecircE xmicrosectTNM ccediln

(XRkcurrenuacuteNNM ccediln QCcediluacuteN msectXKTN65) mNfS QCcedilSN lyenuacuteyT _QM sectY bWLMfrac12 rdquol

bsecircSW xmicroyumlCcedil yGZ UcircnotN SlcedilAtildemlKT rdquolM ccediln rdquolN tkTlW ycedilm- MDB

tWsect- SaumlCfrac12 yGZ UcircnotN AtildeuacuteAtildel (lMuacutel timesNS 4divide24iquest GparaK MDM tWsect- SaumlC kUcircnotW

UR YEgraveEgraveyenliquest ngR GN xNAumlNAacute yAumlS kAumlN [ˆFAtildeN YHN G bmtsectlF ksecircSW YLQ 64 Insight on the Scriptures ldquoEntry for ldquoSPIRITrsquordquo Volume 2 (Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York Inc 1989)

1019 65 bQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFTfrac12 XRkcurrenuacuteN mAcircSFST mNfS tBlecircLYacuteYacute ngR GN ymNfS QCcedilSN xmicrosectecircE HLWAcirc ycedilKCcedil

satildeCM XNmicrofrac12 XnzH mNfuacuteWAtildeN F_rnotT xmicrosectecircE HLWAcirc XNAumlsectcW AtildeMAcirclYacuteYacute


20

lngr mldividet$ TkcurrenrT s_tecircL)YacuteYacute YH XNAumll ccedilntilde mNfS QCcedilSfrac12 rsquopermilQlotildeS (shypermilKlegraveS

παράκλητος) tBlOuml bt-permilAEligcW iumlnotatildeC sectY ytAEligT Ucircnot XNAumlhM MDB tWsect- Saumlc$

ytAEligT Ucircnot YzW gBtecircL (lMuacutel timesNS 14divide26iquest 1timesNS 2divide1)YacuteYacute ldquoxUNTrdquo (AumlYaumlnatildeN

δαιμονίων) ycedillW rdquoL yGZ UcircnotN xmLmicroC nWYacuteYacute ngR GN XRkcurrenuacuteN mAcircFST Gsup2N AcirccW

yenlT xYdlM (permilXY 18divide2iquest yentampatildeS 7divide22iquest yenRoumlS 16divide917iquest ecircRAtildeT |permil 17divide18)YacuteYacute SlzH

eacuteraquo 8divide16 =Meacute llOumlCM iumlnotatildeC mNfS QCcedilSN ycedilAtildemlKt$ MDB tWsect- SaumlC yGZ

UcircnotN yenuacuteynotcW mNfS QCcedilS GZ nW wYM xmicrosectecircE HLWAcirc ylWM wdcedillW DMAumlraquo

ycedilAtildedRs xYdlMYacuteYacute bzH rgD ldquokecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquoAcirc ldquokYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCrdquo ycedilqRbW

TCTfrac12 YHN mrnotecircE ysecircSW xmicroyumlD microlyenwQ ycedilmn+ nWYacuteYacute YH Ynt$ CGR

XNAumlYkT bcedilL nWfrac12 ywNgL xgLUtimesC ngr mldivideT TMHRT bT bmGAEligTfrac12 GparaKNAcirc

BpermilYS_N bwg lyenbdquo YgAEligcecircL ycedilAEliglWYacuteYacute lzHM nW bsAEligLtimesSAcirc bxRtimesS xStMHeacute WS_ AtildelTN satildeCfrac12 yXAcircT IgraveNIgraveWN secircSW XNAumlhM yQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT AtildefnotT _bB (bAtildeNS

ymjmparaAtildeatildec$N KFlOumlC) tyenbdquo byenlT yMNwtWtWiquest yMNecircTtWYacuteYacute

፮ ldquoxysS KRSegraveS bq_notfrac12 lsquoXn xMsectK n rsquo lMN xsectlMrdquo

yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT xysS KRsegraveS xMsectK mccedilnN bGLAcirc bSIacuteT ycedilAtildeStMbdquo bccedilNMfrac12 xNAumlND satildeC rdquoL brdquoL xysSfrac12 ldquoXn xMsectK nrdquo lMN xsectlM xysS YH Ynt$N

NGGR bGL tAcircGeacute bccedilN ntildeeacute wYM ldquoy|sects hltfrac34 xmicroL nrdquo bL ntildeeacutefrac12 xMsectKnt$N

mqbLM ccediln TMHRt |sectsN yenmN xAumlUC xYccedilNM nbR YsectlYacuteYacute bmrt$ bAumlS kAumlN

MNAEligAEligTfrac12 YH Ynt$ NGGR rdquoL brdquoL t-Qicirc xlmgszligt$ XNtildeN bccedilNMfrac12 bF QCcedilS bpermils

yxgsectl mNgD yxysS KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT bGLAcirc bSIacuteT AtildeStMpermilLYacuteYacute lzH _Atildeqamp

kcedilqRb x_Ub mLicircC maacuteL ycedilktlT xpermilT n_iumlC TLQ iumlnot lsEgravecW ycedilgAElig YmSlfrac34Lmdash

1 TMHRt |sectsNM ccediln yKRSegraveSN xMsectKnT yyenYqbl satildeCfrac12 xysS bq_notfrac12 ldquoXn

xMsectK nrdquofrac12 ldquoXn y|sects hltfrac34 xmicroL nrdquo wzt XSmicrosectl DrSfrac12 xMsectKnt$N mqbL AtildeAumlGtAcircL

ycedill kccedilnfrac12 kXzH UR tmuacuteuacuteY yccediln yxmKNtimes xmicroyumlD bmktL xysS bmF QCcedilS rdquoL brdquoLmdash ldquoXn xMsectK xYdlhMrdquofrac12 ldquoXn y|sects hltfrac34 xmicroL xYdlhMrdquo BlOuml SsectLtAcircgr

xMsectKnt$NM ccediln y|sects xmicroL mccedilnN satildeC lqbl YgAEligL yenlT YOgravesectLN xysS KRSegraveS

rdquoL brdquoLfrac12 ldquoXn xMsectK nrdquo Atildelyenlt$ xMsectK AtildelmccedilnN XNdyenAtildeuacuteY hlfrac12 ldquoXn xMsectK

xYdlhMrdquo BlOuml XSmicroLtAcircgrM DrS xMsectK nW wdcedilL DMAumlraquo myumlD xYOgraveLM yenlT

YOgravesectL bhlt$M bkL YH yNtildeGT xmicroyumlD StT nWYacuteYacute kzH yMNyenrW XWnTfrac12 QCcediluacuteT

mUacuteFT Sl KRSegraveS xMsectKnT wYM Sl TMHRt |sects ycedilAtildeStMbdquoT TMHRTfrac12 yXfrac34N

yrFt ngR xmicroyumlD wYM yTNnotn zuuml btktl mLk XNAumlLccediln nWYacuteYacute

bxND wQT bKRSegraveS xMsectKnT sectY XNwAtildeY ynbr xND yYDaggerecirc MSKRfrac12 ldquoXn

xysSN hlN OgraveY xMsectK xDRg yyenLqbLbT MKNAtildeTfrac12 xysS bq_not lsquoXn hlN OgraveY

xMsectK nrsquo BlOuml SsectLtAcircgr nWrdquo xlYacuteYacute XnM ldquokzH NGGRH ytrAumlhTfrac12 xND TMHRT

TKKL nW BlH yMnotMnWfrac12 TMHRt$ rdquoL brdquoL xNt bMTfLgW mLK bmF QCcedilS WS_ t-Qicirc sg nW yenlT nWrdquo SL _Atildeqamp xqrBhlTYacuteYacute XRsM bNtildel LB sup3F-N BlOumlfrac12

ldquoXNAacutenotiquest ymF QCcedilS xyenn XNd mccediln m-N mF QCcedilS rdquoL brdquoL AtildeLngrN ngR

xsectMNMrdquo xlYacuteYacute XnMfrac12 ldquoXNGAumlAtildeW mF QCcedilS lsquoxysS lq mLxK cedilmicroxL nWrsquo wYM

lsquoxysS xMsectK l|permil snœœ bmjmparaAtilde yf-rW F-R nWrsquo ycedillTN ymF QCcedilS

MNAEligAEligT xuacuteyrdquo xLhTiquest XRsM _qET microsb bldquosectfrac12 ldquomF QCcedilS rdquoL brdquolfrac12 lsquoxysS


21

cedilmicroxL nWrsquo AEligYLMfrac12 YH Ynt$ uacuteB AtildesectcW ymF QCcedilS KFlOumlC xlrdquo xlYacuteYacute mF

QCcedilS rdquoL brdquoLfrac12 ldquoxysS lq mLxK cedilmicroxL nWrdquo wYM ldquoxysS xMsectK l|permil snœœ

bmjmparaAtilde yf-rW F-R nWrdquo byenYLbT hnnotfrac12 ldquoYH YnT uacuteB AtildesectcW ymF QCcedilS

KFlOumlC xlrdquo bcedilLfrac12 ldquoxysS lq mLxK cedilmicroxL nWrdquofrac12 ldquoxysS xMsectK l|permil snœœ

bmjmparaAtilde yf-rW F-R nWrdquo BlH yMnotMN kccedilnfrac12 ldquordquoL brdquoL microLt-qs xsectMNMrdquo

ycedillW xIgraveMH kzH uacuteB UR XNAacuteT notSnotRqecirclH xLhTYacuteYacute LB llW ycedilgAElig qcurrenM ngRfrac12 mF QCcedilS xNDN uacuteB rdquoL brdquoL Xfrac34 bMNfLgW mLK xLtAcircgrWM (xsectqrbWM)

yenlTfrac12 kzH trdquopermilnW uacuteB TKKL nW yenlT xYdlMYacuteYacute

YHN NtildeGT btmlkt LB LNlW ycedilgAEligN lsectM n_B xlYacuteYacute KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT

yyenYqbl satildeC xysS KRSegraveS xMsectK XNd ccediln bGL ycedilAtildeStMbdquoTN ymF QCcedilS MNAEligAEligT ytly TNnotn YsEgravececircLYacuteYacute lMuacutelmdash yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC timesNS 1divide1iquest 1divide18iquest 20divide28 sectY

xysS bGL ldquoxMsectKrdquo XNd tAEligl ycedilqbl bccedilNM66frac12 ldquoxMsectK mAEligl xMsectK mccedilnN

ycedilAtildeStMR uacuteYccedilNfrac12 yxMsectK XNdpermilsfrac14wkL mccedilnN ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWrdquo ycedilL TNnotn

AtildeqRblnotLYacuteYacute kzH yMNyenrW XWnT xysS KRSegraveS bq_notfrac14rdquoL brdquoLfrac12 ldquoXn hlN OgraveY

xMsectK nrdquofrac12 ldquoXn y|sects hltfrac34 xmicroL nrdquo bL XNmicrofrac12 lzH xnUgbdquo ytly TNnotn bmS-Tfrac12

ldquolsquoxysSfrac12 Xn hlN OgraveY xMsectK nrsquo yenlt$ hlN OgraveY xMsectK nW lyenlT tfLmacr uacuteYccedilN wYM

y|sects hltfrac34 xmicroL mccedilnN lyenStyenR uacuteYccedilNfrac12 bWKLAcirc drcopy xMsectK tBlOuml msyNtildeN

lyenSrAumlT nWrdquo ycedilL wYM kzH UR ycedilmuacutesL TNnotn YqRBlT XNd nbR mgmT

xAumlUC xYccedilNMYacuteYacute SlzH xysS KRSegraveS rdquoL brdquoLfrac12 ldquoXn hlN OgraveY xMsectK nrdquoiquest ldquoXn y|sects

hltfrac34 xmicroL nrdquo bLM NGGbdquo lTRUgraveraquo xyenpermil+ TNnotn xYbJlTM BlOuml yensB StT

nWYacuteYacute kzH yMNyenrW gcurrenAumlY xND ngR Xfrac34 bMNfLgW mLk bq_not m-qsM ccediln

Atildelm-qsfrac12 bRXs gcurrenAumldagger sectY AtildelWN KRKR ycedilAtildeSwGD xYccedilNM67YacuteYacute

ƒStfrac34W n_B bwNgsectT yMNyenrW TMHRT yxysS KRSegraveS xgLGlOumlT qAumlyenY tLXdivide xBN mGl_frac12 xBN yenKbR XNAumlhM satildeCN kxB UR yenSnotrQ nW (lMuacutel

66 bQRb kxStMHeacutexcW UR XNAumlEgraveEgraveM byensBfrac12 bxyenRfrac34 IgraveNIgrave tRgcurrenmW lNAEligB AtildeqrbT yAumlS

kAumlN QJfrac12 bXnzH KFlOumlC xysS xMsectK XNd tAEligl YHM xysS lxB AtildelWN WKLAcirc XNdcedilAtildeuacuteY

YgLUacuteLYacuteYacute 67 XnAcirc wNDM xyenr mSFN TMHRt |sectsN byenStMRbT wQTfrac12 xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT

mccedilAcirccWN secircSecircecircE NtildeGT yenQrB SlnbrB btimesNS 1divide1 sectY ycedilktlWN NtildeGT qrBhmdash timesNS

1divide1 sectY ldquoURrdquo wYM ldquozNDrdquo tBlOuml bxyenRregc$ QiacuteC sectY yttrgOumlmW yGparaK rdquoL (ldquoPeacuteSrdquo ldquoπρὸςrdquo)frac12

bXNGlZregc$ ymF QCcedilS QiacuteC sectY yttrgOumlmW ldquowithrdquo tBlOuml nWYacuteYacute bAumlS kAumlN GparaK secircSWfrac12

ldquoPeacuteSrdquo ldquoπρὸςrdquo ycedillW rdquoL btuacuteb NtildeAtilde (objective case) bcedilqdMbT gz mStUBRNfrac14GNszlignTN

AtildemlKnotLiquest YH dGauml wLD bxB WS_ Atildel NGrt rdquoL uacuteYccedilN kxB UR xBeacute ycedilntildeR xmicroL mccedilnN

AtildeuacuteAtildeLYacuteYacute bzH yTMHRT PeacuteGpermilM xzWTeacute wd gAEligxW YmEgrave ynbr xND sWfrac12 timesNS 1divide1 sectY

xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWN lmGl bfLG ntildeeacutefrac12 bzH KFL ldquoPeacuteSrdquo ldquoπρὸςrdquo kcedillW yGparaK

rdquoL YLQ ldquoshypermilrdquo ldquoπαράrdquo ycedillWN yGparaK rdquoL Y-qM nbRYacuteYacute SlzH ldquoshypermilrdquo ldquoπαράrdquo kcedillW rdquoL YLQ

ldquoPeacuteSrdquo ldquoπρὸςrdquo ycedillW yGparaK rdquoL _QM sectY mecircl xBM wLDM xysS mccedilnN AtildeuacuteAtildeL ycedilL NtildeGT

qrbYacuteYacute XnM yNtildeGT xmicroyumlDH ytuacuteuacutet nW SL GlsbN trdquowMhYacuteYacute NtildeGTHfrac12 ldquoPeacuteSrdquo ldquoπρὸςrdquo kcedillW

rdquoL YLQ ldquoshypermilrdquo ldquoπαράrdquo ycedillW rdquoL biumlnotW sectY t-Qicirc bg Yšlfrac34L uacuteYccedilNfrac12 t-Qicirc ytgszligW rdquoL

(ldquoPeacuteSrdquo ldquoπρὸςrdquo) btuacuteb NtildeAtilde sqdM GNszlignTN AtildeuacuteAtildeL wYS xAtildeuacuteYM ycedilL NtildeGT nW yenQrB

ycedilntildeRBH xLhTYacuteYacute MKNAtildet$M kzH rdquoL YLQ YH rdquoL b-qS Yšlfrac34L ycedillW yGlsb yNtildeGT

xmicroyumlDfrac12 mF QCcedilS Xn bflGhbT mNgD microLtUacuteffrac12 LqblW Xcgpermillh ycedillWN mQDm Xuacuteb

bQDm hnnot AtildeSgAElig SlccedilnYacuteYacute


22

ycedilktlTN KFlOumlC YmlkaLmdash yentampatildeS 11divide27iquest timesNS 14divide6iquest 17divide4)YacuteYacute ecircRAtildeW OcircWlOumlSM

yxysS KRSegraveS qAumlyenY tLXdivide permilsN XNd AEligRAtilde ZQ byenDrG XGzxBRN yenSkbR XNcopyfrac12 permilsN kF yenDrG xYdlM (ethLugraveSdaggerS 2divide6-7 OcircWlOumlS YHN NGGR ytAcircgrW KRStEAtildentildeC XRS

bRS mkAEligbR XNAumllAEligcW AEligStyenrbT WD nW)YacuteYacute xysS KRSegraveS bq_not xMsectK n bL

ntildeeacute ymjmparaAtildeW megrave KFl zmN sectY ynbbdquo xYhD gcurrenAumldaggerN XNd TLQ BdT Ysup3_bdquoT

nbRYacuteYacute SlzH yenNnt$N xlZiuml dq msup2NtildeRT bpounddT yKRSegraveSN GBRfrac12 YwTAcirc TMHRT

bmmLkT wdzH DMAumlraquo XNAumldRs XNd flg mF QCcedilS AtildeStMpermilLYacuteYacute

xpermiltfrac34W n_B QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT xysS permilsN hlN OgraveY xMsectK xDRmacr AtildeqrbAEligcW bRmicronot yAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT xlYacuteYacute kzH WS_ _qEegravec$N XNmLkTmdash

h xysS xMsectmicroecircE KBR xlWYacuteYacute xysS satildeC xBN XNdcedilAtildekBbdquo hl XRsNM XNAumlAtildekBbdquo xStMeacutexL (timesNS 5divide23)YacuteYacute brvbarYyenntildenotecircE SGdTN bcedilAtildemlKTbT WD

WS_frac12 xysS xMsectmicroecircE SGdT tqBlOumlxL (yentampatildeS 14divide33iquest 28divide17)YacuteYacute [lOumlnotcWN SMegrave

Msectgt bcedils_bT hnnot WS_ dq msup2NtildeRT wd XRs XNAuml[Ldagger xStMeacutexL (timesNS

14divide14)YacuteYacute xysS satildeC XGzxBR xBN XNdcedilAtildeMnT hl bXRsM sectY XMnT

XNAumlntildepermilcW xbrnotegravexL (yentampatildeS 9divide28iquest timesNS 14divide1)YacuteYacute xysS satildeC k|U

zmigraveOgravecW YLQ XRsN mWdD XNAumllAEligcW xStMeacutexL (yentampatildeS 10divide37iquest lrdquoS

14divide26iquest timesNS 14divide1521iquest 15divide10)YacuteYacute

l xysS xMsectmicroecircE AEligRY xlWYacuteYacute xysS LK XNd xAEligt$ Slccediln XRsN yenyT yenlT xAEligt$N XNd yenyT XNd ccediln tAcircGeacutexL (timesNS 14divide7-10)YacuteYacute xysS dq msup2NtildeRt$

bcedilgszligbT SFpermil hl XNdcedilg (x^zfrac14msectx kcurrenl) XNd ccediln tAcircGeacutexL (yentampatildeS

18divide20iquest XNAumlhM ycedilktlWN KFL YmlkaL yentampatildeS 28divide20)YacuteYacute xysS F_rnotT

kmf-permilcW bethT XNd nbR tAcircGeacutexLYacuteYacute YH dGauml Jyeneacute yllWfrac12 zsectlyenecircE yccediln xMsectK XNd ccediln ycedilAtildeStMR nW (timesNS 8divide58-59iquest 17divide5)YacuteYacute bBlY kAumlN AtildeHecircamp Xn Xn

n XNAumllW hl xysSM Xn Xn n BlOumlxL (timesNS iquest 426iquest 620iquest 8242858iquest

1318-19iquest 185-8iquest kcedilktlT KFlOumlC UR AtildenUacutebdquo zAumlGM 32divide39iquest xuacuteYAtildeS 41divide4iquest

43divide2510-1125iquest 46divide4iquest 52divide6)YacuteYacute

xysS xMsectmicroecircE GBR xlWYacuteYacute xysS KRSegraveS ktf_eacute GUT hl bsectY XNd ccediln

tAcircGeacutexLYacuteYacute YH dGauml bBlAtildeT xB ytf_eacute GUT gnot yccedilnbTN hnnot notuacuteb Atildedrg nW (lMuacutel ycedilktlTN KFlOumlC YmlkaL yentampatildeS 8divide23-27iquest 14 divide13-33iquest

kcedilktlT KFlOumlC UR AtildenUacutehellipL mZNtildeR 77divide16-20iquest 104divide4-9iquest 107divide23-30)YacuteYacute LK XNd

xB |LEgraveAcircecircE rdquoL YAcircgpermilLYacuteYacute XNd nbAtildeT ypermilecircET xMsectK XGzxBR XNAumlH

YsectL uacuteYccedilNfrac12 Xn GN XNAumlH XsectCldquolh ycedillWN NGGR BlAtildeT kcedilAtildeStMbdquoT

TMHRT UR byennUacute[R tAcircGeacutexL (lMuacutel yentampatildeS 5divide1826iquest yenRoumlS 3divide28iquest lrdquoS 4divide24iquest

timesNS 1divide51)YacuteYacute ysatildeCN ^-xT YQR XNdcedilL xStMeacutexL (yentampatildeS 9divide1-8iquest yenRoumlS

2divide1-12iquest lrdquoS 5divide17-26)YacuteYacute lNtildenotN YwT XNdcedils_ tAcircGeacutexL (timesNS 5divide28-29iquest

11divide25-26)YacuteYacute lwddW YwTN YsEgraveL (timesNS 5divide21-26)YacuteYacute bm=ršM bsatildeC Egrave

fNnot sectY hl YfRAumlL (yentampatildeS 16divide27iquest 25divide31-46iquest timesNS 5divide22-23)YacuteYacute mNfS QCcedilSN

ksyenY ymsectK |LEgraveN XNAumllW tAcircGeacutexL (timesNS 15divide26iquest 16divide7-14)YacuteYacute

m xysS xMsectmicroecircE mNbR xlWYacuteYacute xysS bNf rsaquolNtilde hl sectY |LEgraveN XNAumllW (yentampatildeS 28divide18)YacuteYacute SlzHM bxMsectK lrsaquosectecircE zIacuteN sectY mqm_ YCsectL (yentampatildeS 25divide31iquest

yenRoumlS 12divide36iquest lrdquoS 20divide42-43)YacuteYacute bhl sectY ybsectY AEligl|LEgraveN nW (yentampatildeS 11divide25-27iquest

lrdquoS 10divide21-22iquest timesNS 3divide35iquest 13divide3iquest 16divide15)YacuteYacute kzHM ytnœ yxysS trdquoecirccedilatildeC


23

MGAEligbdquoAcirc NGGbdquo permilsN kxMsectK UR ycedilAtildeStkKL nW bcedilL ykssT (yentampatildeS 9divide3iquest

yenRoumlS 2divide7iquest 14divide61-64iquest timesNS 5divide17-18iquest 8divide58-59iquest 10divide27-33iquest 19divide7)YacuteYacute xysS permilsN

XNmicro yyenSnœT ClOumlnot XNAumllW xStMeacutexL (timesNS 2divide19-22iquest 10divide17-18)YacuteYacute

xysS xMsectmicroecircE SM xlWYacuteYacute egraveyenS gnotuumlAcirc xMsectk (timesNS 20divide28) BlOuml xysSN

mAcircgbdquo xysS xNt yTNœx gnot mccedilnN SsectyH xMnbrvbarL uacuteAtildedagger ycedilAtildeMn MSgntildeC

AcirccW sL ys-W Msectgtfrac12 satildeC hl xysSN xMsectkAcirc gnotuuml BlW XNAumlAtildeMnT ycedilAtildeuacuteSB nW (xysSN ldquoxMsectKrdquo ycedill ycedilktlTN KFlOumlC YmlkaL timesNS

1divide118iquest eacuteraquo 9divide5iquest 1timesNS 5divide20-21iquest BpermilWAtildeN 1divide8iquest ecircRAtildeT |permil 20divide28iquest tEegrave

2divide13iquest 2rsquo_eacuteS 1divide1)YacuteYacute

xysS KRSegraveS y|U lAEliggt hl xMsectKfrac12 yrsaquolyenT hl fEgraveparafrac12 SGdTAcirc xMLdivide

ycedilgAEligWfrac12 hlN ycedilCLfrac12 bhl iumlnot ycedilgfrac12 hlN ycedilAtildeWQ xMsectK mccedilnN mF QCcedilS

bGL ycedilAtildeStMR kccedilnfrac12 xysS KRSegraveSN XNd egraveyenSfrac12 ldquoxMsectkAcirc gnotuumlrdquo Buuml yenmn mF

QCcedilSN ytktl xMLdivide yyenYccedilNbT MKNAtildet$ MNDN nW

፯ ldquomNfS QCcedilS xmicrosectecircE HLWAcirc microlWfrac12 bssectMnot WS_ lMN

xLtmicrottM rdquo

becircRAtildeW OcircWlOumlS aeligC WS_frac12 ecircRAtildeW bssectMnotW WS_ xBAcirc wLDN

s-QS mNfS QCcedilSN xL-qsMfrac12 ldquokxAElignotCN kXGzxBRfrac12 kgnotM kxysS

KRSegraveS [UAcirc ssectM lXAcircNt YhNrdquo (eacuteraquo 1divide7)YacuteYacute xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT XNd ccediln

hl mNfS QCcedilSM ypermils yenNnT AtildelW xmicroL bccedilN ntildeeacute bzH KFL mNfS QCcedilS l-

qS YgAElig nbRYacuteYacute xysSfrac12 ldquokxB lsect wLDN ycedilAtildeWQ ylMiquest kwLDAcirc wLD permils fQigrave

kcedilgL_sectcW lsect xBN ycedilAtildeWQ ylMrdquo (yentampatildeS 11divide27) bcedillW NGGbdquo WS_frac12

mNfS QCcedilSN xsectmicrottMYacuteYacute mNfS QCcedilS permilsN yOgravel HLWAcirc AtildelW xMsectK bccedilN ntildeeacute

xBAcirc wLDN XNdcedilAtildeWQfrac12 xBAcirc wLDM mNfS QCcedilSN XNdcedilAtildeWq$ m-qS

nbrbTYacuteYacute xysSfrac12 ldquongR GN SlzAtildeC qN wYM SlzAtildeC srsaquoT kxB bqRfrac12 ysyenY

msectXKTM ccedilnfrac12 wLDM bccedilNfrac12 MNM xAtildeWQMrdquo (yenRoumlS 13divide32) bcedillW NGGbdquo

WS_frac12 ldquokxBAcirc kmNfS QCcedilS bStqRrdquo ycedillWN NGGR mAcircgR nbrbTYacuteYacute yAumlS kAumlN

QCcediluacuteN bpermilXAtildecW WS_ xbAcirc wLDN XNcopyfrac12 mNfS QCcedilSN XNd tmlkt$ xNAumlCM

gz xLt-qsM (ecircRAtildeT |permil 7divide55-56)YacuteYacute

LK XNdzh hlfrac12 YHN _Atildeqamp ycedil-Yq$ satildeC XnzH mF QCcediluacuteecircE MNAEligAEligT

btBpermilbdquobT mLkfrac12 xBAcirc wLD t-QsW mNfS QCcedilS AtildeLt-qsAEligcWN KFlOumlC

byenuacuteyTfrac12 mNfS QCcedilS Atildelm-qs AtildelmntildebdquoN ycedilAtildemlKT nW lcedilL TNnotn

AtildeqRAEliglYacuteYacute

QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT bmNfS QCcedilS qAumlyenY mparanT XNd tUacuteucirc mF QCcedilS

AtildeSrAumlL (1rsquo_eacuteS 1divide21)YacuteYacute XNAumlhM y|sects xmicrosectT xNCcedil ylsectWN KBR XNdcedilšAcirc

mNfS QCcedilSM yxBNAcirc ywLDN KBR XNdcedilfLG mF QCcedilS bGL AtildeStMpermilLfrac12

ldquoyXWnT mNfS bmEgrave gz wd XWnT hl YmpermilCldquoLYacuteYacute XRs kpermils xYAcircgRMiquest


24

ycedilsyenWN BOgrave YAcircgpermilLiquest XNAumlhM wd ethT SlcedilccedilnW YnGpermilCldquoLiquest yXn kccedilnW

wSigrave XNDnotWq$ byenDrG AtildekBrfrac34Lrdquo (timesNS 16divide13-14)YacuteYacute kXnzH hlT mrnotecircE

n_iumlC yMNyenrW qcurrenM ngRfrac12 mF QCcedilS bmNfS QCcedilS mparanT ytUacutef mF

kccediln XNAumlhM ymNfS QCcedilS xBAcirc wLDN yenKbR XNcopy permilsN kF yenDrG sectyenW

microLccedilnfrac12 bmNfS QCcedilS qAumlyenY -NuacutegtnT ytUacuteucircT QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT xBAcirc wLDN

yenKbR qAumlyenY sectyencW bccedilN lAtildeSdNqN xYgAEligMYacuteYacute ksectY bt sbN aeligegraveGpermilF

yyenNœtampN gcurrenAumlY LB YsectLYacuteYacute

microLt-qs ylM ycedillWN yNtildeGT xmicroyumlDfrac12 y|n xmKNdagger MhpermilNfrac12 ldquoargument

from silencerdquo68 byenlT ycedil-bdquoT ST NtildeGT nWYacuteYacute YH NtildeGTfrac12 ldquomntildebdquo microLt-qs

ylM yenlT nWrdquo bcedillW Jn ytlkf nWYacuteYacute [êthW wYM tAcircUparaW Y-qS ytAEliglWN

xmicroL wYM RXs gcurrenAumlY Atildelm_qs Bz xyenpermil+ MKNAtildeegraveC lqRblT YgCsectL

[lMuacutel (1) [êthW kcedilFbT sectyen xNUacuteR m_qS ycedilfLgWN BOgrave m_qs AtildeL-

qsW ngR hl ylM yenlT wdcedillW DMAumlraquo myumlD StT nWYacuteYacute (2) [êthWM ccediln

tAcircUparaW xNDN ngR ycedilnGbdquoN bgcurrenAumldagger sectY microsectcW mrAumlT xNUacuteR BOgrave mccedilnN

mzNUT ylBNMYacuteYacute (3) [êthW wYM tAcircUparaW gcurrenAumldaggerN qAumlyenY tdpermilSAtilden wYM

yNGGbdquo xDyenocircC -NQqW AtildeWq$notL SlzHM gcurrenAumldaggerN m_qs xSfsectg xYdlM

BlOuml xSiuml lccedilN YCsectL]YacuteYacute gcurrenAumldagger Atildelm-qs bRmicronot xyenpermil+ uacuteiumlC bcedilqRblT

hnnot ldquoAtildelm-qs AtildelmntildebdquoN ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWrdquo yenlT StT nWYacuteYacute

YH Ynt$ yNtildeGT xmicroyumlD QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFTNM ccedilnfrac12 ngr mldivideTN bMAcirc-

AcircAEligcW gzAtildeT xBZtW ycedilAtildeU_Ntilde CGeacuteC AcirccWYacuteYacute ecircRAtildeW OcircWlOumlS DNGL

Slminuacute xNAumlCM gz xLtAcircgrMiquest YH yenlT DNGL minuacuteN xAtildeMNM nbR wYM

xAtildeWQM nbR yenlT xYdlMYacuteYacute timesNS wNgL 201 mGdsectecircET yenRAtildeM wd mrdquoBbdquo

SFpermil XNdyumldC sgLfrac12 yenRoumlS 161 dGaumlfrac12 ldquomGdsectecircET yenRAtildeMfrac12 yAtildeoumlB XAcircT

yenRAtildeMAcirc slOumlraquordquo xBrW XNd yumlCcedil gLUcircxLYacuteYacute yentampatildeS 281 dGaumlfrac12 ldquomGdsectecircET

yenRAtildeMAcirc hltfrac34lsquot$ yenRAtildeMrdquo wd mrdquoBR XNd yumlCcedil gLUcircxLYacuteYacute timesNS AtildeLngrNN

gcurrenAumlY yenRoumlSAcirc (yAtildeoumlB XAcircT yenRAtildeMAcirc slOumlraquo) yentampatildeS (hltfrac34lsquot$ yenRAtildeM)

mNgpermilcW KFlOumlc$ tdUUeth mccedilAcirccWN ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute timesNS mGdsectecircET yenRAtildeMN

BOgrave m_qsfrac12 llOumlc$ satildeC ylM yenlt$ xYdlMYacuteYacute timesNS bmLXKt$ WS_ AtildeLNgrNN

ngR llOumlc$ ywNgL [êthatildeC bZRZR nGrWAcircLiquest ngR GN llOumlc$ ywNgL [êthatildeC

yngbdquoNN ngR timesNS AtildelmAcircgbdquo gcurrenAumldaggerN xAtildeWqWM wYM gcurrenAumldagger ylM yenlT

xYdlM69YacuteYacute xysS KRSegraveS bnbrbT zmN ynbrW Sm _bdquo xYhAumlecircE ynotparaK [êth

68 argumentum ex silentio 69 kQRB rsaquomnotT wAumlH xNAumlN satildeC mF QCcedilS XRS bRs YrdquorAcircL lcedillW NtildeGnotcW YH

Ynt$N yNtildeGT xmicroyumlD s-qNtilde YnotAtildeLYacuteYacute mF QCcedilS XRS bRs YrdquorAcircLN bcedillW RXs gcurrenAumlY sectY seth yenBpermilparaAtilde kflg bQRbfrac12 yzH F [êth kwNDM xyenr mSFN URfrac12 mF QCcedilS XRS bRs

YrdquorAcircLN bcedilL RXS AtildezUdegTN mF YmlknotLYacuteYacute


25

timessF wLd divideRtimesN (Josephus) baeligc$ WS_ hl xNDM gz XNmicro AcircZEcircTN xL-

qsMYacuteYacute YH yenlT AcircZEcircT XRs bnbrbT zmN xLnbrCM yenlT xYdlMYacuteYacute

bRmicronot yAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT xBAcirc wLDN y-qsTN AtildeHLfrac12 mNfS QCcedilSN -

QsW AtildelmgszlignotcW XNtildeN nWYacuteYacute YH yenlT GN mNfS QCcedilS ycedilAEligL xmicroL ylM

yenlT xYdlMYacuteYacute ecircRAtildeW OcircWlOumlS bssectMnotW WS_ mNfS QCcedilSN AEligY-QSM

ecircRAtildeW rsquo_eacuteS bssectMnotW WS_ mNfS QCcedilSN kxBAcirc kwLD UR xAtildeYoslash -

QicircxLfrac12 ldquoXGzxBR xB xSqDauml microwrdquocWfrac12 xysS KRSegraveSN lmnotzZ bdNtilde

ltrŒTAcirc bmNfS xyenmicroYnT ltqdsT [UAcirc ssectM YBsup2sectChrdquo (1rsquo_eacuteS 1divide2)YacuteYacute YH

OcircWlOumlS bssectMnot WS_ AtildeL-qsWN ngR rsquo_eacuteS -Qicirc mgszligt$ OcircWlOumlS Atildel-_qs lsect

TNnotn ycedilqRBlT XNcopyfrac12 AtildelmntildebdquoN ycedilAtildeuacuteY nW BlOuml DMAumlraquo mS-T StT

nWYacuteYacute lMN xLt-qsM lcedillW _Atildeqamp mF QCcedilS GL yccediln mLS SsectLs-N

mLS AcirccW yMNsectcW hl kGMT ycedilAtildeLucirc xYccedilNMYacuteYacute

xNAumlND MhpermilN mNfS QCcedilS lMN xLt-qsM lcedillW gcurrenAumlYfrac12 ldquoyxBAcirc

wLDN ssectMnot bxyenszlig LB WS_ ycedilAtildefsW mNfS QCcedilS Slccediln XNAumlhM xyenregC

bWSEgravecW bcedilpermilW |permil mNfS QCcedilSN SlcedilAtildeWq$T nWrdquo ycedilL xStAtildeyT

xsectcWYacuteYacute xNAumlNigraveC dGauml OcircWlOumlS bssectMnotW WS_ xBAcirc wLDN BOgrave m_qsfrac12

ecircRAtildeW bmLXKegravec$ WS_ lAtildeNsup1permilgtpermilcW ycedilgb uacuteiumlCN lyenStsectlF xBAcirc

wLDN BOgrave m_qs bqE Slccediln nW YsectlYacuteYacute XnzH xStAtildeyegraveC MN AtildeHL x_Ub AcirccW

ycedillW gcurrenAumlY ksW sW ycedillAtildeY bccedilNMfrac12 bXRG-nT yMNrAumlW gcurrenAumlYfrac12 ldquoAtildelm-

qS AtildelmntildeRN ycedilAtildemlKT XNAumlLccedilnrdquo nWYacuteYacute YH dGauml yOcircWlOumlS ssectMnot ymNfS

QCcedilSN AtildelmntildeR ycedilAtildeStMR xYdlMYacuteYacute

ldquoxysS Sl XGzxBR xBAcirc Slpermils AEligStyenrAEligcW iumlnotatildeC hlfrac12 Sl mNfS

QCcedilS yenStyenR nbrbTrdquo ycedilL xStAtildeyT SsectsectcWfrac12 xNAEligBAtildeN hlT gcurrenAumltimesCN LB

XNAumll AtildeSfLULmdash

(1) xysS KRSegraveS dq msup2NtildeRT Sl mNfS QCcedilS bGL mrAumlT ycedilClT bbrsaquol

^Muacute qN wd YwnotcW m_egrave bWSEgravecW mntildeR bcediljMRbT gz nW ycedilL

xStuacutesB XNd nbrW kwNgsectt$ TMHRT mrAumlT YOgravesectLYacuteYacute xysS Sl mNfS QCcedilS

bSIacuteT AtildetAcircgrW notLaelig bcedils_bT llT nW (timesNS 14-16)YacuteYacute bzh WD xysS

kdq msup2NtildeRT XRs ycedillWN ngR hl bGL mrAumlT ycedilClTfrac12 mNfS QCcedilS

m_egrave xBeacutexcW mntildeR sjMR XNd ccediln gLUcircxL (timesNS 14divide25-26iquest 16divide13-14)YacuteYacute YH

gcurrenAumlY Sl mNfS QCcedilS mrAumlT ycedilOgravelW XRs smEgraveAcirc yenNnt$N lecircRAtildet$ GL_L_

xDRmacr snGpermilcW BOgrave XNd ccediln ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute xysS KRSegraveSfrac12 ldquowLDN

ycedilAtildeWqW xB BOgrave nWrdquo (yentampatildeS 11divide27) lMN xl ycedillWM gcurrenAumlY mnotyT AtildelbT

kzh xNUacuteR nWYacuteYacute dq msup2NtildeRT xysS YHN kmAcircgbdquo bethT mNfS QCcedilSN yyenAtildeWq$


26

kccedilnfrac12 ldquowLDN ycedilAtildeWq$T xBAcirc mNfS QCcedilS AcirccWrdquo ycedilL NGGR bzH WD WS_

lAtildeSgAElig YCsectLN LK XNdzh hlfrac12 ldquoSlzAtildeC qN wYM SlzAtildeC srsaquoT kxB bqRfrac12

ysyenY msectXKTM ccedilnfrac12 wLDM bccedilNfrac12 MNM xAtildeWQMrdquo (yenRoumlS 13divide32) bcedillW iumlnot

mNfS QCcedilSN bAtildemicroTT ntildeeacute xDyenŒN kyendAcircgR WAgrave NGGbdquo bxDyenocircc$ zND

xNAumlCM XRAEligAcirc lntilderW xYCLMYacuteYacute

(2) ldquongR GN SlzAtildeC qN wYM SlzAtildeC srsaquoT kxB bqRfrac12 ysyenY msectXKTM ccedilnfrac12

wLDM bccedilNfrac12 MNM xAtildeWQMrdquo (yenRoumlS 13divide32) bcedillW MNAEligB WS_ mNfS QCcedilSN

m_qS xSfsectg xYdlMYacuteYacute ngbdquoN GL ycedilAtildedRgW kccediln xND Muacutel sectQRBYacuteYacute yxND

DRJT xStAumlAumlpara yccediln sW lDRJt$ MKTL xStAumlAumlparafrac12 ldquobethnotCN AEliglT uacuteMNnotT

|permiluumlN lmLqQ wSfrac34lhiquest YHN MS-R yenNM sW xAtildeWQMiquest xNtM lyenNM

XNAumlTAcircgRrdquo blfrac12 ldquoYHN M|-R yenNM sW xAtildeWQMrdquo ycedillW xnUgpermilcW ym|paraAtilde

bt$N permiltregC BOgrave notuacuteb Atildedrg XNcopyfrac12 yGlsbN cedilST XNAumlhM btsB Sl gcurrenAumldagger

xNAumlCM WqT ysectcWM yenlT sectYccedilN YCsectLYacuteYacute mSyenT microlAEligcW satildeC WS_

AtildeLsNtildeTN satildeC XNcopy mSyent microlAEligcW satildeC maacuteL ysNtildeTN satildeC ycedilAtildekTT

xYdlMYacuteYacute Glsb ldquoAEliglbtampfrac12 LEumlAcircfrac12 bxraquoparamicro xgR AtildelW notsectQ wNDraquo bStqRrdquo wzt

yenlT xAtildeSfLUcWMYacuteYacute MKNAtildet$M XnzH satildeC ym|paraAtilde bt$ permiltregC SsectLccediln

ym|paraAtilde bt$ WD lccediln xYClMYacuteYacute LK XNdzh hl byentampatildeS 11divide27 XAcirc byenRoumlS

13divide32 sectY Sl mNfS QCcedilS m_qS xNAumlCM -qraquonot ylWMYacuteYacute

ldquobpermilXY XGzxBRN ytmlkt$ satildeCfrac12 xysSNAcirc xBN XNcopy mNfS QCcedilSN

xLtmlkt$Miquest YHM mNfS QCcedilS kxBAcirc kwLD ytly xmicroL XNAumlLccediln ycedilAtildemlKT

nWrdquo ycedillW uacuteB ksectY XNd tmlkTnWfrac12 ldquoSsectLt-qs ylMrdquo ycedillWN ST

yNtildeGT xmicroyumlD ytktl nWYacuteYacute timesNS bpermilXdagger mjmparaAtilde ytmlktW xysS KRSegraveSN

BOgrave XNd ccediln t-QicircxL (permilXY 1divide13-18)YacuteYacute y|sects trdquoecirccedilatildeC mNfS QCcedilS SsectLt-

qs ylM ycedill kccedilnfrac12 xBM xLt-qsMAcirc ylM yenlT nWN mucirc xbqlMsuacuteecircE

XNd mccediln m-N tXMRnotecircE glUacuteatildeC YbzbnotLiquest bzH mF xysS KRSegraveS XNd

bG tmSlOuml Atildenoty sccedilN (permilXY 5divide6)frac12 xB dGauml bzIacuten sectY ytqm- ccedilntilde qRAEligL

(permilXY 4divide2910 wzt)YacuteYacute LK XNdzh hl mNfS QCcedilS bTXMRnotecircE glUacutefrac12 ldquobzIacutenM

ethT microlT ksAEligt$ mAcircFSTrdquo (permilXY 1divide4) XNAumlhM ldquosAEligt$ yXGzxBR mAcircFSTrdquo

(permilXY 3divide1iquest 4divide5iquest 5divide6) tBlOuml qRAEligLYacuteYacute ldquosAEligT yenAcircFSTrdquo ycedillWN rG rdquoL brdquoL

bmtRgOumlM sAEligT mAcircFT xl yenlT StT XNd ccedilnW hlfrac12 xysSNM rdquoL brdquoL

xpermilT XGR AtildelW bG ycedilAEliglW XNSuacute nW yenlT StT nWYacuteYacute bQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT

sAEligT qcurren_R FMAcircNAcirc NtildelnTN ycedilAtildemlKT XNd ccediln LB YsectLYacuteYacute YHM ymNfS

LLAcirc ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute xysS bbG mmsl lsW LiacuteC ^-xT ykflWN yTk aumlT

ycedilAtildemlKT nWYacuteYacute ldquomicroLt-qs ylMrdquo ycedillWN ST y|n xmKNtimes xmicroyumlD microSwgDNfrac12

QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT Sl mNfS QCcedilS ycedilAtildeStMbdquoN XJG bRmicronot TMHRegraveC xlYacuteYacute


27

፰ ldquoy|sects xStMHeacute lDnT wuacute gAumlY bccedilN ntildeeacutefrac12 mF QCcedilS

bGL AtildeBpermilpermilW nbR rdquo

ldquoy|sects xStMHeacute yDnT QDm hnnot kccedilnfrac12 mF QCcedilS xStMHeacuteWN

GL bccedilnAcirc byenAtildešyen mNgD AtildeqRbW nbRrdquo ycedillWN _Atildeqamp ycedil-Yq$ satildeC

xStMHeacuteW GL ycedilccedilnW bMN mLk sqRB nW tBlW s-yq$frac12 xBsup2regc$

ycedilAtildeqRAEligcW xyenpermilocircC maacuteL ycedilktlT YgszligbnotLfrac12 ldquoXGzxBR |sects nWrdquofrac12

ldquobXGzxBR bAEligRY xNDfrac12 bxmicroL dGauml ƒST nWrdquofrac12 ldquoxB xMsectK XNd ccediln hl

wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilSM xMsectK AcirccWrdquoYacuteYacute bzH mLK byenAtildešyen mLk SsectLqrb

TMHRt |sects mF QCcediluacuteecircE xStMHeacute nW yenlT xYOgraveLM AEligtimesC AcirccWYacuteYacute

bmrt$ DnT bngr mldivideT TMHRT bMAcircgszligW W-T ycedilwsN gcurrenAumlY

xYdlMYacuteYacute brvbarMuacute kmegrave Atildegszlig satildeC z-Acirc kmegrave microgszlig satildeC YLQ DnnotcW xdU sectY

nWiquest wYM sectuacute kmegrave Atildegszlig satildeC DnT xsectgszligM yenlT bF[M xYOgraveLMYacuteYacute

bXGzxBR zND tqAEligYnT lyenGszligT yngr mldivideT ftAcirc mWsDfrac12 bzAtildeM yyenlethAtilde

n_B yenGszligT QDm hnnot xYdlMYacuteYacute yenAumlN yXGzxBR DRšfrac12 ycedilAtildeDNM XMnT

kXGzxBR zND BOgrave ycedilg nW (eacuteraquo 3divide21-26iquest xOslashicircN 2divide8-10iquest tEegrave 3divide5-8)YacuteYacute YH

XNAumll ccedilntildefrac12 ycedilAtildeDN XMnT zwTR Rt$ xStMHeacuteN ytktl nWYacuteYacute bKRSTAcirc yDnT

xStMHeacute WS_frac12 bxysS KRSegraveS yDnT |permil yyenAtildeMn satildeC DnT yenGszligT

xYClM ycedillW TMHRTfrac12 DnT TKKLfrac34 xStMHeacuteN bQDm hnnot WS_ Atildemicrott

gcurrenAumlY Slccediln nWYacuteYacute bx-rdquosectY bYT bcedilAEligl KRStEAtildeAcircecircE xStMHeacuteatildeC sectY ytuacuteuacutet

xIgraveM AtildesectcW satildeC kDnT XNdcedilgOumlDl rdquol XGzBR bGL AtildeStMpermilL (eacuteraquo

16divide17-18)YacuteYacute XNAumlhM bdqErdquoNfrac14bNuacuteN KRStEAtildeAcircecircE TMHRegraveC sectY ytuacuteuacutet MLknot

AtildesectcW satildeC ybsl yKRStEAtildeAcircecircE YwT lntildebdquo xYClM (ecircRAtildeT |permil 18divide25-26)YacuteYacute

mF QCcedilSN mrT AEligdrg mLkfrac12 KRStEAtildentildeC Sl TMHRt |sects yenwQ

AtildelAEligcW mrt XMnT yt$ nW mF QCcedilS ldquo|sectsrdquofrac12 ldquoƒST xmicrosectT xND

xMsectKrdquofrac12 wzt ycedillTN rdquosectT xY-qMMYacuteYacute XnzH yngr mldivideT rdquosectT XNcopyfrac12

ymF QCcedilS rdquosectT xYdlMYacuteYacute xND sW XnzHN rdquosectT m-qM xLfLGM microl

Atildelm-qM Ntildel mBT xlWYacuteYacute ngr mldividenotWAtildeN XnzHN rdquosectT yqmbdquoT

xStMHeacuteWN bGL lyenBpermilpermilT BOgrave nWYacuteYacute SlzH XnzHN rdquosectT AtildelmqbL YOgravesectLiquest

ngR GN XnzH rdquosectT ywklTN ns uacuteB Kigrave yXGzxBR wgN n yenlT

xYOgraveLMYacuteYacute ydq mZNtildeR YwTM permilSN l|sects yenlTM lxBfrac12 lwLDAcirc lmNfS

QCcedilS byenSgsup2T ycediljMR YwT nWAcirc (yentampatildeS 28divide19)YacuteYacute xND sW xysS KRSegraveS

xMsectK xYdlM ycedilL XMnT microlWfrac12 kKRSegraveS UR TKKLfrac34 GNszlignT yenDrG

xYClMYacuteYacute lzHM nW xysS KRSegraveSfrac12 ldquoXn XRs n SsectCh Xn XRs XNd ccedilNh

microsectmAcircChfrac12 b^-xnotCh TaumlnotsectChrdquo (timesNS 8divide24) AtildelWYacuteYacute YH KFL yxysS


28

KRSegraveSN yenNnT yenwQ yDnT QDm hnnot XNd ccediln ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute XNd KRSTAcirc

xStMHeacute DnT ycedilAtildegszlig KRStEAtildentildeC xB xMsectKfrac12 wLD xMsectK XNAumlhM mNfS

QCcedilS xMsectK XNd ccediln yenmN YntildeRAEligcecircLYacuteYacute YHN QDm hnnot ycedilAtildeagravel KRStEAtildentildeC

xB xMsectK nWfrac12 wLD xMsectK nWfrac12 mNfS QCcedilS xMsectK nW ycedillW TMHRT

bƒST xyenLKT yenmN XNAumlLccediln wYM xNCcedil xMsectK permilsN bƒST gfrac14mLK ygl[

xMsectK XNAumlLccediln bAtildeWq$Mfrac12 mF QCcedilSNAcirc ybt KRStEAtildeNN notparaK byenEgraveqS

xStMHeacuteWN yyenBpermilpermilT QM sectYntildepermilcW YCsectLYacuteYacute XnzH KRStEAtildentildeCfrac12 xStMHeacuteWN

lxXMeacute Gb bccediln mLk xsectBpermilbdquoM yenlTfrac12 xStMHeacuteWN xAtildeMnM yenlT

xYdlMYacuteYacute mF QCcedilS Sl xBfrac12 Sl wLDAcirc Sl mnfS QCcedilS ycedilAtildeStMrWN

TMHRT bTKKL ytrCcedil satildeCfrac12 xStMHeacuteWN lxXMeacute Gb bccediln mLk lyenBpermilpermilT

ybt KRStEAtildeN notparaKNAcirc btwsn drcopy y|n xmKNtimesN xmicroyumlD yenwQ YntildeRAEligcecircLYacuteYacute

btlY bbt KRStEAtildeN notparaK YHN xStMHeacute lyenBpermilpermilT ybt KRStEAtildeN xAEligegraveC

AtildedrgTN _rT yenwQfrac12 kXnzH xAEligegraveC maacuteL xStMHeacuteWN _bdquo bccediln mLk

AtildeBpermilbdquoTN satildeC xmicroyumlD bTKKL yenwQfrac12 xStMHeacuteWN bTKKL lmrAumlTM ccediln

lyenSrAumlT TLQ gsup2 AtildedRULYacuteYacute

xBsup2regc$ MAcircLAEligTM hlM mAcircFrdquoecircE TMHRegraveC bxStMHeacutet |sects sectY ytsup2AElig

xtAtildeY xsectcWYacuteYacute lzHM nW yngr mldivideT MhpermilNfrac12 ldquoTMHRt |sects bmAcircFrdquoNAcirc

bKRSegraveS bt KRStEAtildeN mmicrokL youmlm ymlAtilde sNdQ nWrdquo ycedillTYacuteYacute bx-rdquosectY XNd

|sects Atildel bYT KRStEAtildeAcircecircE xStMHeacuteatildeCN mmicroDfrac12 yzsectlM DL fNnotCNN lwSN

xLAtildeM KRStEAtildeAcircecircE BSlnotCNN Kucircfrac34 lAtilde=AcircGF YCsectLYacuteYacute

TMHRt |sectsN lyenAtildeMn ymnotzbAtilde _AtildeqampatildeC xNmicroR xNmicroR AcirccW AEligLldquocW _AtildeqampatildeC sectY YHN AtildeHL microLhfrac12 TMHRt

|sectsN xsectMNMfrac12 bxNUacutebdquo GN bBlYAcirc bAumlS kAumlN QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT xMAcirclh

ycedill satildeC ycedilktlWN MKR mMkR XwAumllhYacuteYacute

1 yxStMHeacutet |sects mregraveC AcirccW bcedilAEliglT n_iumlCN ycedilrdquorn mF

QCcediluacuteecircE NtildeGegraveC AtildeQRb

TMHRt |sects ytecircqrW bcedilktlT xMST mrnotWAtildeN n_iumlC sectY nWmdash

፩ XGzxBR xND nWYacuteYacute

፪ xB F[M xMsectK nWYacuteYacute

፫ wLD F[M xMsectK nWYacuteYacute

፬ mNfS QCcedilS F[M xMsectK nWYacuteYacute

፭ xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT AcirccWYacuteYacute


29

TMHRt |sects ytuacuteuacutet xStMHeacute nW ycedilL xIgraveM AtildesectcW satildeCfrac12 kXnzH

xMT mrnotWAtildeN n_iumlC maacuteL bAtildeNS xNCcedil ytuacuteuacutet mccedilnNfrac12 rdquol XGzxBRN

mrT Atildedrg xuacuteyen yNtildeGT n_B yenQrB YntildeRAEligcecircLYacuteYacute XNAumlhM StT nW

ycedillW xIgraveyencWfrac12 y|sects xyenNAtildeN kmF QCcedilS ycedilAtildeqRAEligcW yenSrcopyatildeC UR

XNAacuteT YnUacute[permilL ycedillWNM gAumlYfrac12 mLS XNAumls-bT Y-brdquoLYacuteYacute

2 GL yccediln xyenpermil+ AtildeQRb

ldquoTMHRt |sectsN xLqbLMrdquo wYM ldquoTMHRt |sects satildeC lrCcedilT

yyenYClT SWR TMHRT nWrdquo yenlT BOgrave bpermils bqE xYdlMYacuteYacute ngR GN TMHRt

|sectsN yenmN kllBNfrac12 yenmN AtildelBN yTfrac34WN TMHRT XNd ccediln bGL lngrN

YgAEligLYacuteYacute y|sects xyenNAtildeN yTMHRT y|sects xStMHeacute mregraveC AcirccW yMNsectcWN

ksectY AtildeyAcirccWN SDST n_iumlC StT mccedilAcirccWN ycedilAtildeuacuteY mccedilN xlbTYacuteYacute

3 notparamicroecircE yenSrcopy AtildeQRb

TMHRt |sectsN bmUacuterR mrt XMntamp hfrac12 lfrac12 frac12 mfrac12 nW yenlT BOgrave bqE

xYccedilNMYacuteYacute ngr GN ynotparaK yenSrcopyM yenQrB AtildeSfLULYacuteYacute MKNAtildet$M KRSTAcirc KRSegraveS

xysSN ycedilAtildeMN yen~brsB XNd mccediln m-Nfrac12 KRSTAcirc ktsup3rsup3rbT gz xN|egrave

XSk sup2Ecircatilde qN DrS YHN mrt XMnT =Botilde hlT sup1H rsaquomnotT yntilder

brvbarYyenntildeTM nWYacuteYacute lzHM nW xysS KRSegraveSfrac12 ldquoXSk rsaquolM FUacuteraquo DrS kXAcircNt UR

XccedilAcirclhrdquo (yentampatildeS 28divide19-20) ycedilL tSIacute ldq msup2NtildeRt$ ys-WYacuteYacute YH XWnT kccediln

bt KRStEAtildeN lhlT sup1H rsaquomnotT SnotMnWAcirc SnotuacuteMnW youmlyCW mrt XMnTfrac12

|sectsAtildeecircE nW wYS XRicirc TKKL nW ycedillT ybrvbarYyenntildeT DRJT ycedilAtildeStMrW

TMHRT nW lmLicirc _Ub yccediln notparamicroecircE yenSrcopy lyenQrBatilde XRG-frac34 Yhn (yzH

F [êthfrac12 TMHRt |sects bt KRStEAtildeN ktmrtCbT gz xN|egrave XSk sup2Ecirc

DrS SnotMnWAcirc SnotuacuteMnW youmlyCW mrt XMnT TMHRt |sects lmccediln seth

ynotparaK yenSrcopy xQRAEligLYacuteYacute XRSatildeM YHN msL yenSrcopy yyenQrBAcirc yqrbTN ynotparaK

yenSrcopyatildeC yyenStAEligbL QM lntildeeacuteT YgAEligLYacuteYacute

4 b|sects TMHRT WS_ xl ycedillT StT bXRicirc xyenpermil+ xStMHeacute WS_

XNdll XRG-frac34 Yhn

lMuacutel XRicirc TMHRt |sects bxpermiltfrac34W megrave KFl zmN sectY xryenecircE tXntilde

AEligsectcW satildeC yt-nss XMnT nW ycedill kccedilnfrac12 bt KRStEAtildeN kxpermiltfrac34W megrave KFl

zmN bethT MN notMN XNd nbR notparamicroN byenEgraveqS yenSrcopyatildeN AtildeQRbYacuteYacute


30

wYM dGauml bTMHRt |sects WS_ mF QCcediluacuteecircE AtildeLccediln rdquosectT Ygfrac34l BlW

ycedilAtildeMn kccedilnfrac12 XRicirc ycedilAtildeqRbT wYM ycedilAtildeMnbT XMnT xStMHeacuteWN

lyenBpermilpermilT kmF QCcedilS WAgrave xNAumlCM rdquosectT Atildelm-qNtildeN XRG-frac34 YhnYacuteYacute

lMuacutel yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCAcirc yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN satildeC kmF QCcedilS WAgrave yccediln

yngr mldivideT rdquosectTN Y-qyenlYacuteYacute bxNUacutebdquo GN y|sects xyenNAtildeN kmF QCcedilS

AtildeLtgszlig rdquosectTN Y-qyenl sl YtOgravelYacuteYacute

TMHRt |sects yxryenWAtildeN brvbarYyenntildeegraveC wYM mF QCcediluacuteecircE AtildeLccediln FLSFAcirc

slAElig nW ycedill kccedilnfrac12 TMHRt |sects kyTfrac34W xryenecircE brvbarYyenntildeT wYM xmF

QCcediluacuteecircE FLSFAcirc TMHRt$N XNd qAuml AtildeuacutedaggerYacuteYacute XNAumlhM yXRicirc mrt XMnT kzH

gcurrenAumlY Ntildel lNtildel nUacute mccedilnN mrUgAring AtildeQRbYacuteYacute

MAcircLAEligT dGauml TMHRt |sects satildeC lrCcedilT yyenYClT wYM lrCcedilT kAEligD

yccediln xStMHeacute nW ycedill kccedilnfrac12 yXRicirc xStMHeacute XRS bRs AtildeLtMnotnotfrac12 ldquoM|-R

nWrdquo ycedilAEligLbT xNAumlCM ngR XNdllWfrac12 XNAumlhM l|n xmKNdagger GUT ytgsup2

mccedilnN yenSrcopy AtildeQRbYacuteYacute bzH xNUacuteR xND xSrJ sectQRBYacuteYacute yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC bQDm

TSgT Ywt$ xysS lq msectXK cedilmicroxL nW ycedilL XMnT xsectcWYacuteYacute bxNUacutebdquo sW

ccedilntilde wdzH MDR smEgrave sW BOgrave nbR YsectlYacuteYacute cedilmicroxL sW sccedilN cedilmicroxL yT yumlD

ycedillWN _Atildeqamp ycedilmLsT MS-R nW bcedilL nWYacuteYacute xysS xMsectKN byengLglS

cedilmicroxL xmecirctEnTN tsup1LagraveL YsectlYacuteYacute xysS blIacuteW LIacuteT mLxK msup1lNtilde xGAEligB

nW ycedillWNM _Atildeqamp ycedilmLsT MS-R nW byenlT nWYacuteYacute

5 yXRicirc mrt XMnT btwsn ymF QCcedilS MNAEligAEligT sectY BOgrave ytN-l-

l uacuteYccedilNfrac12 hlNM yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT yenkL Atildedrg xStMHeacute mccedilnN

Atildeuacutedagger

x_AEligqEAtildeNM ccediln lzBtfrac34 xIgraveM AtildesectcW yngr mldivideT lrdquoWNT maacuteL

xBsup2regc$ MhpermilN ycedilqblTN yQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT yxfnotT _bB mrT byenDrGfrac12

kxStMHeacutet |sects YLQ yXRicirc xIgraveM bbRmicronot ymF QCcedilS KFlOumlC ytdgf

lmccediln yenSrcopy AtildeQRbYacuteYacute TKKlfrac34WN y|n xfnotT G AEligLtktl mLk bEgraveT

bcedilsup3-bdquo MNAEligAEligT sectY BOgrave bmoumlMfrac12 ldquoXNb lbrvbarYyenntildetamprdquo yenlT BOgrave bqE xYdlMYacuteYacute

y|sects xyenNAtildeN lxStMHeacuteW yenSrcopynT kcedilAtildeqRbT yenSrcopy YLQfrac12 bRmicronot yenSrcopy

lyenQrBatilde XRG-frac34 YhnYacuteYacute xNDAcirc hlT MNAEligAEligTN BOgrave Yoslash mrt XMntamp XNAumlHAcirc

XNAumlAtilde nW yenlT qsectL lccedilN YCsectLfrac12 ngR GN YH TKKLfrac34 nW ycedillT xIgraveM

bbRmicronot ymF QCcedilS KFlOumlC mdgucircNAcirc mF QCcedilS x-rdquosectY xStMHeacute UR

AtildelmU=t$N XRG-frac34 mccedilN ecircnfrac34 gcurrenAumlY nWYacuteYacute

ycedilAtildeqRbT yenSrcopy tqAEligYnT YntilderW zNDfrac12 yTfrac34WM ybrvbarYyenntildeT KFL

lqblW ycedilCL yBpermilYS_Acirc yGparaK secircSW Gfrac12 ynotparaK _AcircTfrac12 y|n xfnotT Gfrac12


31

ybt KRStEAtildeN notparaK mUacuteFTN bMN+nT m-qaumlN LB YblYacuteYacute YH gcurrenAumlY

_rTatildeN tumlyenn DmicroaumlNM FEcircAtildeyen AtildedRgecircLYacuteYacute mLmicroM DL XmLatildenotlh

bWYYnotCN sectY xlnotecircE _sect ycedilAtilde-lTN ecircnfrac34 n_iumlC YHN AtildeHL kmrmRNAcirc

x_Ub Msectgt ks-Nfrac12 TMHRt |sectsN bSIacuteT ymmRmR dLAumlsect raquoAuml XNAumlbjN

XNgMnotlNYacuteYacute XNGAumlAtildeW xhN bxysS KRSegraveS xMsectKnT XNAumlhM y|sects xmicrosectT

ytlAtildedagger mccedilAcirccWN yenSrcopy wd yenQrb XNZlQYacuteYacute

bQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT zgAElig

bRG_ xysS KRSegraveS yennW

rsaquolNtildeN hl sAtildeagraveGTfrac12 qAcirc Gpermil skFLfrac12 sAtildewsup2GB yntilder XSmicrohN DrS yenNM XNd XRs ylMYacuteYacute YW xwsup2UbnT Egrave KFl mccediln gAcirc kEgravet$ tnGeacutelnotLYacuteYacute lBzatildeC mnœTAcirc mWdQ MKNAtildeT XNd cedilccedilN yAcirct$N -T -begrave uacuteY=RS ttNBtimeslnotLYacuteYacute YH

sW yXLF mUacuteFT RXS nWYacuteYacute ylsect XLF Ntildezrdquo |permilatildec +B_ nWYacuteYacute SNtildeM xysS KRSegraveS YAEligsectL70YacuteYacute

bBz xkpermilmicropara gcurrenAumlY sectYfrac12 ldquoXn MNtAumluumlrdquo yenlT YOgravesectLYacuteYacute tagraveUOacuteC sthornthornh AumlR oumlauml =ecircnot yenDmQM YOgravesectLYacuteYacute Sl xysS

KRSegraveS yenNnTAcirc SlTMHRt$ GN glLtfrac34 mccedilN xYOgraveLMYacuteYacute wY wdzH wYM wdzAtilde mWdQ GD YntildeAcircL71YacuteYacute

sT xAtildeT yLJ LcopycW bwrqT sectY yMT+rWN bxTkcurreneacuteT Xytmlkt$frac12 ldquoyXn LJ MN XyœLgt nWrdquo sl Y-YIgravenotLYacuteYacute LJt$M oumlF-N Bsectfrac12 ldquoXGzxBRNrdquo

ldquoXGzxBRN XyœLh nWrdquo

ldquoXGzxBR mNfS nWiquest xNDM sW xYegraveT xAtildeWQMiquest XNAacuteT xNcE

XGzxBRN TSAtildelgtrdquo

ldquoyenNM xYegraveT XNdyenAtildeWQ ysNbT TMHRT bT xStyenparaAtildeCN nGpermilAcirclCYacuteYacute

XnM YW gcurrenAumlY Ssectuacutesb nW XGzxBRN yM|lWYacuteYacute xYoslashgt xAtildetampfrac12 kXn

|L bldquosect satildeC XGzxBRN AtildedaggernotLrdquoYacuteYacute

YHcE BsecttampAcirc kQN LbAcirc bmnœT bmrAumla m-N XGzxBRN bwrqT sectY

xSFpermilfrac12 satildeC yXGzxBRN g XNAumlAtildedagger mša KIacuteT sectYntilderW YCsectLYacuteYacute ngR GN

bRmicronot satildeC fEgraveparaAtildecWN XGzxBRNfrac12 ldquobmLmicrocW XNd MuacutelxcWrdquo f_rWnotLiquest

bmF-RM sectY AcirccWYacuteYacute ldquosatildeC ysWN LJ yenN XNd ccediln YlnotLrdquo ycedillWN xysS

KRSegraveSN _Atildeqampfrac12 ldquosatildeC ysWN LJ yenN XNAumlccedilNsectcW YfLUlrdquo wdcedilLfrac12

bAumlaumlKpermilSAtildeecircE mNgD lcedilbyN Zb Wuacuten xQRbWnotLYacuteYacute xNAumlND xSriacuteC

XNmLkTYacuteYacute

o bxWeacuteshyAcirc bsraquoN xraquoparamicro ycedilgszlig yXNSuacuteT mBT tagraveUOacuteCfrac12 xysS xTKLT

BOgrave ycedilbsect sW XNd nbR AtildeSrAumllYacuteYacute

o yxAumls zmN XNQSrdquos bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW ysT TMHRTfrac12 xysS bWS-

AtildelWN mldivideTnT fLmacr Atildegszlig xStecircY sW nW72 AEligY AcirccWYacuteYacute

70 tSIacuteuuml eacutebliquest yAuml vNcE divideD DRsn -bB wYS DRuacuten AEligLtampT ldquomQDMrdquo Ngœ bLOgraveYacuteYacute 71 Zn kyenhYacuteYacute


32

o XNSnotecircEnT (feminists) bmAEligL ycedilnotwqWN NQAcircqamp ycedilAtildepermilMCcedil satildeCfrac12 xysS

ytAEligT Ucircnot microlWfrac12 bxNUacutebdquo dGauml xMsectK kccedilnfrac12 ywNigraveCN ybsectYnT kF

SlcedilAtildedRG xysS xMsectK xLnbrM AEligtimesC AcirccWYacuteYacute

o NtildeSlaumlC xysS knbY yyenYbL_ kzAtildeM yyenAtildeNS sW nW ycedilL xIgraveM

xsectcWYacuteYacute

o ym-bqEAtilde GNB ymF QCcedilSAcirc yTpermilKT yen~bR bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW

brvbarYyenntildenotecircE DRJTAcirc yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC bmAEligL ycedil-bdquoT yDRJt$ tknottimesC

xysSfrac12 YDaggerecirc xMsectK mjmparaAtilde yf-rW fEgravepara sccedilNfrac12 xysS dGauml rsaquolyenTN

yf-rfrac12 ytf-r fEgravepara nW YsectlYacuteYacute YHNNM xStMHeacute b~Br qlyenT AEligsup1brq$

aeligOgravecW xyenmicroYnT bSIacuteT AtildepermilAringl73YacuteYacute

o yxTtimesugraveAtilde ecircRAtildeecircET bt KRStEAtildeN bmAEligL ycedil-permilW brvbarYyenntildenotecircE DRJT

mMHpermilN dGaumlfrac12 xysS xB AtildedrbT |U nW ycedilL XMnT xsectcW74YacuteYacute

o XJG AEligl[U XNd ccediln ycedilngRlTfrac12 ldquoyKRSegraveS bt KRStEAtildeN ym=ršW zmN

QCcediluacuteNrdquo (aumlRaumlN) bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW mAcircFrdquoecircE DRJTfrac12 XGzxBRM ccediln

xysS KRSegraveS XNdfrac34 sW ynbbdquoAcirc qS bqS |UAcirc _NT AtildesectcW qcurrenuacuteecircE

xyenLKT XNd ccediln AtildeSrAumlLYacuteYacute

o ywNgsectWAtildeN xBAtildet KRStEAtildeAcircTN =Meacute yaringRegraveigraveKSAcirc ymicroegravelK xBAtildet

KRStEAtildeAcircT xysS F[M xMsectK F[M sW ccedilntilde bxND xmicroL ytgl- yrsaquolM

mD^nT nW ycedilL n xIgraveM xsectcWYacuteYacute

XNGAumlAtildeW xysS KRSegraveS yennW

xysSM wd ethLOtildeS qEœRAtilde xgR bdrs gz dq msup2NtildeRt$Nmdash satildeC ysWN

LJ yenN XNd ccediln YlnotL BlOuml -yqYacuteYacute XnRsMmdash xNAumlNCcedil m_Mq$ timesNSfrac12

llOumlCM xLAtildeSfrac12 llOumlCM xRMAtildeS wYM knbAtildeT xNCcedil nW Ysectl xlTYacuteYacute XRsMmdash

XAcircNtS XnN yenN XNd ccedilnh TsectsectCh xsectcWYacuteYacute SMacircN rsquo_eacuteSM mLicircmdash xNt

KRSegraveS yAtildeW XGzxBR LJ nH xlYacuteYacute xysSM mLicirc XNAumlH xlW ytimesAcirc LJ

SMacircN ccedilYfrac12 bsyenAtildeT AtildelW xAEligtamp XNcopy |UAcirc dM YHN xLgl-LHMAcirc Bi nH (yentampatildeS 15divide13-17)YacuteYacute

xysS khlT sup1H rsaquomT bethTfrac12 ldquosatildeC ysWN LJ yenN XNd ccediln YlnotLrdquo

sL y-yqW _Atildeqampfrac12 XSk sup2Ecircecirc qN DrS tdUGauml Y-yrdquoLiquest Atilden ytlyy mLS

72 bQRb The Secrete bcedilL RXS bCD XAcirc bmF tzUJegravefrac12 yxAumls zmN XNQSrdquos xStMHeacute

bktyenlsquot$ WS_ Xytpermil= nWYacuteYacute bzH RXs gcurrenAumlY sectY seth yenBpermilparaAtilde kflg teumlm nUgtiquest XSK mEgrave DrS bcedilL XNAumlhM GRyenecircE bgtiquest yxAumls zmN XNQSrdquos bcedilL RXS AtildezUdegTN mUacuteFT YmlkaLYacuteYacute 73 SlzH brvbarYyenntildenotecircE DRJT seth yenBpermilparaAtilde kflg yzH F xQpermilbfrac12 yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCAcirc xStMHeacutexcW brdquol XGzxBR smzN bcedilL RXS AtildezUjWN mF YmlkaLYacuteYacute 74 SlzH brvbarYyenntildenotecircE DRJT seth yenBpermilparaAtilde kflg yzH F xQpermilbfrac12 sAEligLtimesuacuteWAtildeN XNAumlhM WbrvbarWAcirc

SNtilde bcedilL RXS AtildezUjWN tknotnotY mUacuteFT (Q 1 XAcirc 2) YmlkaLYacuteYacute


33

YqRBlT XNd nbr hl sup2EcircM ytlAtildey XNAumlAtildeWM xNCcedil klsectW UR XJG ycedilrdquorN

mLS YqRBlnotLYacuteYacute

_AtildeqampW YHN AtildeHL xScUpara XNAumlhM xwsup2Ub kccedilnfrac12 _AtildeqampWN ldquoyNtilde_rdquo yenlT

xSfsectg xYdlM ycedilL ymFT uacuteB lznzR YCsectLYacuteYacute _AtildeqampWN lxFnot XNmicrofrac12 Csect

yenlT yyenNCLbT bY MKNAtildeT (1) y^-xT |RyT yMAcircgszligW xysS AEligmicroyumldW

wiacutexecircE |permil BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 (2) YHN wiacutexecircE |permil lpermil ycedilClW yennW bcedillW

mrt n_B sectY AEliglN xIgraveM nWYacuteYacute lzHM nbR xysS KRSegraveSfrac12 ldquoXAcircNt knotC

AcircChiquest Xn kzH rsaquolM xYdlhMYacuteYacute b^-xnotCh XNdTaumlt$ nGEcircxCldquolhiquest Xn XRs n SsectCh Xn XRs XNd ccedilNh microsectmAcircChiquest b^-xnotCh TaumlnotsectChrdquo (timesNS 8divide23-

24) byenlT yXRs yyenNnT _Atildeqamp lmaumlTM ccediln yzsectlMN YwT lyenGszligT hnfrac34 ngR

XNd ccediln AtildeStyenrWYacuteYacute lzHM nW lzH mrnotecircE _Atildeqamp AtildelN mLS mrt

XMnnotCNNfrac12 xStMHeacutexCNNfrac12 [lOumlnotCNN XNAumlhM kllOumlC UR AtildelNN mStUBR

Ntildel lNtildel ycedilqYrWYacuteYacute bx-rdquosectY yxysSN yenNnT btmlkt ycedils-T

TNtAcircatildeC bhlT gOumlpermil BOgrave ycedilfrdeg AcirccWmdashTKKL xLAtildeM StTiquest lsect xyenpermil+

lntildeR ktWNM xYCLMYacuteYacute

ldquoxysS KRSegraveS yennWrdquo lcedillW _Atildeqamp ycedils-W mLS xwsup2Ub yccedilnbT hnfrac34

MKNAtildeTfrac12 QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT bRXs gcurrenAumldagger sectY AtildesectcW TMHRT xšcedil Slccediln wYM

TMHRt$ GL-T SlcedilgOumlDlW xLAtildeM yts-W yenBpermilparaAtilde bqE SsectLccediln wYM dGauml

bRXs gcurrenAumldagger sectY xNAumlCM yenBpermilparaAtilde SsectLqrb xYdlMYacuteYacute ngR GN RXs gcurrenAumldaggerN

lyen_AcircT kmnœnotCN bethT bRXs gcurrenAumldagger sectY AtildelN AumlpermilecircE WqT xatildeNnotecircE wYM

dGauml xlnotecircE ymccediln gcurrenAumlY bDMAumlraquoAtildeCN sectY ypermils yccediln tXntilde byenuacutedbdquo +MR

nWYacuteYacute

lKRSegraveS yyenNnT _Atildeqamp ycedils-TN ytlAtildedagger MLknotatildeC ktimesNS wNgL MpermilF sAEligT sectY BOgrave XNmicro ycedilktlTN mrcopyatildeC XAcircgfrac34lNmdash

o ldquoSl XRs bZb mmicrokL Bz gcurrenM gcurrenMnot nbRYacuteYacute xNAumlNigraveCfrac12 dG sW nW

xlYacuteYacute llOumlC GNfrac12 ylMiquest ZbN ycedilAtildeST nW xlYacuteYacute YhN XNcopy xYhDN

kmFpermilT ytnœfrac12 Sl XRs bGL ytAcircgr yenNM xLnbrMrdquo (timesNS 7divide12-13)YacuteYacute

o ldquokZb xNAumlNigravec$ rdquolN sMtWfrac12 YH sW bXRG_ nbdagger nW xlrdquo (timesNS

7divide40)YacuteYacute

o ldquollOumlCMfrac12 XRs KRSegraveS nW xlYacuteYacute llOumlC dGauml XNAumlH xliquest KRSegraveS kglsect

XNAacuteT lmEgrave YCsectL mFfrac12 KRSegraveS kAumlecircET zRfrac12 AumlecircETM kntilderbT kbt

LM XNdcedilmEgrave YAcircgR ylMNrdquo (timesNS 7divide41-42)YacuteYacute

o ldquoSlzHM bxysS MKNAtildeT bZb mmicrokL mlAtildeyT ccedilnrdquo (timesNS 7divide43)YacuteYacute

o ldquofparauacuteWAtildeNM XNAumlH sl mlsiquest XAcircNtM tnotsectCldquoL yenlT nWrdquo (timesNS


o ldquolmccediln kAEligl|LEgraventildeCAcirc kfparauacuteWAtildeN bXRs Atildemn xlrdquo (timesNS 7divide48)YacuteYacute

satildeC tmuacuteuacuteYfrac14xND YnT mrcopy Xytmlkt$ XJG trdquopermiln wd ccediln ytlAtildedagger

DMAumlraquoatildeC sectY XNAacuteT ldRs YCsectl ycedillW _Atildeqamp btlY yFLSFAcircAcirc yngr


34

mldivideT MhpermilNN XJG ycedilAtildeuacuteSAEligcW RXs gcurrenAumlY nWYacuteYacute lzH CGR (bAtildeNS LdaggernT)

ecircnfrac34 MKNAtildeTfrac12 satildeC btlAtildedagger RXs gcurrenAumltimesC sectY m-n ycedillAtildeY xatildeNnotecircEM ccediln

xlnotecircE GNsup2b AtildesectcW ymccediln gcurrenAumlY nWYacuteYacute YH AumlpermilecircE WqT mQDm LAEligecircamp QDm

GNsup2bfrac12 (presupposition) YAEligsectLYacuteYacute bzH mLk snotY yenAcircCNM BNccedilNfrac12 bAtildeNS

mrnotecircE bcedilAEligl RXs gcurrenAumltimesC sectY TKKLfrac34M ccediln TKKlfrac34 AtildeLccediln GNsup2b (btlAtildey

m-N) xlNYacuteYacute TMHRt zlQfrac12 ldquoyMNjMRbT iumlnot yMN=RSbTN SFpermil YwSnecircLrdquo75

ycedillW xnUgpermilcWfrac12 mQDm LAEligecircampfrac14QDm GNsup2b bxtAtildeAtildeCN sectY ycedilAtildeSkTlWN

xlnotecircEM ccediln xatildeNnotecircE W-T notuacuteb ycedilAtildedRG nWYacuteYacute

ldquolmQDm LAEligecircamp mkT ecircnfrac34 MKNAtildeT MNDN nWrdquo lcedillW _Atildeqamp bngr

mldivideT MhpermilN ycedils-W TNnotnfrac12 ysW LJ Ntildel lNtildel b^-xT ymWdq$ XWnnot (1) yxXMeacuteWN gcurrenLbT yenuacutens BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 (2) qAcirc MLknotWNM (bAtildeNS

btwsn drcopy) xdBZoslashbnotL AEligtimesC AcirccWYacuteYacute

mQDm LAEligecircampxCN XyAEligrq XNAumlAtilde-IacuteNfrac12 btwsn drcopyM bccedilN rdquonot ycedil-

BQLNfrac12 ldquoXMntamp wYM xIgraveraquo bQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT yenSrcopy MN AtildeHL tdGaeligxLrdquo

ycedillW xmicroyumlD nWYacuteYacute yxysS KRSegraveSN xMsectKnTmdash (1) xMsectmicroecircE SM xlWfrac12 (2)

xMsectmicroecircE AEligRY xlWfrac12 (3) xMsectmicroecircE |permil xlWfrac12 (4) xMsectmicroecircE KBR xlWfrac12 (5)

xMsectmicroecircE mNbR xlW bcedill xMST bY RXicircC bmKfL mnUgR YOgravesectLYacuteYacute bzH

bzH F GN ymjmparaAtildeWN n_B BOgrave lyenyT XNaumlkpermillNYacuteYacute

xysS KRSegraveS xMsectmicroecircE SM xlW bQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFTfrac12 xysS KRSegraveS yXGzxBR BOgrave m-paraAtilde bccediln xMsectmicroecircE

SaumlC m-permilt$frac12 xMsectK mccedilnN ycedilAtilderUG_ bccedilNMfrac12 xMsectKnt$N yyenYqbl

ybrvbarYyenntildeT tIgraveyenTM ccediln GlsiumlC ycedilktlTN yNtildeGT n_iumlC byenQrBfrac12 xMsectKnt$N

lyenStAEligbL Ntildekpermil AtildedRUliquest xNAumlNigravec$ dGauml xysS xMsectK nW ycedillWN gcurrenAumlY

bqblMfrac12 bxNdND KRStEAtildeAcircecircE xStMHeacuteatildeC sectY AtildesectcW GRNb_ xtAtildeY YHN

mrt XMnT lcedilKCcedil satildeC _RgAtilde mNgD l-RG SlcedilCLfrac12 lTMHRnotCN _bdquo

mdsectDL XNAumlccedilnN YHN +UG glL xDRgN XNlFmdash

1) ldquoym-bqEAtilde GNB ymF QCcedilSAcirc yTpermilKT yen~bRrdquo bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW yYDaggerecirc

MSKeacuteC DRJTfrac12 xysS xMsectK tBlOuml m-permilt$ xMsectK mccedilnN xAtildeuacuteYMiquest

MKNAtildet$M ldquoXGzxBRrdquo wYM ldquoxMsectKrdquo (bGparaK ldquotampatildeSrdquo ldquoθεὸςrdquo) ycedillW rdquoL

lsatildeC ts_egrave Ygfrac34L (mZNtildeR 82divide1iquest zixT 7divide1iquest 4divide16)YacuteYacute YHM ysatildeCN KbRnT

YWM kmsectXKT _qET BOgrave yennuacutecWN (mZNtildeR 8divide5) ycedilAtildemlKT nWfrac12 ycedilL

xStMHeacute xlWYacuteYacute XNAumlAtildeWM ym-bqEAtilde GNB DRJT bxNAumlND hnnot sY-NM

ccediln oacuteD (2oumleacuteNegraveS 4divide4iquest ethLugraveSdaggerS 319) xMsectK tBlW t-RtecircLiquest xMsectK

75 Where a person starts powerfully shapes where he or she finishes)


35

tBlW m-permilnotcW GN xMsectK mccedilAcirccWN XNdyenAtildeuacuteyW hlfrac12 xysS xMsectK

mAEligl xMsectK mccedilnN ycedilAtildeStMR xYdlM ycedilL yNtildeGT n_B AtildeqRAEligL76YacuteYacute

ldquosYEgraveNfrac12 msectXKTfrac12 oacuteDfrac12 xUNT wzt xMsectKfrac14xyenLKT (θεὸς) tBlecircLfrac12 SlzH

xysS xMsectK mAEligl xMsectK mccedilnN xAtildeuacuteYMrdquo ycedillW ym-bqEAtilde GNB DRJT

yNtildeGT n_B mF QCcediluacuteecircE mrT ylWMYacuteYacute BlAtildeTM ccediln AumluacuteT

XGzxBRfrac14xMsectK ycedillWN yGparaK rdquoL xMsectKN bcedilAtildeuacuteY mLk BOgrave _QM sectY

XNAumlWL Atildedrg sccedilN sYEgraveNfrac12 msectXKTfrac12 oacuteDfrac12 xUNT wzt xMsectK wYM xyenLKT

(θεὸς) ycedillWN rdquoL yt-qNtildeT bMiT (irony) (lMuacutel mZNtildeR 82divide1-2) wYM ldquoXNd

XGzxBRrdquo wYM ldquobXGzxBR fNnotrdquo byenlT wYM dGaumlfrac12 ldquoyzH rsaquolM xMsectKrdquo

ycedilL QL tqlOumlAEligcW nW (zixT 4divide16iquest 7divide1iquest 2oumleacuteNegraveS 4divide4)iquest bxNAumlND mF

QCcediluacuteecircE MNAEligAEligT dGauml xMsectK ycedillWN rdquoL yt-qNtildeT ymDBl xyenLKT

xMsectKAtildeN yccediln xryenWAtildeN AcirccW XNcopy XGzxBRfrac12 yXGzxBR ZiumlC wYM

dGauml yXGzxBR nbAtildeT xYdlM (ZQxL 32divide21iquest zAumlGM 19divide17)77YacuteYacute btlY

dGauml bBlY kAumlN MNAEligAEligT (mZNtildeR 82divide16iquest mZNtildeR 8divide5iquest zixT 22divide8-928) xMsectK

ycedillW rdquoL bBz qcurren_R xyenLKT (bBpermilYS- ldquoxLrdquo uacuteYccedilN ldquoxlOumlpoundMrdquo bGparak

ldquotampatildeSrdquo uacuteYccedilN ldquotampatildeYrdquo) mAEligl XNAumlhM yKFl WD XWntfrac34 xMsectK yccedilnWN gnot

ycedilAtildeuacuteY Atildelmccediln XnzHN xmicrosectT xyenLKT XNAumlsectsectcW xmsectmicroC nWYacuteYacute

2) XNd knT yumlgNNAcirc knT dividePsectND Atildel yXMnT XNQSrdquos mMHpermilN dGaumlfrac12 satildeC

ldquoxMuacutel mldivideTrdquo AcirccW wYM xyenregCfrac12 ldquoKRSegraveSN XNAumlmSl t-RtecircLrdquo wYM

dGauml KRStEAtildentildeCfrac12 ldquoymldivideT AEligRY tmicroIacuteY ccedilnecircLrdquo ycedillT mF QCcediluacuteecircE

MNAEligAEligTfrac12 satildeC mldivideT qmS AEligRY XNAumlsectcW ycedilAtildeuacuteY nW ycedilL TMHRT

xsectcW78YacuteYacute YH gcurrenAumlY xysSM xMsectK mAEligl F[M xMsectK mccedilnN ycedilAtildeuacuteY

xYdlM lcedillW yxRtimesuacuteWAtildeN xStuacutesB _RgAtilde mNgD ycedilkFT nWYacuteYacute XnzH

mF QCcediluacuteecircE MNAEligAEligT satildeC xMsectK AcirccW wYM xMsectK ymccedilN QMfrac14gcurrenLbT

ts_egravexcecircL ycedilL xStMHeacute ysectcWMYacuteYacute satildeCfrac12 ldquoXGzxBRN YmSsectlrdquo wYM

ldquoxMuacutel mldivideT AcirccWrdquo sAEligLfrac12 yXGzxBRN GBrgAEligecircE AEligRY tmicroIacutetimesC ccedilnecircL

(zF_rT 1divide26-27iquest 5divide1iquest 1oumleacuteNegraveS 11divide7iquest xOslashicircN 4divide24iquest sup3sectSYS 3divide10) yenlT sccedilNfrac12

ldquoKRSegraveSN mMsLrdquo yenlT dGauml (1) yxysS KRSegraveSN GBrgAEligecircE AEligRY tmicroIacuteY

76 b|sects yenmN YgAEligbrvbarLN (Brooklyn Watchtower Bible and Tract Society 1993) 28 kQCcediluacuteN aeligC

Xy-qs yenmpermilmR (Brooklyn Watchtower Bible and Tract Society 1994) 413 77 tSIacuteuuml eacutebliquest yxStMHeacutet |sects mF QCcediluacuteecircE mrT (tSIacute rdquoBAtilden KRSTAcirc yen~bR xAumlS

xbAEligfrac12 1998 rsaquoM)iquest g 25-32YacuteYacute 78 Kenneth Hagin Zoe The God-Kind of Life (Tulsa Kenneth Hagin Ministries 1981) Kenneth Copeland

Our Covenant with God (Fort Worth Kenneth Copeland Publications 1987)


36

mccedilN (1timesNS 3divide2iquest eacuteraquo 8divide29) (2) XNd xysS KRSegraveS bkbrAcirc byenYaumlT xmicrol

TNœx kNtildenotN mnœTN ycedilAtildemlKT nW (ethLugraveSdaggerS 3divide21iquest 1oumleacuteNegraveS 15divide49)79YacuteYacute

3) yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN mMHpermilN dGauml yt[Wacirc SM (lMuacutel xysS) XNAumlhM

yyenrG SM (lMuacutel xAEligTfrac14xB) mmicrokL LdaggernT ycedilf_rW TMHRnotcW80 xysS

xMsectK tBlOuml m-permilt$ xMsectK mccedilnN xAtildeuacuteYM lcedillW xRtimesuacuteecircE xStuacutesB ytwsn

drcopy gsup2 lAtildedRG SlcedilCLfrac12 rdquol XGzxBR bt[Wacirc SMAcirc byenrG SM

mmicrokL xNAumlCM LdaggernT xNAumlyenAtildentildeR ytwsn yenSrcopyatildeCN XNmLkTmdash

o ldquoqAcirctfrac34rdquo ycedillW SM yXGzxBR SM XNd ccediln tgLUcircxL (zixT 34divide14)YacuteYacute

o DNQ mmicroRfrac12 ÂtildeL xMsectKfrac12 yzsectlM xbTfrac12 yssectM xlrdquo ycedillT SAtilderaquoatildeC

yms xpermilT ldquoSaumlCrdquo AcirccW (xuacuteYAtildeS 9divide6)YacuteYacute

o ldquoQCcedilSrdquo yXGzxBR ldquoSMrdquo nW (xuacuteYAtildeS 57divide15)YacuteYacute

o ldquoxAumlrdquo SM nW (xuacuteYAtildeS 63divide16)YacuteYacute

o ldquoKRSegraveSrdquo SM nW (yentampatildeS 24divide5 k1rsquo_eacuteS 4divide14 UR AtildenUacutebdquo)YacuteYacute

o ldquoKRStEAtildeNrdquo SM nW (1rsquo_eacuteS 4divide16)YacuteYacute

o ldquoyXGzxBR rdquoLrdquo SM nW (permilXY 19divide13)YacuteYacute

o ldquoyng|notT Ng|frac12 ygegraveC gnotrdquo SM nW (permilXY 19divide13)YacuteYacute

lMuacutel XGzxBR wYM xMsectK ycedillW rdquoLfrac12 yt[Wacirc SM nW wYS yyenrG SM

ycedilL _Atildeqamp lnœ YCsectLYacuteYacute mF QCcedilS xMsectK bcedillW SM sectY ldquoyXfrac34rdquofrac12

ldquoyXSpermilxLrdquo wzt ycedillT QlOumlC tqlWbT ycedilg Slccedilnfrac12 rdquol yyenrG SMN

yenuacuteyt$ XNtildeN nWYacuteYacute ngR GN XnzH QlOumlC bllbT hnnot GN xMsectKfrac14XGzxBR

ycedillW rdquoL yt[Wacirc SMN yenmLkt$ yGD YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute lzH _bdquo yenSrcopy lccedilN

ycedilClWfrac12 ldquoKRSegraveSrdquo ycedillW rdquoL nWYacuteYacute bxNAumlND mF QCcediluacuteecircE MNAEligAEligT ldquomsrdquo

ycedillW yBpermilYS_ rdquoL KRSegraveS ycedillW yGparaK rdquoL yyenrG SMN byenAtildeuacuteY mLk

_QM sectY WlOumlxL (lMuacutel yentampatildeS 16divide16iquest lrdquoS 24divide46iquest timesNS 1divide41)YacuteYacute ngR GN

bAumlS kAumlN mLXKegraveC WS_frac12 ldquoKRSegraveSrdquo ycedillW rdquoL bxBsup2frac34W yt[Wacirc SMN

bcedilAtildemlKT mLk _QM sectY WsectLYacuteYacute kzH yMNyenrW ngR QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT

bt[Wacirc SMAcirc byenrG SM mmicrokL xNAumlCM LdaggernT XNdyenAtildedRg xmsectmicroC nW81YacuteYacute

79 tSIacuteuuml eacutebliquest yxStMHeacutet |sects mF QCcediluacuteecircE mrTiquest g 25-32YacuteYacute 80 tKl yenRAtildeM gsup2iquest XDN zND MN yenDrG YgAEligfrac34L xAumlS LdTiquest (xAumlS xbAElig xTtimesugraveAtilde) g 117YacuteYacute 81 Robert M Bowman Jr and J Ed Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place The Case For The Deity of Christ

(Grand Rapids Kregel 2007) 127-28


37

4) MAcircLAEligT xNAumlND satildeC dGaumlfrac12 ldquoXGzxBR bcedil-permilbT SM yt-bdquo satildeC

mntildepermilcW (lMuacutel ldquoXrfrac34rdquo ldquolTrdquo) Glsiumlc$ xMsectK bt-permilbT SAtilderaquo Slt-bdquo BOgrave

xMsectK YccedilAcircl wYM YH SAtilderaquo xyensectK XNAumlccediln AtildedRUcecircL yenlT YOgravesectLrdquo ycedilL

_Atildeqamp lAtildeqRb YCsectlYacuteYacute ysW LiacuteCM ccediln llOumlC F_rnotTfrac12 xMsectK bt-permilbT

SM Slt-bdquo BOgrave xMsectK AcirccW wYM xMsectK YccedilAcircl yenlT TKKL xYdlMYacuteYacute

yxysSN gcurrenAumlY kzH ycedillYbT bRmicronot MKNAtildeegraveC xlYacuteYacute YWMmdash (1) xysS

KRSegraveS xMsectK bt-permilbT SM BOgrave yt-permil sccedilNfrac12 bQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT bzH SAtilderaquo

yt-bdquo xNAumlCM xmicrosectT bllbT hnnot rdquol lxysS ts_egrave mgszligt$frac12 yxysSN

xMsectKnT ycedilAtildeuacuteY YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute lMuacutel xMsectKfrac14XGzxBR (GparaK ldquotampatildeSrdquo ldquoθεὸςrdquo)

ycedillW SAtilderaquo kXGzxBR WAgrave lccediln xmicrosectT _QM sectY WlOuml XNdyenYgszligW

hl82frac12 ldquoxLIacuteAcirc acircraquoUrdquofrac12 ldquomjmparaAtildeWAcirc m=ršWrdquofrac12 ldquoyng|notT Ng| ygegraveC

gnotrdquo wzt ycedillT SaumlC kXGzxBR WAgrave lllOumlC xmicrosectT _QM sectY

xLecirclMYacuteYacute QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT xysS KRsegraveSN ldquoxAumlfrac14mD^nTrdquofrac12 ldquolTrdquo wzt

XNAumll hl satildeCNM ldquoxAumlfrac14mD^nTrdquofrac12 ldquolTrdquo AtildelbT hnnot xlYacuteYacute xysS

xAumlfrac14mD^nT BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 XnzH SaumlC bxND sectY xysSN lyenmLkT _QM

sectY WlecircL (lMuacutelmdash ldquoxMsectkAcirc gnotuumlrdquo (timesNS 20divide28) ldquoxMsectmicroCNAcirc mD^nnotCNrdquo

(tEegrave 2divide13iquest 2rsquo_eacuteS 1divide1) ldquognotCNAcirc mD^nnotCNrdquo (2rsquo_eacuteS 1divide11)YacuteYacute XnzH SaumlCM

bccediln bzH mLk kXGzxBR WAgrave lccediln xmicrosectT _QM sectY WlW xYgszligMYacuteYacute

(2) AumluacuteT xysSN xMsectK AtildelbT WDfrac12 BlAtildeT xBN xMsectK AEliglbT WD

mccedilnfrac12 rdquol yxysS xMsectKnT ycedilAtildeSrG_ nW wdcedilL DMAumlraquo XNDNdRS yGD

YsectLYacuteYacute lMuacutelfrac12 ldquognotrdquo yenlT xND ngR sccedilNfrac12 ldquoygnotN SM ycedil-permil hl YDAcircLrdquo

wYM ldquoygnot qNrdquo ycedillT glUacuteatildeC GN bBlAtildeT XGzxBR xBN lyenmLkT

_QM sectY becirclbT TRgcurrenyencW lxysS KRSegraveS WlW mgszlignotcW xysS gnot

ytAEliglWfrac12 xB gnot btAEliglbT WD XNd ccediln XNrAumllNYacuteYacute (3) lxysS KRSegraveS

yts- xMsectmicroecircE SaumlC yxysS KRSegraveSN xMsectmicroecircE AEligRY (lMuacutelmdash zsectlyenecircE

mccedilnfrac12 hlN mOgravelfrac12 hlN yenwq$frac12 bhl AElignot mgszligt$)frac12 xMsectmicroecircE |permil (lMuacutelmdash

AtildeecircNNAcirc Gsup2NN hl mF-bdquofrac12 yzsectlMN YwT mS-t$)frac12 xMsectmicroecircE KBR

(lMuacutelmdash SGdTN mqblfrac12 [lOumlTN mSyent$frac12 ZyenEcirc yen~lT mqbl)frac12 XNAumlhM

xMsectmicroecircE mNbR (lMuacutelmdash kxB UR XkcurrenL mccedilnfrac12 bF-permilN hl sectY gcentE mccedilnfrac12

bxB q mqm-)frac12 XNAumllW bcedilAtildeuacuteY mlk _QM sectY yecircl AcirccW83YacuteYacute bx-

rdquosectY kzH bmq-L yMNnUgRAEligcW xMsectmicroecircE SaumlC lxysS ts_tW

82 tSIacuteuuml eacutebliquest yxStMHeacutet |sects mF QCcediluacuteecircE mrT (tSIacute rdquoBAtilden KRSTAcirc yen~bR xAumlS

xbAEligfrac12 1998 rsaquoM)iquest g 25-32YacuteYacute 83Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place The Case For The Deity of Christ 129


38

mgszlignotcW yxysS KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT ycedilAtildeuacuteY nW ycedilL yNtildeGT n_B mrT

xDRgN nW WYYnotCNN yMNq_lWYacuteYacute

I ytampatildeS θεὸς( ) WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE TNnotn timesNS 11iquest timesNS 118iquest timesNS 2028iquest eacuteraquo 95iquest ecircRAtildeT |permil 2028iquest tEegrave

213iquest 2rsquo_eacuteS 11iquest BpermilWAtildeN 18iquest 1timesNS 520-21

kzH bmq-l gnotNAcirc mD^nnotCN xysS KRSegraveS ldquoxMsectKrdquo (GparaK ldquotampatildeSrdquo

ldquoθεὸςrdquo) ytAEliglAEligcWN XnzHN z- yAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT bSIacuteT lmmRmR Ntildekpermil

XAcircdRUlN84YacuteYacute

ldquotampatildeSrdquo (θεὸς) ycedillW yGparaK rdquol bsBrsaquo lrdquoAcircT (LXX) TRgcurrenM sectY 2851 gz

bsectY _QM sectY yecircl sccedilNfrac12 AtildeHecircamp ycedillWN yXGzxBR SM =Meacute bBlY kAumlN

sectY ycedilgszlig yXGzxBR SaumlCN tKegravexL85YacuteYacute bAumlS kAumlN GparaKM rdquol 1315 gz

_QM sectY yecircl sccedilNfrac12 784 ycedilccedilnW WSN mStumlMR AtildelbT (articular) sccedilNfrac12

216 ycedilccedilnW dGauml WSN mStumlMR yllW (anarthrous) nWYacuteYacute ldquotampatildeSrdquo (θεὸς)

ycedillW n-sect rdquoL 1307 gz ycedilg sccedilNfrac12 yBz qcurren_R ycedilAtildemlKtW tampatildeY (θεoί)

dGauml 8 gz _QM sectY WsectL86YacuteYacute

kzH bmq-L xysS xMsectKfrac14XGzxBR nW ycedillTN XnzHN MNAEligAEligT wd

mmRmbdquo XNZlQ87YacuteYacute btimesNS wNgL bAtildeNS ƒST gz xysS KRSegraveS

xMsectKfrac14XGzxBR tBlOumlxL (timesNS 1divide118iquest 20divide28) QDcedilAtilde s_tN yMAcirc-AcircW

XnzHN KFlOumlC nWYacuteYacute

84 ytampatildeS WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE TNnotn ycedillW y_AcircT bxBsup2frac34W mrT AtildedrgW ycedilktlTN hlT

mUacuteFT nWmdash Murray J Harris Jesus as God The New Testament Use of Theos in Reference to Jesus (Grand

Rapids Baker 1992) Robert M Bowman Jr Jehovahs Witnesses Jesus Christ and the Gospel of John (Grand

Rapids Baker 1989) bRXs gcurrenAumldagger sectY seth yenBpermilparaAtilde ycedilfLg satildeC XnzHN mUacuteFT XNAumlAtildenb

YbrnotnotlYacuteYacute ymjmparaAtildeW mF divideYn GparaKN ltyenbdquo yngr mldivideT tyenparaatildeC ytzUj sccedilNfrac12 hltfrac34W mF GN GparaKN yyenAtildeWq$ satildeCfrac12 RXs gcurrenAumldaggerN bTKKL XNAumlrCcedilT notSiuml ytzUj mF nWiquest ngR GN YH yRobert M Bowman Jr mF TkcurrenrT ycedilAtildedRgW btimesNS 1divide1 XAcirc 8divide58 sectY BOgrave

nWYacuteYacute 85 Murray J Harris Jesus as God 22-29 86 Zn kyenhiquest 31YacuteYacute 87 yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW brvbarYyenntildenotecircE DRJT xAEligsectTfrac12 ldquoxysS XGzxBR nWrdquo

ycedillTN KFlOumlCfrac12 ldquoxysS permils XGzxBR xB nWrdquo wYM ldquoxBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccWrdquo lcedillW yDRJt$ xStMHeacute yenfrac34 Y-qNtildeAEligcecircLYacuteYacute YH xStMHeacute XJG ytuacuteuacutet mccedilnNfrac12 tSIacuteuuml eacutebliquest WbrvbarWAcirc SNtilde XNAumlhM sAEligLtimesuacuteWAtildeN bcedilL RXS AtildezUjWN tknotnotY mUacuteFT (Q 1 XAcirc 2) YmlkaLYacuteYacute


39

timesNS 11-18 WAumlecircE TNtAcirc ytimesNS wNgL mGbAtilde (prologue) bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW timesNS 11-18 AtildelW

KFL sccedilNfrac12 bwNgl ymGbAtilde KFL yenlTM qcurren_R 1 sectYM ccediln bmGbAtildeW DMAumlraquo

yenlTM qcurren_R 18 sectYfrac12 xysS xMsectKfrac14XGzxBR (GparaK ldquotampatildeSrdquo ldquoθεὸςrdquo) mAEligl

xMsectKnt$N ycedilAtilde[Acirc nWYacuteYacute bzF_rT 11 sectY XAcirc btimesNS 11 sectYfrac12 ldquobmjmparaAtilderdquo ycedillW rdquoL bxUEgravecedil

ytkt K|tT uacuteYccedilNfrac12 timesNS wNglN sF notuacuteb AtildedrgW zF_rT xNDN XNd

ccediln ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute kzH bt=yenparaM zF_rT xNDNAcirc timesNS xNDN ycedilAtildemuacuteSsectcW bRmicronot ngeacuteC xlYacuteYacute hlt$M KFlOumlC Sl BRbrvbarNAcirc Sl =lyen YAcircgpermill (zF_rT 113-

5iquest timesNS 13-59)YacuteYacute timesNS rsaquolyenTN =Meacute F_rnotT LWAcirccWN AtildegszligT brdquoL

xyenmicroYnT XNd ccediln YgLUacuteL (qcurren_R 310)YacuteYacute XnzH mrcopyatildeC rdquoL ytAEliglW KRSegraveS

F_rnotT kmf-permilcW bethT XNd nbr yenuacuteynotcW XNAumlhM XRs yF-rnotT hl

mgfrac34 mccedilnfrac12 xysS zsectlyenecircEAcirc AtildeLtf-r mccedilnN ycedilAtildeuacutedagger AcirccWYacuteYacute zsectlyenecircE mccediln

dGauml xMsectmicroecircE AEligRYWN ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute XNAumlAtildeWM timesNS bwNgl mGbAtilde KFL yen-AcircqqEAtilde (qcurren_R 12) sectY satildeCfrac12 ldquobSNtilde XNAumlAtildeMnrdquo _para AtildeqRAEligLYacuteYacute XGzxBR xBN

XNdMAcircMnW xysSNM ldquoXmnrdquo ycedillW _para xysS xMsectmicroecircE KBR XNAumllW ycedilAtildeuacuteY

nWYacuteYacute

yrdquoL yenNnT GL yccedilnW timesNSfrac12 ldquordquoLM |U ccedilniquest bmmicroklCNM drrdquo

(qcurren_R 14 xmT) AEliglbT gz nWYacuteYacute xyenRregc$ QiacuteC ldquobmmicroksectCN drrdquo (GparaK ldquoxkntildesN

xN haumlNrdquo ldquoἐσκήνωσεν ἐν ἡμινrdquo) sl ytrgOumlNtildeT rdquoL bqcurrenNtilde (rdquoL brdquoL strgOumlM)frac12

ldquoDNmicronN bXfrac34 mmicrokL ddividenrdquo ycedilL TRgcurrenM YntilderecircLYacuteYacute YHM XGzxBR bmgAcircfrac34W

DNmicroN WS_ bXSpermilxsectWAtildeN mmicrokL yendbdquoN (mntildeR mjmbdquoN) XNAumlhM Zb

XSpermilxLfrac12 kXGzxBR UR GNszlignT lyenDrG wd XRs myumlD XNAumllbT ycedilAtildeuacuteY

TXMRT nWYacuteYacute kDNmicron bldquosect ytpermilW IgravecedilW ymgAcircfrac34 DNmicroN Xynotn[ bnbrbT

wQT XNmicrofrac12 Ntildes gzAtildeecircEWN DNmicroN ksfbdquo WAgrave bmTkl MKNAtildeT XSpermilxsectWAtildeN

kXGzxBRN UR bzAtilde GNszlignT AtildedRg nbR (zixT 337-11)88YacuteYacute bsfbdquo mmicrokL

ytpermilW ymgAcircfrac34 DNmicroN s-AcircqQfrac12 ldquodmAcircW ymgAcircfrac34WN DNmicroN sup1fniquest

yXGzxBRM (yAtildeHecircampM) KBR yendparaAtildeWN aumlsectrdquo (zixT 40divide35)YacuteYacute

timesNSfrac12 ldquordquoLM |U ccedilniquest bmmicroksectCNM dr [ἐσκήνωσεν ἐν ἡμιν]iquest Xfrac34M [UNAcirc

XWnTN taumlLegrave [ldquoPlEcircSrdquo ldquoπλήρηςrdquo] kxAEligt$ zND ymEgraveWN yxNDAtilde LdegN KBR

[δόξαν] xyNrdquo (qcurren_R 14) ycedillW glUacuteWfrac12 ldquodmAcircW ymgAcircfrac34WN DNmicroN sup1fniquest

yXGzxBRM (yAtildeHecircampM) KBR [ldquoigraveKuacuteNrdquo ldquoδόξανrdquo] yendparaAtildeWN aumlsect [ldquoPlEcircSrdquo

ldquoπλήρηςrdquo]rdquo (zixT 40divide35) kcedillW UR ycedilgOumlAuml MNAEligB nWYacuteYacute kmgAcircfrac34W DNmicroN bldquosect

ynotn[WM bt mQdSfrac12 YHNn tGAEligR XNAumlfM ytzUj nbR (lMuacutel mZNtildeR 747

ldquomQdSHN xrdquo_lW xwdNtildeTiquest ySMHNM yendparaAtilde xrksrdquo)YacuteYacute timesNS bXfrac34 mmicrokL

AtildedrW rdquoLfrac12 ldquokxAEligt$ zND ymEgraveWN yxNDAtilde LdegN KBRrdquo (qcurren_R 14) XNd ccediln

88 ksfbdquo WAgrave slttklW Sl gzAtildeecircEW mgAcirc DNmicroN XNAumlhM bsfbdquo mmicrokL SltpermilW ymgAcircfrac34

DNmicroN yxAumls mdbfrac34 TRgcurrenM bzixT 33divide7 sectY yqrbWN y_AcircT mMparaAtilde YmlkaLYacuteYacute


40

YgLUacuteLYacuteYacute YH yldquoKBRrdquo glUacute Ntildes bmgAcircfrac34W DNmicroN WS_ AtildeyWN yXGzxBRN

ldquoKBRrdquo ycedilAtildeEgraveQS nW (zixT 33divide18)YacuteYacute XGzxBR xMsectK bdmAcirc bmgAcircfrac34 DNmicron

sectY swRDfrac12 XGzxBR Slpermils XNAumlH YL nbRfrac12 ldquoXGzxBR XGzxBR

R~bdquo~Acirc cR xMsectK lqcurrenEgrave yzgyfrac12 FQbdquoAcirc notyennt$ ybsup2rdquo (zixT 34divide6)YacuteYacute timesNS bXRs

zmN ynbbdquoTN xYhD ycedilAtildeSdNrdquocW bhlT mLk nWiquest YWMmdash (1) bxysS

KRsegraveS xyenmicroYnT ytgl-W yXGzxBR R~permil^frac12 cRnTfrac12 MrT wzt bNtildes

bkL ytgl-W XJG XNdcedilLQ YgLUacuteLYacuteYacute timesNS YHN ycedilgL[W khlT qcurren_eacuteC bldquosect bqcurren_R 17 sectY nWfrac12 ldquoG bNtildes bkL ts_egrave nbRiquest [UAcirc XWnT GN bxysS

KRSegraveS bkL mEgraverdquoYacuteYacute (2) Ntildes Sl XGzxBR KBR ytgl-lT mgl_frac12

XGzxBR permilsN bKRSegraveS xyenmicroYnT lcedilgL-W mgl_ _sect XNd ccediln YgLUacuteLYacuteYacute XGzxBR lNtildesfrac12 ldquoyenNM XnN xYegrave mntildeR SlyenYCLrdquo (zixT 33divide20) ycedillW

xNUgbdquofrac12 ldquokegraveWNM XGzxBRN Atildey yenNM ylMrdquo (qcurren_R 18h) ycedillWN ycedilAtilde[Acirc

sccedilNfrac12 ldquongR GN bxB QF AtildelW xNDAtilde Ldeg yccedilnW xMsectK XRs gl-Wrdquo (qcurren_R

18l) ycedillWN ycedilAtildemsectKT nWYacuteYacute

1) timesNS 11 WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE TNtAcirc

ldquoʼΕν ἀρχῃ ἠν ὁ λόγος καὶ ὁ λόγος ἠν πρὸς τὸν θεόν καὶ θεὸς ἠν ὁ

λόγοςrdquo89 o ldquobmjmparaAtilde rdquoL nbriquest rdquoLM kXGzxBR UR xBeacute nbriquest rdquoLM XGzxBR nbrrdquo

(TRgcurrenM yXfrac34)

o ldquoqAumlcedilh rdquoL WXt$iquest wWXt$ rdquol ^b XGzxBRiquest WXt$ wXGzxBR WXt rdquoL$rdquo (Luacuten

GXZmdashyen~br mF QCcedilS zxTtimesugraveAtilde)

o ldquoxSqDauml rdquoL nbrYacuteYacute rdquoLM bXGzxBR zND nbrYacuteYacute XGzxBRM rdquoL nbrrdquo (y1879

TRgcurrenMmdashz BparatEgt xND aeligparaN AEligYBL ƒuacuteYtamp)

o ldquobmjmparaAtildeW rdquoL nbrfrac12 rdquoLM bXGzxBR zND nbriquest rdquoLM XGzxBR nbrrdquo (y1954

TRgcurrenMmdashyxTtimesugraveAtilde mF QCcedilS yen~bR)

o ldquobmjmparaAtilde rdquoL nbriquest rdquoLM kXGzxBR UR nbriquest rdquoLM XGzxBR nbrrdquo (y1993

xAumls mdbfrac34 TRgcurrenMmdashxNtRAcircgtAcircL mF QCcedilS yen~bR)

o ldquordquoL bmjmparaAtilde nbriquest rdquoLM bXGzxBR zND nbriquest YHM rdquoL XGzxBRrdquo nbr

(y1980 xAumlS TRgcurrenMmdashxTtimesugraveAtilde mF QCcedilS yen~bR)

89 Nestle E amp McReynolds P R 1997 c1993 Nestle Aland 27th Edition Greek New Testament with

McReynolds English Interlinear Includes the Nestle Aland Greek New Testament with morphology

lemmas glosses and interlinear translation in modern English The Greek New Testament copyright

1998 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft D-Stuttgart Logos Research System Oak Harbor bzH mF yt-

qMNAEligcWN yGparaK MNAEligAEligT ywsDnW ywsDnW kzH mF nWYacuteYacute


41

YHN KFLfrac12 yKRSegraveS bt KRStEAtildeN lhlT sup1H rsaquomT microStyenrCW TMHRT

UR bcedilUacuterR mLk ycedilAtildeStMbdquo bRmicronot ybrvbarYyenntildeT DRJegraveC xlYacuteYacute ldquoym-bqEAtilde GNB

ymF QCcedilSAcirc yTpermilKT yen~bRrdquo bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW ldquoyYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCrdquo DRJT

XNAumlhM ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo bzH rgD qAumlcedil t-rdquoeumlC lccediln YCsectlmdash

btlY bxgpermilCNYacuteYacute yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC yxysS KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT ycedilAcircgrWN YHN

KFL btrdquopermiln mLkfrac12 xysS KRSegraveS kxB Atildens F-R nW lcedillW TMHRnotcW

yenSdgethAtilde Y-qNtildebnotLYacuteYacute yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN dGaumlfrac12 xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildedagger

xmicrosectT AcirccW ycedillWN yKFlN xStMHeacute bcedilEgraverS mNgD xBM wLDM xysS

KRSegraveS nW lcedillW TMHRnotcW yenSdgethAtilde xzWTrW Y-QsnotLYacuteYacute XnzH

ybrvbarYyenntildeT DRJegraveC yKFlN xStMHeacute XNd gsup2 frdquoAumlcW XNAumltrgcurrenNtildeT bR

ykftsectcWfrac12 QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFTN ybkcurrenr Iacutet$N secircSWfrac12 notparaKfrac12 |n IacuteecircE QRAcirc

mcampT lmtRgOumlM frdquodfrac34 AtildelmccedilAcirccW XNAumlhM frdquodfrac34 XNccedilAcirclN ycedill kccediln

dGauml nIacuteqampxcW yXNAEligY microB SlcedilccedilNAEligcW nWYacuteYacute bRG_ yKFl TMHRT MNDN

nW ycedillW gcurrenAumlY bTKKL ycedilbynWfrac12 KFlN bQRbT bmmRmR BOgrave Slccedilnfrac12

KFlN bskn mNgD XNmRMRYacuteYacute

bzH KFL WS_ ƒST rFt ngeacuteC Atildel sccedilNfrac12 XAtildeNAumlNCcedilM rFt ngR

yMNAEligb AEliglbT SlccedilnW Sl xysS KRSegraveS mrnotecircE TMHRT ycedilAtildeStMbdquo AcirccWYacuteYacute

XnzHN rFt ngeacuteC |n IacuteecircE QRUacutecWN btktl mNgD secircSecircecircEAcirc WAumlecircE

TRgcurrenyencWN XNtnTAcirclNmdash

h ldquoqAumlcedilh rdquoL WXt$rdquo ldquoʼΕν ἀρχῃ ἠν ὁ λόγοςrdquo

ldquobmjmparaAtilde rdquoL nbrrdquoYacuteYacute ldquobmjmparaAtilderdquo (GparaK ldquoxN xRkrdquo ldquoʼΕν ἀρχῃrdquo) ycedillW

rdquoL bsBrsaquo lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM (LXX)90 yzF_rT mF mjmparaAtilde sectYM XAcircgszligecirclNYacuteYacute

TMHRt zlQ YHNN MSSL xzWTrW ycedil-QsbT ecircnfrac34 MKNAtildeT timesNS 1divide1 sectYfrac12

ldquobmjmparaAtilderdquo (GparaK ldquoxN xRkrdquo ldquoʼΕν ἀρχῃrdquo) ycedillW rdquoL kzF_rT 1divide1 UR xND

YnT JyenEcircN SlcedilAtildemlKT nWYacuteYacute yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC YHN mUgravedN x_BqW Yrdquowyenliquest MKNAtildet$M xysS KRSegraveS kzF_rT 1divide1 bethT nbr ycedilAEligL kccedilnfrac12 kgz

Jyeneacute bethT nbr wdcedillW DMAumlraquo SlcedilAtildedRS nWmdashYH dGauml kDRJt$ xStMHeacute

UR YEgraveruacuteLYacuteYacute kzHM ytnœ DRJt$ b1984 rsaquoM AtildeuacutetmW yxAumlS rsaquolcedilt$ TRgcurrenM

yXNGlZfrac34 QJ (NWT) timesNS 1divide1 AtildeEgraveqsW kzF_rT 1divide1 UR uacuteYccedilNfrac12 Muacutel 8divide22iquest

sup3sectSYS 1divide15iquest permilXY 3divide14 UR nW91YacuteYacute 90 bƒStfrac34W megrave KFl zmN bGparaK IgraveNIgrave tAcircUpara xYhigraveC yBpermilYS-N yBlY kAumlN QJ (ytwsn

MNAEligAEligt$ xryenYS_) wd GparaK IgraveNIgrave ttRgcurrenaumlxL YH QJ ysBrsaquo lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM (LXX) bmAEligL Y-

permilLYacuteYacute 91 New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures With References (Brooklyn Watchtower Bible and Tract

Society 1984) 1281 lzF_rT 1divide1 yenEgraveqšnT dGauml BpermilWAtildeN 1divide10 -QicircxLiquest xSgpermilcedilW gcurrenAumlY


42

yzF_rT 11 WDAcirc ytimesNS 11 WD mjmparaAtilde ycedillW rdquoL ygzN JyenEcirc

ycedilAtildemlKT nWYacuteYacute btimesNS 11 sectY AtildelW ldquobmjmparaAtilderdquo bzFTrT 11 sectY microlW

ldquobmjmparaAtilderdquo UR xND lmccediln yhlt$ KFlOumlC WD xND mccediln notsectQ yenSrcopy nWmdash

1 ldquobmjmparaAtilderdquo ycedillW rdquoL bzF_rTM mFM ccediln btimesNS wNgL

mjmparaAtilde KFL sectY Ygfrac34LYacuteYacute 2 ldquoXGzxBRrdquo (GparaK ldquoccedil tampatildeSrdquo ldquoὁ λόγοςrdquo) ycedillW rdquoL bhlt$M KFlOumlC

ymKfOgrave rFt ngR sectY Ygfrac34LYacuteYacute

3 hlt$M KFlOumlC SlF_rnotT JyenEcirc ycedilAcircgbdquo AcirccWYacuteYacute 4 ldquordquoLrdquo (GparaK ldquoccedil lOumlmacrSrdquo ldquoὁ λόγοςrdquo) ycedillW rdquoLfrac12 bhlt$M KFlOumlC mGbAtilde sectY

Ygfrac34LYacuteYacute

5 bhlt$M KFlOumlC WS_ ycedilktlT rdquosectT bBsup2T Ygfrac34l tf-rfrac14F_rT (GparaK ldquoxGnegraverdquo ldquoἐγένετοrdquo)frac12 BRbrvbarN (GparaK ldquoaeligSrdquo ldquoφωςrdquo)frac12 =lyen (GparaK

ldquoSdivideTAtilderdquo ldquoσκοτίᾳrdquo) wztfrac12

mF QCcedilS XGzxBR gzN XNd f-r bGL yenStyenbdquo BOgrave uacuteYccedilN (BpermilWAtildeN 12iquest 113) bG AEligNG bmAEligL ycedilnotwqWM y|n F_rT _AcircT AElignotAcirc gz

(time amp space) HLWAcirccWN AtildegszligT qcurrenuacuteecircEW rsaquolM sf-R nW ycedilL TMHRT xlWYacuteYacute

ym-bqEAtilde GNB DRJTfrac12 timesNS 1divide1 kzF_rT 1divide1 UR ycedilgOumld nW bAEligL XNmicrofrac12

yxyenRregc$ TRgcurrenaumlCfrac12 ldquobrdquo XNAumlhM ldquoxSqDaumlrdquo sl ytrgOumlNtildeT mStecircDD (GparaK

ldquoxNrdquo ldquoʼΕνrdquo) rsaquolyenT btf-bdquobT gz xysS XNd tf-r ycedilAtildeuacuteY nW ycedilL NtildeGT

xsectcWYacuteYacute ngR GN yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC permiluacutecW rsaquolyenT ytf-bdquoT bxysS KRSegraveS

mccedilnN YqbsectlYacuteYacute YH XWnT kccediln dGauml yrsaquolyenT fEgravepara xysS rsaquolyenT kmf-permilcW

bethT mntildebdquo yGD YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute m-bqEAtilde GNBfrac12 ldquoxNrdquo ldquoʼΕνrdquo ycedillW yGparaK mStecircDD

xysS rsaquolyenT btf-bdquobT gz HLWAcircWN XNAumlgszlig ycedilAtildemlKT nW ycedillW TMHRnotcW StT nWYacuteYacute timesNS YHN yenlT bfLG ntildeeacute ldquoxNrdquo (ldquoʼΕνrdquo) kcedillW

mStecircDD YLQfrac12 btimesNS xND sectY tdUGauml yqrbWN ldquoxGnegraverdquo (ldquoἐγένετοrdquo) (timesNS

1divide36101417) ycedillWN yGparaK mStecircDD Slcedil-qM KFlfrac12 ldquobmjmparaAtilde rdquoL

HLWAcircWN xgszligrdquo tBlOuml YtrgOumlM nbRYacuteYacute timesNS ldquoxGnegraverdquo ycedillWN mStecircDD t-

Qauml bccediln ntildeeacute yYDaggerecirc MSKeacute xStMHeacute cedilsup2N mDIacuteT YCL nbRYacuteYacute ldquobmjmparaAtilde rdquoL nbrrdquoYacuteYacute yxyenRfrac34 TRgcurrenaumlCfrac12 ldquonbrrdquo sl ytrgOumlNtildeT rdquoL (GparaK

ldquoxNrdquo ldquoἠνrdquo)frac12 bdivideYn GparaK secircSW HLWAcircW qEgraveYnT XNd nbrW

(durativeimperfect)92 ycedilAtildemlKT nWYacuteYacute xysS gzAtildeTfrac14rsaquolyenT kmf-permilcW bethT

XNmicroN HLWAcircW qEgraveYnT ynbrW kccediln dGauml ym-bqEAtilde GNB xysS HLWAcircWN

AtildegszligW rsaquolyenT sf-bdquo nW ycedillW TMHRt$ StT YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute

BpermilWAtildeN 1divide10 yDRJt$N xStMHeacute btrdquorn mLkfrac12 yKRSegraveSN zsectlyenecircEnT ycedilAtildeuacuteY MNAEligB mccediln

nWYacuteYacute 92 xN ἠν durativeimperfect XNdcedilAtildemlKtW hlfrac12 bxNAumlND hnnotatildeC WS_ n-sect yccediln secteth

K|tTN (aorist) lAtildeuacuteY YCsectLYacuteYacute ngR GN rdquol btimesNS wNgL WS_ yt-qsW bdurative TRgcurrenNtilde

BOgrave nW (timesNS 11hl 2 4hl)YacuteYacute A T Robertson A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of

Historical Research (Nashville Broadman Press 1934) 883


43

ldquoym-bqEAtilde GNB yen~bRrdquo (yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC DRJT) ltimesNS 11 yenEgraveqšnT

zF_rT 11 AtildeL-qsbTN MKNAtildeT sgLfrac12 btimesNS 11 sectY ldquobmjmparaAtilderdquo kcedillW

rdquoL ethT WSN mStumlMR Slll nW YsectLYacuteYacute YH GN StT nWiquest MKNAtildet$M ldquobmjmparaAtilderdquo kcedillW rdquoL ethT WSN mStumlMR yllW btimesNS 11 sectY BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12

bzF_rT 11 sectYM nWAcircYacuteYacute

ldquoym-bbqEAtilde GNB DRJTrdquo ldquomjmparaAtilderdquo (GparaK ldquoxRkrdquo ldquoἀρχῃrdquo) ygzN JyenEcirc

ycedilAtildemlKT xYdlM ycedilL xStAtildeyT xlW (ecircRAtildeT |permil 1115iquest ethLugraveSdaggerS

415)YacuteYacute ngR GN yxNDN rdquoL TRgcurrenM ycedilwSnW WCcedil XSk ccediln DrSfrac12 ytimesNS 11

ccediln yzF_rT 11 WD yrsaquolyenTN mf-R (ygzNAcirc yiumlnotN JyenEcirc) ycedilAtildemlKt$

Slccediln rdquol ygzN JyenEcirc yenmLkt$ xYqEcirc YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute timesNS ygzN JyenEcirc ycedilAtildeStMR kccediln bxNUacutebdquo dGauml xysS (rdquoL) kgz bethT

qEgraveYnT AEliglW hnnot nbr yenlTfrac12 xysS zsectlyenecircE nW yenlT nWYacuteYacute yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC

XymicroCcedil AtildelT YHN XWnT nWYacuteYacute bx-rdquosectY ktimesNS 11 ymjmparaAtilde rFt ngR yMNyenrW XWnTfrac12 xysS

KRSegraveS zsectlyenecircEfrac14JyenEcirc yllW mccedilnN nWYacuteYacute

l ldquowWXt$ rdquoL ^b XGzxBR rdquo ldquoκαὶ ὁ λόγος ἠν πρὸς τὸν θεόνrdquo

xhN dGaumlfrac12 ldquordquoLM kXGzxBR UR nbrrdquo ycedillWN hltfrac34 rFt ngR

XNmLkTYacuteYacute kzH rFt ngR yMNyenrW qcurrenM ngR dGaumlfrac12 rdquoL ytAEliglW xysS

F_rnotT HLWAcirccWN kyenGszlignotcW bethT kXGzxBR UR xBeacute XNd nbr nWYacuteYacute

YWM xysS kXGzxBR xB ytly yenNnT XNAumllW ycedilAtildeStMR nW93YacuteYacute ldquoURrdquofrac14

ldquozNDrdquo tBlOuml bxyenRregc$ QiacuteC sectY yttrgOumlmW yGparaK rdquoL (GparaK ldquoPeacuteSrdquo ldquoπρὸςrdquo)frac12

bXNGlZregc$ ymF QCcedilS QiacuteC sectY yttrgOumlmW ldquowithrdquo tBlOuml sccedilNfrac12 bGparak

secircSW ldquoURrdquofrac14ldquozNDrdquo (GparaK ldquoPeacuteSrdquo ldquoπρὸςrdquo) ycedillW btuacuteb NtildeAtilde (objective case)

bcedilqdMbT gz mStUBRNfrac14GNszlignTN AtildemlKnotL94YacuteYacute

93 TMHRt |sects yyenYecirc_sectcW XnzH mAcircFrdquoN xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildey yenNnT XNAumlsectcW hl mNfS

QCcedilSM khlt$ ytly yenNnT XNAumllW ccedilntilde bKFl WS_ AtildeLt-qsbT MKNAtildeT MNDN nW ycedilL

_Atildeqamp Y-YrdquolYacuteYacute yzH _Atildeqamp x+R mLSfrac12 timesNS lyenStyenR yflgW Sl xyss XNcopy Sl mNfS QCcedilS SsectLccediln nWYacuteYacute lMuacutel yentampatildeS xysS btqbrbT SFpermil mGdsectecircET yenRAtildeMAcirc hltfrac34lsquot$ yenRAtildeM

XNd nbbdquo zGiumlxL (yentampatildeS 281) ngR GN kyenRoumlSAcirc klrdquoS zgAElig yMNyenrW XWnT bmrdquoBbdquo SFpermil

hlt$ BOgrave XNAumlLnbbdquo nW (yentampatildeS 161iquest lrdquoS 2410)YacuteYacute bx-rdquosectY mNfS QCcedilS btimesNS 11 sectY

xLt-qsM yenlT xLnbrM wYM xmicrosectecircE HLWAcirc ylWM yenlT xYdlMYacuteYacute 94 Arndt W Gingrich F W Danker F W amp Bauer W 1996 c1979 A Greek-English Lexicon of the New

Testament and Other Early Christian Literature A Translation and Adaption of the Fourth Revised and

Augmented Edition of Walter Bauers Griechisch-deutsches Worterbuch zu den Schrift en des Neuen Testaments

und der ubrigen urchristlichen Literatur University of Chicago Press Chicago 709 bGparaK secircSWfrac12

ldquoURrdquofrac14ldquozNDrdquo (GparaK ldquoPeacuteSrdquo ldquoπρὸςrdquo) ycedillW rdquoL GNszlignTN yyenAtildeuacuteY mStecircDD ccedilntilde _QM sectY


44

bt=yenparaM timesNSfrac12 xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildey yenNnT XNAumlsectcW AtildeuacuteyW xBN bcedilAtildeuacuteyW

bmjmparaAtildeW ldquoXGzxBRrdquo sectY ytwsn mStumlMR byenntildeR (ldquoτὸν θεόνrdquo) XNAumlhM

xysS KRSegraveSN bcedilAtildeuacuteyW bhltfrac34W rFt ngR sectY WSN mStumlMbdquoN byenGdF

(ldquoθεὸςrdquo)95 nWYacuteYacute xBN bcedilAtildemlKtW ldquotampatildeSrdquo sectY WSN mStumlMR XNAumllW hl

wLDN bcedilAtildemlKtW tampatildeS sectY WSN mStumlMR bcedilAtildedRG ntildeeacutefrac12 xBAcirc wLD xND

xmicroL XNd ccediln AtildeuacuteY nbRYacuteYacute

ldquoyYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCrdquo rdquoL ytAEliglW xysS kxB UR nbR tBlOuml XRs permils hlN

OgraveY xMsectK mccedilN xYCLM ycedilL yNtildeGT n_B xsectcW96YacuteYacute y|sects xyenNAtildeNM bccediln

rdquoL ytAEliglW xysS XRs permilsfrac12 xB nW ycedilL XMnT ysectcWMYacuteYacute xB xMsectK

btAEliglbT WD WS_ wLDM xMsectK mAEligl ywLDN xMsectKnT AtildeuacuteAtildeL ycedilL NtildeGT

nW AtildesectcWYacuteYacute bx-rdquosectY khltfrac34W rFt ngR bGL yMNyenrW XWnTfrac12 xBAcirc

rdquoLfrac14wLD ytlAtildey yenNnT XNAumlsectcW nWYacuteYacute

ldquoWXt$ wXGzxBR WXt$ rdquoLrdquo

yecirclAEligcW bRmicronot MNAEligAEligT Atildel sccedilNfrac12 [lMuacutel bXNGlZfrac34W mStecircDD to among from

against about according to with regard to to the point of at the time tBlOumlxLiquest YH

ycedilccedilnWMfrac12 PeacuteS ycedillWN rdquoL ktuacuteb NtildeAtilde (objective case) WAgrave Atildel NtildeAtildeatildeC qDmWT sg

BOgrave mccedilnN GN LB YsectL]frac12 rdquol btuacuteb NtildeAtilde (objective case) sqdM GN khlT bsectY yccediln xmicrosectTN

GNszlignT XNdcedilAtildemlKT bzH mF m=rš sectY tAtildeYoslash yqrbWN xAEligpara 1 XNAumlhM ycedilktlTN

yAumlS kAumlN GparaK secircSW mUacuteFT YmlkaLmdash Daniel B Wallace Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics

An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament (Grand Rapids Zondervan 1996) A T Robertson A Grammar of

the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research (Nashville Broadman Press 1934) 883 A T

Robertson Word Pictures in the New Testament (Nashville Broadman Press 1932) 4-5 Murray J Harris

Jesus as God The New Testament Use of Theos in Reference to Jesus (Grand Rapids Baker 1992) ksectY yt-

qsW GparaK-XNGlZfrac34 sectKskNN =Meacute XnzH yGparaK secircSW mUacuteFT PeacuteS btuacuteb NtildeAtilde (objective

case) sqdM GNszlignTN XNdcedilAtildemlKT bAcircNtildeAcircnT k-quacutecW yBlYAcirc yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT WS_

timesNS 1divide1 bqAumlcedilnT t-Qicirc mgszligt$N LB YsectLYacuteYacute 95 xNAumlND yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC xBN bcedilAtildemlKtW tampatildeS (tampatildeN θεόν) XAcirc wLDN ycedilAtildemlKtW tampatildeS

(tampatildeS θεὸς) yccedilHAtilde LdaggernT xliquest YH yTRgcurrenM LdaggernT AtildemEgraveL ycedilL xStuacutesB xsectcWYacuteYacute YH lAumlS

kAumlN GparaK xNAumlCM WqT microlmntildeR ytnœ ycedilf-R _Atildeqamp nWYacuteYacute divideYn GparaK xMST YnT NtildeAtildeatildeC

(case) xlT θεὸςmdashAEliglbT NtildeAtilde (lMuacutel XGzxBR rsaquolMN Slwdd Οὕτως γὰρ ἠγάπησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν

κόσμον (timesNS 316)frac12 Θεέmdash_para NtildeAtilde (lMuacutel xMsectk xMsectk lMN tW Θεέ μου θεέ μου ἱνατί με

ἐγκατέλιπεσ (yentampatildeS 2746)frac12 θεόνmdashtuacuteb NtildeAtilde (lMuacutel byTfrac34WM gz bccedilN XGzxBRN AtildeyW

xNDM sW ylM θεὸν οὐδεὶς ἑώρακεν πώποτε (timesNS 118)frac12 θεόυmdashzRF NtildeAtilde (lMuacutel Xnccedil

yXGzxBR bG Ιδε ὁ ἀμνὸς του θεου (timesNS 129)frac12 θεόῳmdashtqAEligY NtildeAtilde (lMuacutel yqampuacuteRN lqampuacuteR

yXGzxBRN lXGzxBR S- Τὰ Καίσαρος ἀπόδοτε Καίσαρι καὶ τὰ του θεου τῳ θεῳ (yenRoumlS 1217)

AcirccWYacuteYacute NtildeAtilde brFt ngbdquo WS_ rdquol AtildelWN xsmicroK ycedilwSN XNcopy YrdquolN TRgcurrenM ycedillW_

xYdlMYacuteYacute 96 b|sects yenmN YgAEligbrvbarLN (Brooklyn Watchtower Bible and Tract Society 1993) 26-8 kQCcediluacuteN aeligC

Xy-qs yenmpermilmR (Brooklyn Watchtower Bible and Tract Society 1984) 416-17


45

ldquoκαὶ θεὸς ἠν ὁ λόγοςrdquo

wd ƒStfrac34WAcirc wd m=ršW rFt ngR XNpoundD ldquordquoLM XGzxBR

nbrrdquoYacuteYacute bxND WD WS_ xB XGzxBR btAEliglbT mLkfrac12 wLDM XGzxBR

mAEligl xMsectKnt$N AtildeSrAumlL ycedillWN XWnT bRmicronot mAcircFrdquoN xYqblMYacuteYacute

xB XGzxBR btAEliglbT mLK xysS XGzxBR mAEliglfrac12 xysSN LK

XNd xB xMsectK xAtildesszligWM ycedill satildeC ycedilAtildeqRbT yenSrcopy XNdcedilktlW nWYacuteYacute

xBN bcedilAtildemlKtW XGzxBR bcedillW rdquoL sectY ytwsn mStumlMR sntildeR wLDN

bcedilAtildemlKtW XGzxBR sectY ytwsn mStumlMR Atildelmntildebdquo wLDN kxB Atildens

xMsectK nW XNDNL AtildedRgAcircL ycedilL TNtAcirc nWYacuteYacute YH F[M StT nWYacuteYacute bGparaK

secircSW bSM ethT btlYM ldquoXGzxBRrdquo (GparaK ldquotampatildeSrdquo ldquoθεὸςrdquo) kcedillW sM ethT WSN

mStumlMR mntildebdquoM ccediln Atildelmntildebdquo yTRgcurrenM LdaggernT xAtildemEgraveMYacuteYacute XNAumlAtildeWM

bmjmparaAtildeW tampatildeS sectY WSN mStumlMR XNAumllW hl bhltfrac34WM tampatildeS sectY WSN

mStumlMR bntildeR ntildeeacute xB permils WLD nW wdcedillW TRgcurrenM YwSdN nbRYacuteYacute

bGparaK secircSW bSM ethT btlYM tampatildeS kcedillW SM ethT WSN mStumlMR

mntildebdquoM ccediln Atildelmntildebdquo yTRgcurrenM LdaggernT xAtildemEgraveMYacuteYacute lzH bAtildeNS xMST xSriacuteCN

yenQrB YOgravesectLmdash

1 XGzxBR (GparaK ldquotampatildeSrdquo ldquoθεὸςrdquo) kcedillW rdquoL ethT WSN mStumlMR uacuteYntildeR tampatildeS

ycedillW rdquoL XGzxBRN AtildemlktAEligcW bRmicronot SFpermilatildeC xlYacuteYacute XNAumlAtildeWM

bAumlS kAumlN GparaK tampatildeS ycedillW rdquoL 1315 gz AtildeHL yt-qs sccedilNfrac12 282 gz

yt-qsW WSN mStumlMR uacuteYntilderW nWYacuteYacute bzAtildeW btimesNS wNgL MpermilF xND

sectY BOgrave tampatildeS ycedillW rdquoL xpermilT gz AtildelWSN mStumlMRfrac12 XGzxBR xBN

lyenmLkT _QM sectY WsectL (timesNS 16121318)YacuteYacute

o ʼΕγένετο ἄνθρωπος ἀπεσταλμένος παρὰ θεου ὄνομα αὐτῳ ʼΙωάννηςmiddot

kXGzxBR ytsectk timesNS ytAEligl xND sW nbr

(qcurren_R 6)

o ὅσοι δὲ ἔλαβον αὐτόν ἔδωκεν αὐτοις ἐξουσίαν τέκνα θεου γενέσθαι τοις πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτου

ltqblTAcirc bSNtilde sectmnT hl GN yXGzxBR LiacuteC ymccedilN mBT sEgravecW

(qcurren_R 12)

o οἳ οὐκ ἐξ αἱμάτων οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος ἀνδρὸς ἀλλʼ ἐκ θεου ἐγεννήθησαν

XnzHM kXGzxBR twlCcedil XNcopyfrac12 kdM wYM k|U frdquoD wYM kwND frdquoD xLtwlCcedilM

(qcurren_R 13)

o θεὸν οὐδεὶς ἑώρακεν πώποτεmiddot μονογενὴς θεὸς ὁ ὢν εἰς τὸν κόλπον του πατρὸς ἐκεινος ἐξηγήσατο

kegraveWNM XGzxBRN Atildey yenNM ylMiquest ngr GN bxB QF AtildelW xNDAtilde Ldeg yccedilnW xMsectK XRs

gl-W

(qcurren_R 18)


46

2 tampatildeS kcedillW rdquoL ethT WSN mStumlMR XAtildel XNmicro tampatildeS ycedillW rdquoL sYEgraveNN

ycedilAtildemlKTbT iumlnot xl (2oumleacuteNegraveS 44)YacuteYacute

o ἐν οἱς ὁ θεὸς του αἰωνος τούτου ἐτύφλωσεν τὰ νοήματα των ἀπίστων

yzH rsaquolM xMsectK yyenAtildeMnTN satildeC LbAcirc xuacuteWeacutexL

(2oumleacuteNegraveS 44)

3 bAumlS kAumlN GparaK tampatildeS ycedillW rdquoL btuacutebnT WlOuml WSN mStumlMR yllW

(anarthrous predicate) xMST gz BOgrave nWYacuteYacute bxMSt$M iumlnotatildeC sectY tampatildeS ycedillW rdquoL

yttrgOumlmW XGzxBR tBlOuml nW (yenRoumlS 1227iquest timesNS 854iquest ethLugraveSdaggerS 213iquest

BpermilWAtildeN 1116iquest XNAumlhM eacuteraquo 833)YacuteYacute

o οὐκ ἔστιν θεὸς νεκρων ἀλλὰ ζώντωνmiddot πολὺ πλανασθε

yAtildeecircN XNcopy yNtildenotN xMsectK xYdlMiquest Bz XytuacuteuacutenotCh nW

(yenRoumlS 1227)

o ἔστιν ὁ πατήρ μου ὁ δοξάζων με ὃν ὑμεις λέγετε ὅτι θεὸς ἡμων ἐστιν

ycedilAtildekBr GN XAcircNt xMsectmicroCN yMTlT xAEligtamp nW

(timesNS 854)

o θεὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ἐνεργων ἐν ὑμιν καὶ τὸ θέλειν καὶ τὸ ἐνεργειν ὑπὲρ της εὐδοκίας

XNd bmacr frdquoCcedil mflGNAcirc yenDrGN bXAcircNt WS_ ycedilpermil XGzxBR nWAcirc

(ethLugraveSdaggerS 213)

o διὸ οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται αὐτοὺς ὁ θεὸς θεὸς ἐπικαλεισθαι αὐτωνmiddot

SlzH XGzxBR xMsectmicrocW tBlOuml l-permil xsectfrM

(BpermilWAtildeN 1116)

o τίς ἐγκαλέσει κατὰ ἐκλεκτων θεου θεὸς ὁ δικαιωνmiddot

XGzxBR ymrEgravecWN satildeC ycedilkS yennWiquest ycedilAtilde[DQ XGzxBR nW

(eacuteraquo 833)

4 tampatildeS ycedillW rdquoL WSN mStumlMR tkTlOumlT XNAumlhM uacuteYktlW bxND rFt ngR

WS_ _QM sectY yecirclAEligcW iumlnotatildeC xlYacuteYacute ngR GN yWSN mStumlMR mntildebdquoM ccediln

Atildelmntildebdquo yTRgcurrenM LdaggernT xsectmEgraveM (lMuacutel timesNS 32iquest 133iquest eacuteraquo 121iquest 1tslOumlNqamp

19iquest BpermilWAtildeN 914iquest eacuteraquo 121iquest 1rsquo_eacuteS 411-12)YacuteYacute

o Ῥαββί οἴδαμεν ὅτι ἀπὸ θεου ἐλήλυθας διδάσκαλοςmiddot οὐδεὶς γὰρ δύναται ταυτα τὰ σημεια ποιειν ἃ σὺ ποιεις

ἐὰν μὴ ᾐ ὁ θεὸς μετʼ αὐτου

rbiquest XGzxBR kXRs UR kccediln sW bqR xNt yMnotdRUcWN notMpermilecircE MLKegraveC yenNM

lAtildedRg SlyenYCLfrac12 kXGzxBR zND ymEgraveH mMHR XNd ccedilNH XAcircWrdquolN xlW

(timesNS 32)

o εἰδὼς ὅτι πάντα ἔδωκεν αὐτῳ ὁ πατὴρ εἰς τὰς χειρας καὶ ὅτι ἀπὸ θεου ἐξηλθεν καὶ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ὑπάγει

xB hlN ngR b|LEgraven |R XNAumldrglTfrac12 kXGzxBR XNd tsectkAcirc wd XGzxBRM

XNdcedilmlS Wouml


47

(timesNS 133)

o διότι γνόντες τὸν θεὸν οὐχ ὡς θεὸν ἐδόξασαν

XGzxBN bAtildeWq$M XNmicrofrac12 XNd XGzxBRnt$ xsectkbbdquoTMiquest

(eacuteraquo 121)

5 bAumlS kAumlN GparaK tampatildeS ycedillW n-sect rdquoL _QM sectY yecirclW 1315 gz nWYacuteYacute kzH WS_

rdquol stfrac34 xyenLKTN lyenmLkT xgLGlOumlT sectY yecirclW SDST gz BOgrave nWiquest[YH yenlT

hlT kmegrave (2) yenlT nW (ecircRAtildeT |permil 743iquest 1222iquest 286iquest 2oumleacuteNegraveS 44iquest ethLugraveSdaggerS

319iquest 2tslOumlNqamp 27)YacuteYacute

bx-rdquosectY tampatildeS kcedillW rdquoL ethT yWSN mStumlMR mntildeRM ccediln AtildelmntildeR

xNAumlCM yTRgcurrenM LdaggernT xAtildeSkTLMYacuteYacute SlzH ym-bqEAtilde GNB DRJTAcirc ldquoyYDaggerecirc

MSKeacuteCrdquo btimesNS 11 sectY bƒStfrac34W rFt ngR WS_ yt-qsWAcirc xysSN

ycedilAtildeuacuteyW XGzxBR xBN kcedilAtildeuacuteyW XGzxBR Atildens TRgcurrenM xlW lyenlT

ycedilAtildeqRbT yWSN mStumlMR yenSrcopyfrac12 yGparaK secircSWN xmicroyumlD bF[M AtildesectgAcirczb

nW97YacuteYacute xB XGzxBR btAEliglbT WD WS_ xysSM XGzxBR mAEliglfrac12 xB

F[M xMsectK XNd ccediln hl wLDM F[M xMsectK mccedilnN ycedilAtildesrG_ nWYacuteYacute

notecircqE ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo mMHR yccedilnTN AacutevD k bRAcircRDN =Meacute

xNAumlND ybt KRStEAtildent$ xStyenparaatildeCfrac12 ƒStfrac34W rFt ngR mtRgOumlM AtildelbTfrac12

ldquordquoLM XGzxBR nbRrdquo tBlOuml uacuteYccedilNfrac12 ldquoXGzxBRM rdquoL nbRrdquo tBlOuml nW ycedilL

NtildeGT xsectcW98YacuteYacute KFl bzH mLK mtRgOumlM xlbT ycedillbT yngr mldivideT IacuteYAuml

ldquoXGzxBRM rdquoL nbRrdquo tBlOuml kttrgOumlmfrac12 xysS xB nW ycedillWN yDRJt$N

mrt XMnT ycedilAtilde[AcircsectcW SlmssectcW XNAumlhM ldquoXGzxBRM rdquoL nbRrdquo tBlOuml

kttrgOumlmfrac12 hltfrac34WN rFt ngr bcedilUacuterR mLk xBAcirc wLD hlT xmicrosectT

mccedilAcirccWN AtildeSwGDLAcircL bcedilL ST qmR nWYacuteYacute YH GN bhlT bY MKNAtildeT StT nWYacuteYacute YWMmdash (1) KFl ldquoXGzxBR rdquoL nbRrdquo tBlOuml btrgOumlMM XNmicro

xysS xMsectK mccedilnN XNcopy xB mccedilnN lAtildemlKT xYCLMYacuteYacute (2) KFl

ldquoXGzxBR rdquoL nbRrdquo tBlOuml uacuteYccedilNfrac12 ldquordquoLM XGzxBR nbR tBlOumlrdquo mtRgOumlM

AtildelbT bY MKNAtildeT ldquordquoLrdquo AEliglbT NtildeAtilde (Subjective) ldquoXGzxBRrdquo ycedillW rdquoL

dGauml tuacuteb AEliglbT NtildeAtilde (Predicate Nominative) Slccediln nWYacuteYacute (3) XNd hltfrac34W rFt

ngRfrac12 ldquordquoL bXGzxBR zNDrdquo knbr (ldquoccedil lOumlmacrS poundN PeacuteS egraveN tampatildeNrdquo ldquoὁ λόγος ἠν πρὸς

τὸν θεόνrdquo) XRs permils rdquoL mccedilN xYCLMYacuteYacute

97 btampatildeS (ldquoθεὸςrdquo) ethT WSN mStumlMR sntildeR (the God) XNAumlhM WSN mStumlMR kll (a god) tBlOuml YtRgOumlM ycedillW yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC NtildeGT TKKL kccediln DRJt$ TLQAcirc TNgt ycedilAEligl hlT xyenLKTN ycedilAtildemLK xMsectK xLAtildeM xysS KRSegraveS kbRmicronot xyenLKT mmicrokL ycedilg xMsectK nW wdcedilL DMAumlraquo mWsCcedil yGD YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute bSM ethT WSN mStumlMR kll (a) wYM (an) tBlOuml

YtRgOumlM ycedilAEligL kccedilnfrac12 WSN mStumlMR ylsectcW SaumlC btimesNS wNgL MpermilF xND sectY BOgrave XNmicro bBsup2T ycedilgszlig Slcedilgszlig DRJt$ AEliguacutetmW ymF QCcedilS TRgcurrenM XNAumlhM yGparaK xNtR lnyR YHN G AEliglmktl tuacuteSegravexL yenlT nW [lMuacutelmdash ζωὴmdasha life (qcurren 4) θεουmdash a god (qcurren 6) ʼΙωάννηςmdash a

John (qcurren 6) θεὸνmdash a god (qcurren 18) XnzH SaumlC WSN mStumlMR bllbT hnnot AtildeLtwsn mStumlMRN

ycedilAtildemlKt$T uacuteYntildeRAEligcW yttrgOumlNtildebT MKNAtildeT MNDN nW]YacuteYacute 98 David K Bernard Oneness and Trinity AD 100-300 The Doctrine of God in Ancient Christian Writings

(Hazelwood Mo Word Aflame Press 1991) 79-80


48

btpermil qcurren_R hlT sectY AtildelWN ysecircSW NtildeGT bm-nM bccedilN zRzR xDRgN XNmLktWYacuteYacute bƒStfrac34W rFt ngR sectY ldquoXGzxBRrdquo (GparaK ldquotampatildeSrdquo ldquoθεὸςrdquo) XAcirc

ldquordquoLrdquo (GparaK ldquolOumlmacrSrdquo ldquoλόγοςrdquo) ycedillT hlT SaumlC bAEliglbT NtildeAtilde tqM-ecircLYacuteYacute XnzHM

hlT SaumlC ldquonbRrdquo (GparaK ldquopoundNrdquo ldquoἠνrdquo) bcedillW ymccedilN G|99 ytAtildeAtildez AcirccWYacuteYacute YH

bccedilnbT hnnotfrac12 yTfrac34W rdquoL AEliglbT NtildeAtilde nW yTfrac34WS rdquoL tuacuteb NtildeAtilde nW ycedillW gcurrenAumlY XNAacuteT lwsN YCsectLYacuteYacute yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN [ˆFTfrac12 ldquoXGzxBRrdquo (GparaK

ldquotampatildeSrdquo ldquoθεὸςrdquo) ycedillW SM bmjmparaAtilde sectY SlcedilgAcirc ldquordquoLrdquo (GparaK ldquolOumlmacrSrdquo ldquoλόγοςrdquo)

ycedillW SM dGauml kG bldquosect Slcedilgfrac12 TRgcurrenNtildeM YHNn xmicroyumlD tkTlOuml mqm_

xlbT btimesC AcirccWYacuteYacute xNAumlC yngr mldivideT IacuteYAuml lyenGszligT sAEligL yGparakN secircSW

bXNGlZfrac34W secircSW G lmrdquoszligT ytdrg _rT XNcopyfrac12 yGparaKN secircSW xmicroyumlD

ytktl xYdlMYacuteYacute bXNGlZfrac34 secircSW yrdquosectT QdM tktL yTRgcurrenM LdaggernT

AtildemEgraveL100YacuteYacute yGparaK secircSW GN kzH bBz ytly nWYacuteYacute

XNGAumlAtildeW yrFt ngbdquo AEliglbT ldquoXGzxBRrdquo (GparaK ldquotampatildeSrdquo ldquoθεὸςrdquo) YhN wYS

ldquordquoLrdquo (GparaK ldquolOumlmacrSrdquo ldquoλόγοςrdquo) ycedillW gcurrenAumlY XLAEligT lAtildeg ycedilClW byTfrac34W rdquoL sectY

WSN mStumlMR xl bcedillW yGparaK ysecircSW G nWYacuteYacute ldquordquoLrdquo WSN mStumlMR (GparaK

ldquoccedil lOumlmacrSrdquo ldquoὁ λόγοςrdquo) AtildelW sccedilNfrac12 ldquoXGzxBRrdquo (GparaK ldquotampatildeSrdquo ldquoθεὸςrdquo) GN WSN

mStumlMR ylWMYacuteYacute SlzH yrFt ngbdquo AEliglbTfrac12 ldquoXGzxBRrdquo uacuteYccedilN ldquordquoLrdquo nWYacuteYacute

SlzH rFt ngbdquo mtRgOumlM AtildelbTfrac12 ldquoXGzxBRM rdquoL nbRrdquo tBlOuml uacuteYccedilNfrac12

ldquordquoLM XGzxBR nbRrdquo tBlOuml nWYacuteYacute rdquol bzH mLK mtRgOumlM xlbT bcedillW

gcurrenAumlY sectY ydivideYn GparaK IgraveNIgrave MhpermilN kNtildel LB YSyenNtildebnotL101YacuteYacute

bzH xmicroyumlDfrac12 ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo yngr mldivideTfrac12 ldquoTMHRt zlQrdquo

ldquoXGzxBR mNfS nWrdquo (ldquoπνευμα ὁ θεόςrdquo timesNS 424) ycedillWNfrac12 ldquomNfS

XGzxBR nWrdquo BlW YtrgcurrenNtildeLN YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute MAcircLAEligTMfrac12 ldquoXGzxBR FQR nWrdquo

(Ὁ θεὸς ἀγάπη ἐστίν 1timesNS 416) ycedillWN KFLfrac12 ldquoFQR XGzxBR nWrdquo XNAumlhM

ldquordquoLM |U ccedilnrdquo (Καὶ ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο timesNS 114) ycedillWNfrac12 ldquo|UM rdquoL ccedilnrdquo

BlW ltrgcurrenNtildeLN YCsectlYacuteYacute yqmbdquoLN secircSW YfQDsectcecircsect

ymjmparaAtildeW rFt ngR xysS zsectlyenecircE mccedilnN ycedilAtildeuacuteY sccedilNfrac12 yen-rdquolAtilde

hltfrac34W rFt ngR xysS kxB ytly yenNnT XNAumllW AtildeStMpermilLiquest ƒStfrac34W

rFt ngR dGauml rdquol ytAEliglW xysS XRs permils xMsectK XNd ccediln AtildeSrGEgraveLYacuteYacute timesNS 1divide1 yxysSN zsectlyenecircE mccedilnNfrac12 kxB ytly yenNnT AtildelW xmicroL XNdccediln XNAumlhM

XRs permils XNd xB F[M xMsectK XNd ccediln AtildeStMpermilLYacuteYacute

99 verb to belinking verbcopula 100 lMuacutel ycedilktlTN rFt ngeacuteC AtildewAumlDbdquomdash 1) You are here 2) Are you here 3) Here you are 1)

Abebe hits the car 2) The car hits Abebe yrdquosectt$ QdM tktL yTRgcurrenM LdaggernT XNAumlm- LB YsectLYacuteYacute 101 Murray J Harris Jesus as God 60-61 A T Robertson Word Pictures in the New Testament (Nashville

Broadman Press 1932) 4-5


49

2) timesNS 118 WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE

ldquoθεὸν οὐδεὶς ἑώρακεν πώποτεmiddot μονογενὴς θεὸς ὁ ὢν εἰς τὸν κόλπον

του πατρὸς ἐκεινος ἐξηγήσατοrdquo

o ldquoXSk sup2Ecirc DrS XGzxBRN AtildeyW yenNM ylMiquest ngR GN bxB QF AtildelW xNDAtilde Ldeg

yccedilnW xMsectK XRs gl-Wrdquo ((y1993 xAumls mdbfrac34 TRgcurrenMmdashxNtRAcircgtAcircL mF QCcedilS

yen~bR)

o ldquoXGzxBRN kegrave AtildeyW ylMYacuteYacute xND LJ AEligAEligt$ +N Atildel XRs tAcircgrbTrdquo (y1879


o ldquolXGzxBRs xLiuml zRXtimes GNtildepermil xsect wLD ecircD zhlOuml WSt n xBh XWt$ ngrnrdquo

(Luacuten GXZmdashyen~br mF QCcedilS zxTtimesugraveAtilde)

o ldquomcampM bccedilN XGzxbRN AtildeyW xND SNmicro ylMiquest bxAEligt$ QF Atildel xND Ldeg XRs

trkWrdquo (y1954 TRgcurrenMmdashyxTtimesugraveAtilde mF QCcedilS yen~bR)

o ldquoXGzxBRN AtildeyW kegrave yenNM ylMiquest YhN XNcopy bXGzxBR xB zND AtildelW xND

Ldeg BOgrave gLotildenotLrdquo (y1980 xAumlS TRgcurrenMmdashxTtimesugraveAtilde mF QCcedilS yen~bR)

bSIacuteT LNaumlGTbT microsBnW yGparaK d KnotAEligT UR xBeacute ycedilyumldW xAumls

mdbfrac34 TRgcurrenM nW102YacuteYacute bzH rFt ngR WS_frac12 ymjmparaAtildeW tampatildeS (θεὸν) xBN

ycedilAtildeuacuteY sccedilNfrac12 hltfrac34W tampatildeS (θεὸς) GN wLDN ycedilAtildemlKT nWYacuteYacute

ldquoaumlntildegnSrdquo (ldquoμονογενὴςrdquo) ycedillW yGparaK rdquoLfrac12 bAumlS kAumlN GparaKfrac12 blrdquoS wNgL

ƒST gz (7divide12iquest 8divide42iquest 9divide38)frac12 bBpermilWAtildeN mLXKT xND gz (11divide17)frac12 btimesNS

wNgL xpermilT gz (1divide1418iquest 3divide1618)frac12 bxNdfrac34 timesNS mLXKT xND gz (4divide9)frac12

bx-rdquosectY z- gz yt-qs sccedilNfrac12 btlY btimesNS wNgL WS_ rdquol yt-qsWfrac12

xysS kxB UR AtildelWN GNszlignT lyenmLkT nWYacuteYacute YWM xysS yXGzxBR

xNCcedilAcirc Bcfrac34W yAEligRY LJ mccedilnN lyenuacuteyT nWYacuteYacute

yxyenRfrac34 ymF QCcedilS TRgcurrenaumlCfrac12 ldquoaumlntildegnSrdquo (ldquoμονογενὴςrdquo) ycedillWN yGparaK

rdquoLfrac12 ldquoxND Ldegrdquo wYM ldquoxNDAtilde LJrdquo sl nW ytrgOumlNtildeTYacuteYacute ldquoaumlntildegnSrdquo ycedillW

yGparaK rdquoLfrac12 ldquoxND Ldegrdquo wYM ldquoxNDAtilde LJrdquo tBlOuml bxyenRfrac34 ymF QCcedilS

TRgcurrenaumlC sectY yttrgOumlMbT bY MKNAtildeT rdquolfrac12 ldquoaumlntildeSrdquo (ldquoμουνοςrdquoldquoμωνοςrdquo yenlTM

102 xSdAcircqEW gcurrenAumlYfrac12 bQRb ldquoyYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCrdquo bxyenRfrac34 IgraveNIgrave ytrgOumlNtildeTfrac12 ldquoyxAumls rsaquolMrdquo TRgcurrenM

YHN KFLfrac12 ldquoxNDAtilde Ldeg yccedilnW xMsectKrdquo sl tRgcurrenmWnotLYacuteYacute DRJt$ YHN KFL bzH mLk XNAumltrgcurrenM MKNAtildeT yccedilnWfrac12 XJG tumlyenn ycedilAEligl yGparaK QiacuteC KFlN bzH mLK SsectqrbT XNAumlhM yDRJt$ yXNGlZfrac34 QJ KFlN bzH mLK SltrgOumlmW nWYacuteYacute _NnotecircEAcirc tumlyennnT AtildesectcW yGparaK QiacuteC KFlN bzH mLK tRgcurrenmWT uacutelfrac12 yxTtimesugraveAtilde mF QCcedilS yen~bR AtildeStrgOumlyencW yxyenRfrac34 QiacuteC GN ldquoxMsectKrdquo ycedillWN rdquoL xGDfWfrac14xgcurrenDlW tRgcurrenmecircLYacuteYacute YH TLQ StT nWYacuteYacute

YH gcurrenAumlYfrac12 yxTtimesugraveAtilde mF QCcedilS yen~bR bcedilAtildeuacuteTyencW ymF TRgcurrenaumlC sectYfrac12 y1954 TRgcurrenM

kFtfrac34 tXntilde XNAumldrg ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute


50

ldquoxNDrdquofrac14 ldquoBcfrac34rdquoldquon-sectrdquo) XAcirc ldquogAcircaringrdquo (ldquoγεννάωrdquo yenlTM LJfrac14twsectJ) kcedillW rdquoL

ytecircqr ~Br rdquoL nW ycedilL ytuacuteuacutet GNsup2b btRUgraveMAtilden zND Ssectdr nWYacuteYacute

ldquoaumlntildegnSrdquo ycedillW _MR rdquoLfrac12 ldquoaumlntildeSrdquo XAcirc ldquogAcircaringrdquo kcedillT rdquosectT tecircQeacute

ldquoxNDAtilde LJrdquo ycedillWN TRgcurrenM ycedilwKL uacuteYccedilNfrac12 ldquoaumlntildeSrdquo (ldquoμουνοςrdquoldquoμωνοςrdquo ldquoxNDrdquofrac14

ldquoBcfrac34rdquofrac14ldquon-sectrdquo) XAcirc ldquogntildeSrdquo (ldquoγένοςrdquo103 yenlTM ldquozRrdquofrac14ldquoAEligRYrdquofrac14 ldquobt sBrdquo)frac12 kcedillT

rdquosectT ytgszligfrac12 ldquoLdagger AEligRYrdquo wYM ldquoxND YnT AEligRYrdquo ycedilL TRgcurrenM wKlOuml btgAcirc

ycedilnbB _MR rdquoL nW104YacuteYacute

bzH MNAEligB sectY Atildel yGparaK d KnotAEligT btwsn drcopyM bccedilN YlAtildeAtildelYacuteYacute bRmicronot yGparaK

d KnotAEligT ldquoxND YnT AEligRY AtildelW LJrdquo (ldquoaumlntildegnS htimesSrdquo ldquoμονογενὴς υἱὸςrdquo) ycedill

sccedilNfrac12 XJG _NnotecircEAcirc tumlyenn ycedilbl yGparaK d KnotAEligT dGaumlfrac12 ldquoxND YnT AEligRY

AtildelW xMsectKrdquo (ldquoaumlntildegnS tampatildeSrdquo ldquoμονογενὴς θεὸςrdquo) YsectlYacuteYacute ldquoykNG jMS TRgcurrenMrdquo

ymjmparaAtildeWN xmicroyumlD bmktl MKNAtildeT XRsN mrT xDRgW yttrgOumlNtildeT

yxyenRfrac34 QiacuteCfrac12 bkNG jMS TRgcurrenM sectY ycedilnotyW CGR YnotYAEligcW zND yGD

ccedilntildexLYacuteYacute xAumls ykNG jMS TRgcurrenM (NKJV) YHN StTt$N xšgtlOuml bqRBM kzAtilde

bldquosect yxTtimesugraveAtilde ymF QCcedilS yen~bR AtildeuacutetmW y1980 TRgcurrenMM ccediln bldquosect tšgtlOuml

ywEgraveW TRgcurrenM YHN StT yenrM AtildelmOgravel ycedilAtildeSgRM nWYacuteYacute

hlM yAumlS kAumlN GparaK lrdquoWNT YHN ykNG jMS TRgcurrenM xmpermilr_

TKKL nW ycedilL XMnT ylsectcWM yenlT ycedilOgraveL sccedilN105 yKRSegraveSN xMsectKnT

x_BqW bmrdquowyencW bSIacuteT ycedilnotwq$T ldquoyYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCrdquo XNmicrofrac12 yxAumlS rsaquolcedilt$

TRgcurrenM (NWT) bmAEligL bcedilnotwqW yXNGlZfrac34 ymF QCcedilS TRgcurrenM106 XNAumlhM

yxNtR lnyR TRgcurrenM107 sectYfrac12 ldquoxNDAtilde LJ yccedilnW xMsectKrdquo (ldquoaumlntildegnS tampatildeSrdquo

ldquoμονογενὴς θεὸςrdquo) ycedillTN _NnotecircE yGparaK d KnotAEligTN tkTlecircLYacuteYacute

103 ldquocopynSrdquo ycedillW ysecttEN rdquoL kzH rdquoL ytqAuml sccedilNfrac12 ldquocopyNrdquo ycedillW yXNGlZfrac34 rdquoL dGauml kzH

ysecttEN rdquoL ytgszlig nWYacuteYacute 104

Arndt W Gingrich F W Danker F W amp Bauer W 1996 c1979 A Greek-English lexicon of the New

Testament and other early Christian literature A translation and adaption of the fourth revised and augmented

edition of Walter Bauers Griechisch-deutsches Worterbuch zu den Schrift en des Neuen Testaments und der

ubrigen urchristlichen Literatur (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1979) 527 Henry G Liddell and

Robert Scott comps A Greek-English Lexicon rev Henry S Jones and Roderick McKenzie et al 9th ed

(Oxford Oxford University Press 1940) 1144 James H Moulton and George Milligan The Vocabulary of

the Greek New Testament (reprint Grand Rapids Eerdmans 1976) 417 lzH nW yNew International

Version (NIV) TRgcurrenM xNCcedilAcirc Bcfrac34W (one and only) sL ytrgOumlmWYacuteYacute 105 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place 327 106 New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures With References (Brooklyn Watchtower Bible and Tract

Society 1984) 107 The Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures (Brooklyn Watchtower Bible and Tract

Society 1985)


51

XJG _NnotecircE ycedilAEligl hlT yshypErS d KnotAEligT P66 XAcirc P75 XNAumlhM divideAacuteKS

uacuteYAcirctEkSfrac12 divideAacuteKS ŠtEmicronS XNAumlhM llOumlC _NnotWAtildeN yGparaK d KnotAEligTfrac12 ldquoxNDAtilde

LJ yccedilnW xMsectKrdquo (ldquoaumlntildegnS tampatildeSrdquo ldquoμονογενὴς θεὸςrdquo) YsectlYacuteYacute kzH bt=yenpara bRmicronot

ybt KRStEN xbW lMuacutel qlraquoNotildeSfrac12 xRgNSfrac12 xWuacuteBtimesSfrac12 AEligSLtimesSfrac12 ynuacuteW

gOumlRgOumlRtimesSfrac12 qampRlOumlS ldquoxNDAtilde LJ yccedilnW xMsectKrdquo (ldquoaumlntildegnS tampatildeSrdquo ldquoμονογενὴς θεὸςrdquo)

ycedillWN baeligOgravecW WS_ bq_not -QsecircL108YacuteYacute

xSgpermilcedilW gcurrenAumlY xBN ycedilAtildemlKtWMfrac12 ldquotampatildeSrdquo (ldquotampatildeNrdquo ldquoθεὸνrdquo) ccediln wLDN

ycedilAtildemlKtW ldquotampatildeSrdquo (ldquotampatildeNrdquo ldquoθεὸςrdquo) wSN mStumlMR ylsectcW mccediln nWYacuteYacute bqcurren_R

1 sectY WSN mStumlMR AtildelbT ldquotampatildeSrdquo (ldquoτὸν θεόνrdquo) xBN ycedilAtildemlKT sccedilNfrac12 WSN

mStumlMR yllbT ldquotampatildeSrdquo (ldquoθεὸςrdquo) dGauml wLDN AtildemlKT nbRYacuteYacute ldquoym-bqEAtilde GNB

DRJTrdquo bqcurren_R 1 sectY ldquobtampatildeS ethT WSN mStumlMR Atildelmntildebdquo wLD kxB yennsN

AtildeuacuteAtildeLrdquo ycedilL xStMHeacute bntilderWMfrac12 bqcurren_R 18 sectY xBN bcedilAtildemlKtW ldquotampatildeSrdquo

(ldquoθεὸνrdquo) sectY WSN mStumlMR XNdllW XAcircAtildelNYacuteYacute YH x+R QT XNmicro yMNyenrW

mrnotecircEW qcurrenM ngRfrac12 btampatildeS ethT WSN mStumlMR mntildebdquoM ccediln Atildelmntildebdquo xNAumlCM

yTRgcurrenM LdaggernT XNdyenAtildemEgrave nW109YacuteYacute

yXGzxBR xNDAtilde LJ yccedilnW xysS rsaquolyenT kmf-permilcW bethT xMsectK

XNd ccedilnW hl (timesNS 11)frac12 TSBXT ccediln xBN lmtrKfrac14lmtNtN (ἐξηγήσατο)

bmEgravebTM gz xMsectK nW (timesNS 118)YacuteYacute

yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN [ˆFTfrac12 xysS sW xB dGauml bxysS WS_ Atildel

xMsectK nW ycedilL TMHRT XNAumlsectcW YnotwrdquoLYacuteYacute ldquo[xysS] ymldivideT xmicroL XNAumlccedilN

ytzUj sW nWrdquo110YacuteYacute ldquoYHM kmjmparaAtildeW bXGzxBR WS_ yngr yYwT rdquoLfrac12

bDNGL yenRAtildeM yeniN GBegrave sW ccedilntilde ktwld bldquosectfrac12 bzH [F[M sW bccedilnW xmicroL]

WS_ xB tecircigrave tgl-rdquo111YacuteYacute ldquoxB bmldivideTnt$ kwLD YbLEgraveLAcirc KRSegraveS

kXGzxBR xB UR bxND xmicroL Sltecircd F[M xMsectKAcirc sW XNd ccediln

kzHXAcircgpermilGEgravelNrdquo112YacuteYacute YH xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccW XNAumlhM xB xMsectK wLD

dGauml xB ytlb-bT wYM ylbsW |U nW ycedillW TMHRnotcWfrac12 kzH KFL

xStMHeacute UR bq_not YrdquorAcircLYacuteYacute bzH KFL xB xMsectK XNd ccedilnW hl xBN

ytrkW wLDM xMsectK mccediln XNAumlhM btimesNS wNgL mGbAtilde KFL bGL_ XNd

108 Bruce M Metzger A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament 2nd ed (Stuttgart United Bible

Societies 1994) 169-70 109 ldquobtampatildeSrdquo ethT yWSN mStumlMR mntildeRM ccediln AtildelmntildeR xNAumlCM yTRgcurrenM LdaggernT XNdyenAtildemEgravefrac12 kMBparaJ daggernbRStEN =Meacute Sm _R yrsaquolyenCN daggernvRStEatildeC bdivideYn GparaK secircSW sectY yUacuteucircTN mUacuteFT mmLkT YOgravesectLYacuteYacute xNDM ysecircSW mFmdashbAtildeNS yzH mF [êthatildeC XSkcedilAtildeWq$T DrSmdashldquobtampatildeSrdquo ethT WSN mStumlMR mntildebdquoM ccediln Atildelmntildebdquo xNAumlCM yTRgcurrenm lW_ xAtildeSkTLMYacuteYacute 110 tKl yenRAtildeM gsup2iquest xysSN yenN YlnotL (1978) g 12YacuteYacute bQNF AtildelWN xY=MRMYacuteYacute 111 Zn kyenhiquest g 41YacuteYacute 112 Zn kyenhiquest g 42YacuteYacute


52

tmlkTnW xysS yXGzxBR xB LJ XNd ccediln hl (timesNS 11418) XRs permils

xMsectK (timesNS 1118) mccediln YHN yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN TMHRT nIacuteqamp

AtildedRgecircLYacuteYacute


ldquoἀπεκρίθη Θωμας καὶ εἰπεν αὐτῳ Ὁ κύριός μου καὶ ὁ θεός μουrdquo

o ldquoegraveyenSMfrac12 lsquognotuumliquest xMsectkMrsquo xlWrdquo (y1993 xAumls mdbfrac34 TRgcurrenMmdashxNtRAcircgtAcircL mF

QCcedilS yen~bR)

o ldquoegraveyenSMmdash gnotuuml xMsectk BlOuml mlslTrdquo (y1954 TRgcurrenMmdashyxTtimesugraveAtilde mF QCcedilS yen~bR)

o ldquowxW|x egraveyenS wYblOuml XGzXy wxMsectKyrdquo (Luacuten GXZmdashyen~br mF QCcedilS zxTtimesugraveAtilde)

o ldquoegraveyenSM mls xlMYacuteYacute gnotuuml xMsectkMrdquo (y1879 TRgcurrenMmdashz BparatEgt xND aeligparaN AEligYBL

ƒuacuteYtamp)

o ldquoegraveyenSM lsquognotuuml xMsectkrsquo sL mlslTrdquo (y1980 xAumlS TRgcurrenMmdashxTtimesugraveAtilde mF QCcedilS

yen~bR)

ytimesNS wNgL 21 MpermilaeligC AtildelT bccedilNM XNmicrofrac12 ywNgl ytUacutefbT bY

sectyen ycedilgszligW bMpermilF 20 ym=ršatildec$ qcurren_eacuteC sectY nWYacuteYacute egraveyenS xysSNfrac12 ldquognotuumlAcirc

xMsectkrdquo (qcurren_R 28) slWfrac12 timesNS ywNgl qAumlyenY sectyenfrac12 ldquoxysS XRs KRSegraveSfrac12

yXGzxBR LJ XNd ccediln XNDnotMn zNDfrac12 xMAcircChM bSNtilde YwT

XNAumlccedilNsectCh YH taeligxLrdquo (qcurren_R 31) sL wNglN yUacutefbTN sectyen YgLUacuteLYacuteYacute

btimesNS wNgL mGbAtilde KFL bGL_ XNd tmlkTnW xysS yXGzxBR xB

LJ XNd ccediln hl (timesNS 11418) XRs permils xMsectK nW (timesNS 1118)YacuteYacute

timesNS 2028 btmlkt blrdquoWNt$ zND xNAumlCM KRKR Atildel mccediln BOgrave

uacuteYccedilN YH xmlmicrokTfrac12 ldquobGparaK IgraveNIgrave lrdquoWNTfrac12 yGparaK IgraveNIgraveN wd tlAtildedagger IgraveNIgraveatildeC

ycediltrgcurrenNtilde tRUgraveMAtildeNfrac12 bAumlS kAumlN yTRUgraveraquo mUacuteFT XNAumlhM bmF QCcedilS

tRUgraveMAtildeN zND xNAumlCM LdaggernT ylMrdquo113YacuteYacute bx-rdquosectY ldquoegraveyenSfrac12 gnotuumlAcirc xMsectk AtildelW

lxB nW ycedill MhpermilNN yenGszligT XJG xAumlUC nWrdquo114YacuteYacute lzH ecircnfrac34W MKNAtildeT

ldquoegraveyenSM gnotuuml xMsectkM xlWfrac14BlOuml mlslTrdquo (qcurren_R 28) ycedillW glUacutefrac12 egraveyenS

xMsectkAcirc gnotuuml AtildelW lyenN nW ycedillWN gcurrenAumlY xšcedil XNAumlYccedilN xDRmacrnotLYacuteYacute timesNS

wNglN bzgbbT wQT bzH YnT mLK yGlsiumlCN NGGR bq_not bm_qS

yenQrbN bbRmicronot MNAEligAEligT sectY bGL mmLkT XNCsectlN (timesNS 148-50iquest 218-19iquest

339-1027iquest 4101317iquest 511iquest 6262943iquest 7162152iquest 8143948iquest 91120303436iquest

113 Harris Jesus as God 110 114 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place 142


53

1230iquest 137iquest 1423iquest 1830iquest 2028)115YacuteYacute YH Ynt$ yxtpermilrK SLT bBlY kAumlN

mUacuteFT btlY dGauml bmf uacuteNtildexLAcirc bmf ng|T WS_ bBsup2T ycedilg

sccedilNfrac12 bAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT GN blrdquoS 1315iquest 1720 sectY BOgrave XNcopyfrac12 bllOumlc$

yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT sectY xYgM116YacuteYacute YH dGauml egraveyenS bq_not xysSNfrac12 ldquognotuumlAcirc

xMsectkrdquo BlOuml m_permilt$N ycedilAtildemlKT nWYacuteYacute

ym-bqEAtilde GNB ymF QCcedilSAcirc yTpermilKT yen~bR bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW yYDaggerecirc

MSKeacuteC DRJTfrac12 egraveyenSfrac12 gnotuuml AtildelW lxysS XNAumlhM xMsectk AtildelW dGauml lxB

nW ycedilL xStMHeacute xlW117YacuteYacute YWM egraveyenS xysS kNtildenotN bmnœt$ MKNAtildeT

bmdnQ wd xB ldquoxMsectkrdquo BlOuml bmocirclt xysSNfrac12 ldquognotuuml XNAumllWrdquo ycedilgL nW AEligY

nW118YacuteYacute YH TNtAcirc GN yKFlN WAumlecircE TRgcurrenMAcirc notparamicroecircE Aumlpermil ytktl xYdlMmdash

1 ldquoxysS egraveyenSNxlWfrac14BlOuml mlslTrdquo XNAumlhM ldquoegraveyenSM xysSNfrac12 xlWfrac14BlOuml

mlslTrdquo ycedillT glUacuteatildeC NGGbdquo bhlt$ mmicrokL BOgrave XNd tmicroyumld ycedilAtildeuacuteY

XNcopyfrac12 egraveyenS bmdnQ wd xB mocircN ycedilAtildeuacuteY xYdlM119YacuteYacute

2 bmjmparaAtildeW megrave KFl zmN ynbbdquo xYhDfrac12 yXGzxBRN SM bzH mLk

bmdnQ xY-bdquoM120YacuteYacute

3 bllOumlC ymF QCcedilS KFlOumlC satildeC XGzxBR xBN bzH mLK

-RtWnotL [lMuacutel mZNtildeR 35divide23 YH KFL ldquognotuumlAcirc xMsectkrdquo (ldquoccedil kRtimesS Ntilde

microY ccedil tampatildeS Ntilderdquo ldquoὉ κύριός μου καὶ ὁ θεός μουrdquo) ycedillT rdquosectT yiumlnot lW_

byenDrGfrac12 ldquoxMsectkAcirc gnotuumlrdquo (ldquoccedil tampatildeS Ntilde microY ccedil kRtimesS Ntilderdquo ldquoὁ θεός μου καὶ ὁ

κύριός μουrdquo) kyenlnotcW bStqR yrFt ngbdquo wrdquoqR xND nWYacuteYacute bt=yenpara

timesNS 20divide28 kcedilktlT KFlOumlC UR AtildenUacutehellipL mZNtildeR 5divide2iquest 84divide3]YacuteYacute

115 Zn kyenhYacuteYacute 116 Zn kyenhiquest 329YacuteYacute 117 kQRB gz wAumlH GN DRJt$ YH xqpermilrb xsectecircEgrave SsectlWfrac12 ldquognotuuml xMsectkrdquo ycedillT rdquosectT xysSN

ycedilAtildemlKT nW ycedilL xIgraveM YoslashxLYacuteYacute lMuacutel kQCcediluacuteN aeligC Xy-qs yenmpermilmR bmAEligL

ycedilnotwqW yDRJt$ mF g 214 sectY XNAumlH YsectLfrac12 ldquoegraveyenS lAcircgR yflgW xysSfrac12 xMsectK

mccedilnN knbrfrac12 xMsectk BlOuml m_permilt$ ycedilAtildekpermilKRbT MNM MKNAtildeT ylMrdquoYacuteYacute YH yxStMHeacute lW_

DRJt$ xysS xMsectK nW XNAumlL AtildedrgW uacuteYccedilNfrac12 xsectecircEgrave AtildelWN TNtAcirc bxAumlS TNtAcirc lmqyR AtildedrgW _rT BOgrave nWYacuteYacute xAumls TNtAcirc egraveyenS xysSNfrac12 ldquognotuumlAcirc xMsectkrdquo yenlt$ yxysSN xMsectKnT XNdyenAtildeuacuteY bzH mLk YgLUacuteLfrac12 ldquoxysS permils kmZNtildeR mF -Qicirc ÂtildesectN satildeCAcirc fpermiliacuteCfrac12

xyenLKT XNd tAEligl kgl[W UR YSyenyenL y 10divide3435iquest mZ 82divide1-6rdquo (g 214)YacuteYacute btimesNS 20divide17 sectY xysS sW bmccediln MKNAtildeT xB yxysS xMsectK tBsectLiquest ngR GN egraveyenS bzAtildeW MpermilF sectY xysSN xMsectk yenlt$ qcurren_R 20 qcurren_R 17 bnotybT mLk yyenYnotYbT MKNAtildeT MNDN nW xBfrac12 wLD sW

bmccediln MKNAtildeT ywLD xMsectk XNd ccediln hlfrac12 wLDM yegraveyenS xMsectk nWiquest legraveyenS xMsectk kccediln dGauml lXfrac34 xMsectmicroCN yyenYccedilNbT MKNAtildeT xYntildeRMYacuteYacute 118 b|sects yenmN YgAEligbrvbarLN g 29YacuteYacute 119 tSIacuteuuml eacutebliquest yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCAcirc xStMHeacutexcW brdquol XGzxBR smzNiquest 120 Zn kyenhYacuteYacute


54

4 bQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT ldquognotuumlAcirc xMsectkrdquo ycedillT SaumlC b_MrT yXSpermilxLN

xMsectK XGzxBRN BOgrave ycedilAtildemlKt$ mccedilAcirccW XNAumlhM xysS bzH SM

m-permilt$ xysSM LK XNd xB xMsectK mccedilnN ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute

xNAumlND satildeC dGauml egraveyenS xysSN gnotuumlAcirc xMsectk BlOuml xL-permilWMiquest XNdzAtilde

lm_permilT fLmacr bccedilN ntildeeacutefrac12 bAEliglbT NtildeAtilde (nominative case) uacuteYccedilNfrac12 b_para NtildeAtilde

(vocative case) ldquognotuumlAcirc xMsectkrdquo YL nbR ycedilL NtildeGT xsectcWYacuteYacute YH NtildeGT hlT

mrnotecircE CGeacuteC xlbTiquest YWMmdash (1) ksectY ytmlkTAcirccW ymZNtilder AumlecircET

KFlOumlCfrac12 YH ysecircSW TNtAcirc StT XNd ccediln AtildeuacuteAtildelYacuteYacute (2) bQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT ldquognotrdquo

ycedillWN rdquoL b_para NtildeAtilde m_permilT ytlmd bccedilNMfrac12 xMsectK ycedillWN rdquoL GN b_para

NtildeAtilde m_permilT ytlmd xYdlMYacuteYacute YH Ynt$ x-permilR bBlAtildeT YWM bmuacuteFNTfrac12

bZQxLAcirc bng|T mUacuteFT sectY (muacuteFNT 1628iquest 213iquest 2ng|T 725iquest ZQxL

414) BOgrave ycedilg sccedilNfrac12 bAumlS kAumlN dGauml byentampatildeS 2746 sectY BOgrave Ygfrac34LYacuteYacute

xMsectK ycedillWN SM bAEliglbT NtildeAtilde m_permilT ytlmd nWYacuteYacute lMuacutel bGparak yBlY

kAumlN QJ (sBrsaquo lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM LXX) bmf mZNtildeR sectY BOgrave xMsectK (ldquotampatildeSrdquo

ldquoθεόςrdquo) ycedillW SAtilderaquo bAEliglbT NtildeAtilde bmegraveatildeC ycedilsup3-bdquo iumlnotatildeC sectY ycedilg sccedilNfrac12

bAumlS kAumlNM WS_ tdUGauml Ygfrac34L (lMuacutel yenRoumlS 1534iquest lrdquoS 181113)121YacuteYacute

btimesNS 1divide1 sectY xBN ycedilAtildemlKtW ldquotampatildeSrdquo WSN mStumlMR AtildelW sccedilNfrac12

wLDN ycedilAtildemlKtW dGauml WSN mStumlMR ylWMiquest btimesNS 1divide18 dGauml xBN

ycedilAtildemlKtWM ccediln wLDN ycedilAtildemlKt$T tampatildeicircC WSN mStumlMR ysectcWMiquest

btimesNS 20divide17 sectY xBN bcedilAtildemlKtW tampatildeS ethT WSN mStumlMR yll sccedilNfrac12

egraveyenS xysSN ldquoxMsectkrdquo AEliglbT SFpermil dGauml WSN mStumlMR xlWiquest YH btampatildeS ethT

WSN mStumlMR mntildeRM ccediln AtildelmntildeR xNAumlCM yTRgcurrenM LdaggernT xAtildemEgraveM ycedillWN

gcurrenAumlY ycedilAtilde-AcircKR nWYacuteYacute

egraveyenS xysSNfrac12 ldquognotuumlAcirc xMsectkrdquo yenlt$ xysS xBM wLDM XNd ccediln (xBAcirc

wLD xND xmicroL mccedilAcirccWN) lyenuacuteyT nW ycedilL NtildeGT becircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN

satildeC zND XNdcedilqRB YnotwrdquoLYacuteYacute ngr GN bzh WD WS_ xysS xBNfrac12

ldquoxMsectkrdquo BlOuml XNd -permilW hl (timesNS 2017) egraveyenSM xysSNfrac12 ldquognotuumlAcirc xMsectkrdquo

(timesNS 2028) yenlt$ xysS kxB ytly XNd ccediln ngR GNfrac12 XRs permils LK XNd xB

xMsectK mccedilnN ycedilAtildeSrG_ nWYacuteYacute kzH bt=yenpara btimesNS wNgL mGbAtilde KFL bGL_

XNd tmlkTnW xysS yXGzxBR xB LJ XNd ccediln hl (timesNS 11418) XRs

permils xMsectK (timesNS 1118) mccediln kxB ytly mccediln BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 XRs permils XNd

xB xMsectK mccedilnN ycedilAtildeSrG_ nWYacuteYacute

121 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place 143


55

ecircRAtildeW timesNSfrac12 t-permilEgravepara ynbrW ygnot dq mZNtildeR xysSNfrac12 ldquognotuumlAcirc

xMsectkrdquo XNAumllW hl YHN wNgL ycedilAtildenb satildeC XNd egraveyenS xysSNfrac12 ldquognotuumlAcirc

xMsectkrdquo XNAumllT YfLULYacuteYacute xysSM egraveyenS ldquognotuumlAcirc xMsectkrdquo byenlt$ MKNAtildeT

sg|[W uacuteYccedilNfrac12 XRs byenyT wdzH yXMnT DMAumlraquo sectY XNd drs hlfrac12 XRs

AtildeyWN K|tT uacuteAtildedagger xysSNfrac12 ldquognotuumlAcirc xMsectkrdquo ycedill satildeC BirsaquoN AcirccWYacuteYacute

ecircRAtildeW timesNS ywNgl tdpermilSAtildeN xysS gnot XNd ccediln XNAumlAtildeMn _para

sAtildeqRB (timesNS 2030-31) ldquognotrdquo ycedillW ytimesNS NGGRfrac12 xysS ldquognotuumlAcirc xMsectkrdquo

(timesNS 2028) XNDNlW notuacuteb Atildedrg nWYacuteYacute bmGbAtildeW sectY timesNS xysSN xMsectK

(timesNS 1118) XNAumllW hl yxMsectKM LJ (timesNS 11418) BlOumlnotLYacuteYacute

bx-rdquosectY btimesNS wNgL ymGbAtilde KFLfrac12 xysS xMsectK (timesNS 1118) XNd

tAEliglW hl btimesNS wNgL ymLXKt$ qAumlyenY sectyen XNAumlhM ymLXKt$ yenuacutergAtilde

bccedilnW iumlnot sectY xysS xMsectK mAEligl (timesNS 2028) xMsectK mccedilnN ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute

xysS bQDm TSBXT xMsectK XNd ccedilnW hl (timesNS 11) TSBXT bccedilnM gz

XNAumlhM bD~r TNœx Ywt$ xMsectK nW (timesNS 2028)122YacuteYacute timesNS yxysS

xMsectKnT yKRSTAcirc brvbarYyenntildeT notparamicroecircEAcirc brvbarYyenntildenotecircE mrT XNd ccediln gLUcircxL ycedillW

yMhpermilN xStAtildeyT kzHAcirc kzH UR tsup2yenJnT microsectcW MNAEligAEligT ymn= MhpermilecircE

DMAumlraquo nWYacuteYacute

4) ecircRAtildeT |permil 2028 WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE TNtAcirc

ldquoποιμαίνειν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν του θεου ἣν περιεποιήσατο διὰ του

αἵματος του ἰδίουrdquo

o ldquobgsup2 dNtilde yecirccopyTN yXGzxbRN bt KRStEAtildeN -Bq$rdquo (y1993 xAumls mdbfrac34 TRgcurrenMmdash

xNtRAcircgtAcircL mF QCcedilS yen~bR)

o ldquobgsup2 dNtilde yecirccopyTN yXGzxBRN bt KRStEAtildeN T-Bq$xT zNDrdquo (y1954 TRgcurrenMmdash

yxTtimesugraveAtilde mF QCcedilS yen~bR)

o ldquokm TRdagger bt KRStEAtildeN lKRSegraveS XNt x_rAtilde bdNtilderdquo (Luacuten GXZmdashyen~br mF QCcedilS

zxTtimesugraveAtilde)

o ldquoyXGzxBRN bt KRStEAtildeN T-Bq$ zND XRs bdNtilde yecirccopyTNrdquo (y1879 TRgcurrenMmdashz

BparatEgt xND aeligparaN AEligYBL ƒuacuteYtamp)

o ldquognot bgsup2 dNtilde yecirccopyTN bt KRStEAtildeN -Bq$rdquo (y1980 xAumlS TRgcurrenMmdashxTtimesugraveAtilde mF

QCcedilS yen~bR)

xAumls mdbfrac34 TRgcurrenMfrac12 1954 TRgcurrenMAcirc 1879 TRgcurrenM bt KRStEAtildeNN bdNtilde

yecirccopyT ldquoXGzxBRrdquo slfrac12 1980 TRgcurrenM GN ldquognotrdquo YsectLYacuteYacute LK XNdzh _NnotecircEAcirc

122 Murray J Harris 3 Crucial Questions About Jesus (Grand Rapids Baker 1994) 98-99


56

tumlyenn yccediln yGparaK d KnotAEligTfrac12 ldquoXGzxBRrdquo (ldquoegrave tampyacuterdquo ldquoτου θεουrdquo) XAcirc ldquognotrdquo

(ldquokRdaggerrdquo ldquoκυρίουrdquo) ycedilL LdaggernT xsectcWYacuteYacute bxyenRfrac34 TRgcurrenaumlC sectY ytn[AEligrqWM

LdaggernTfrac12 bGparaK d KnotAEligT sectY ycedilnotyW YH LdaggernT nWYacuteYacute ngR GN XNd _NnotWAtildeN

yGparaK d KnotAEligT ldquoXGzxBRrdquo (ldquoegrave tampyacuterdquo ldquoτου θεουrdquo) XAcirc ldquognotrdquo (ldquokRdaggerrdquo ldquoκυρίουrdquo)

bcedillT rdquosectT sectY LdaggernT bntildeRM XNd GXz TRgcurrenM ldquoKRSegraveSrdquo ycedilL GN xNAumlCM

yGparaK d KnotB ylMYacuteYacute _qET qcurren_R AtildesectcW _NnotWAtildeN QiacuteC dGaumlfrac12 ldquoygnot

XGzxBRrdquo (ldquokRdagger tampyacuterdquo ldquoκυρίου θεουrdquo) bt KRStEAtildeN YsectlYacuteYacute

XJG bRmicronot yGparaKAcirc yMNAEligAEligecircamp Atildes MhpermilNfrac12 ldquoXGzxBRrdquo (ldquoegrave tampyacuterdquo ldquoτου

θεουrdquo) ycedillW YbL_ tumlyenn nW ycedill sccedilN123frac12 yxysS KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT

yyenYqblT yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC permiluacutecWfrac12 yxAumlS rsaquolcedilt$ TRgcurrenM124 XNAumlhM DRJt$

AEligzUjW yxNtR lnyR TRgcurrenM125 sectYfrac12 ldquoXGzxBRrdquo (ldquoegrave tampyacuterdquo ldquoτου θεουrdquo) ycedillWN

xmicroyumlD tkTlecircLYacuteYacute

bRmicronot lrdquoWNT ldquoXGzxBRrdquo (ldquoegrave tampyacuterdquo ldquoτου θεουrdquo) ycedillWN xmicroyumlD

ytktlbT bY MKNAtildeT XNd divideAacuteKS uacuteYAcirctEkSAcirc XNd divideAacuteKS ŠtEmicronS Atildel _NnotecircEAcirc

tumlyenn yccediln yGparaK d KnotAEligT XNAumlhM XNd xTAcirctampatildeSfrac12 AEligSLdaggerSfrac12 xrsquoIacutentimesSfrac12

timesNS xfwRQfrac12 qampRlOumlSfrac12 xMBeacuteS wzt Atildel ybt KRStEAtildeN xbW YHN KFL -

QsW bcedilucircAEligcW gzAtildeT hlfrac12 ldquoXGzxBRrdquo (ldquoegrave tampyacuterdquo ldquoτου θεουrdquo) ycedillWN rdquoL

Slt-qNtilde nWYacuteYacute

ldquoXGzxBRrdquo (ldquoegrave tampyacuterdquo ldquoτου θεουrdquo) ycedillW rdquoL xBN ycedilAtildemlKT nW wYS

wLDN ycedillW gcurrenAumlY btwsn drcopyM bccedilN ymSkN MhpermilN Atildewsup2GAEligLYacuteYacute

ldquoXGzxBRrdquo ycedillWN xyenpermil+ TRgcurrenM ytktl yxyenRfrac34 ymF QCcedilS TRgcurrenaumlCfrac12

ldquoXGzxBRrdquo ycedillW rdquoL wLDN bcedilAtildeuacuteY mLk nW AtildeqrbT126YacuteYacute yXNGlZregc$

QiacuteC GN bhlT bY gOumlpermil lfrdeg YCsectliquest YWMmdash

o ldquobdNtilde yecirccopyTN yXGzxBRN bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo127

123 yAumlS kAumlN GparaKAcirc yMNAEligAEligecircamp Atildes lrdquoWNTfrac12 tampatildeS XJG tumlyenn yccediln rdquoL XNd ccediln AtildeSrAumllYacuteYacute

YWM yXGzxBR dM ycedillW SAtilderaquo bRmicronot yGparaK QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT gLAEligocircC TKKlfrac34

xStMHeacute mSlOuml SsectLnotAtildecWfrac12 XGzxBR ycedillWN rdquoL gnot BlW XNd tkT YgmnotLYacuteYacute

lMuacutel ycedilktlTN mUacuteFT YmlkaLmdash Metzger Textual Commentary on the New Testament 425-27

Harris Jesus as God 134-36

124 New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures With References (Brooklyn Watchtower Bible and Tract


Society 1985) 126 gnot ycedillWN rdquoL yt-qmW y1980 TRgcurrenMM bccedilN gnot ycedillWN rdquoL yt-qmW wLDN

bcedilAtildeuacuteY mNgD nWYacuteYacute 127 New American Standard Bible (NASB) English Standard Version (ESV) New International Version

(NIV) New King James Version (NKJV) Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB) XNAumlhM llOumlCYacuteYacute


57

o ldquobgsup2 Ldeg dM yecirccopyTN yXGzxBRN bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo128

MNM XNmicro bXNGlZfrac34 IgraveNIgrave yttrgOumlNtilde bRmicronot ymF QCcedilS TRgcurrenaumlC LK

XNd xyenRregc$ ymF QCcedilS TRgcurrenaumlC ymjmparaAtildeWN xmicroyumlD bktlMfrac12 hltfrac34WN

xmicroyumlD ytktl yXNGlZfrac34 TRgcurrenaumlC YHN xmicroyumlD XNAumlktl AtildedrUcW ldquodMrdquo XAcirc

ldquoXGzxBRrdquo ycedillT rdquosectT xBrW lyumlCcedil xYClM ycedillWN GMT tuacuteb

byenDrUcW xIgraveyencWN kXGzxBR rdquoL UR lyenSnotrQ AtildedrgTN _rT ycedilAtildeuacuteY

nWYacuteYacute

yhltfrac34WN xtrUgravegOumlM CGR bWL yenStecircL XNDNCL bzH rgD AtildelWN

yGparaK secircSW btwsn dpermilcopyM XNmicro bccedilN XNmLkTYacuteYacute bxyenRregc$ ymF QCcedilS

QiacuteCAcirc bbRmicronot yXNGlZfrac34 TRgcurrenaumlCfrac12 ldquobgsup2 dNtilderdquo tBlOuml yttrgOumlmW bGparaKfrac12 ldquotyacute

yumlyenegraveS tyacute xDdaggerrdquo (ldquoτου αἵματος του ἰδίουrdquo) ycedillW rG nWYacuteYacute YHN rG rdquoL brdquoL

SNtrgcurrenmWfrac12 ldquobdNtilde bXRs bpermilsrdquo ycedilL TRgcurrenM AtildelW nWYacuteYacute ldquobXRs bpermilsrdquo ycedillW

yGparaK rdquoL (ldquoxDdaggerrdquo ldquo του ἰδίουrdquo) QL sccedilNfrac12 ldquodMrdquo (GparaK ldquoyumlyenegraveSrdquo ldquoαἵματοςrdquo) bcedillW

SM (noun) sectY ycedilq[L nWYacuteYacute bGparaK secircSWfrac12 QL kcedilq[LbT SM bldquosect mMEgravet$

ytlmd gcurrenAumlY Slccedilnfrac12 bzH rgD yrFt ngbdquo QdM tktL yrFt ngbdquoN TRgcurrenM

xYqYrWM129YacuteYacute lMuacutel bzh KFL sectYfrac12 ldquomNfS QCcedilSrdquo (GparaK ldquoegrave nWyen egrave hGtimesNrdquo

ldquoτὸ πνευμα τὸ ἅγιονrdquo) ycedillWN BNmlkT ldquoQCcedilSrdquo (GparaK ldquoegrave hGtimesNrdquo ldquoτὸ ἅγιονrdquo) ycedillW

QLfrac12 mNfS (GparaK ldquoegrave nWyenrdquo ldquoτὸ πνευμαrdquo) kcedillW SM bldquosect XNd mEgrave

XNmlknotlNYacuteYacute XSk |permil z- megrave xUyengt DrS xNDM sWfrac12 ldquobgsup2 dNtilde yecirccopyTN

yXGzxBRN bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo ycedillWN xtrUgravegOumlM ytrdquowm wYM bhltfrac34 drcopy

yqrbWN yxtrUgravegOumlM xmicroyumlD ytktl xNDM sW ylM130YacuteYacute

ldquobgsup2 Ldeg dMrdquo ycedillW xtrUgravegOumlM ysecircSW mrt$ GparaK SaumlCN bQLnT ycedil-

qMbT hnnot xl ycedillW yGparaK secircSW nW131YacuteYacute xNAumlND satildeCfrac12 ldquobXRs bpermilsrdquo (ldquotyacute

xDdaggerrdquo ldquoτου ἰδίουrdquo) ycedillW rdquoL YH SaumlCN bQLnT bcedil-qmW bsecircSW G ycedilgsup2

nW SlzHM ldquotwAumlJ wYM xNDAtilderdquo (the Beloved) tBlOuml lKRSegraveS XNdcedilWlW

yFQRfrac14ykbEcircnot SAtilderaquo lAtildeglGL YCsectL ycedilL nWYacuteYacute btwsn drcopyM bccedilN YH ysecircSW

G lAtildeSyumlD XNdcedilCL ymSk lrdquoWNT bAtildeSrCcedilM132 microsectY XNd tmlkTnW XSk

128 New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) Revised English Bible (RSV) 129 Wallace Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics 306-7 [article + noun + article + adjective ycedillW xmicroyumlD

bAumlS kAumlN GparaK secircSW the second attributive postion bmAEligL ycedilnotwQ sccedilNfrac12 bdivideYn bGparaK secircSW

MhpermilN zND hl tqAEligYnT AtildelW G nW]YacuteYacute 130 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place 145 YHN xyenpermil+ TRgcurrenM lmjmparaAtilde gz

yt-qNtildeT J A Bengel XAcirc F J A Hort ytAEliglT GlsiumlC mccedilAcirccWN Bowman and Komoszewski 330-

31 ycedilktlTN mUacuteFT bm_qS fecircL Harris Jesus as God 139 Charles F DeVine The Blood of

God in Acts 2028 CBQ 9 (1947) 405 131 YH ysecircSW G Substantival bmAEligL YnotwrdquoLYacuteYacute 132 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place 145


58

|permil z-nfrac34W megrave KFl zmN dRS YH Ynt$N TNtAcirc ytktl MhR Atildelmntildebdquo

BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 ldquobXRs bpermilsrdquo (ldquotyacute xDdaggerrdquo ldquoτου ἰδίουrdquo) ycedillW rdquoL KRSegraveSN

ycedilAtildemlKTbT xNAumlCM yAumlS kAumlN KFL ylMYacuteYacute bbt KRStEAtildeN notparaKM YH rdquoL

KRSegraveSN XNdcedilAtildemlKT yUacutef xNDM ybt KRStEAtildeN sW ylMYacuteYacute

MAcircLAEligT yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN mMHpermilNfrac12 ldquobdNtilde yecirccopyTN yXGzxBRN

bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo ycedillW rG bxysS KRSegraveS WS_ xB XNAumll (xBAcirc wLD xND

xmicroL XNd ccediln) ycedilAtildemlKT nW ycedilL yNtildeGT n_B lAtildeqRb YCsectlYacuteYacute ngR GN

KFl bt KRStEAtildeNN bgsup2 dNtilde yecirccopyTfrac12 ldquoXGzxBR nWrdquo YsectL XNcopyfrac12 ldquoxBrdquo nW

xsectlMYacuteYacute YHM xysS xMsectK mccedilnN XNcopyfrac12 xB mccedilnN lAtildeuacuteY xYCLMYacuteYacute ksectY

bSIacuteT lyenyT baumlkRAcirccW KFlOumlC xysSfrac12 kxB UR xBeacute ycedilntildeR ldquoxMsectKrdquo (timesNS

11) XNAumlhM AtildeLnotyWN xMsectK YIacute AtildedrgWfrac14ygl-W yXGzxBR LJ yccedilnWAcirc

XRs permils xMsectK yccedilnW xysS XNd ccediln (timesNS 118) egraveyenSM YHN yXGzxBR

LJ ldquognotuumlAcirc xMsectkrdquo XNAumllW tmLKtAcircL (timesNS 2028)YacuteYacute YH bGL btqm-bT

hnnot yXGzxBR LJ ytAEliglW xysSfrac12 XRs permils xAEligtamp ycedillW xB nW yenlT

yKFlN TMHRT ytktl AEliglmccedilnfrac12 dGmN XNsectlN nIacuteqamp nWmdashWgZ

kmsAEligLtimesS133YacuteYacute

bx-rdquosectY ldquobXRs bpermilsrdquo (ldquotyacute xDdaggerrdquo ldquoτου ἰδίουrdquo) ycedillW rdquoLfrac12 ldquodMrdquo (GparaK

ldquoyumlyenegraveSrdquo ldquoαἵματοςrdquo) bcedillW SM sectY ycedilq[L QL (lMuacutel ycedilktlTN KFlOumlC

YmlkaLmdash timesNS 141iquest 543iquest timesNS 718iquest ecircRAtildeT |permil 125) Slccedilnfrac12 ldquobgsup2

dNtilde yecirccopyT yXGzxBR nWrdquo ycedillW nAEligbdquo TNtAcirc Ntildel bNtildel tqAEligYnT AtildelW

Slccedilnfrac12 KFl xysS KRSegraveS xMsectK mAEliglN ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute

5) eacuteraquo 95 WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE TNtAcirc

ldquoὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰωνας ἀμήνrdquo

o ldquoXRsM khl bsectY yccediln lzsectlM ytmsgn xMsectK nWiquest xraquoNrdquo (y1993 xAumls mdbfrac34

TRgcurrenMmdashxNtRAcircgtAcircL mF QCcedilS yen~bR)

o ldquoXRsM khl bsectY ccedilntilde lzsectlM ytAEligrk xMsectk nWiquest xraquoNrdquo (y1954 TRgcurrenMmdashyxTtimesugraveAtilde

mF QCcedilS yen~bR)

133 xysS KRSegraveS xMsectK nW ycedillWN RXs gcurrenAumlY SNaumlGT xMsectK mAEligl xB mccedilnN ycedilAtildeuacuteY nW

ycedillW yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN TMHRT xNAumlCM mrT yllW mccedilnN lmGl AtildeHL yqrb xStAtildeyT XNcopyfrac12 xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWN bcedilq_lT yTMHRT gzAtildeT bSIacuteT yMNmlktW gcurrenAumlY YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute


59

o ldquosBX zWXtE xMsectK bbdquoK lrsaquolM rsaquolM xraquoNrdquo (Luacuten GXZmdashyen~br mF QCcedilS


o ldquoXRs khl ycedilbL_ xMsectKYacuteYacute lRs brkT ycedilgAEligW lzsectlMYacuteYacute xraquoNrdquo (y1879 TRgcurrenMmdashz


o ldquoXRs khl bsectY yccedilnAcirc ytAEligrk xMsectK nWiquest xraquoNrdquo (y1980 xAumlS TRgcurrenMmdashxTtimesugraveAtilde

mF QCcedilS yen~bR)

yGXZAcirc yxyenRfrac34 QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT XNAumlhM bRmicronot yXNGlZfrac34 mF QCcedilS

TRgcurrenaumlCfrac12 xysS xMsectK mccedilnN bGL ycedilAtildeuacutedagger bccedilNM XNmicrofrac12 ldquoym-bqEAtilde GNB


AtildeuacutetmW ymF QCcedilS TRgcurrenM (NWT) KFlN yxysSN xMsectKnT byenAtildemlKT

mLk xQRiumlnotLYacuteYacute lNR XNAumlmC xAumls mdbfrac34 TRgcurrenMN ym-bqEAtilde GNB

microuacutetmW kxAumlst$ rsaquolM yXNGlZfrac34 TRgcurrenM UR byennUacute[R lmmLkT XNaumlKRmdash

o ldquoxAEligegraveCM yXRs AcirccWiquest KRSegraveSM b|U yTWLD rg ycedilsup3-rW kXnRs

nWiquest XRsMfrac12 khl bsectY yccediln lzsectlM ytmsgn xMsectK nWiquest xraquoNrdquoYacuteYacute (xAumls

bdbfrac34 TRgcurrenM)YacuteYacute

o ldquoxAEligegraveC yXRs AcirccWiquest KRSegraveSM b|U ymEgraveW kXnRs nWiquest khl bsectY

yccedilnW xMsectK YmSgNiquest xraquoNrdquoYacuteYacute (yxAumlst$ rsaquolM TRgcurrenM)YacuteYacute

ymjmparaAtildeW KFL KRSegraveS ldquokhl bsectY yccediln xMsectKrdquo nW sLfrac12 ym-bqEAtilde

GNB AtildezUjW mF dGaumlfrac12 ldquokhl bsectY yccediln xMsectKrdquo ycedillW xBN nWYacuteYacute ksectY

AEliglW NR kyumlDN dGaumlfrac12 ldquoXRsMfrac12 khl bsectY yccediln lzsectlM ytmsgn xMsectK nWrdquo

XAcirc ldquokhl bsectY yccedilnW xMsectK YmSgNrdquo ycedillW nWYacuteYacute

GparakN bqcurrenNtilde (rdquoL brdquoL) tRgcurrenmN dGauml XAcircQRBmdash

h ὡν οἱ πατέρες =gt xAEligegraveC yXRs AcirccW

l καὶ ἐξ ὡν ὁ Χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα =gt kXnRsM KRSegraveS b|U mEgravefrac14ccediln

ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων =gt XRs khl bsectY yccediln

m θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰωνας ἀμήν=gt XGzxBR lzsectlM ytmsgn YhN xraquoN

bl m=rš sectY xpermilT n_B yMAcircdRG kccedilnfrac12 KRSegraveS ldquokhl bsectY yccediln

XGzxBRfrac14xMsectKrdquo nW ycedilL TRgcurrenM xYntilderWMYacuteYacute xpermilT n_bN bldquordquo m=rš

sectY microdrGN dGauml xysS khl bsectY mccedilnN bAtildeuacuteYM xMsectK mccedilnN GN

xAtildemlKTMYacuteYacute xpermilT n_bN bldquomrdquo m=rš sectY microdrGN dGaumlfrac12 xysS khl bsectY

XNAumlhM xMsectK mccedilnN ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute


60

ƒStfrac34W xyenpermil+ XWnT mccedilN kOgravel BOgrave KFl xysS xMsectK mccedilnN yenuacuteyT

YCsectLYacuteYacute ldquokhl bsectY yccedilnW yennWrdquo ycedillW _Atildeqamp b-yQ mLS mccedilN ycedilClW

ldquoKRSegraveS nWrdquo ycedillW nWiquest MKNAtildet$M KFlN rdquoL brdquoL SNtrgcurrenmWfrac12 ldquoxAEligegraveC

yXRs AcirccW kXnRsM KRSegraveS b|U mEgravefrac14ccediln XRs khl bsectY yccediln nWrdquo SlcedilL

nWYacuteYacute bGparak secircSW ldquoccedil aringNrdquo (ldquoὁ ὢνrdquo) ldquoyccedilnW XRsrdquo ycedillW yGparaK rdquoL ldquoKRSegraveSrdquo (ldquoὁ

Χριστὸςrdquo ldquoccedil KRSegraveSrdquo) kcedillW UR ycedilwAumlJ nWYacuteYacute MKNAtildet$M ldquoyccedilnW XRsrdquo ycedillW

rdquoLfrac12 Sl KRSegraveS t=yenpara uacuteB lmAcircgR ycedilNdrdR Slccediln (ldquoccedil aringNrdquo ldquoὁ ὢνrdquo ldquoyccedilnW

XRsrdquo ycedillW rdquoL b2oumleacuteNegraveS 11divide31 sectY XNAacuteT XNd ttrgOumlM LB YsectL)YacuteYacute KRSegraveS

khl bsectY mccedilnM kxND MpermilF bldquosect tgLUcircxL (eacuteraquo 1012)YacuteYacute

ldquoytmsgnfrac14ytAEligrkrdquo (GparaK ldquoxlgegraveSrdquo ldquoεὐλογητὸςrdquo) ycedillW rdquoLfrac12 ldquoXGzxBRrdquo

(GparaK ldquoθεὸςrdquo) bcedillW rdquoL tqDaumlxLYacuteYacute ngR GN bAumlS kAumlN GparaK XGzxBR

ycedilmsgNAEligcW iumlnotatildeC GN ldquoytmsgnfrac14ytAEligrkrdquo ycedillW rdquoL kmldividenotecircEW SM bethT

ycedilmEgrave nW (lMuacutel ycedilktlTN iumlnotatildeC bsBrsaquo lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM sectY YmlkaL

(mZNtildeR 6620iquest 6835iquest 286iquest 3121iquest 8952iquest 4113iquest 10648iquest zixT 1810iquest bdquoT

414iquest 1uacuteNtildexL 2532iquest lrdquoS 168iquest 1oumleacuteNegraveS 13iquest xOslashicircN 13iquest 1rsquo_eacuteS 13)YacuteYacute eacuteraquo

9divide5 GN YHN mF QCcediluacuteecircE yyenmSgn G ycedilktL xYdlMYacuteYacute SlzHfrac12

ldquoXGzxBR lzsectlM ytmsgn YhNrdquo ycedillW rFt ngRfrac12 ldquoXRs khl bsectY yccedilnrdquo

ycedillW rFt ngR xmicroL XNd ccediln XNrAumllNYacuteYacute OcircWlOumlS kzH UR tmuacuteuacuteY yccedilnWN

ysecircSW xwrdquoqR blsectM SFpermil sectY t-QaumlxL (yeacuteraquoN mLXKT =Meacute)134YacuteYacute

lMuacutelmdash

o ldquoyXGzxBRN XWnT bsT lw-iquest bfEgravepara fNnot F-R xmlkiquest

xglglMiquest fEgraveparaM lzsectlM ytmsgn nWiquest xraquoNrdquo (eacuteraquo 1divide25)YacuteYacute

o ldquolzsectlM ytmsgnW [ὁ ὢν] ygnot yxysS xMsectKAcirc xAEligT XNdyenLecircgt AtildeWrdquoLrdquo

(2oumleacuteNegraveS 11divide31)135YacuteYacute

lzH nW byzmAcirct$ ynbrCW yKRSegraveS bt KRStEAtildeN eacuteraquo 9divide5 yxysS KRSegraveSN

xMsectKnT AtilderUGEgraveL yMTlWYacuteYacute

134 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place 147 135 Zn kyenhYacuteYacute


61

6) tEegrave 213 XNAumlhM 2rsquo_eacuteS 11 WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE

TNtAcirc

ldquoπροσδεχόμενοι τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν της δόξης του μεγάλου θεου

καὶ σωτηρος ἡμων ʼΙησου Χριστουrdquo

ldquoYHM ytAEligrk tSIacuteCN yccedilnWN ynotsectq$N yxMsectmicroCNNAcirc yxAumlfrac34CNN yxysS KRSegraveSN

KBR mgl_ bm-AEligbQ nWrdquo (tEegrave 2divide13)

ldquoΣυμεὼν Πέτρος δουλος καὶ ἀπόστολος ʼΙησου Χριστου τοις ἰσότιμον ἡμιν λαχουσιν

πίστιν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ του θεου ἡμων καὶ σωτηρος ʼΙησου Χριστουrdquo

ldquoyxysS KRSegraveS xgLUYAcirc ecircRAtilde SMacircN rsquo_eacuteSiquest bxMsectmicroCNAcirc bxAumlfrac34CN bxysS

KRSegraveS DQ bkL XNd tqbLnW YnT KbR XMnT ltqblTrdquo (2rsquo_eacuteS 1divide1)

XnzH hlT ymF QCcedilS KFlOumlCfrac12 tmuacuteuacuteY yccediln ysecircSW xwrdquoqR SsectsectcW

KFlOumlc$N secircSecircecircE xwrdquoqR btmlkt KFlOumlc$N b_MrT lyenyT XNaumlKpermillNYacuteYacute ytEegraveW

MNAEligBfrac12 ldquonotsectq$ xMsectmicroCNAcirc mD^nnotCN xysS KRSegraveSrdquo (GparaK ldquoegraveW raquoUl tampyacute

microY icirctEeacuteS haumlN ys KRSt$rdquo ldquoτου μεγάλου θεου καὶ σωτηρος ἡμων ʼΙησου Χριστουrdquo) sL

rsquo_eacuteS dGaumlfrac12 ldquoxMsectmicroCNAcirc mD^nnotCN xysS KRSegraveSrdquo (GparaK ldquoegraveW tampyacute haumlN microY

icirctEeacuteS ys KRSt$rdquo ldquoτου θεου ἡμων καὶ σωτηρος ʼΙησου Χριστουrdquo) YsectLYacuteYacute bXnzH ymF

QCcedilS MNAEligAEligT xysS KRSegraveSfrac12 ldquoxMsectmicroCNAcirc mD^nnotCNrdquo ytAEligl sccedilNfrac12 yMNAEligAEligt$M

ysecircSW xwrdquoqR xND YnT nWYacuteYacute

GpermilNvL šRP bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW ysecircSW xwrdquoqRfrac12 (1) hlT n-sect yccediln ngR

GN (2) yt[Wacirc SM AtildeLccediln SaumlC (lMuacutel xysSfrac12 rsquo_eacuteSfrac12 OcircWlOumlS ngR GN xBfrac12

gnotfrac12 Ng| wzt ycedillTN yyenrG SaumlC xY=MRM) (3) ldquoXAcircrdquo (GparaK ldquomicroYrdquo ldquoκαὶrdquo)

bcedillW yGparaK xAtildeAtildetrade rdquoL ktEgravembdquo (4) bldquoXAcircrdquo ytAtildeAtildezT hlT SaumlC tmuacuteuacuteY

NtildeAtilde (case) microsectcW XNAumlhM (5) bmjmparaAtildeW SM sectY WSN mStumlMR ntildeeacute

bhltfrac34W SM sectY WSN mStumlMR kll hlt$M SaumlC xNDN xmicroL ycedilAtildemlKt$

AcirccW136YacuteYacute

136 Sl šRpS G _bdquo yenBpermilparaAtilde kflg ycedilktlTN mUacuteFT YmlkaLmdash Daniel B Wallace Greek

Grammar Beyond the Basics 270-90 Daniel B Wallace Granville Sharp A Model of Evangelical

Scholarship and Social Activism JETS 41 (1998) 591-613 Robert M Bowman Jr YHN G kmAcircFrdquoN

ytksectklbTN 41 g Ffrac12 Sharps Rules and Antitrinitarian Theologies A Defense of Granville

Sharps Argument for the Deity of Christ kcedilktlW Dr g sectY yenGszligT YOgravesectLmdash

lthttpbiblicalapologeticsnetNTStudiesSharps_Rulepdfgt In Greek when two nouns of the same

case are connected by kai (ldquoandrdquo) and the definite article appears before the first noun but not before the


62

YHN ysecircSW G mrT Atildedrg bRmicronot yAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT xlYacuteYacute

lMuacutelmdash ldquoxMsectmicroCNAcirc xAElignotCNrdquo (ldquoτου θεου καὶ πατρὸς ἡμωνrdquo) (lMuacutel gsectTAtilde 14iquest

ethLugraveSdaggerS 420iquest 1tslOumlNqamp 13iquest 3113)frac12 ldquoxMsectKAcirc xAEligTrdquo (ldquoτὸν θεὸν καὶ πατέραrdquo)

(lMuacutel eacuteraquo 156iquest 1oumleacuteNegraveS 1524)YacuteYacute ycedillT xwrdquoqeacuteC Sl xND xmicroL ycedilAcircgbdquo

AcirccW XNcopy SltlAtildedagger hlT xmicrosectT ycedilAcircgbdquo xYdlMYacuteYacute YH ysecircSW G MN AtildeHL

tumlyenn lmccediln xNAumlND AcircNtildeAcircatildeCN kAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT lyenyT XNaumlKR137mdash

yAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT GparaK yxyenRfrac34 qcurrenM TRgcurrenM

yenRoumlS 6divide3 οὐχ οὑτός ἐστιν ὁ τέκτων ὁ υἱὸς της

Μαρίας καὶ ἀδελφὸς ʼΙακώβου YH xAcirc-Wfrac12 yyenRAtildeM LJAcirc

yAtildeoumlB wNDM xYdlMN

lrdquoS 20divide37 κύριον τὸν θεὸν ʼΑβραὰμ καὶ θεὸν

ʼΙσαὰκ καὶ θεὸν ʼΙακώβ gnot yxBRbrvbarM xMsectKfrac12 yYSQ xMsectK yAtildeoumlM xMsectK

ecircRAtildeT |permil 3divide14 τὸν ἅγιον καὶ δίκαιον QCcedilsNAcirc UacuteDq$N

xOslashicircN 6divide21 Τυχικὸς ὁ ἀγαπητὸς ἀδελφὸς καὶ πιστὸς

διάκονος ἐν κυρίῳ tEkoumlS ytwdd wNDMAcirc bgnot ynotmn xgLUY

sup3sectSYS 4divide7 Τυχικὸς ὁ ἀγαπητὸς ἀδελφὸς καὶ πιστὸς

διάκονος καὶ σύνδουλος ἐν κυρίῳ tEkoumlS ytwdd wNDMAcirc ynotmn xgLUY bnotM xBeacute AEligRAtilde yccediln

1tslOumlNqamp 3divide2 Τιμόθεον τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἡμων καὶ

συνεργὸν του θεου -aumltampatildeSfrac12 wNDyenCNAcirc yXGzxBR xgLUY

BpermilWAtildeN 12divide2 τὸν της πίστεως ἀρχηγὸν καὶ τελειωτὴν yXMnnotCN jyenparaAcirc fUacutecedil

AtildeoumlB 3divide9 τὸν κύριον καὶ πατέρα gnotAcirc xAEligT

permilXY 1divide9 ʼΙωάννης ὁ ἀδελφὸς ὑμων καὶ

συγκοινωνὸς wNDyenChAcirc xBEcircxCh yMmicrofL timesNS

1rsquo_eacuteS 2divide25 τὸν ποιμένα καὶ ἐπίσκοπον των ψυχων

ὑμων wd nFuacuteCh Xrfrac34Acirc -AEligqE

1rsquo_eacuteS 5divide1 ὁ συμπρεσβύτερος καὶ μάρτυς των του

Χριστου παθημάτων xBEcircW gtyenGlAcirc yKRSegraveS mkpermil MSKR yccedilNh

permilXY 1divide6 τῳ θεῳ καὶ πατρὶ lxMsectkAcirc lxAEligt$


eacuteraquo 15divide6iquest 1oumleacuteNegraveS

15divide24iquest 2oumleacuteNegraveS

1divide3h

τὸν θεὸν καὶ πατέρα xMsectKAcirc xAEligT

YhAuml 4 τὸν μόνον δεσπότην καὶ κύριον ἡμων

ʼΙησουν Χριστὸν BOgraveWN xlrdquoCNfrac14NgœCNAcirc gnotCN xysS KRSegraveS

ethLaumlAcirc 1 ὁ ἀδελφὸς Φιλήμονι τῳ ἀγαπητῳ καὶ

συνεργῳ ἡμων ytwdd wNDyenCNAcirc y|permil AEligLdrAEligCN ethLaumlAcirc

BpermilWAtildeN 3divide1 τὸν ἀπόστολον καὶ ἀρχιερέα της

ὁμολογίας ἡμων ʼΙησουν ybrvbarYyenntildenotCN ecircRAtildeAcirc lq microHAcircT xysS

second both nouns refer to the same person if the nouns are (1) personal (2) singular and (3) non-proper

nouns and if the nouns are (d) not normally paired semantically as denoting two persons 137 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place 145 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in

His Place 151-52


63

yxAumlst$ rsaquolM TRgcurrenM (NWT) bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW ldquoyYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCrdquo

ymF QCcedilS yXNGlZfrac34 TRgcurrenM btEegrave 213 XNAumlhM 2rsquo_eacuteS 11 bhlt$M

iumlnotatildeC sectY bcedilgszligT ldquonotsectQ xMsectKrdquo XAcirc ldquomD^nT xysS KRSegraveSrdquo bcedillT iumlnotatildeC

sectY kGparak UR btUacuterr mLk WSN mStumlMR byenSgAEligT notsectq$ xMsectK ycedillW rdquoL

xBN ycedilAtildeuacuteY sccedilNfrac12 mD^nT ycedillW dGauml wLDN ycedilAtildeuacuteY nW BlOumlxL138YacuteYacute YH

yDRJt$N FsectgOumlT XNcopy yQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFTN xStMHeacute ycedilAtildeuacuteY xYdlMYacuteYacute

tEegrave 213 XNAumlhM 2rsquo_eacuteS 11 MNAEligAEligT xysS KRSegraveSN ldquonotsectQ xMsectKrdquo YlnotL

ycedillW yNtildeGT n_B bAumlS kAumlN GparaK secircSW ytdgf BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 yMNAEligbN

WAumlecircE TRgcurrenM ytktl nWYacuteYacute yKFlN WAumlecircE TRgcurrenM dGauml XNmLkTmdash

1) ldquoxAumlfrac34CNfrac14mD^nnotCNrdquo (ldquoicirctEeacuteS haumlNrdquo ldquoσωτηρος ἡμωνrdquo) ycedillW rG btEegrave

mLXKT WS_ SDST gz ycedilg sccedilNfrac12 bxMSt$ iumlnotatildeC sectY (134iquest 210iquest 346)

ldquoxAumlfrac34CNfrac14mD^nnotCNrdquo ycedillW rdquoL WSN mStumlMR AtildelAEligcW AcirccWYacuteYacute btEegrave 213

sectY GN WSN mStumlMbdquo (ldquotampyacuterdquo ldquoτουrdquo) ycedilgszligWfrac12 ldquonotsectq$ xMsectKrdquo (GparaK ldquoegraveW raquoUl

tampyacuterdquo ldquoτου μεγάλου θεουrdquo) kcedillT rdquosectT ethT mccedilnfrac12 notsectq$ xMsectK XAcirc mD^nnotCN

ycedillT rdquosectT bxND WSN mStumlMR XNdcediltAumldbdquo ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute

2) tEegrave 213 sectY ycedilgszligWAcirc yxyenRfrac34 TRgcurrenaumlCfrac12 ldquomgl_rdquo sl ytrgOumlNtildeT yGparaK

rdquoL ldquoxpEIacuteNAtildeNrdquo (ἐπιφάνειαν)frac12 bOcircWlOumlS mLXKegraveC sectY BOgrave ycedilg sccedilNfrac12 (YH rdquoL

bxBsup2frac34W ycedilgszligW bmLXKnott MUb139 sectY nW 2tslOumlNqamp 28iquest 1-aumltampatildeS 614iquest

2-aumltampatildeS 110iquest 418iquest tEegrave 213) hL gz rdquol yxysS KRSegraveSN mgl_

ycedilAtildemlKT nWYacuteYacute YH XWnT kccediln dGauml tEegrave 213 sectY ycedilgszligW ldquomgl_rdquo kllOumlc$

KFlOumlC UR btrdquorn mLk xysSN uacuteYccedilN xBN AtildemlKnotL yenlT StT nW140YacuteYacute

3) xNAumlND MhpermilN KFl GpermilN vL šRP bcedilAEliglW yGparaK secircSW G mgsup2t$N

bqblMfrac12 ldquonotsectq$ xMsectmicroCNAcirc mD^nnotCNrdquo ytAEliglW SAtilderaquo xBN ycedilAtildemlKT nW

ycedilL NtildeGT xsectcW141YacuteYacute XNdnzH MhpermilN XMnT xBfrac12 ldquonotsectq$ xMsectmicroCNAcirc

mD^nnotCNrdquo sccedilNfrac12 wLD dGauml yldquonotsectq$ xMsectmicroCNAcirc mD^nnotCNrdquo ldquoKBRrdquo nWYacuteYacute

138 Titus 213- of the great God and of [the] Savior of us Christ Jesus 2 Peter 11- of our God and [the]

Savior Jesus Christ (NWT) 139 mLXKnott MUbfrac14ntildeccedillOumlT ycedilAEliglT 1-aumltampatildeSfrac12 2-aumltampatildeSAcirc tEegrave mLXKegraveC AcirccWYacuteYacute 140 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place 153 141 Zn kyenhYacuteYacute


64

XNdzH xmlmicrokT KRStEAtildentildeCfrac12 ldquoycedil-AEligbq$T ynotsectq$ xMsectmicroCNNAcirc ymD^nnotCNN

ytAEligrk tSIacuteAcirc mgl_ nW [YH KBR dGauml] xysS KRSegraveS nWrdquo142YacuteYacute

YH xmlmicrokT TKKL nW BlN XNmicro BAcircSB xysS bAumlGM Mxt$frac12

yXGzxBR KBR Ntildel mgl_ mccediln xMsectKnt$N ycedilAtildeuacuteY bccedilNMfrac12 xysS KRSegraveS

ldquonotsectQ xMsectKAcirc mD^nTrdquo ytAEligl XNcopyfrac12 ldquonotsectQ xMsectKAcirc mD^nTrdquo ytAEliglW yxB

ldquoKBRrdquo nW ycedillW TNtAcirc bRmicronot StegraveC xlbTYacuteYacute YWMmdash (1) KFl byenAtildešm

mLkfrac12 ldquonotsectq$ xMsectmicroCNAcirc mD^nnotCN xysS KRSegraveSrdquo nW YsectLYacuteYacute (2) KFl Sl

XGzxBR KBR mgl_ YAcircgpermilL XNcopyfrac12 ycedilgl-W KBR xMsectK YAEligsectL xYLMYacuteYacute

(3) ecircRAtildeW OcircWlOumlS bmLXKegravec$ WS_ hl xysS yXGzxBR KBR nW xsectlM

(MNM XNmicro ycedilktlT KFlOumlC YHN msL mLXKT AtildesectcW bmSLM XNmicro

2oumleacuteNegraveS 446)YacuteYacute (4) ldquonotsectq$ xMsectCNAcirc mD^nnotCNrdquo ycedillW glUacute xmicrosectecircE HLWAcirc

AtildelWN xmicroL ycedilAtildemlKT XNcopy (xysS KRSegraveSN)frac12 rqEQ yccediln ldquoKBRNrdquo ycedilAtildemlKT

xYdlMYacuteYacute (5) ecircRAtildeW bLXKnott MUb WS_ hl ldquomgl_rdquo (ldquoxpEIacuteNAtildeNrdquo

ldquoἐπιφάνειανrdquo) ycedillWN rdquoL yt-qmW yxysS KRSegraveSN mgl_ lyenmLkT XNcopyfrac12

kXGzxBR UR GNszlignT AtildelWN rqEQ KBR lyenmLkT xYdlM (2tslOumlNqamp 28iquest

1-aumltampatildeS 614iquest 2-aumltampatildeS 110iquest 418iquest tEegrave 213)YacuteYacute (6) ecircRAtildeW bmLXKegravec$

hl WS_frac12 ldquoKBRrdquo ycedillWN rdquoL 18 gz AtildeHL yt-qm sccedilNfrac12 12 gz rdquolN yt-

qmW gsect+ bccediln mLk yenlTM bzRF NtildeAtilde (genitive case) nWiquest YWM kethlethT

AtildelWN SM bcedilqL mLk yenlT nW (eacuteraquo 821iquest 923iquest 1oumleacuteNegraveS 28iquest 2oumleacuteNegraveS

44iquest xOslashicircN 11718iquest 316iquest ethLugraveSdaggerS 321iquest sup3sectSYS 11127iquest 1-aumltampatildeS 111iquest tEegrave

213)YacuteYacute YHM KBR kcedillW YLQ XNd QL ldquoytkbrfrac14KbR yccedilnrdquo ycedilL TRgcurrenM

YntilderecircL yenlT nWYacuteYacute (7) DnnotCNN yf[mW xysS KRSegraveS XNd ccediln ecircRAtildeW bzh

WD WS_ (tEegrave 214) gLUcircxLYacuteYacute (8) ecircRAtildeW btEegrave mLXKT WS_frac12

ldquomD^nnotCNrdquo ycedillWN rdquoL SDST gz yt-qmW xysS KRSegraveSN lyenmLkT

kccediln (134iquest 21013iquest 346)frac12 sAEligtfrac34W iumlnot sectY xysSN xAtildemlKTM ycedillW gcurrenAumlY

kOcircWlOumlS xmicroyumlD UR ycedilrdquorN nW143YacuteYacute

btmuacuteuacuteY mNgD GpermilNvL šRP bmAEligL ycedilnotwqWN yAumlS kAumlN GparaK

secircSW XNAumlhM yKFlN WD wd gOumlN bmtW xNAumlND GlsiumlC XNAumlhM

ybrvbarYyenntildeT DRJegraveC b2rsquo_eacuteS 11 sectYfrac12 ldquoxMsectmicroCNAcirc xAumlfrac34CNrdquo ycedillW SAtilderaquo xysS

KRSegraveSN xAtildemlKTM ycedilL NtildeGT xsectcWYacuteYacute lzH xIgraveyencW XNd ecircnfrac34 yKRKR n_B

xDRgW ycedil-QsTfrac12 bzh WD ldquoXGzxBRrdquo wYM ldquoxMsectKrdquo ycedillW SAtilderaquo xBN

ycedilyuacuteY sccedilNfrac12 gnotCN xysS ycedillW SAtilderaquo dGauml wLDN ycedilAtildemlKT nW ycedillW

n_B nW (qcurren_R 2)YacuteYacute YHfrac12 bAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT xysS KRSegraveS xMsectK xLtAEliglM

142 Zn kyenhYacuteYacute 143 Zn kyenhiquest 154YacuteYacute


65

ycedillWN ytuacuteuacutet GNsup2b notuacuteb Atildedrg xIgraveM nWYacuteYacute ngR GN QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT xB

xMsectK XNd ccediln hl wLDM xMsectK mccedilnN bGL_ AtildeStMbdquoAcircLmdashXNAumlAtildeWM

btmuacuteuacuteY WD WS_ (bAtildeNS XSmicrohN ytmlkTAcirccWN MNAEligAEligT YmlkaL timesNS

1divide118iquest 20divide172831iquest BpermilWAtildeN 1divide8-9)YacuteYacute

bhltfrac34 rsquo_eacuteS mLXKT yGpermilNvL šRPN G btktl mNgD xysS

KRSegraveS xMsectK XNd tAEligl hlfrac12 ldquognotCNAcirc mD^nnotCNrdquo tBsectL ycedilktlWN sN-

rtrade YmlkaL144mdash

2rsquo_eacuteS GparaK xyenRfrac34 TRgcurrenM

1divide1 του θεου ἡμων καὶ σωτηρος ʼΙησου

Χριστου

xMsectmicroCNAcirc mD^nnotCN xysS

KRsegraveS

2divide20 του κυρίου [ἡμων] καὶ σωτηρος ʼΙησου

Χριστου

gnot[CN] XAcirc mD^nnotCN

xysS KRsegraveS

3divide18 του κυρίου ἡμων καὶ σωτηρος ʼΙησου

Χριστου

gnotCNAcirc mD^nnotCN xysS

KRSegraveS

xysS KRSegraveSfrac12 ldquognotCNAcirc mD^nnotCNrdquo btAEliglAEligcW bXnzH MNAEligAEligT (1divide11iquest

2divide20iquest 3divide18) ldquognotrdquo XNAumlhM ldquomD^nTrdquo ytAEliglW xysS KRSegraveS nW bcedillW gcurrenAumlY

sectY kyTfrac34WM wgN xNAumlCM trdquoWauml xU_aumlT xAtildeWQMYacuteYacute ngR GN tmuacuteuacuteY

ysecircSW xwrdquoqR tkTlOuml ldquognotrdquo ycedillW SAtilderaquo ldquoxMsectKrdquo bcedillW SM stmicro GNfrac12

xLqbLM ycedill satildeCfrac12 ldquognotAcirc mD^nTrdquo ycedillTNS MNAEligAEligT XNAacuteT lqblT Ogravel

yhltfrac34 rsquo_eacuteS xysS KRsegraveSNfrac12 ldquoxMsectmicroCNAcirc mD^nnotCNrdquo nW bcedillW mrt

XMnT mLXKt$N kFegravefrac12 ldquoxysS KRSegraveS gnotCNAcirc mD^nnotCNrdquoM nW ycedillWN

gcurrenAumlY yenSktl XNAumlhM mLXKt$Nfrac12 ldquobgnotCNAcirc bxAumlfrac34CN bxysS KRSegraveS [UAcirc

WqT dgiquest lXRs xhNMfrac12 lzsectlMM KBR YhNiquest xraquoNrdquo (3divide18) bcedillW rdquoL

mIgrave=t$frac12 yxysS KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute

ymKfOgraveW qcurren_R ldquoxMsectmicroCNAcirc mD^nnotCNrdquo (1divide1) BlOuml ymLXKt$ mZgAtilde

KFL ldquognotCNAcirc mD^nnotCNrdquo (3divide18) yenlt$ xysS KRSegraveS gnotCNAcirc xMsectmicroCN

mccedilnN bxNaringT ycedilgL nWYacuteYacute ymZgAtildeW NGGR secircSecircecircEAcirc WAumlecircE TRgcurrenNtilde

KRSegraveSN ycediluacutey kccedilniquest YHNn secircSW XNAumlhM WAumlecircE TRgcurrenM tkTlOuml KRSegraveS

xMsectKAcirc mD^nT nW ycedillWN gcurrenAumlY mqmL XNAacuteT lkBdN OgravelmdashwGD xRtimesSiquest

XNd QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT TMHRT xysS KRSegraveS ldquognotCNAcirc xMsectmicroCNrdquo nW

144 Zn kyenhiquest 155YacuteYacute


66

7) BpermilWAtildeN 18 WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE TNtAcirc ldquoπρὸς δὲ τὸν υἱόν Ὁ θρόνος σου ὁ θεὸς εἰς τὸν αἰωνα του αἰωνος καὶ ἡ

ῥάβδος της εὐθύτητος ῥάβδος της βασιλείας σουrdquo

o ldquoSl Ldeg GN XNAumlH YsectLiquest xMsectK ccedilYiquest zIacuteNH kzsectlM XSk zsectlM [Negrave YntildepermilLiquest

DQM ymNG|TH bTR YccedilAcircLrdquo (y1993 xAumls mdbfrac34 TRgcurrenMmdashxNtRAcircgtAcircL mF

QCcedilS yen~bR) o ldquoSl Ldeg GNmdash xMsectK ccedilY zIacuteNH XSk zsectlM DrS YntildepermilLiquest ymNG|TH bTR yQNnT

bTR nWrdquo (y1954 TRgcurrenMmdashyxTtimesugraveAtilde mF QCcedilS yen~bR)

o ldquowbXNt wLCcedils Yb mNbRk XGzaring lrsaquolm rsaquolM bTr DQ bTr mNG|Tkrdquo (Luacuten


o ldquoSl Ldeg GN xl zIacuteNH xMsectK lzsectlM nWYacuteYacute ymNG|TH bTR yQNnT bTR nWrdquo

(y1879 TRgcurrenMmdashz BparatEgt xND aeligparaN AEligYBL ƒuacuteYtamp)

o ldquoSl Ldeg GNfrac12 xMsectK ccedilY zIacuteNH lzsectlM YntildepermilLiquest mNG|THN bDQ notStAumlDpermillHrdquo


yBpermilWAtildeN mF MpermilF xND xysS KRSegraveS kmsectXKT hl bsectY XNd

ccediln bcedilgLbT WD WS_ ymZNtildeR mFN bm_qS yXGzxBR LJ yccedilnW

xysS KRSegraveS kxB ytly mccedilnN kgl[ bldquosect XRs permils xMsectK mccedilnN AtildeStMpermilLYacuteYacute

ldquoSl Ldeg GN XNAumlH AtildesectLmdash

xMsectK ccedilYiquest zIacuteNH kzsectlM XSk zsectlM [Negrave YntildepermilLiquest DQM ymNG|TH

bTR YccedilAcircLiquest DQN wdDHiquest mEacuteN -sectHiquest SlzH XGzxBR xMsectKH kAEligLNjeacuteCH

bsectY xSqm-Hiquest ydSnotNM zYT qAEligHrdquo (1divide8-9)

yBpermilWAtildeN mLXKT [êth YHN KFL y-qsW kmZNtildeR 45divide6-7 nWYacuteYacute YH

ymZNtildeR KFL ycedilAcircgrW Sl XSpermilxL Ng| 45divide1-5 Slccedilnfrac12 yXSpermilxL Ng| xMsectK

btAEliglbT mLk xysS KRSegraveSM xMsectK mAEligl yxysS KRSegraveSN F[M xMsectKnT

xAtildeuacuteYM ycedilL yNtildeGT n_B lqRB YCsectLYacuteYacute

bKFl WS_ yt-qsWfrac12 ldquoxMsectKrdquo ycedillW m-paraAtildefrac12 yXSpermilxLN Ng|

ycedilAtildeuacuteY xYdlM145YacuteYacute bnbdagger xuacuteYAtildeS yTNbT mFfrac12 ldquoxyennxLrdquo ycedillW m-paraAtilde

145 xNAumlND MhpermilN mZNtildeR 45 yXSpermilxLN Ng| xMsectK xsectlM MKNAtildet$M KFl mtRgOumlM AtildelbTfrac12

ldquozIacuteNH lzsectlM nWrdquofrac12 ldquoXGzxBR bTr mNG|THN SlcedilAtilde[AcircLH mNG|TH zsectlyenecircE YccedilAcircLrdquofrac12 ldquomNbRH zsectlyenecircE nWrdquo wzt tBlOuml nW AEligY AcirccWYacuteYacute ngR lXnzH xyenpermil+ TRgcurrenaumlC hl x_Ub AtildelmccedilAcirccWN PeacuteOslashsR NtildeEcirc paraS aumlGtecircLYacuteYacute ngR yXSpermilxLN Ng| XGzxBR yenlt$ Ng xMsectK nbR lyenlT uacuteYccedilNfrac12 kAumlecircET zR ycedilwldWN Ng| ycedilAtildemlKT TNbnotecircE mLXKT mccedilnN AtildeSrAumllYacuteYacute Harris Jesus as God 191


67

ynbdagger xuacuteYAtildeS LJ yyenR šsectL brvbargt AEligZ m-paraAtilde YMsL XNcopy (xuacuteYAtildeS 8divide3iquest 7divide14)

SAtilderaquoW TNbnotecircE mLXKT SlnbrWfrac12 ldquoxyennxLrdquo ycedillW SM lxysS KRSegraveS m-

paraAtilde ccedilntilde XAcircgszligecirclN (yentampatildeS 1divide22-23)YacuteYacute LK XNdzh hl mZNtildeR 45M Sl XSpermilxL

sBxecircE Ng| ycedilAtildewpermil bmSLM146 ymZNtildebdquo TNbnotecircE mLXKT GN yAumlecircET zR

XNAumlhM zsectlyenecircE Ng| SlccedilnW Sl ms ycedilAcircgR nWYacuteYacute YH TNnotn tumlyenn

lmccedilnfrac12 mZNtildeR 45 bGL YAcircgpermilLYacuteYacute qcurren_R 2 sectY msNfrac12 ÂtildeL (BpermilYS_

giumlR kxuacuteYAtildeS 9divide6 UR AtildenUacutehellipL) slWfrac12 qcurren_R 3 dGaumlfrac12 GRyenAcirc aumlgS ycedillT

xMsectmicroecircE AEligRAtildeT XNAumllT YgLUacuteL ksAEligWAtildeN Ng| F[M ysectqAcirc ytly mccedilnN

YgLUacuteL YAcircgpermilLYacuteYacute kqcurren_R 4-7 AEliglW KFL dGauml Ng XWnTfrac12 TTAcircAcirc aumlgS

gNzb XNd ccedilnfrac12 zIacuten zsectlyenecircE zIacuteN XNd ccediln YgLUacuteLYacuteYacute btlY qcurren_R 8-15 AEliglW

KFL Ng Ntildegtpermil XNAumllW XNAumlhM yNgAcirc yNtildegtpermillsquot$ KBR ytgl-bT mNgD

ymsNAcirc ybt KRStEAtildeNN mUacutex Egrave fNnot ycedilAtildemsectKT nW (permilXY 21)YacuteYacute btlY

yrsaquolM ng|notT hl XNdcedilsGCcedillTAcirc MSUAcircN XNdcedilAtildeqRblT ycedilAcircgbdquoT XnzH

MNAEligAEligT Ng ksBxecircE ng|notT F[M ytly mccedilnN ycedilAtildeuacutedagger AcirccW147YacuteYacute bx-rdquosectY

mZNtildeR 45 Sl sBxecircE Ng| ycedilAcircgR uacuteYccedilNfrac12 zsectlyenecircE SlccedilnW Ng|Acirc Sl ms

ycedilAtildeStMR TNbnotecircE ZyenEcirc nW148YacuteYacute

lzHM nW yBpermilWAtildeN [êth mZNtildeR 45 Sl Ldeg ycedilAcircgR MNAEligB nW

ycedillW (BpermilWAtildeN 1divide8)YacuteYacute AumlecircETfrac12 slOumlaumlN XNAumlhM llOumlC yXSpermilxL ng|notT

yXGzxBRN ZB kxybdquouacutelM ccedilnW ys-T xmpermilR bXGzxBR zIacuteN sectY ccedilntilde

yXGzxBRN ZB ycedilmpermilWN yXGzxBRN LJ xmsectmicroC nW (BpermilWAtildeN 1divide2-

3)YacuteYacute YHM yXGzxBR LJ msectXKT ycedilsGCcedillT (qcurren_R 6)frac12 syenYNAcirc MDRN yf-

r (qcurren_R 10) XNAumlhM F_rnott$N yyen_IacuteT KHlOumlT AtildelW nW (qcurren_R 11-12)YacuteYacute XnzH

hl xSdAcircqE NGGeacuteC ycedilngbdquolT xysS KRSegraveS kmsectXKT SM hl bsectY ysectq SM

AEliglbT mccediln BOgrave uacuteYccedilN (qcurren_R 4)frac12 ldquoxMsectKrdquo ycedillWM SM AEliglbT nW (qcurren_R

8)149YacuteYacute

XSmicrohN lyenyT XNd aumlkRnW BpermilWAtildeN 1divide8 byenAtildešyen mNgD xysS

KRSegraveSN xMsectK YlecircL ycedillWN xStMHeacute yyenYqbl satildeC lNtildeGnotcW mkpermilkparaAtilde

n_B xDRgW ycedil-QsT qcurren_R 8 xysS KRSegraveSN xMsectK YblW XNcopy qcurren_R 9

dGauml kmZNtildeR 45 bm_qSfrac12 XRs permils xB xMsectk XNd ccediln YAcircgpermilL btimesC AcirccWYacuteYacute

146 mf mZNtildeR SlyTfrac34W yXSpermilxL Ng| XNdcedilAcircgR Atildelmnotwq$ gcurrenAumlY mf mZNtildeR

Ng| sLfrac12 msN lyenmsectkT XNd ccediln yBlY kAumlN MhpermilN AtildeSrAumllYacuteYacute 147 notsectq$ yXSpermilxL Ng|frac12 Ng| AumlecircET Slpermils ytAcircgpermilcW ycedilmSl NGGeacuteC XNmicro bAumlS kAumlN

mUacuteFT Slpermils uacuteYccedilN zsectlyenecircE SlccedilnW Ng| YWM Sl ms ytngbdquo TNbnotecircE NGGeacuteC mccedilAcirccW tgLUcircxL (mZNtildeR 16divide8-11 AtildelWN KFL kecircRAtildeT |permil 2divide25-28 UR AtildenUacutehellipL)YacuteYacute 148 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place 149 149 Zn kyenhiquest 150YacuteYacute


68

ngR GN ksectY lyenyT XNd aumlkRnW yXGzxBR LJ yccedilnW xysS KRSegraveS XRs

permils xMsectK XNd ccediln hl (timesNS 1divide11418iquest 20divide2831)frac12 yBpermilWAtildeN mLXKT [êthM

LK XNd ecircRAtildeW timesNSfrac12 muacute lmuacute xysS xMsectK XNd ccediln hl yxysS

KRSegraveSM xAEligT xMsectK mccedilnN gLUcircxL (timesNS 20divide1728iquest BpermilWAtildeN 1divide89)YacuteYacute xysS

KRSegraveS TSBXT sccedilNfrac12 sW bmccediln MKNAtildeT yF-bdquo xmicroL ccedilntildexL (timesNS 1divide14iquest

ethLugraveSdaggerS 2divide6-7)YacuteYacute SlzHM xysS KRSegraveS xAEligt$N XNd xMsectk KBRN s_egravenotL

(permilXY 3divide12)YacuteYacute YH XNAumll ccedilntilde xysS AEligLtf-rW xMsectmicroecircE AEligRdagger LK XNd xB

xMsectK nWYacuteYacute

8) 1timesNS 520 WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE TNtAcirc ldquoοἴδαμεν δὲ ὅτι ὁ υἱὸς του θεου ἥκει καὶ δέδωκεν ἡμιν διάνοιαν ἵνα

γινώσκωμεν τὸν ἀληθινόν καὶ ἐσμὲν ἐν τῳ ἀληθινῳ ἐν τῳ υἱῳ αὐτου ʼΙησου

Χριστῳ οὑτός ἐστιν ὁ ἀληθινὸς θεὸς καὶ ζωὴ αἰώνιοςrdquo

o ldquoyXGzxBR LJ XNd mEgravefrac12 XWntfrac34 yccedilnWN XRsN XNDAcircWQ yenStecircLN XNd s-N

XAcircWrdquolNiquest Xfrac34M XWntfrac34 bccedilnW bLdeg bxysS KRsegraveS xlNiquest XRs XWntfrac34 xMsectKAcirc

yzsectlM YwT nWrdquo (y1993 xAumls mdbfrac34 TRgcurrenMmdashxNtRAcircgtAcircL mF QCcedilS yen~bR)

o ldquoyXGzxBRM LJ XNd mEgravefrac12 XWntfrac34M yccedilnWN XAcircWQ zND LbAcircN XNd s-N

XAcircWrdquolNiquest XWntfrac34M bccedilnW bXRs xlNiquest XRsM Ldeg xysS KRSegraveS nWYacuteYacute XRs

XWntfrac34 xMsectKAcirc yzsectlM YwT nWrdquo (y1954 TRgcurrenMmdashyxTtimesugraveAtilde mF QCcedilS yen~bR)

o ldquoAcircxMR km wLd XGzxBR mx wwhbn Lb km AcircXMeacute lXgzxBR zbDQYacuteYacute

whlWn zbDQ bwLd XGzxbR bxysS KRSegraveS WXt$ zbxyenN XGzxBR wBn

YwT zlrsaquolMrdquo (Luacuten GXZmdashyen~br mF QCcedilS zxTtimesugraveAtilde)

o ldquoXAcircWrdquolN GN yXGzxBR LJ XNd mEgrave WqTNM s-nYacuteYacute XWntfrac34W ycedilccedilnWN

XAcircWQ zNDYacuteYacute Xfrac34M bXWntfrac34W XNntildepermillN bLdeg bysS KRSegraveSYacuteYacute YH nW XWntfrac34

xMsectK yzsectlNtildeM YwTrdquo (y1879 TRgcurrenMmdashz BparatEgt xND aeligparaN AEligYBL ƒuacuteYtamp)

o ldquoyXGzxBR LJ XNd mEgraveAcirc XWnT yccedilnWN XRsN XNDAcircWQ xStecircY LbAcirc XNd s-

N XAcircWrdquolNiquest Xfrac34M bzH XWnT bccedilnW bxysS KRSegraveS XNntildepermillNYacuteYacute XRs XWntfrac34

xMsectKAcirc yzsectlM YwT nWrdquo (y1980 xAumlS TRgcurrenMmdashxTtimesugraveAtilde mF QCcedilS yen~bR)

ldquoXRs XWntfrac34 xMsectKAcirc yzsectlM YwT nWrdquo bcedillW rFt ngR sectYfrac12 ldquoXRsrdquo

(GparaK ldquoaringWegraveS xStENrdquo ldquoοὑτός ἐστινrdquo) ycedillW rdquoL xBN nW ycedilAtildeuacuteyW wYS wLDN

nW bcedillW gcurrenAumlY sectY TMHRt zlQ seth WZGB xsectcWYacuteYacute bngr mldivideT

WqnotcWM ccediln bKRStEAtildeAcircecircE YwnotcW TLQ kbEcircnot ytgOumlAcirc[ucircT Sm _R ybt

KRStEAtildeN xAEligegraveC (lMuacutelmdash xTAcirctampatildeSfrac12 yXSKNDRAtildeW qampRlOumlSfrac12 yGparaK d KnotAEligTN

lmjmparaAtilde gz wd secttEN IgraveNIgrave ytrgOumlmW yeacuteMfrac12 mRÂtilden tDicircatildec$ yenRtEN

ltRAcirc iacuteN microLvN) ldquoXRsrdquo ycedillW rdquoL xysS KRSegraveSN ycedilAtildeuacuteY bmccedilnfrac12 ldquoXWntfrac34


69

xMsectKAcirc yzsectlMrdquo YwT ytAEliglW xysS KRSegraveS nW ycedilL -Nmicropermil xIgraveM nbpermilcWYacuteYacute

EcircaumlND BpermilWN ytAEliglTN Sm _R yAumlS kAumlN lQ =Meacutefrac12 bRmicronot MhpermilN KFl

xysSN XWntfrac34 xMsectKAcirc yzsectlM YwT BlOumlnotL bcedillW gcurrenAumlY sectY -Nmicropermil xIgraveM

xsectcWYacuteYacute

timesNS 17divide3 AEligl iumlnotatildeC sectY XGzxBR xB ldquoXWntfrac34 xMsectKAcirc yzsectlM

YwTrdquo XNd tAEliglW hlfrac12 bzH KFL dGauml xysS KRSegraveS XWntfrac34 xMsectKAcirc

yzsectlM YwT tBlOumlxL (XNAumlhM 1timesNS 1divide2 YmlkaL)YacuteYacute ecircRAtildeW timesNS

bwNgl mGbAtildeAcirc bwNgl yen-rdquolAtilde sectY xysS ldquoxMsectKrdquo XNd ccediln XNd gl[W hl

(timesNS 1divide1iquest 20divide28) bmjmparaAtilde mLXKt$ mGbAtildeAcirc mIgraveAring sectYfrac12 ldquoyzsectlM YwTrdquo

mccedilnNM YgLUacuteL (1timesNS 1divide2iquest 5divide20)YacuteYacute bWCcedil WS_ ldquoyzsectlM YwTrdquo ytAEliglW xB

uacuteYccedilN wLD kccediln (1timesNS 1divide2iquest 5divide20iquest 11divide25iquest 14divide6) XNAumlhM ldquoXRsrdquo (GparaK ldquoccedilWegraveS

xStENrdquo ldquoοὑτός ἐστινrdquo) ycedillW xmLmicroC tWsect- SM xBN uacuteYccedilN xysSN yenmLkt$

(1timesNS 5divide6iquest 2timesNS 7)frac12 bMNAEligb WS_ xysSfrac12 ldquoXWntfrac34 xMsectKAcirc yzsectlM

YwTrdquo ymccediln gcurrenAumlY yyenNsup1sup1W Q YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute

xNAumlND satildeCfrac12 ldquoXRsrdquo (ldquoccedilWegraveS xStENrdquo ldquoοὑτός ἐστινrdquo) ycedillW xmLmicroC

tWsect- SMfrac12 bxQpermilbAtildeW AtildelWN WD BOgrave sectAtildemlKT YCsectLiquest SlzH ldquoXRsrdquo

ycedillW xmLmicroC tWsect- SM xBN lAtildemlKT SlcedilCL (1timesNS 5divide11) ldquoXWntfrac34

xMsectKAcirc yzsectlM YwTrdquo ytAEliglW wLD uacuteYccedilN xB lccedilN YCsectL ycedilL GMT

xsectcWYacuteYacute YH yNtildeGT n_B -Nmicropermil yyenYccedilNbT bY MKNAtildeTfrac12 ldquoXRsrdquo (ldquoccedilWegraveSrdquo

ldquoοὑτόςrdquo) ycedillW xmLmicroC tWsect- SMfrac12 bxQpermilbAtildeW AtildelWN wLDN uacuteYccedilNfrac12 kMNAEligb

Rouml ycedilgszligWN xBN AtildemlktbT MKNAtildeT MN XNd ccediln bGL xLsfrMYacuteYacute yAumlS

kAumlN GparaK secircsWNM ccediln yllOumlC IgraveNIgraveatildeCN secircSW ytmlkTN kccedilnfrac12 tWsect- SaumlC

bxQpermilbAtildecW ycedilgszligTN AEliglbegraveC ycedilAtildemlKt$ XNcopy kWCcedil Rouml ycedilgszligWN xmicroL

lAtildemsectKt$ xYClMYacuteYacute AtildeEgraveQuacutel XNmicro bAEligL bQRB ycedilgszligWN yrFt ngbdquoN AEliglbT

uacuteYccedilNfrac12 bbdquoQ AtildelWN xmicroL ycedilAtildemlKTbT x_Ub MKNAtildeT MN XNd ccediln mQrB

YntildeRbnotLYacuteYacute

bx-rdquosectY WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE yenSrcopyatildeC bGL XNdcedilAtildemlKt$T 1timesNS 5divide20

Sl xysS KRSegraveS XWntfrac34 xMsectKAcirc yzsectlM YwT nW ycedilL GL TMHRT

xlWYacuteYacute

II ykRtimesS κύριός( ) WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE TNnotn kwNgL zyentampatildeS XSk permilXdagger ltimesNS xbqlMsS AtildelTN brvbarAtilde sAEligT yAumlS

kAumlN mUacuteFT XNAumlAtildeW bGLb yzlrdquoAEligcW yenNfrac34WM sWfrac12 xysS KRSegraveS Laelig

Laelig ldquoxMsectKrdquo wYM ldquoXGzxBRrdquo ymAEliglN AtildeHLfrac12 ldquognotrdquo bcedillW SAtilderaquo GN XJG

tdUUcedil bccediln mLk xysS KRSegraveSN bcedilAtildemlKTbT mLk _QM sectY XNd ecircl


70

bqsectl yenStecircL YCsectLYacuteYacute bRmicronot satildeCfrac12 ldquoxMsectKrdquo ycedillW SAtilderaquo yxysS KRSegraveSN

xMsectKnT XNdcedilAtildeuacuteYfrac12 ldquognotrdquo ycedillW SAtilderaquo GN bAtildeNS ldquoxMsectKrdquo kcedillW SM YLQ

yxysS KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT byenuacuteyt$ rgD Atildens -qraquonot XNAumllW lgMt$ YCsectlYacuteYacute

ldquoxysS KRSegraveS xMsectmicroecircE SM xlWrdquo bcedillW _AcircT mjmparaAtilde sectY lyenyT XNd

aumlkRnWfrac12 bBlAtildeTM ccediln bAumluacuteTfrac12 ldquoXGzxBRrdquo wYM ldquoxMsectKrdquo (GparaK ldquotampatildeSrdquo

ldquoθεὸςrdquo) ycedillW yGparaK rdquoL btlAtildey WD WS_ ytlAtildey TRgcurrenM wKlOuml _QM sectY

XNd ecircl QbL ymccedilnN AtildeHLfrac12 ldquognotrdquo (GparaK ldquokRtimesSrdquo ldquoκύριόςrdquo) ycedillWM rdquoL ytlAtildey

TRgcurrenM wKlOuml _QM sectY WlOumlxLYacuteYacute

ysBrsaquo lrdquoAcircT bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW yBlY kAumlN yGparaK TRgcurrenMfrac12 yXGzxBR

yt[Wacirc SM yccedilnWN AtildeHecircamp ycedillWN yBpermilYS_ m-paraAtildefrac12 xBsup2frac34WN gz ldquognotrdquo

(GparaK ldquokRtimesSrdquo ldquoκύριόςrdquo) bcedillW yGparaK rdquoL nW ytmicroW150YacuteYacute xAumls mdbfrac34 TRgcurrenM

bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW yxyenRfrac34 mF QCcedilS TRgcurrenMfrac12 ldquoAtildeHecircamprdquo ycedillWN SMfrac12

ldquoXGzxBRrdquo BlOuml strgcurrenmW (y|n ucircN WbT lm-bQ xNAumlND gz gnot

yenlt$ XNd t-bq hl) ytqbdquoT yxyenRfrac34 mF QCcedilS TRgcurrenaumlC GNfrac12 ldquognotrdquo

XNAumlhM ldquoXGzxBRrdquo ycedillWN SAtilderaquo byenqAtildeyR t-QmecircLYacuteYacute

yBlY kAumlN MNAEligAEligT AtildeHecircamp BOgrave XWntfrac34 xMsectK XNd ccediln bxNaringT YgLUacutel

(zAumlGM 4divide3539iquest 32divide39iquest 2uacuteNtildexL 22divide32iquest xuacuteYAtildeS 37divide20iquest 43divide10iquest 44divide6-8iquest 45divide51421-

22iquest 46divide9)YacuteYacute bmjmparaAtildeW megrave KFl zmN ynbbdquo BpermilWAtildeN ldquoAtildeHecircamprdquo151 ycedillWN SM

Atildelm_permilT wYM BlAtildeTN bcedilAtildenbbT gz ldquoAtildeHecircamprdquo ycedillWN SM ldquoxigraveAcircYrdquo bcedillW

SM tKegrave yyenNbB LyenD nbpermilcWiquest lzH XNd ecircnfrac34 MKNAtildeT tdRmacr ycedilwsdW yg

mFfrac12 ldquoyxMsectKHN yXGzxBR SM bkNt$ xT_permilrdquo SlcedilLfrac12 MAcircLAEligT

yxMsectmicroCNN SM bkNt$ -RtN xMsectmicroCNN LAcircuacuteZnW XNCsectlN kcedilL FRˆT

ymn= nW152YacuteYacute

150 ldquoAtildeHecircamprdquo SlcedillW SM seth yenBpermilparaAtilde kflg tSIacuteuuml eacutebliquest yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteCAcirc xStMHeacutexcW brdquol

XGzxBR smzN (xAumlS xbAEligiquest permilY xuacutenotcedil DRJT) g 60-74 YmlkaLYacuteYacute 151 ldquoAtildeHecircamprdquo ycedillW SM XGzxBR xMsectK ypermils m-paraAtilde XNAumlccedilN lpermils microwEgravecW SaumlC maacuteL xNCcedil

bccedilNM YH SM bTKKL XNAacuteT XNdcedil-permilfrac14cedilnbB yenNM xAtildeWQMYacuteYacute YH SM bBlY kAumlN mUacuteFT

kSDST sup1H gz bsectY yt-qs bccedilNM yrdquolN TKKLfrac34 xnAEligbB MN XNd ccediln xNDM sW

xAtildeWqWMYacuteYacute rdquol ldquotimesD ecircW rdquo (יהוה) ktAEliglT xpermilT tnAEligb yBpermilYS_ ethdsectT ytecircqr Slccediln

(XnzH xpermilT ethdsectT tampTpermilGpermilyentN wYM tampTpermilGpermilM bmAEligL Ynotwrdquol) TKKlfrac34W xnAEligbB yt$ XNd

ccediln xNDM sW xAtildeWQMYacuteYacute 152 bmjmparaAtildeW megrave KFl zmN mjmparaAtilde sectY ynbrW xYhAumlecircEW ynotparaK [êth timessF wLd divideRtimesN

(Josephus)frac12 AtildeHecircamp ycedillWN yXGzxBR SM lmUacuteF wYM BlAtildeTN xEgraveQicirc lmzgB bcedilbLGbT gz

hl AtildeHecircamp ycedillWN SM gnot bcedillW SAtilderaquo tKegrave YF nbRYacuteYacute bmjmparaAtildeW megrave KFl zmN bXSKNDRAtilde YntildeR ynbrW xYhAumlecircEW fsectSIacute ethlOuml (Philo of Alexandria) XND timessF wLD divideRtimesN

baeligc$ WS_ hl AtildeHecircamp ycedillWN SM xigraveAcircY (gnotuuml) bcedillW SAtilderaquo tKegrave Y-permilAcirc YF nbRYacuteYacute NtildeT

AEligR xmicroAEligb qcurrenMpermilN bmAEligL bcedil-permilW SFpermil ytgszligTAcirc yNtildeT AEligR _QlOumlC bmAEligL ycedilnotwq$T d


71

yAumlS kAumlN yGparaK mUacuteFTfrac12 ldquoAtildeHecircamprdquo ycedillWN SMM ccedilnfrac12 XGzxBR ycedil-

permilAEligcWN llOumlC SaumlCN xND gz XNmicro t-QmW xAcircgMYacuteYacute yAumlS kAumlN [ˆFAtildeN

BlY kAumlNN xEgraveQsW bUacuteucircAEligcW iumlnotatildeC hl XNmicrofrac12 AtildeHecircampNM ccediln llOumlC

yXGzxBRN SaumlC bq_not km_qS YLQfrac12 ldquotampatildeSrdquo (θεός) wYM ldquokRtimesSrdquo (κύριός)

ycedillTN GparamicroecircE SAtilderaquoatildeCN nW yt-qNtildeT153YacuteYacute

bx-rdquosectY yAumlS kAumlN yGparaK d KnotAEligTfrac12 ldquoAtildeHecircamprdquo ycedillWN yBlY kAumlN SM

baeligOgravecW WS_ AtildeLt-qNtilde sccedilNfrac12 kBlY kAumlN yt-qsTM KFlOumlC bccedilnfrac12

ldquokRtimesSrdquo XAcirc ldquotampatildeSrdquo bcedillW GparamicroecircE SAtilderaquo nW yttkTYacuteYacute ym-bqEAtilde GNB ymF

QCcedilSAcirc yTpermilKT yen~bR bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC DRJTfrac12 kzH XWnT

UR btrdquorn mLkfrac12 ldquoyxAumlst$ rsaquolM TRgcurrenMrdquo (NWT)154 bmAEligL bcedilnotwqW yDRJt$

yXNGlZfrac34 mF QCcedilS TRgcurrenMfrac12 AtildeHecircamp ycedillWN SM bAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT

WS_ 237 gz t-QaumlbnotL155YacuteYacute MhpermilN YH yDRJt$ xmicroyumlD xysS KRSegraveS F-R

nW XNAumlhM kxB AtildeNuacuteL ycedillWN xStMHeacuteWN XNAumldGFlT MN AtildeHL XNd -

qmW ycedilktlTN KFlOumlC kxAumlst$ rsaquolM TRgcurrenM sectY YmlkaL (yecircRAtildeT |permil

2divide1iquest 10divide13iquest yentampatildeS 11divide27iquest timesNS 20divide28)YacuteYacute Sm _R ycedilAEligl yGparaK IgraveNIgrave lrdquoWNT

YHN ymF QCcedilS TRgcurrenM bxND DMfrac12 lDRJt$ xStMHeacute lOumll Atildedrfrac12 MhpermilecircE

AtildeLccediln ymF QCcedilS TRgcurrenM sl kOumlNnWnotL156YacuteYacute ym-mbqEAtilde GNB DRJT AtildeHecircamp

bcedillW yxMsectK SM sectY ycedils-WN ytuacuteuacutet TMHRT XzH sectY gnot xDRgN bAumlS

KnotAEligTfrac12 yqcurrenMpermiln yen~brsB AtildeHecircamp ycedillWN SM xigraveAcircY (gnotuuml) bcedillW SM tKegrave YglgLbT XNd

nbr XnzH DRuacuteAcircT YgLUacutelYacuteYacute 153 sup2Ecirc k5700 bsectY XJG _NnotecircE ycedilAEligl yGparaK d KnotAEligT bXcopyCN sectY Atildel sccedilNfrac12 XnzH d KnotAEligT

bxNAumlND MNAEligAEligT sectY ytwsn LdaggernT AtildesectcW bccedilNM xNDM d KnotB yBlY kAumlnN yXGzxBRN SM bq_not xLUacutefMYacuteYacute 154 New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures With References (Brooklyn Watchtower Bible and Tract

Society 1984) 155 DRJt$ AtildeHecircamp bcedillW SM sectY ycedils-WN TMHRT kcedilktlW mF sectY ymlkaL kQCcediluacuteN

aeligC Xy-qs yenmpermilmR (Brooklyn Watchtower Bible and Tract Society 1994) 191-199 DRJt$

bzh RXs gcurrenAumlY sectYfrac12 lzsectlM [Negrave ycedilntilderW mldividenotecircE SM bcedilL RXS AtildeuacutetmWN beacutesup1R

(mlStfrac34 mF) YmlkaLYacuteYacute YH yDRJt$ xStMHeacute ytuacuteuacutet nW ycedillWN ytSIacuteuuml eacutebliquest yYDaggerecirc

MSKeacuteCAcirc xStMHeacutexcW brdquol XGzxBR smzN (xAumlS xbAEligiquest permilY xuacutenotcedil DRJT) g 60-74 mF YmlkaLYacuteYacute ym-bqEAtilde GNB DRJT AtildeHecircamp ycedillWN SM btmlkt ycedils-WN TMHRT xSmLKegrave yenwQ AtildelBN mrnotecircEW qcurrenM ngR (1) XGzxBR xMsectK AtildeHecircamp bcedilL SM t-RegravexLYacuteYacute

(2) YH yXGzxBR SM XNAacuteT XNdcedilnbB yenNM sW xAtildeWQMYacuteYacute (3) xysS KRSegraveS XGzxBRN

AtildeHecircamp bcedillW SM -RegraveT xAtildeWQMYacuteYacute xysS xAEligt$N xAEligtamp BlOuml nWYacuteYacute (4) xyenregC XGzxBRN

xAElignotCN BlW ym_permilT mBT ts_egravexcecircLYacuteYacute (5) AtildeHecircamp ycedillW SM bxNDM yAumlS kAumlN yGparaK

d KnotAEligT sectY xYgMYacuteYacute (6) zixT TLQ TkcurrenrT ycedils-W bXGzxBR SM sectY uacuteYccedilN TWLD

hl lAtildeWqW bcedilgAEligW kSNtilde bStjRAElig AEliglW yXGzxBR AEligRY YWM bXGzxBR lrsaquosectecircEnTAcirc

zsectlyenecircEnT sectY nW (tSIacuteuuml eacutebliquest yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC g 67-68)YacuteYacute 156 Robert M Bowman Jr Understanding Jehovahs Witnesses Why They Read the Bible the Way They Do

(Grand Rapids Baker 1991) 109-122


72

kAumlN MNAEligAEligT xysS KRSegraveS gnot mAEliglfrac12 BlY kAumlN YHecircamp kcedillW SM UR AtildelW

qcurrenRT xND YnT mccedilnN XNmLkTYacuteYacute

bxpermilt$M wNgsectT bmGbAtildecW sectYfrac12 ldquoygnotN mNgD xzUdegrdquo157 ycedillWN

ym_Mq$ timesNSN xgLGlOumlT zGbecircLYacuteYacute m_Mq$ timesNS ygnotN mNgD xzUdeg ycedillW

xgLGlOumlt$ yTNbt xuacuteYAtildeS 40divide3 TNbT FUacuteraquo nW (yentampatildeS 3divide3iquest yenRoumlS 1divide3iquest

lrdquoS 3divide4iquest 1divide16iquest timesNS 1divide23)YacuteYacute TNbt cedilLKAtildeS 3divide1 XNAumlH YsectLmdash ldquoXnccediliquest bethtamp

mNgD XNAumlAtildezUJ mLXKtfrac34uumlN XLmicrolhiquest yMTfLgT gnot bDNgT wd bt

mQds YmEgraveLiquest dS yMTsszligbTM yrdquoL kAumln mLXKtfrac34 YmEgraveL YsectL

XGzxBR [AEligaringTrdquoYacuteYacute ksectY btzrzbdquoT MNAEligAEligT sectY ldquoygnot mLXKtfrac34rdquo ytAEliglW

m_Mq$ timesNS sccedilN XRsM ldquognotrdquo XNAumlhM ldquoXGzxBR [AEligaringTrdquo ktAEliglW xMsectK

ethT ethT YyumlAumlLiquest YHM XGzxBR [AEligaringT gnot xysS KRSegraveS nWYacuteYacute

xysS bMDR sectY bnbrW xgLGlOumlt$frac12 ldquognotfrac12 gnotrdquo (ldquokEcirc kEcircrdquo ldquoκύριε κύριεrdquo)

ycedill XNAumlhM bSNtilde tumlMpermilTN XNdcedilAtildedRg ycedilAtildeWdeg ngR GN XRsN

yyenYnotzzTN satildeC XNdcedilqEgrave bGL xS-NQoumlxL (yentampatildeS 7divide21-23iquest lrdquoS 1divide16iquest

timesNS 1divide23)YacuteYacute YHfrac12 ldquognotfrac12 gnotrdquo (ldquokEcirc kEcircrdquo ldquoκύριε κύριεrdquo) ycedillW SAtilderaquo bsBrsaquo

lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM ytlmd sccedilNfrac12 yBpermilYS- ldquognot AtildeHecircamprdquo (zAumlGM 3divide24iquest 9divide26iquest

1ng|T 8divide53iquest mZNtildeR 69divide6iquest ZQxL 20divide49iquest xauml 7divide25) wYM AtildeHecircamp gnot

(mZNtildeR 109divide21iquest 140divide7iquest 141divide8) lcedillW SM xOgrave SAtilderaquo nWYacuteYacute YHM bBlY kAumlN

AtildeHecircampN XNcopy llOumlCN xmicrosectT bF[M yyenAtildemlKT mccedilnfrac12 ldquognotrdquo ycedillW SM yxysS

KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT yenuacuteyt$ tumlyenn YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute

xysSfrac12 bglsect AEligR dq msup2NtildeRt$ rsaquoœ Atilde-MCcedilAEligT bnbrCW jLAElig WS_ tegrave uacutelfrac12

^Ylfrac34 yenbL bAEligbdquo sectY tn|egrave jLAEligecircN bAcircEgraveT gz dq msup2NtildeRt$frac12 ldquognot ccedilY -

IacuteNiquest xDnN xlTrdquo (ldquognot ccedilY xDnNrdquo ldquokEcirc icircWicircNrdquo ldquoΚύριε σωσονrdquo yentampatildeS 8divide25)YacuteYacute

xysSN bWbrvbar sectY syumlD ytmlktW rsquo_eacuteSfrac12 ldquognotrdquo bWbrvbar sectY XNAumlmEgrave XNAumlAtildezW

k-yq bldquosectfrac12 bWbrvbarW sectY myumlD jmriquest yNIacutes BRnotT XJG AtildeuacutesbW rsquo_eacuteS

mSm_ bmjmbdquo MKNAtildeTfrac12 ldquognot ccedilY xDn BlOuml ocircrdquo (ldquognot ccedilY xDnrdquo ldquokEcirc

icircWicircN cedilrdquo ldquoὁ κύριε σωσόνrdquo yentampatildeS 14divide30)YacuteYacute YH Ynt$ yTDGAcirc _para bBlY kAumlN

mUacuteFT yXGzxBRN notAumlgnT bmšT qRiuml mgszligt$ (ldquognot ccedilY xDnNrdquo ldquoccedil kEcirc

icircWicircNrdquo ldquoΚύριε σωσόν μεrdquo mZNtildeR 118divide25) xysS ldquognotrdquo ytAEliglbTAcirc XGzxBR xB

157 mNgD xzUdeg yenlTfrac12 XNQIacuteT yccedilnTN ngeacuteC kmNgD sectY xSwGCcedil yenlT nW (xuacuteYAtildeS 57divide14iquest

62divide10)YacuteYacute b_NT ymmicroklfrac34 M|permilQ xgeacuteC LyenDfrac12 Ng| xNDN SFpermil kmgOumlBszligt$ bethT mLXKtregC

hnnotWN yenmOgravecT XNAumllAEligcW ycedilAtildemlKT uacuteB nWYacuteYacute Muacutelnt$M gnot wd xybdquouacutelM kmMEgravet$ bethT xWpermil gOumlAumlAcircW mStmicrokL XNAumllbT AtildemlKnotLYacuteYacute m_Mq$ timesNS mNgD xzUdeg ycedillW _paraW NSˆ bmGAEligT lKRSegraveS MxT permilSN yenzUjTN ycedilAtildemlKT nWYacuteYacute


73

ldquognotrdquo ytAEliglbTN WD xND SlcedilAtildedRgWfrac12 ldquognotrdquo ycedillW SM yxysS KRSegraveSN

xMsectKnT xmsectmicroC YccedilAcircL158YacuteYacute

becircRAtildeT |permil ynotparaK mF WS_ bRmicronot gz xyss KRSegraveS xB gnot

btAEliglbT WD gnot tBlOuml Ygfrac34LYacuteYacute yecircRAtildeT |permil mF TrmicroWN ycediljMrW

xysS ldq msup2NtildeRt$ lm=rš gz mnotyt$N XNAumlhM bdq msup2NtildeRt$ ethT wd

sectY yenrgN bmGl nW (ecircRAtildeT |permil 1divide1-11)YacuteYacute dq msup2NtildeRT ymNfS QCcedilSN

MxT bm-AEligbQ wd xysS ldquognot ccedilYrdquo XNAumlhMfrac12 ldquoysatildeCN LB hl yMnotWQrdquo

XAtildel [lOumlT sAtildedRs XNmlknotlN (ecircRAtildeT |permil 1divide24)159YacuteYacute yBlY kAumlN mUacuteFT

ysatildeCN LB hl ycedilAtildeWqW xMsectK AtildeHecircamp XNd ccediln AtildeSrAumll (1ng|T 8divide39)YacuteYacute

bmjmparaAtildeW KRStEAtildeAcircecircE SBkTfrac12 ecircRAtildeW rsquo_eacuteS TNbt xtimesxL bm_qSfrac12

ldquoygnotN SM ycedil-permil hl YDAcircLrdquo sL sbk (ecircRAtildeT |permil 2divide21iquest xdaggerxL 1divide1-11)

rsquo_eacuteS ldquognotrdquo ycedillWN nbdagger xdaggerxLfrac12 ldquoAtildeHecircamprdquo YlecircLiquest YHM ldquognotrdquo ycedillW SAtilderaquo

AtildeHecircamp kcedillW SM UR tnUacuteeacute mQrbN XNAumlhM yxtimesxL TNbT ldquoAtildeHecircamprdquo XAtildel

ycedil-permilW xysSN XNd ccediln XNmlknotlN)YacuteYacute bzH SBkT DMAumlraquo sectYfrac12 brsquo_eacuteS

XNAumlH sL SBkt$N YIgraveAringLfrac12 ldquoXNGAumlHfrac12 XGzxBR YHN XAcircNt ysqsectChTN

xysSNfrac12 gnotM KRSegraveSM XNAumldrgW yXSpermilxL wgN hl YrAumlrdquo (ecircRAtildeT |permil

2divide36)YacuteYacute blrdquoS aeligC WS_ (yenlTM ylrdquoS wNgLAcirc yecircRAtildeT |permil mUacuteFT)

ldquognotM KRSegraveSM xdrgWrdquo sL bethT xysSfrac12 ldquognotAcirc KRSegraveSrdquo xLnbrM yenlT

xYdlMYacuteYacute lrdquoSfrac12 xysS kmwlCcedilM bethT gnotAcirc KRSegraveS XNd nbR gLUcircxL (lrdquoS

2divide11)YacuteYacute rsquo_eacuteSfrac12 ldquognotM KRSegraveSM xdrgWrdquo sLfrac12 XGzxBR xysSN kF kF

SsectdrgWfrac12 satildeC xhN gnotAcirc KRSegraveS mccedilnN bXGzxBR RAumlnot tgnzb lyenlT

nW160YacuteYacute

wd gnot xysS bq_not kqrbW kmjmparaAtildeW [lOumlTAcirc kmjmparaAtildeW

KRStEAtildeAcircecircE SBkT wd mjmparaAtildeW ygnot syenT XNšgRYacuteYacute XS-IacutentildeS laumlT bDNUY

bcedilwgRbT gz xysSN hlT gzfrac12 ldquognotrdquo BlOuml bm_permilT nFsN XNAumlrkbW

XNAumlhM YHN bdL bcedilfNtildeT satildeC sectY ^-xnotcWN XNAumlYsup3_RAEligcW syen-nW

XNmlknotlN (ecircRAtildeT |permil 7divide59-60)YacuteYacute wd xysS m[ldagger yWM TNbt xdaggerxL

ldquoygnotN SM m_permilTrdquo (xdaggerxL 2divide32) kcedillW XNAumlhM rsquo_eacuteS becircRAtildeT |permil

MpermilF hlT sectY kcedilgL[W uacuteB UR xBeacute ycedilyumlD nWYacuteYacute YHN xnUgR yecircRAtildeT

|permil btUacutefbT TrmicroecircE WD yenNbB y_Na bt KRStEAtildeN gnotuuml XAtildelC [lOumlTN wd

158 yentampatildeS kzH mZNtildeR bRmicronot MNAEligAEligTN -Qicirc mgszligt$ YH xnUgR kBlY kAumlN MNAEligAEligT UR xND

mccedilnN xmsectmicroC nW (mZNtildeR 118divide22-2326iquest kyentampatildeS 21divide942 UR XNAumlhM mZNtildeR 118divide25iquest

kyentampatildeS 8divide25iquest 14divide30 AtildenUacutebdquo)YacuteYacute 159 dq msup2NtildeRT ldquognotrdquo ycedillT xysS KRSegraveSN XNd ccediln MpermilF ƒST sectY bTKKL tgLUcircxLYacuteYacute 160 LK XNdzh hl ecircRAtildeW OcircWlOumlSM xysSfrac12 ldquokNtildenotN bmnœt$ yXGzxBR Lj mccediln b^YL

tgl-rdquo (eacuteraquo 1divide4) YlAcircLYacuteYacute


74

xysS yenQrAElig kBlAtildeT xStMHeacute UR snUacute[R yxysS KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT ycedilAtildeuacuteY

nWYacuteYacute

yecircRAtildeT |permil mFfrac12 dq msup2NtildeRT Sl xysS KRSegraveS ycedilAtildeStMbdquoT

TMHRT ldquoygnot rdquoLrdquo tBlOuml m-permilt$ (ecircRAtildeT |permil 8divide25iquest 13divide4448-49iquest 15divide35-36iquest

16divide32iquest 19divide10iquest XNAumlhM ycedilktlTN KFlOumlC YmlkaL 1tslOumlNqamp 1divide8iquest 2tslOumlNqamp

3divide1)frac12 bBlY kAumlN mUacuteFT XGzxBR xMsectK (AtildeHecircamp) lnbAtildet$ kcedilsEgravecW

TNbnotecircE mLXKT UR ycedilnUacute[R nW (lMuacutel 2uacuteNtildexL 24divide11iquest 1ng|T 13divide1-2iquest 2zAcirc

36divide21iquest xuacuteYAtildeS 1divide10iquest xRMAtildeS 1divide4iquest ZQxL 1divide3iquest ccedils 1divide1-2iquest xdaggerxL 1divide1iquest xauml

8divide11-12iquest timesAcircS 1divide1iquest cedilKAtildeS 1divide1iquest cedilLKAtildeS 1divide1)YacuteYacute yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT ldquoygnot rdquoLrdquo

ycedillW yecircRAtildet$ NGGRfrac12 yBlY kAumlN mUacuteFT ldquoyAtildeHecircamp rdquoLrdquo kcedillT UR mnUacute[bdquo

ldquognotrdquo ycedillW SAtilderaquo yxysS KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT XNdcedilAtildeuacuteY ycedilgL nWYacuteYacute

bx-rdquosectY yecircRAtildeT |permil mF xysS KRSegraveS dq msup2NtildeRT [lOumlT

ycedilAtildedRslTfrac12 ysatildeCN hl LB ycedilAtildeWQfrac12 dq msup2NtildeRT lSNtilde syenT ccedilnW

bcedilAtildeLucircbT gz nFuacutecWN XNAumlrkB ycedil-bdquoTfrac12 dq msup2NtildeRt$ lSNtilde KBR

ycedilntildebdquolTAcirc lSNtildeM KBR ycedilaumlt$lTfrac12 rdquolN ycedilAtildeMnAcirc rdquolN bmSbKAcirc byenStyenR

llOumlC XNAumlAtildeMn _para ycedilAtildeqRblT ldquognotrdquo nWYacuteYacute bzH WD WS_ xysS KRSegraveS

ldquognotrdquo mAEligl kBlY kAumln AtildeHecircamp UR XkL ycedilAtildedRgW nW161YacuteYacute

becircRAtildeW OcircWlOumlS aeligC xysS kAtildeHecircamp UR btStmicrokl mNgD bbRmicronot

MNAEligAEligT WS_ gnot tBlOuml t-RegravexLYacuteYacute bzH _AcircT ytwsnTNAcirc xNmicroR xNmicroR

ycedilAEliglTN MNAEligAEligT bAumlsuacute mLK XNrdquofrac34cecirclNYacuteYacute ecircRAtildeW beacuteraquo mLXKt$frac12 ldquoxysS

gnot nW BlH bxFH BTmsKRfrac12 XGzxBRM kNtildenotN XNAumlSnœW bLBH BnotMNfrac12

TDAcirclHYacuteYacute yMT[DqW bLBH xMnH nWiquest yMTDnWM bxFH mSKrH nWAcircrdquo (eacuteraquo

10divide9-10) YsectLYacuteYacute ecircRAtildeWfrac12 ldquoxysS gnot nWrdquo (ldquokRtimesSrdquo ldquoκύριόςrdquo) XNAumlhM

ldquoXGzxBR kNtildenotN XNAumlSnœWrdquo yenmN DnT XNdcedilAtildeSg YgLUacuteLYacuteYacute XNAumlhM bzh

WD WS_ ecircRAtildeW BlAtildeTN -Qicircfrac12 ldquobXRs ycedilAtildeMN hl xAtildeFRMrdquo (qcurren_R 11)

YsectL162YacuteYacute yyenAtildeFrW gTnt$N XNAumlhM kNtildenotN mnœt$N ycedilAtildeMN sW nWYacuteYacute bzh

WD ecircRAtildeW lTMHRt$ yen-AcirckparaAtilde y-qsW yxuacuteYAtildeS 28divide16 MNAEligB XNAumlH YsectLfrac12

ldquoXnccediliquest satildeC XNAumldAcircqucirc ycedilAtildedRG DNUYfrac12 XNAumlwDq$ ycedilAtildedRG lTfrac12 btimesN sectY

xSqMEgravelhiquest bXRsM ycedilAtildeMN xAtildeFRMrdquoYacuteYacute xYhD ytsAcircklbTAcirc ywdq$bT

DNUYfrac14lT xysS nW (lMuacutel ycedilktlTN MNAEligiumlC YmlkaL yentampatildeS 21divide42-44iquest

yenRoumlS 12divide10-12iquest lrdquoS 20divide17-18iquest ecircRAtildeT |permil 4divide10-12iquest 1rsquo_eacuteS 2divide6-8iquest xOslashicircN


161 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place 161 162 ldquoUR pound GpermilOslashrdquo (ldquoγὰρ ἡ γραφήrdquo) ycedillW rGfrac12 ecircRAtildeW lTMHRt$ yenAcirckparaAtilde BlAtildeTN m_qsN

ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute


75

bmq-L ecircRAtildeW XNAumlH YsectLfrac12 ldquobxYhDAcirc bxsup2B mmicrokL LdaggernT ylMiquest

xNCcedil gnot yhl gnot nWAcirciquest ycedillMnTNM xBZegrave YAEligRmicroLrdquo (eacuteraquo 10divide12)YacuteYacute ecircRAtildeWfrac12

lDnT KRSegraveSN yenmN lxYhD BOgrave uacuteYccedilN lxsup2BM +MR nWiquest MKNAtildet$Mfrac12

ldquoxNCcedil gnot yhlM gnot nWAcircrdquo (ldquokRtimesSrdquo ldquoκύριόςrdquo)YacuteYacute xysS KRSegraveSN gnot nW BlOuml

m_permilT [lOumlTAcirc yXMnT xIgraveM XNcopy XNAumlAtildeW ZM BlOuml becircsup2 fsup2sup2 ycedilqRB ySyen

blW YnT _para xYdlM (1oumleacuteNegraveS 1divide2)YacuteYacute

bzH WD OcircWlOumlS lƒStfrac34 gz xysSN KRSegraveSN gnot YlecircLfrac12 ldquoygnotN SM

ycedil-permil hl YDAcircLrdquo (eacuteraquo 10divide13)YacuteYacute YH KFL ytEgraveqsW kxdaggerxL 2divide32 sccedilNfrac12

rsquo_eacuteS bmjmparaAtildeW KRStEAtildeAcircecircE SBkt$N AEligqrb gz BlAtildeTN y-qsW ymjmparaAtilde

KFL nW (ecircRAtildeT |permil 2divide21)YacuteYacute ecircRAtildeW OcircWlOumlSM YHNn yBlY kAumlN KFL

bm_qS yxysSN gnot nW BlOuml ycedilAtildeMN sW DnT XNdcedilAtildeg YgLUacuteLYacuteYacute bzH

WD gnot ytAEliglW xysS KRSegraveS XSk ccediln DrS XNAumlhM YH gnot kxdaggerxL UR

tEgraveQicirc mQrb gnot ycedillW SM kBlY kAumln AtildeHecircamp kcedillW SM UR XkcurrenL XNd ccediln

AtildemlKnotL163YacuteYacute

ecircRAtildeW OcircWlOumlS boumleacuteNegraveS mLXKegravec$ WS_ lRmicronot gzfrac12 xysSN kBlY

kAumln xB UR xOgrave AEligdrg mLk gnot slW XAcircnAEliglNYacuteYacute bxNdfrac34 oumleacuteNegraveS MpermilF

xND sectY BOgrave b10 qcurren_eacuteC WS_ ƒST gz xysSfrac12 gnot tBlOuml s-permil

XNmlknotlNYacuteYacute boumleacuteNegraveS sectlCW yXGzxBR bt KRStEAtildeNiquest bKRSegraveS xysS

tqDsWfrac12 yXnRsAcirc yXfrac34 gnot yccedilnWN ygnotCNN yxysS KRSegraveSN SM bySFpermilW

ccedilnW kcedil-bdquoT hl UR QCcediluacuteN lmccedilN lt-bdquoT (1oumleacuteNegraveS 1divide2) ycedillW yOcircWlOumlS

xnUgR ygnotN SM m_permilT kxMLdivide UR btAtildeAtildez mLK yqrb nWYacuteYacute YH dGauml

BlAtildeT yAtildeHecircampN SM XNDN-permil kcedilAtildeStMbdquoN MNAEligAEligT UR ycedilnUacute[R nW (lMuacutel

xtimesxL 2divide32 sectY AtildelWN KFL ecircRAtildeW kxysS UR AtildeAtildeYzecircL eacuteraquo 10divide13)YacuteYacute k_qET

qcurren_eacuteC bldquosectfrac12 bgnotCN bxysS KRSegraveS qN Atildel nqIacute XNDTgszlig XRs XSk

m=ršW DrS xNegrave Y-BrdquoCldquoL (1divide8 k5divide5 UR AtildenUacutehellipL) ycedillW yecircRAtildeW

xnUgR btlY dGauml AtildelnqIacute (xnNKlegraveS ἀνεγκλήτους) ycedillW rdquoLfrac12 bBlY kAumlN

ycedilqRbWNAcirc nqIacute yllbTN ym|ecircT XNSuacute ycedilAtildeuacuteY sccedilNfrac12 YH yFRD qN

BlAtildeT yAtildeHecircamp qN (lMuacutel xtimesxL 1divide15iquest 2divide11131) slTfrac12 AumlS kAumlN dGaumlfrac12

ygnot qN YlecircL (bxtimesxL 1divide2 sectY ygnotN SM m_permilT XAcirc ygnot qN bxND

MNAEligB WS_ tnUacuterW mgszlignotcWN LB YsectLiquest yecircRAtildeW OcircWlOumlSM NGGR YHN 163 hlM yGparaK d KnotAEligT ldquognotrdquo (ldquokRtimesSrdquo ldquoκύριόςrdquo) ycedill bccedilNM XNAumlhM ldquoAtildeHecircamprdquo ycedilL xNAumlCM

_NnotecircE yGparaK d KnotB bllbT hnnot ym-bqEAtilde GNB DRJT AtildeuacutetmW yxAumlst$ rsaquolM TRgcurrenM ldquognotrdquo ycedillWN rdquoL AtildeHecircampfrac14iacuteccedilŠ BlOuml tRgcurrenaumlnotLYacuteYacute YH Ynt$ lW_ xysSN AtildeHecircampfrac14iacuteccedilŠ nW lyenlT tfLmacr uacuteYccedilNfrac12 KFl Sl xysS uacuteYccedilN Sl xB ycedilAcircgR nW lyenlT nWYacuteYacute xSgpermilcedilW gcurrenAumlY DRJt$ eacuteraquo 10divide9 XNAumlhM qcurren_R 12 ldquognotrdquo ycedillWN rdquoL b-qMM XNAumlhM ldquognotrdquo ycedillW rdquoL xysSN

XNdcedilAtildemlKT bSyenyenM kzH btrdquorn mLk qcurren_R 13 Sl xB ycedilAcircgR nW ycedillW TMHRt$

xNAumlCM DUF ylWMYacuteYacute


76

KFL notuacuteb Atildedrg lccedilN YCsectL)YacuteYacute ecircRAtildeW bmLXKegravec$ WS_ SlzH mUacutex ygnot

qN btdUUcedilnT tAcircGeacutexL (2oumleacuteNegraveS 1divide14iquest ethLugraveSdaggerS 1divide610iquest 1tslOumlNqamp 5divide2iquest

2tslOumlNqamp 2divide1-2iquest 2-aumltampatildeS 1divide18)164YacuteYacute

ksectY btmlkTnW TRgcurrenNtilde ecircRAtildeW xysS KRSegraveSN gnot ycedilLAEligcW bRmicronot

MNAEligAEligT xl165mdash

o ecircRAtildeW TNbt xRMAtildeSN -Qicirc XGzxBRN BOgrave TMKHT yenDrG

XNdcedilAtildeSfLG kgl[ bldquosect (lMuacutel xtimesxL 1divide15iquest 2divide11131)frac12 youmleacuteNegraveS

mLXKt$Nfrac12 ldquoKRSegraveSAcirc XRsM BOgrave XNd tsqlrdquo (1oumleacuteNegraveS 1divide31iquest 2divide2) mwQ

ecircnfrac34 gcurrenAumlY nW sL YgL[ecircLYacuteYacute XNd ecircRAtildeW glUacute ytsqlW xysS ldquoyKBR

gnotrdquo (1oumleacuteNegraveS 2divide8) nWYacuteYacute ecircRAtildeW ynbdagger xRMAtildeSN rdquoL -Qicircfrac12 ldquobgnot notmnrdquo

ycedillW NGGbdquofrac12 xysS KRSegraveSN ycedilAtildeuacuteY kccedilnfrac12 (XNAumlhM ycedilktlTN KFlOumlC

YmlkaL gsectTAtilde 6divide14iquest ethLugraveSdaggerS 3divide3) xysS gnot mAEligl BlAtildeT AtildeHecircampN

bcedilAtildemlKt$bT mNgD nWiquest YHM yxysS KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute

o ecircRAtildeW OcircWlOumlSfrac12 ldquoyXGzxBRN mNfS ytrAumlfrac12 xyenmicroparaWS ccedilntilde AtildeStyenrW

yennWrdquo ycedillWN yxuacuteYAtildeS 40divide3N MNAEligB bm_qSfrac12 ldquoXfrac34 GN yKRSegraveS LB

(xStuacutesB) xlNrdquo (1oumleacuteNegraveS 2divide16) YsectLYacuteYacute YH yenlT yXGzxBR xStuacutesB yenwQ

yMNClW XRs permils uacutebN sgLLN BOgrave nW yenlT nWYacuteYacute bxuacuteYAtildeS mF

AtildeHecircamp ycedillW MNAEligB bAumlS kAumlN xysSN lyenmLkT ldquognotrdquo tBlOuml mQrb

XNAumlhMfrac12 ldquoAtildeHecircampN yenwQrdquo ldquognotN kyenwQrdquo UR mnUacute[bdquo yxysSN xMsectKnT

ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute

o ecircRAtildeW S ycedilsnZbdquobTN satildeC xSmLKegravefrac12 ldquobXn sectY ycedilfRD gnot nWrdquo

(1oumleacuteNegraveS 4divide4) bcedillW NGGbdquo ldquognotrdquo ycedillW rdquoL ycedilAtildemlKtW xysSN nWiquest

MKNAtildet$M yAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT xysS bFRD wNbR sectY ycedilqm-W XRs

XNd ccediln bGL YAcircgpermillAcirc (1oumleacuteNegraveS 1divide8 AtildeSnotWuacuteLiquest XNAumlhM ycedilktlTN

KFlOumlC YmlkaL 1oumleacuteNegraveS 11divide32iquest 2oumleacuteNegraveS 5divide10)YacuteYacute ldquoSlzH gzW uacuteYdRS

bMNM ngR xTFrCcediliquest gnot XSkmEgrave -Bq$YacuteYacute XRs b=lyen WS_ ytswrWN wd

BRbrvbarN AtildemEgraveecircLiquest bsatildeC LB WS_ AtildelWNM uacuteB YgL-ecircLrdquo (1oumleacuteNegraveS 4divide5)YacuteYacute

YHN ycedilAtildedRgW gnot xysS kccediln XNAumlhM BlAtildeT YHN ycedilAtildedRgW AtildeHecircamp XNd

ccediln mGlUacutecW (1ng|T 8divide39iquest 1zAcirc 28divide9iquest mZNtildeR 96divide13iquest 139divide23-24iquest Muacutel

16divide2iquest 17divide3iquest xRMAtildeS 17divide10)frac12 ldquognotrdquo ytAEliglW xysS kAtildeHecircamp UR tnUacuteeacute XNd

qrbfrac12 ycedilAtildeStMR sccedilNfrac12 YHM yxysS KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT ycedilAtildeuacuteY YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute

o yBlY kAumlN gAEligxatildeC bAtildeHecircamp SM ycedil-bdquo sccedilNfrac12 yAumlS kAumlN gAEligxatildeC

ycedilsbsbT bgnot bxysS KRSegraveS SM (1oumleacuteNegraveS 5divide4iquest eacuteraquo 16divide16) mccedilnfrac12 gnot

164 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place 162-63 165 Zn kyenhiquest 163-165YacuteYacute


77

SAtilderaquo kAtildeHecircamp UR ycedilnUacute[R YHM gnot ytAEliglWN xysS kAtildeHecircamp UR XkcurrenL

ycedilAtildedRgW YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute

o BlAtildeT satildeC hl ycedil[Dq$T bAtildeHecircamp XNd ccediln ycedilgL[ (lMuacutel xuacuteYAtildeS 45divide25)

sccedilNfrac12 yecircRAtildeW OcircWlOumlS mLXKegraveC (lMuacutel 1oumleacuteNegraveS 6divide11) dGauml DQ bgnot

bxysS BOgrave mccedilnN mGlUacutecWfrac12 gnotAcirc AtildeHecircamp btmuacuteuacuteY WD WS_

mnUacute[permilcWN YHM gnot ytAEliglW xysS kAtildeHecircamp UR XkcurrenL mccedilnN ycedilAtildeuacutedaggerN

AcirccWYacuteYacute

o ldquoBOgrave XAtildeNAumlNCcedil sW gnot XNd wsnlTfrac12 XAtildeNAumlNCcedilM XGzxBR XNd -permilW

bzAtildeW YmsectlSrdquo (1oumleacuteNegraveS 7divide17) YH MNAEligB lDnT ycedil-permil XGzxBR xB

XNd ccediln hlfrac12 ysatildeCN DL fNnot ycedilwSnW dGauml ldquognotrdquo xysS mccedilnN

YgLUacuteLYacuteYacute bzH WD gnot ytAEliglW xysSAcirc XGzxBR ytAEliglW xB

mldividenotecircE AEligRAtildeTN bcedilAtildeuacuteY mLk tnUacuterW mgszlignotcW (YWM ysatildeCN

mUacutex DL fNnot lzsectlM mwsN XNAumlhM sBxWAtildeNN lDnT m_permilT) yxysS

KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute

o 1oumleacuteNegraveS 7divide32-35 AEliglW KFL gnotN dS SlyensszligT ycedilAcircgR sccedilNfrac12 yBlY kAumlN

MNAEligAEligT dGaumlfrac12 yYwT qAumlyenY GB AtildeHecircampN dS yensszligT XNd ccediln AtildeStMpermill

(lMuacutel zixT 15divide26iquest zAumlGM 6divide18)YacuteYacute bt=yenparaM b1oumleacuteNegraveS 7divide35 sectYfrac12

ldquodaggershyRAacuteeacuteNrdquo (εὐπάρεδρον) ycedillW yGparaK rdquoL bxAumls mdbfrac34 TRgcurrenMfrac12 ldquoLAEligCh

uacuteYkfLrdquo tBlOuml yttrgOumlm sccedilNfrac12 bzh bOcircWlOumlS mLXKT WS_ ldquobbt mQdS

ycedilAtildeglGl MGAEligcWN kbt mQdS XNdcedilAtildegszligfrac12 bmecircEAtildeWM ycedilAtildeglGl

km|ecirct$ XNdcedilmicrofl xnotWq$MNrdquo (1oumleacuteNegraveS 9divide13) bcedillW MNAEligB

ldquoshyRDbdquoecircampNtampSrdquo (παρεδρεύοντες) ycedillW yGparaK rdquoL ldquoycedilAtildeglGlrdquo ycedillWN rdquoL

tKegravexLYacuteYacute ecircRAtildeW bXnzH MNAEligAEligT brvbarYyenntildenotecircE yccedilnW xgLGlOumlT lgnot xysS

XNdcedils_ sgL BlAtildeT dGauml lAtildeHecircamp XNdcedilqRB AtildeStMpermillYacuteYacute YH NR gnot

ycedillW rdquoL bBlY kAumlN AtildeHecircamp kcedillW rdquoL UR xOgrave XNd ccediln ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute

o ldquoygnotN ecircAcirc yxUNNTN ecirc bxND sectY m-EgraveT xTClMiquest kgnot yenDAcirc

kxUNNT yenD tmicroIacuteY mccedilN xTClMrdquo (1oumleacuteNegraveS 10divide21) bcedillW yecircRAtildeW

yenS-nqqEAtilde sectYfrac12 ldquoygnot ecircrdquo ycedillW rGfrac12 ygnotN permilT ycedilAtildemlKT nW

(1oumleacuteNegraveS 10divide16iquest 11divide20)YacuteYacute ldquoygnot yenDfrac14gbnotrdquo ycedillW xgsectl bBlY kAumlN

lXGzxBR ycedilqRbWN m|ecircT ycedilAtildemlKT nW (cedilLKAtildeS 1divide712)YacuteYacute

ecircRAtildeW ygnotN permilT lsYEgraveN kcedilecircW kxryenWAtilden stfrac34 xMLdivide UR yennUacute[bdquo

(1oumleacuteNegraveS 10divide20iquest zAumlGM 32divide21) xryenecircEWN xMLdivide kKRStEAtildeAcircecircEW xMLdivide UR

yennUacute[bdquo gnot ytAEliglW xysS xMLdivide XNdcedilqRBlT YHM yxysS KRSegraveSN

xMsectKnT ycedilAtildemlKT nWYacuteYacute ecircRAtildeW KRStEAtildeAcircecircEWN xMLdivide lEgraveacircT kcedilqRbW

xMLdivide UR byennUacute[Rfrac12 ldquognotN XAcircSqAcircWNrdquo (1oumleacuteNegraveS 10divide22) ycedillW xnUgbdquofrac12


78

bzAumlGM 32divide21 sectY Zb XSpermilxL xMsectkN AtildeHecircampN Tegrave lEgraveacircT bmecirct$ MKNAtildeT

XGzxBRfrac12 ldquoxMsectK AEligLccedilnW xSqniquest bkNt$ EgraveacircegraveOgravecW xSsup3-rdquo ycedillWN

NGGbdquoN notuacuteb Atildedrg nWYacuteYacute ldquoyenDrdquofrac12 ldquoxMLdividerdquofrac12 ldquoxMsectKNrdquofrac12 ldquoyenSqAcircTrdquo wzt

ycedillT rdquosectTfrac12 bBlY kAumlN xMLdivide lAtildeHecircamp BOgrave XNd ccediln hlfrac12 bAumlS kAumlN

XWntfrac34 xMLdivide lgnot xysS tdRmacr mQrbN ycedilAtildemlKT sccedilNfrac12 gnot ytAEliglW

xysS bBlAtildeT xB AtildeHecircamp ytAEliglbTN xmicroyumlD ytktl ccedilntilde XAcircgszligecirclNiquest YHM

yxysS KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT ycedilAtildemlKT nWYacuteYacute

o ecircRAtildeWfrac12 bxNdfrac34 oumleacuteNegraveS 16divide22-23 AEliglW ymlXKt$ yen-AcircqqEAtilde KFLfrac12 ldquognotN

yyenYwD bntildeR ytrgm YhNYacuteYacute gnot ccedilYiquest Acirc ygnot xysS [U kXAcircNt UR YhNrdquo

btlYfrac12 ldquognotN yyenYwD sW ygrgm YhNrdquo ycedillW xnUgbdquo XNAumlhM gnot begravelOuml

XNAumlmEgrave wd gnot [lOumlT ycedilAtildedRsW NGGbdquofrac12 xMsectmicroecircE AEligRY yccedilnTN [lOumlTN

msyenTNAcirc ldquoXGzxBR xMsectKHN BOgrave mWdDNrdquo (zAumlGM 6divide5 jMeacute AtildelWN

KFL YmlkaL) mrT Atildedrg AcirccWYacuteYacute YH gcurrenAumlYfrac12 ldquognotrdquo ytAEliglW F[M xysS

xMsectK mccedilnN ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute

XNd xNdfrac34 oumleacuteNegraveS hlfrac12 yecircRAtildeW yOcircWlOumlS bethLugraveSdaggerS mLXKt$M xysS

KRSegraveSN ldquognotrdquo XAtildel kxB UR XkcurrenL AtildedrUAEligcW MNAEligAEligT xlYacuteYacute ngR gN _AcircnotCN

AumlsuacuteecircE kmccediln ytnœ ethLugraveSdaggerS 2divide9-11 AtildelWN MNAEligB BOgrave lyenyT XNaumlKpermillN166YacuteYacute

kqcurren_R 9-11 AEliglW KFL xysS KRSegraveS bNf rsaquolNtilde WS_ AtildelWN iumlnot XNAumlH sL

YgLUacuteLmdash

ldquoSlzH XGzxBR XJG kF xdrgWiquest kSMM hl bsectY yccedilnWN SM s-Wiquest

YWM bsyenYAcirc bMDRfrac12 kMDRM bnotCfrac12 gcurrenLbT hl lxysS SM YNbrkK

zNDfrac12 MsectSM hl lXGzxBR xB KBRfrac12 xysS KRSegraveS gnot XNd ccediln YmsKR

zND nWrdquoYacuteYacute

kzH MNAEligB hlT mrnotecircE qcurrenM ngeacuteCN XNyenpermillNiquest YWMmdash (1) YH KFL

xysS KRSegraveS kSaumlC hl bsectY yccediln SM XNAumllW XNAumlhM YH SM ldquognotrdquo (GparaK

ldquokRtimesSrdquo ldquoκύριόςrdquo) ycedillW SM mccedilnN (bBpermilWAtilden WD WS_ YH SM AtildeHecircamp

ycedillW SM nW)YacuteYacute (2) bzH KFL ldquognotrdquo ycedillW SMfrac12 bBlY kAumlN ldquoAtildeHecircamprdquo ycedillW

SM kqrbbT WD UR bNR mQrb ldquognotrdquo ytAEliglWN xysSN F[M xMsectK

mccedilnN ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute (3) ldquogcurrenLbT hlrdquo ycedilNbrkKlTfrac12 ldquoMsectSM hl gTnt$N

166 ycedillW yBlY kAumlNN WD btktl mNgD xysS gnot (GparaK kRtimesS κύριός) mAEligl yxysS

KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT AtildeuacuteAtildeL bcedillW RXs gcurrenAumlY sectY seth _AcircT kflg ycedilktlTN mUacuteFT YmlkaLmdash David B Capes Old Testament Yahweh Texts in Pauls Christology WUNT 247 (Tuumlbingen

Mohr 1992) YH yigraveKtR microPS mFfrac12 jRmN xgR bcedilgszligW yt$bNgN daggernvRStE yigraveKTEcircT AumlGpara

yenagraveAtilde yqrb _AcircnotecircE F sccedilNfrac12 xBsup2frac34W sW l-qMbT bcedilCL mNgD tzUJegrave lNAEligB yqrb nWYacuteYacute Gordon D Fee Pauline Christology An Exegetical-Theological Study (Peabody MA Hendrickson

2007) YH yPeacuteOslashsR eth mF dGauml ecircRAtildeW OcircWlOumlS xysS KRSegraveSN gnot AEliglAEligcW MNAEligAEligT sectY

seth TNtAcirc AtildeqRAEligLYacuteYacute


79

ycedilmsKRlTrdquo yBlY kAumlN ldquoAtildeHecircamprdquo (xuacuteYAtildeS 45divide23) bxAumlS kAumlN dGauml ldquognotrdquo xysS

(ethLugraveSdaggerS 2divide10-11) mccediln yxysSN xMsectKnT FNTW xDRgOuml ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute

ycedilktlTN hlT MNAEligAEligT AtildenUacutehellipLmdash

igraveKtR AacutevD microPS YHN gcurrenAumlY xSmLKtW xNAumlH Ysectlmdash

ldquogcurrenLbT hl YNbrkmicroLrdquofrac12 ldquoMsectSM hl YMsKpermilLrdquo ycedillT rFt ngeacuteC lBlY

kAumln yxCcedil xMsectK brvbarYyenntildeT mregraveC kmccedilAcirccWM bsectY rFt ngeacutec$ bq_not

AtildeHecircampN ycedilAtildemlKt$ AcirccW167YacuteYacute

bXnzH hlT MNAEligAEligT sectY ytqm-T qcurrenM ngeacuteC bRmicronot yngr mldivideT MhpermilN ldquoxysS KRSegraveS gnot nWrdquo ycedillWN MNAEligB (ethLugraveSdaggerS 2divide9-11) LK XNd xB

xysS KRSegraveSM AtildeHecircamp nW XNAumll xDRgecirccecircL168YacuteYacute

xNAumlND satildeCfrac12 ldquogcurrenLbT hl lxysS KRSegraveS XNAumlNbrkK XNAumlhM MsectS hl

gnot nW XNAumlL ys-Wrdquo XGzxBR xB (qcurren_R 9) nWiquest SlzH xysS KRSegraveS

ldquognotrdquo mAEliglM ccediln ldquogcurrenLbT hl lXRs mNbRkkrdquo F[M xMsectK mccedilnN ycedilAtildeuacuteY

xYdlM ycedilL yNtildeGT n_B xsectcWYacuteYacute ngR GN YH Ynt$ xStuacutesB cedilsup2N ldIacute yyenYCLbT MKNAtildeTmdash

(1) lKBbdquo ycedilqAcircW xMsectK ldquokXn bethT xMsectK xLtpermilM kXn bldquosectM xYccedilNMrdquo

XNAumlhM ldquordquoKBEcircN lyenNM xLs_M ycedillTN yBlY kAumlN MNAEligAEligT (lMuacutel

xuacuteYAtildeS 43divide10iquest zixT 20divide2-7) Atildemuacutekr Atildelmccediln BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 (2) bethLugraveSdaggerS MpermilF

hlT WD WS_ XGzxBR xysS KRSegraveSNfrac12 kF kF byenDrG gnot ycedillWN

kSM hl bsectY SM ys-bT XNAumlhM gcurrenLbT hl XNAumlNbrkKlT AtildedrgbT bY

MKNAtildeT xysS KRSegraveS bAEligRdagger xMsectK ccedilntilde uacutelfrac12 kXGzxBR UR mtmicrokLN

llqW yyenYgAElig ngR xDRmacr SsectLsup3-rW (ethLugraveSdaggerS 2divide6) blsect xgsectlfrac12 permilsN AEligigrave 167 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place 167 kDavid B Capes Old Testament Yahweh

Texts in Pauls Christology WUNT 247 (Tuumlbingen Mohr 1992) 159 -QsW XNd UacuteucircTYacuteYacute 168 Zn kyenhYacuteYacute

MNAEligB (bsBrsaquo lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM) xyenRfrac34 TRgcurrenM

xuacuteYAtildeS 45divide23

κάμψει παν γόνυ καὶ

ἐξομολογήσεται πασα γλωσσα gcurrenlbT hl bXn ethT YNbrkmicroLiquest xNdbTM hl bXn YMsectLYacuteYacute

MNAEligB (bAumlS kAumlN GparaK) xyenRfrac34 TRgcurrenM

ethLugraveSdaggerS 2divide10-11

ἵνα ἐν τῳ ὀνόματι ʼΙησου παν γόνυ

κάμψῃ ἐπουρανίων καὶ ἐπιγείων καὶ

καταχθονίων καὶ πασα γλωσσα

ἐξομολογήσηται ὅτι κύριος ʼΙησους

Χριστὸς εἰς δόξαν θεου πατρός

YWM lxysS KRSegraveS SM gcurrenLbT hl YNbrkmicroL [παν γόνυ

κάμψῃ] bsyenYM ccediln bMDRM

XNAumlhM kMDR bnotCiquest MsectSM hl lXGzxBR xB KBR xysS KRSegraveS gnot XNd ccediln AtildeWJ zND [καὶ πασα γλωσσα

ἐξομολογήσηται]YacuteYacute


80

Ssectdrg XNAumlhM (3) QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT xysS KRSegraveS QDm TSBXTfrac12 TSBXTM

ccediln D~r TNœxfrac12 zsectlyenecircE yccediln xMsectK XNd ccediln bGL yenStyenpermilcW (lMuacutel

timesNS 1divide118iquest 20divide28iquest BpermilWAtildeN 1divide8) xysS KRSegraveS kSM hl bsectY SM yts-W

XNAumlhM gcurrenLbT hl ytNbrkklT bzmn |Uecircamp permilsN AEligigrave byenDrg BOgrave nW yenlT

StT nWYacuteYacute

becircRAtildeW rsquo_eacuteS mLXKTM WS_ xysS kAtildeHecircamp UR btStmicrokl mNgD

bAtildeNS bhlT MNAEligAEligT WS_ ldquognotrdquo tBlOuml t-RegravexLYacuteYacute ecircRAtildeW rsquo_eacuteS xAumlAumlS

xyenregC bXMnnotcW Y[n zND bUacutefW yyenbrnotOgrave mLXKT WS_frac12 ldquognot mLmicroM

mccedilnN qMuacuteCldquoLAcircrdquo (1rsquo_eacuteS 2divide3) YsectLYacuteYacute YH MNAEligB mZNtildeR 34divide8 sectYfrac12

ldquoXGzxBR cR mccedilnN qMuacuteCh Xdaggerrdquo ycedillWN MNAEligB tuacuteb Atildedrg nWYacuteYacute 1rsquo_eacuteS

2divide3 sectY ldquognotrdquo ytAEliglW xysS KRSegraveSN nW (qcurren_R 4 YmlkaL)YacuteYacute ecircRAtildeWfrac12

ldquoAtildeW DNUYrdquo ycedillTN yBlY kAumlN MNAEligAEligT xysS KRSegraveSN XNdcedilAtildemlKt$

gLUcircxL (lMuacutel qcurren_R 6-8 AtildelWN KFL kxuacuteYAtildeS 28divide16iquest mZNtildeR 118divide22iquest xuacuteYAtildeS

8divide14 UR AtildewAumlDhellipL)YacuteYacute btlY xuacuteYAtildeS 8divide14-14 sectY AtildelW KFLfrac12 AtildeW DNUY

ycedillW glUacute AtildeHecircampN ycedilAtildemlKT nWmdash

ldquoXnzH satildeCfrac12 xDyen BlW ycedil-bdquoTNfrac12 yenNfrac34WNM ngRfrac12 xDyen xTbliquest XnRs

ycedilfbdquoTN xTFbdquoiquest xTsup1bbdquolTMYacuteYacute LTqDs ycedilgAEligW yspermilecircET gnot XGzxBRN

BOgrave nWiquest LTfbdquoT ycedilgAEligW XRsN nWiquest LTNq-q-lT ycedilgAEligWM XRs nWYacuteYacute

XRsM mQdS YccedilAcircLiquest lhlt$ yXSpermilxL bT GN ycedilAtildedAcircQF DNUY ycedilAtildesAcircKLM

lT YccedilNAEligcecircLiquest lxybdquouacutelM ZBM w_mDAcirc xgtKsect YccedilAcircLrdquoYacuteYacute

ecircRAtildeW rsquo_eacuteS ldquoycedilAtildesAcircKLfrac12 ycedil_sectcWM lTrdquo (1rsquo_eacuteS 2divide8) ycedillW

glUacuteW xysS KRSegraveS mccediln bt=yenparaM 1rsquo_eacuteS 3divide10-12 kmZNtildeR 34divide12-16 microlW

KFL m-qs XNAumlhM qcurren_R 3 sectY xysSN gnot yenlt$ xysSN AtildeHecircamp kcedillW SM

UR xOgrave ycedilAtildedRG nWYacuteYacute


xuacuteYAtildeS

8divide12-13

τὸν δὲ φόβον αὐτου οὐ μὴ

φοβηθητε οὐδὲ μὴ ταραχθητε

κύριον αὐτὸν ἁγιάσατε

ngR GN XnRs ycedilfbdquoTN ngR

xTFbdquo xTnotwkMiquest

ngR GN permilsN gnot QCcedilS

xDRUCh


1rsquo_eacuteS

3divide13-15

τὸν δὲ φόβον αὐτων μὴ φοβηθητε

μηδὲ ταραχθητε

κύριον δὲ τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε



ngR GN KRSegraveSN QCcedilS

xDRUCh


81

xuacuteYAtildeS ldquoXRs permilsNrdquo (ldquoxWegraveNrdquo ldquoαὐτὸνrdquo) sL rsquo_eacuteS ldquoKRSegraveSNrdquo (ldquoKRSegraveNrdquo

ldquoΧριστὸνrdquo) kyenlT WAgrave bxuacuteYAtildeS 8divide12-13 XAcirc b1rsquo_eacuteS 3divide13-15 AEliglT KFlOumlC WS_

xNAumlCM LdaggernT ylMYacuteYacute xysS ldquoQCcedilSrdquo yccediln ldquognotrdquo mccedilnN YH dGauml xysSN kAtildeHecircamp

UR xOgrave XNdcedilAtildedRgW ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute

bx-rdquosectY yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT xysS KRSegraveSN gnot AtildelbT WD BlAtildeT

xBN AtildeHecircamp bcedillbT WD mccediln XNAumlhM y_Na bt KRStEAtildeN xysS gnot nW

ycedillW ecircJecirc yAcircZEcirct$ xysS AtildeHecircamp nW ycedillWN mrt XMnaN ycedilwKL

nW169YacuteYacute

III ldquoxLIacuteAcirc acircraquoU ( Αλφα καὶ τὸ Ω) rdquo WAumlecircEAcirc

secircSecircecircE TNnotn xysS KRSegraveS tf_eacutexL ycedillW xRtimesuacuteecircE TMHRTfrac12 QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT Sl

KRSegraveS ycedilAtildeStMbdquoTN TMHRT mrT Atildedrg xYdlMYacuteYacute BlAtildeT XGzxBR xB

xLIacuteAcirc acircraquoU mccedilnN XNdcedilAtildeStMbdquoT hlfrac12 AumlS kAumlNM xysS KRSegraveS xLIacuteAcirc

acircraquoU XNd ccediln AtildeSrAumlLYacuteYacute YH dGauml XGzxBR xB JyenEcirc XNdlsectW hlfrac12

xysSM JyenEcirc yllW xMsectK mccedilnN ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute

ldquoxLIacuteAcirc acircraquoUrdquo ycedillW SAtilderaquo bAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT WS_ bpermilXY timesNS sectY

BOgrave ycedilg sccedilN170frac12 bBlY kAumlN mUacuteFT btlY bTNbt xuacuteYAtildeS sectY tdUGauml

t-QicircxLfrac12 ldquoXn XGzxBR kethtfrac34W kldquolfrac34WM UR XnW nyethtfrac34WM Xn n

yldquolfrac34WM Xn nXn Xn niquest ethtfrac34W Xn niquest ldquosectfrac34WM Xn nrdquo (xuacuteYAtildeS 41divide4iquest

44divide6iquest 48divide12)YacuteYacute bTNbt xuacuteYAtildeS XGzxBR ldquoXn ethtfrac34Acirc ldquosectfrac34 nrdquo AtildelbT WDfrac12

yXGzxBR ZB yccedilnW Zb XSpermilxLfrac12 ltDicirc notsectQ yccediln xYqEcirc tSIacute

XNAumllW bcedilAcircgRbT KFL nWYacuteYacute

ytimesNS permilXY mFfrac12 ldquoxLIacuteAcirc acircraquoUrdquofrac12 ldquoethtfrac34WAcirc ldquosectfrac34Wrdquofrac12 ldquomjmparaAtildeWAcirc

m=ršWrdquo ycedillWN SAtilderaquo lxysS _QM sectY yenecirclfrac12 ycedilAtildešyen gcurrenAumlY xYdLMYacuteYacute

lMuacutelfrac12 ldquoxTFpermiliquest ymjmparaAtildeWM ym=ršWM Xn niquest Xn AtildeW niquest aumlcamp nbRiquest

169 ldquoyxTtimesugraveAtilde ecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW uacuteAEligLtimesuacuteecircE xStMHeacute AtildelW mAcircFrdquoecircE DRJTfrac12 ldquoxysS AtildeHecircamp nWrdquo ycedillWN YHN TMHRTfrac12 xysS KRSegraveS bBlY kAumlN XGzxBR xB tBlOuml ycedil-permilW nW blsect xgsectl xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccW lcedillW ytuacuteuacutet DMAumlraquo XNd GBxT l-qNtildebT YCsectlYacuteYacute xysS KRSegraveS LK XNd xB F[M xMsectK nW yenlT xysS KRSegraveS XGzxBR xB nW yenlT bF[M xYdlMYacuteYacute ldquotSIacuteuuml mMHR nWrdquo ldquoxyenr mMHR nWrdquo yenlT tSIacuteuuml ycedilAEliglW sW xyenr tBlOuml ycedil-permilW sW nW yenlT xYdlMYacuteYacute ngR GN XnzH GlsiumlC yyenStyenRN AEligRY YUpermill yenlT XNcopyYacuteYacute ldquoxBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccWNrdquo bcedillW RXS |R yxBAcirc ywLDN

xmicrosectecircE LdaggernT bsethW lyenyT XNaumlKpermillNYacuteYacute 170 BpermilWAtildeN 12divide2 xysS KRSegraveSfrac12 ldquoyXMnnotCN permilSAcirc fUacuteraquordquo (ἀρχηγὸν καὶ τελειωτὴν) nW ycedillW

rFt ngR kzH SAtilderaquo UR tAtildeAtildetradenT bntilderWM xLIacuteAcirc acircraquoU ycedillW SAtilderaquo GN ycedilgszligW bpermilXY timesNS sectY BOgrave nWYacuteYacute


82

Xnccedil xhN kzsectlM XSk zsectlM DrS AtildeW niquest yaumlTAcirc ysacircL mKfOgraveM bXEuml nWrdquo

(permilXY 1divide17-18)YacuteYacute ldquoymjmparaAtildeWAcirc ym=ršW aumlegraveM ynbrWAcirc AtildeW yccedilnW XNAumlH

YsectLrdquo (permilXY 2divide8)YacuteYacute

XnzH MNAEligAEligT ytngbdquoT xysS baumlt$Acirc bTNœxW aumlTN DL XNd nœ

XNAumlhM bXRs tSIacute ycedilAtildedRg satildeC LK XNd XRs bm=rš aumlTN DL

XNdcediln bcedilAtildeStMbdquo WigraveC WS_ nWYacuteYacute bzH mLk snotY bxuacuteYAtildeSM ccediln

btimesNS permilXY rdquol _QM sectY yecirclW tmuacuteuacuteY mLXKT bwkl Wd MNAEligiumlC WS_

nWYacuteYacute

xNAumlND GlsiumlCM ccediln ybrvbarYyenntildeT DRJegraveC xLIacuteAcirc acircraquoUfrac12 mjmparaAtildeWAcirc

m=ršW (permilXY 1divide8iquest 21divide6) ycedillT SAtilderaquoatildeC _QM sectY yecirclTfrac12 lhlN Ogravedagger xMsectK

lxB XNcopyfrac12 lxysS KRSegraveS xYdlM AEligtimesC AcirccWYacuteYacute ngR GN bzAtildeW WD WS_

byenAtildešyen mLk SAtilderaquoW lxysS KRSegraveS _QM sectY WlOuml XAcircgszligecirclNmdash

ldquoXnccedil egravelOuml XmEgravelhiquest ecircUuuml bXn zND xliquest lXAtildeNAumlNCcedilM XNd |permilW m-N

XkFlecirclhYacuteYacute xLIacuteAcirc acircraquoUfrac12 ethtfrac34WAcirc ldquosectfrac34Wfrac12 mjmparaAtildeWAcirc m=ršW Xn nrdquo

(permilXY 22divide12-13)YacuteYacute

ldquoXnccedil begravelOuml XmEgravelhrdquo ycedillW yennW ycedillW gcurrenAumlY lzH WYYT mrnotecircE

nWYacuteYacute YHN rdquoL ycedilAcircgrW xB nW wYS xysS KRSegraveS lcedillW mrnotecircE _Atildeqamp

permilXY mLS YsEgraveLfrac12 ldquoXnzHN ngeacuteC ycedilmsKrW xatilde egravelOuml XmEgravelh YsectLYacuteYacute xraquoNiquest

gnot xysS ccedilY Acircrdquo (permilXY 22divide20)YacuteYacute bzh mF mGbAtilde sectY xysS permils XRsN

AEligLnotmn satildeC sectY lmFrDfrac12 ynotmnTN satildeC dGauml lmsup1lM XNdcedilmEgrave

tAcircGeacutexL (permilXY 2divide16iquest 3divide11)YacuteYacute xysS satildeC b|permilcW m-N XNdcedilkFsectcW bzh

mF WS_ xSnotWoumlxL (permilXY 2divide23iquest 20divide13)YacuteYacute slzH Xnccedil begravelOuml XmEgravelh ycedillW

tAcircUpara nW ldquoXn xLIacuteAcirc acircraquoU nrdquo ycedillW (permilXY 22divide12-13)YacuteYacute

bx-rdquosectY ldquoxLIacuteAcirc acircraquoUrdquofrac12 ldquoethtfrac34WAcirc ldquosectfrac34Wrdquofrac12 ldquomjmparaAtildeWAcirc m=ršWrdquo

ycedillT rFt ngeacuteCfrac12 tmuacuteuacuteY TRgcurrenM ywkl XNAumlhM XmEgravelh ycedillWN xmicroL

yenlTM xysS KRSegraveSN ycedilAtildeuacutedagger AcirccWYacuteYacute ypermilXY 1divide7-8 KFL YHNn ycedilAtilde-AcircKR nWfrac12

ldquoXnccedil bdmAcirc YmEgraveLiquest ywgcurrenT XNmicro uacuteYqbdquo YN hl AtildeyecircLiquest yMDRM ZiumlC hl

kXRs ytnœ ecircY ecircY YsectlYacuteYacute xatilde YH hl YccedilAcircLiquest xraquoNYacuteYacute AtildelWAcirc ynbrWfrac12

ycedilmEgraveWMfrac12 hlN OgraveY gnot xMsectKfrac12 xLIacuteAcirc acircraquoU Xn n YsectLrdquoYacuteYacute

qcurren_R 7 YmEgraveL ytAEligllTfrac12 ldquohlN Ogravedagger gnot xMsectKrdquo xysS mccediln

xAtildekpermilKRMiquest YH hlN OgraveY yccedilnW gnot xMsectK xLIacuteAcirc acircraquoU mccedilnN qcurren_R 8

AtildeSrGEgraveLYacuteYacute xLIacuteAcirc acircraquoU SlcedillW SAtilderaquo yenwQ ycedilgAEligN lsectW qcurrenM ngRfrac12 ldquoxLIacuteAcirc

acircraquoUrdquo ycedillW yyenrG SM zsectlyenecircEnTN xmsectmicroC ymccediln gcurrenAumlY nWYacuteYacute ldquoAtildel (xhN)frac12

ynbr (AEliglucircT gzAtildeT)frac12 wd ethTM ycedilntildeR (mAgraveWN gz)rdquo (permilXY 1divide4) ldquoAtildelWAcirc


83

ynbrWfrac12 ycedilmEgraveWMrdquo (permilXY 1divide8)171YacuteYacute ldquoAtildelAcirc ynbrrdquo ycedillW yxLIacuteAcirc acircraquoU TNnotn

AtildeHecircamp lcedillWM SM TRgcurrenM ccedilntilde yqrb sccedilN (zixT 3divide4 ymlkaL)mdash

MNAEligAEligT GparaK yxyenRfrac34 qcurrenM TRgcurrenM

zixT 3divide14 (bsBrsaquo lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM) Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν Xn Atildelh n

permilXY 1divide8 (bAumlS kAumlN GparaK) ʼΕγώ εἰμιhellipὁ ὢν XnAtildelh n

ldquoycedilmEgraveWrdquo (GparaK ccedil xRdivideraquontildeS ὁ ἐρχόμενος) ycedillW glUacute GN yxysS

KRSegraveS BOgrave Yntfrac34 AEligRY mccedilnN kAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT YmlkaL (lMuacutelmdash

yentampatildeS 11divide3iquest 21divide9iquest 23divide39iquest yenRoumlS 11divide9iquest lrdquoS 7divide1920iquest 13divide35iquest 19divide38iquest timesNS 6divide14iquest

12divide13iquest XNAumlhM BpermilWAtildeN 10divide37 YmlaL)YacuteYacute

ldquoAtildelfrac12 ynbrfrac12 wd ethTM ycedilntildeRrdquo ycedillW ypermilXY timesNS glUacutefrac12 ldquoxysS KRSegraveS

TAcircNTAcirc sup2Ecirc XSk lzsectlMM AtildeW nWrdquo (BpermilWAtildeN 13divide8) kcedillW blƒST fRJ glUacute

UR lnUacute[R ycedilCL nWYacuteYacute YHM xysS KRSegraveS zsectlyenecircE XNd nbr XNAumlhM

yyenYlw_ xMsectK XNd ccediln ycedilAtildeStMR nW172YacuteYacute

IV ldquoNtildegtpermilWAcirc Ntildegtpermillsquot $$rdquo (νύμφη καὶ νυμφίος)

WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE TNnotn

bBlY kAumlN MNAEligAEligT AtildeHecircamp lXSpermilxL XNd AEligL ccedilntilde tgLotildexLmdash

ldquoAEligLgt fEgraveparagt nWAcirciquest SNtildeM yspermilecircET gnot XGzxBR nWiquest notAumlggt yXSpermilxL

QCcedilS nWiquest XRsM yMDR hl xMsectK YAEligsectLrdquo (xuacuteYAtildeS 54divide5)YacuteYacute

ldquogOumlLyenuacute DNGlt$N XNdcedilAtildegAEligfrac12 LiacuteCgt XNAumlh AtildegbšLiquest Ntildegtpermil bNtildegtpermillsquot$

dS XNdcedillWfrac12 xMsectKgt bxNcE dS YlecircLrdquo (xuacuteYAtildeS 62divide5)YacuteYacute

nbdagger xuacuteYAtildeSfrac12 XGzxBR XSpermilxL UR AtildelWN YHN msL GNszlignT YIacute

AtildedrgbT WD XSpermilxL bcedilAtildeuacuteZN mNgD lXGzxBR notyen mccedilN btuacuteAcircT gz

nWYacuteYacute XNd llOumlc$ yXSpermilxL nbAtildeT hl xuacuteYAtildeSM XSpermilxLN ycedilAtildeqRAEligT lTAumlhellip

171 yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC xysS KRSegraveS ldquoÂtildeL xMsectKrdquo (xuacuteYAtildeS 9divide6) XNcopyfrac12 hlN OgraveY xMsectK xYdlM

ycedilL TMHRT xsectcWYacuteYacute YHM ldquoÂtildeL xMsectKrdquo ytAEliglW xysS ldquohlN OgraveY xMsectKrdquo ktAEliglW xB Atildens nW lyenlT nWYacuteYacute xSgpermilcedilW gcurrenAumlY GN hlN OgraveY xMsectK ytAEliglW xB permils ldquoÂtildeL xMsectKrdquo mAEligl

(xuacuteYAtildeS 10divide21) BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 xysS KRSegraveSM ldquohlN OgraveY xMsectKrdquo tBlOuml m-permilt$ nW (lMuacutel permilXY

1divide8)YacuteYacute kzH yMNyenrW qcurrenM ngR bQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFTfrac12 ldquoÂtildeL xMsectKrdquo bcedillW SAtilderaquoAcirc ldquohlN OgraveY

xMsectKrdquo kcedillW SM mmicrokL xNAumlCM LdaggernT XNd ll ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute lmccediln yYDaggerecirc MSKeacuteC ldquoÂtildeL xMsectKrdquo bcedilAEligL xMsectKAcirc ldquohlN OgraveY xMsectKrdquo bcedilAEligL xMsectK ycedilAtildeMn ymDBl xyenLKT xMsectkatildeC

AcirccW yenlT nW 172 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place 181


84

notyen XNAumlLccedilnC cedilST nWYacuteYacute XSpermilxL kXGzxBR llOumlCN xyenLKT yenMlmicro

wYM yxryenWAtildeNN mDBl xyenLKT bXGzxBR sectY mdbsect nbAtildet$ hl permiluacuteN

lZNtildeT xuacuteLIacute XNd sup1-C sT xDRgW nW AtildeqrAEligT (xuacuteYAtildeS 54divide4-8iquest 62divide4-5iquest

xRMAtildeS 2divide2iquest 3divide1-14iquest ZQxL 16divide8-63iquest 23divide1-49iquest ccedils 2divide1-3divide5)YacuteYacute XSpermilxL lxMsectmicro

lXGzxBR notyen bLccedilnCAEligcW bXnzH WigraveC WS_frac12 nbAtildet$ xšGrW ycedilAcircgbdquoT

XGzxBR permils ZbN kXRs UR wdcedildrG TKKLfrac34 ~BrT XNdcedilAtildemEgrave nWYacuteYacute

bTNbt xRMAtildeS WS_ XGzxBR NtildesAtildeecircE kccedilnW kAumlN btly mLkfrac12 kXSpermilxL

URfrac12 xAumlS rdquoL kAumlN XNdcedilAtildedRG YgLUacuteLYacuteYacute MKNAtildet$M yXSpermilxL LiacuteC

NtildesAtildeecircEWN kAumlN xFRsecircLAcircmdash

ldquokXSpermilxL bTAcirc kYhAuml bT UR YsectL XGzxBRiquest xAumlS rdquoL kAumlN

yMgAEligbT gz YmEgraveLYacuteYacute kGB xwEgravecW zNDfrac12 XcopycWN Ycentamp bmpermilldquocW gz

kxAEligegraveOgravecW UR XNd gAElighT kAumlN xYdlMiquest yXnRs AEligL ccedilszlig uacutelhfrac12 rdquoL kAumlnN

xFRsecircLAcirc YsectL XGzxBRrdquo (xRMAtildeS 31divide31-32)YacuteYacute

nbdagger ccedilsM XSpermilxL k_ma tmLuacute xMsectmicro XSpermilxLN yMnotmLKbT gz

XNdcedilmEgrave tNBtimesxLmdash

ldquokzAtilde bldquosect XSpermilxsectWAtildeN tmLsW xMsectmicrocWN XGzxBRNAcirc NgœcWN

AumlecircETN YfLUliquest bm=ršWM zmN bmNq_q_ wd XGzxBRAcirc wd brkt$

YmEgravelrdquo (ccedils 3divide5)YacuteYacute

bzH WD AumlecircET ym-qs MKNAtildeT bsraquon Gsup2T ycedilgszligT XSpermilxsectWAtildeN

yAumlecircETN NG|Acirc bWL XNdcedilgnzb ycedilAtildeuacuteY sccedilNfrac12 yTNbt$ ybdquoQ zmN FUacuteraquo dGauml

yAumlecircET NG|Acirc kt-Acircqq bldquosectfrac12 SlcedilnœW yAumlecircET zR SlccedilnW Sl ms ycedilAcircgR

nW (ccedils 3divide4iquest xRMAtildeS 30divide9iquest ZQxL 34divide24)YacuteYacute

yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT xysS KRSegraveS ms BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 NtildegtpermilM XNd ccediln

AtildeStMpermillYacuteYacute xysSfrac12 dq msup2NtildeRt$ UcircMN yyenYUcircNtildeT lMNDN nW ycedilL _Atildeqamp bt-

yq gzfrac12 ldquoXNAumlH xsectcWiquest NtildegtpermilW kXnRs UR XAtildel cedilzatildec$ lUcircNtilde YCsectlN

NtildegtpermilW kXnRs UR XAtildel lUcircNtilde xYClMrdquo (yenRoumlS 2divide19)YacuteYacute bzH KFL xysS permilsN

XNd Ntildegtpermil dq msup2NtildeRt$N dGauml XNd cedilzatildeC xQRiumlxLYacuteYacute

xysS Sl |bdquo sup3ncopyJT btAcircgrW Muacutel sectY (yentampatildeS 25divide1-13)frac12 permilsN

Ntildegtpermil xDRmacr xQRiumlxL (yentampatildeS 25divide510-13 XNAumlhM ycedilktlWN KFL YmlkaL

24divide42-44)YacuteYacute blsect SFpermil dGauml xysSfrac12 ldquomNG|t syenY lLdeg sRG ydgs Ng|

TmSsectlCrdquo (yentampatildeS 22divide2) sL tAcircGhellipLYacuteYacute bzH WD dGauml Ng XGzxBR xB

sccedilN yNg LJ dGauml xysS KRSegraveS nWYacuteYacute

ecircRAtildeW timesNSM xysSN XNd Ntildegtpermil yxysSN dq msup2NtildeRT dGauml XNd

NtildegtparaT xdRmacr xQRiumlxLmdash


85

ldquoNtildegtpermillsquot$ yNtildegtpermilW nCiquest DMiN lmSyenT bx-gb ycediloumlmW cedilz GNfrac12

yNtildegtpermilWN DM ssyen XJG dS YlecircLiquest Atilde dSnot yXn nWiquest XRsM xhN

tfaumlxLrdquo (timesNS 3divide29)YacuteYacute

kKRSegraveS aumlTAcirc TNœx bldquosect ecircRAtildeT GL bccediln rFt ngeacuteC YHN XWnT

xSqM-ecircLYacuteYacute ecircRAtildeW OcircWlOumlS KRStEAtildentildeC lgnot notyen mccedilN XNAumllAEligcW ytAcircgrW

NGGR yBlY kAumlN nbAtildeT btAcircgbdquobT mLk nWmdash

ldquobXGzxBR QAcircT XqAcircsectCldquolhiquest XAcircNtN XNd NT DNGL lKRSegraveS

lyenQrB lxND AEligL x+OgraveCldquolhAcircrdquo (2oumleacuteNegraveS 11divide2)YacuteYacute

blsect SFpermil ecircRAtildeW bt KRStEAtildeN yxysS Ntildegtpermil xDRmacr xQRAElignotLmdash

ldquoKRSegraveS xmicrol lccedilnCWAcirc xdmdash lccedilAcircT bt KRStEAtildeN permilS XNd ccediln hlfrac12 AEligLM

ycedilSt$ permilS nWAcircYacuteYacute AEliglOumlC ccedilYiquest KRSegraveS bt KRStEAtildeNN XNd wdAumlTAcirc permilsNM Sl

XRuacute xuacuteLaelig XNd s-frac12 XAcircNtM cedilSegraveOgraveChN WdCcediliquest brdquol xyenmicroYnT bWbrvbar x_iuml

byenNUacuteT XNDTqdSfrac12 XNAumlhM gcurrenDF wYM yethT m=yendD wYM xNAumlC XNkN

uacuteYgAEligT QDSTAcirc nWR xLAElig yccedilnC KBRT bt KRStEAtildeN xDRmacr lpermils lAtildeqRAEligT

nWrdquo (xOslashicircN 5divide2325-27)YacuteYacute

ytimesNS permilXY mFM bbt KRStEAtildeNAcirc bKRSegraveS mmicrokL AtildelWN GNszlignT

bAEligLAcirc cedilST mSlOuml ycedilAtildeqRBAEligcW bRmicronot MNAEligAEligT xlmdash

ldquoybg sRG Sl drsfrac12 yXRsM Ntildegtpermil permiluacuteN SsectzUjCfrac12 dS YblNiquest œT

XAcircDRG KBRM XNS-WYacuteYacute ycedilAtilden[AEligRQAcirc N[frac12 ktLAElig XGR ytpermil q+N LBS

XNDTlBS tsEgraveTYacuteYacute ktLAElig XGR ytpermilW q+N LBS yQCcediluacuteN yDQ |permil nWYacuteYacute

mLxkMfrac12 wd bg sRG permilT yt-bdquo BirsaquoN AcirccW BlH UacuteF xliquest q_lOumlMfrac12 XnzH

yXGzxBR XWntfrac34 rdquolOumlC AcirccW xlrdquo (permilXY 19divide7-9)YacuteYacute

ldquoQDStEt$ ktyenfrac12 xAumlst$ xybdquouacutelM lAEligsect XNd tecircbC Ntildegtpermil tzUJnot

ksyenY kXGzxBR zND STwRD xyhYacuteYacute sAEligt$ ym=rš mQFegraveC yaumllAEligcWN

sAEligt$N ecircatildeC kAtildezT ksAEligt$ msectXKT xNCcedil m_egravefrac12 Acirciquest ybg cedilST yccedilnCWN Ntildegtpermil

xuacuteYbrvbarlh xlrdquo (permilXY 21divide29)YacuteYacute

btimesNS permilXY Mpermil 21 sectY ycedilgszligWfrac12 ldquoyxAumlst$ xybdquouacutelMrdquo b|permil hlt$

ecircRAtildeT TMHRT sectY ytmrtC mccedilbull bTXMRnotecircE permilXY ytgl- sccedilN (permilXY

21divide14iquest kxOslashicircN 2divide20 UR AtildenUacutehellipL)frac12 OcircWlOumlS dGauml bt KRStEAtildeNN mLxk yKRSegraveS

Ntildegtpermil sL Y-permilnotL (xOslashicircN 5divide25-27)YacuteYacute

xysSN XNd Ntildegtpermil bt KRStEAtildeNN dGauml XNd NtildegtparaT xDRgW AtildeqrbT

XnzH MNAEligAEligTfrac12 bBlY kAumlN XSpermilxLN XNd cedilST AtildeHecircampN dGauml XNd AEligL

kcedilAtildeqRbbT NR UR xND mccediln LK XNd AtildeHecircamp hl xysS F[M xMsectK

mccedilnN ycedilAtildeStMbdquoN AcirccWYacuteYacute


86

V ldquoyng|notT Ng| ygegraveC gnot (κύριος κυρίων καὶ rdquo

βασιλεὺς βασιλέων) WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE TNnotn notsectIgrave AEligblOumlN XNdMT-IacuteAcirc XNdcedilfrDAEligT bcedilgLbT ytimesNS permilXY MNAEligB

(permilXY 17-18)frac12 timesNS kxWEcircW UR SlcediltAEligbbdquo ng|notT XNAumlhM kxWEcircW UR

bmtAEligbR XnzH bgN YecircUliquest bg GN DL YnœcecircLiquest MKNAtildet$M XRs ygegraveC

gnotAcirc yng|notT Ng| nW (permilXY 17divide14) YsectLYacuteYacute timesNS bxbqlMsS mucirc wS_frac12

xysSN tMuacutelnotecircE mccediln mLK bG xDRmacr AtildeqRbecircL (btlY permilXY 5divide6-14)YacuteYacute

ldquoygegraveC gnotAcirc yng|notT Ng|rdquo (GparaK ldquokRtimesS kRtimesN microY AEligSlWS AEligSLtimesNrdquo

ldquoκύριος κυρίων καὶ βασιλεὺς βασιλέωνrdquo) ycedillW glUacute xysS ygegraveC hl ybsectY gnot

yng|notTM hl ybsectY Ng| mccedilnN ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute YH SAtilderaquo bBlY kAumlN

mUacuteFT xBN bcedilAtildeuacuteY mLk tdUGauml tgLUcircxLfrac12 ldquoxMsectmicroCh XGzxBR

yxyenLKT xMsectKfrac12 ygegraveC gnotfrac12 notsectQ xMsectKfrac12 ÂtildeLAcirc ycedilAtildeSfpermilfrac12 xDLatilde yyenAtildedRGfrac12

myenlcopyM yyenYqbL nWAcircrdquo (zAumlGM 10divide17)frac12 ldquoyxyenLKTN xMsectK xmSGniquest Mrt$

lzsectlM nWAcircYacuteYacute ygegraveCN gnot xmSGniquest Mrt$ lzsectlM nWAcircrdquo (mZNtildeR 136divide2-3)YacuteYacute

timesNS bpermilXY mucirc xysSNfrac12 ldquoyng|notT Ng| ygegraveC gnotrdquo sL y-permilbT

KFL bq_not ytEgraveqsWfrac12 kTNbt AumlNxL 4divide37 (ksAEligrsaquo lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM) sectY nW173YacuteYacute

bzH SFpermil ng AcircbkdnograveR XGzxBR XNcopy XRs notsectQ Ng| XNAumlYdl YgLUacuteLYacuteYacute

AumlNxL 4divide37

(bsBrsaquo lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM)

permilXY 17divide14

ldquoMKNAtildet$M XRs BOgraveWN yxyenLKT xMsectKrdquofrac12

ldquoygegraveC gnotAcirc yng|notT Ng| nWrdquo

ldquoMKNAtildet$M XRs ygegraveC gnotAcirc

yng|notT Ng| nWrdquo

ldquoὅτι αὐτός ἐστι θεὸς των θεων καὶ κύριος των κυρίων καὶ

βασιλεὺς των βασιλέωνrdquo

ldquoὅτι κύριος κυρίων ἐστὶν καὶ βασιλεὺς

βασιλέωνrdquo

TNbt AumlNxL +B_ ycedilAtilde-n_Wfrac12 yAEligblOumlAcircWAtilden Gsup2t Eacute XNdcedil-IacuteAcirc

XNdcedilecircrD bmGl nWYacuteYacute timesNSM Sl AEligblOumlN bcedilAcircgRbT WD WS_ bzH KFL

ycedilgszligW MNAEligB bpermilXdagger WS_ t-Qicirc mgszligt$ bxUEgravecedil ytkt gcurrenAumlY nW lAtildeSBL

xYCLMYacuteYacute BpermilWAtildeN bq_not lXGzxBR BOgrave ycedilAtildeWlTN SAtilderaquo timesNS lbg

lxysS s_egrave mgszligt$ yxysSN xMsectKnT xmsectmicroC yyenYccedilNbT xNAumlCM MKNAtildeT

173 yng|notT Ng| ygegraveC gnot ycedillW SAtilderaquo bBpermilYS-M ccediln bxryenYS- QJ sectY xYgMYacuteYacute

kzHM ytnœ bxyenRregc$M ccediln bXNGlZfrac34 ymF QCcedilS TRgcurrenaumlC sectY xYgMYacuteYacute G K Beale The

Book of Revelation A Commentary on the Greek Text NIGTC (Grand Rapids Eerdmans Milton Keynes UK

Paternoster 1999) 881


87

ylMYacuteYacute xWEcircWAcirc XRsN ycedilrCcedilT ng|notT bm=rš bXuacuteT AEligHR WS_ mEgravesectcW

ybgN lOumlrsaquosectecircEnT xmsectmicroC XNd ccediln LB YsectLYacuteYacute

VI ldquoxAumlfrac14mD^nT (σωτηρ) rdquo WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE TNnotn

bAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT yxysS KRSegraveS ldquoxAumlrdquo wYM ldquomD^nTrdquo (GparaK

ldquoicirctERrdquofrac14 ldquoicirctEeacuteSrdquo ldquoσωτηρrdquo ldquoσωτηροςrdquo) bcedillW SAtilderaquo bRmicronot gz t-RegravexLYacuteYacute bBlY

kAumlN YH SAtilderaquo XSpermilxLN k=Igrave mNG|notT nUacute Atildew-TN muacuteFNT lyenmLkT

yecirclAEligcW MNAEligAEligT Atildel bccedilNM (muacuteFNT 3divide915iquest 12divide3iquest nHMAtilde 9divide27) rdquol bAtildeNS

SMNT gz XGzxBR xBN lyenmLkT WlOuml Ygfrac34LYacuteYacute kzH bStqR YH SAtilderaquo

lmsectXKTM ccediln lllOumlC syenAtildeecircE F-permilN rdquol _QM sectY WlOuml xYgMYacuteYacute

rdquol lxysS KRSegraveS _QM sectY yecirclAEligcW SFpermilatildeC yxysSN xMsectKnT

ycedilAtildeStMbdquo mccedilAcirccW bAtildeNS ƒST TLLQ yenSrcopyatildeCN yenQrB YOgravesectLYacuteYacute xNdfrac34iquest

yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT xysS KRSegraveSN xMsectK ycedillAEligcW MNAEligAEligT xysS yF-permilN

hl xAumlfrac14mD^nT mccedilnN bcedilAtildeuacuteY mNgD XNcopy XNd XSpermilxL muacuteFNT kAEligD

=IgraveregC nUacute ycedilAtildewEgrave ycedilAtildeStMR BOgrave xYdlMYacuteYacute bRG_ xysS XSpermilxLN ycedilnotdG

xAuml nW (ecircRAtildeT |permil 13divide23) ngR GN kzHM bcedilLQ mLk xysS KRSegraveS yrsaquolM

xAuml nW (timesNS 4divide42iquest 1timesNS 4divide14)YacuteYacute xysS ysBxWAtildeN hl syenAtildeecircE xAumlfrac14mD^nT

Slccediln (ethLugraveSdaggerS 3divide20iquest tEegrave 2divide13)frac12 ZbN k^-xTAcirc kaumlT nUacute AtildewEgraveL (ecircRAtildeT

|permil 5divide31iquest 2-aumltampatildeS 1divide10iquest tEegrave 2divide14)YacuteYacute

hltfrac34iquest xysS KRSegraveS xAuml ytAEliglWfrac12 ldquoXGzxBRrdquo (GparaK ldquotampatildeSrdquo ldquoθεὸςrdquo)

wYM ldquognotrdquo (GparaK ldquokRtimesSrdquo ldquoκύριόςrdquo) kcedillT SaumlC UR tEgraveMeacute nWiquest YWMfrac12

ldquognotCNAcirc mD^nnotCNrdquo (2rsquo_eacuteS 1divide11iquest 2divide20iquest 3divide218 XNAumlhM ycedilktlTN KFlOumlC

YmlkaL lrdquoS 2divide11iquest ethLugraveSdaggerS 3divide20)frac12 ldquonotsectq$ xMsectmicroCNAcirc mD^nnotCNrdquo (tEegrave

2divide13) ldquoxMsectmicroCNAcirc mD^nnotCNrdquo (2rsquo_eacuteS 1divide1)174YacuteYacute bAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT ldquomD^nTrdquo

ycedillW SAtilderaquo ldquognotrdquo wYM ldquoXGzxBRrdquo kcedillW SAtilderaquo UR b_MrT yqrb mccediln

bBlY kAumlN mD^nT ycedillW SAtilderaquo xBN ycedilAtildemlKtW ldquoAtildeHecircamprdquo kcedillW SM UR

tAringFeacute nW (zAumlGM 32divide15iquest mZNtildeR 25divide5iquest 27divide9iquest 62divide26iquest 65divide5iquest 79divide9iquest 95divide1iquest

xuacuteYAtildeS 12divide2iquest 17divide10iquest 45divide1521iquest cedilKAtildeS 7divide7iquest BpermilWAtildeN 3divide18) YH hnnot yAumlS

kAumlN [ˆFT xysSN ldquognotAcirc mD^nTrdquo wYM ldquoxMsectKAcirc mD^nTrdquo ycedillbT SAtilderaquofrac12

kBlY kAumln ldquoAtildeHecircamprdquo UR ycedilnUacute[R nWYacuteYacute

ƒStfrac34iquest yAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT xysSN xAuml AEliglbT WD WS_ XGzxBR

xBN xAuml BlW -RtecircLYacuteYacute lMuacutel btEegrave mF WS_ btmuacuteuacuteY WD xB ƒST

gz ldquoxAumlfrac34CNrdquo XNd tAEliglW hl xysS KRSegraveSM ƒST gz ldquoxAumlfrac34CNrdquo tBlOumlxL

174 tEegrave 2divide13 XNAumlhM 2rsquo_eacuteS 1divide1 sectY AtildeqrBnWN WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE TNnotn YmlkaLYacuteYacute


88

(kzH bnotC AtildelwN sN-rtrade YmlkaL)YacuteYacute xB ldquoxAumlrdquo btAEliglbT WD WS_ xysS

xAuml byenl BOgrave uacuteYccedilN xBfrac12 ldquoxAumlfrac34CN XGzxBRrdquo XNd tAEligl hl wLDM ldquonotsectq$

xMsectmicroCNAcirc xAumlfrac34CNrdquo wYM ldquognotCNAcirc xAumlfrac34CNrdquo tBlOuml m-permilt$ yxysS KRSegraveSN

xMsectKnT bGL ycedilAtildeuacuteY nW175YacuteYacute

btEegrave mF xBAcirc wLD xAumlfrac14mD^nT ytAEliglAEligcW MNAEligAEligT

XRs bwsnWM gz bxAumlfrac34CN

bXGzxBR TXsup2Z lXn dpermil

bts- SBkT bkL rdquolN YIacute xdrg

(1divide3)

του σωτηρος ἡμων θεου

yUpermilCN bccedilnW XWntfrac34 XMnT LEuml

lccedilnW ltEegraveiquest kXGzxBR xBfrac12

kxAumlfrac34CNM kKRSegraveS xysS [UAcirc

ssectM YhN (1divide4)

Χριστου ʼΙησου του σωτηρος ἡμων

bhlM mNgD yxAumlfrac34CN yXGzxBR

TMHRT YwdD zND F[M notyen

mccedilAcirccWN XNAumlAtildeSmsKbdquo nW

(2divide10)


YHM ytAEligrk tSIacuteCN yccedilnWN

ynotsectq$N yxMsectmicroCNNAcirc yxAumlfrac34CNN

yxysS KRSegraveSn KBR mgl_ bm-

AEligbQ nW (2divide13)

του μεγάλου θεου καὶ σωτηρος ἡμων

ʼΙησου Χριστου


ngR GN yxAumlfrac34CN yXGzxBR

cRnTAcirc FQR btgl- gzfrac12

(3divide4)


XGzxBR bxAumlfrac34CN bxysS KRSegraveS

bkL bXfrac34 sectY xTrFRaelig xfssW

(3divide6)

ʼΙησου Χριστου του σωτηρος ἡμων

VII ldquoXnrdquo WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE TNnotn ldquoXnrdquo ycedillW xmLmicroC tWsect- SMfrac12 SM XNAumlLccediln bGL_ YnotwrdquoLYacuteYacute ngR GN

permiluacuteCNN yMAcircmlKTbT XNAumlhM SyenCNN tKegrave ycedilgAElig rdquoL nWYacuteYacute XGzxBR

lxBRbrvbarM permilsN ygl-Wfrac12 Xn xLšAumlY n (zF_rT 17divide1) byenlT nWYacuteYacute

XGzxBR |Rt$ TXsup2sup2TN kmS-t$M bethT permilsN AtildeStecircwqW Xn n byenlT

175 Larry W Hurtado Lord Jesus Christ Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity (Grand Rapids Eerdmans

2003) 515-16


89

nWfrac12 kGB kAEligRnT MDR AtildewEgravehH XGzxBR xMsectKH Xn n (zixT 20divide2)YacuteYacute

baringparaT zlecircWAtildeN 19divide10-37 sectY BOgrave XGzxBR xMsectK |permil ƒST gz AtildeHLfrac12 Xn

xMsectK n BlOumlxLYacuteYacute

xNAumlND gz dGauml XGzxBRfrac12 ldquoXn XRs nrdquo AtildelAEligcW bRmicronot yBlY kAumlN

MNAEligAEligT xlYacuteYacute BpermilYS-frac12 ldquoXn nrdquo (BpermilYS_ ldquoxn hrdquo) ycedillWN rdquoL ysAEligrsaquo

lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM ldquoxmacr xcedilrdquo (ldquoἐγὼ εἰμίrdquo) YlecircL176mdash

ldquoXn permils XRs [ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι] XNd ccedilNh Xdaggeriquest kXnM bqR lsect xMsectK ylMrdquo

(zAumlGM 32divide39)YacuteYacute

ldquoYHN ypermilAcirc Atildedrgfrac12 TWLDN k_NT y-permil yenN nW Xn XGzxBR

kethtfrac34Wfrac12 kldquolfrac34WM URfrac12 XnW n [ἐγώ εἰμι]rdquo (xuacuteYAtildeS 41divide4)YacuteYacute

ldquoXSk gtMGLAcircChfrac12 XSk gtbTMfrac12 yMsup1kyenCh Xn n [ἐγώ εἰμι]iquest XnW nYacuteYacute

ROgraveCldquolhiquest Xsup1kyenCldquolhiquest XdGIacuteCldquolhiquest xDAcircCldquolhrdquo

(xuacuteYAtildeS 46divide4)YacuteYacute

bXnzH SFpermilatildeC sectY ycedilgszligWfrac12 Xn n ycedillW rdquoL kzixT 3divide14 UR AtildelWN

qcurrenRT LB YsectLYacuteYacute ldquoXGzxBRM NtildesNfrac12 Xn AtildelhAcirc yMntildeR niquest SlzHMfrac12 AtildelAcirc

ycedilntildeR Ldividefrac34L BlH NgpermilcW xlWrdquo (z]xT 3divide14)YacuteYacute ldquoyumlY xsup1R yumlYrdquo ycedillW

yBpermilYS_ rdquoLfrac12 bsBrsaquo lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM ldquoxmacr xcedil ccedil aringNrdquo (Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν) tBlOuml

yttrgOumlm sccedilNfrac12 ldquoXn Xn nrdquo wYM ldquoAtildelhAcirc yMntildeR Xn nrdquo177 tBlOuml ltrgOumlM

YCsectLYacuteYacute YHM yXGzxBR AtildeLnbrbT gz XNdllfrac12 XRs yyenYntildeRbT gz

XNdyenYntildeR XNAumlhM F_rnotT hl XGzxBRN notMnWAcirc tmKtW XNdcedilntildebdquo

bxNUacutebdquo dGauml XGzxBR kpermils WAgrave AEligl bxNAumlCM ngR XNdyenYmmicro ycedilAtildeuacuteY

nWYacuteYacute baringparaT zAumlGMAcirc bTNbt xuacuteYAtildeS mUacuteFT sectY rdquol yXGzxBRN zsectlyenecircEnT

XNAumlhM XGzxBR BOgrave XWntfrac34 xMsectK mccedilnN bcedilAtildeuacuteY TRgcurrenNtilde _QM sectY WlOuml

Ygfrac34L178YacuteYacute

XJG kFtfrac34 qcurren_R AtildesectcW yAumlS kAumlN MhpermilN btimesNS wNgL sectY

ycedilgszligTfrac12 Xn ycedillT rdquosectT btlY kTNbt xAtildeuacuteYAtildeS UR tmuacuteuacuteY TRgcurrenM

XNdcedilwKl AtildeSrAumllYacuteYacute lzH _bdquo xSrJ ycedilccedilnWfrac12 timesNS wNgL MpermilF 8 kxuacuteYAtildeS

43divide10 UR -Nmicropermil bccediln hnnot tnUacuteeacute mgszligt$ XNAumlhM xysS kuacuteMpermilecircEa sT UR

btnUgrbT gzfrac12 yyennUGRgt Xdivide Xn XRs n [ʼΕγώ εἰμι] sL gLotilde ngpermilT (timesNS

4divide26) ycedillW rdquoL stEt$ ms smEgrave YHN gcurrenAumlY XNdcedilgL-W STAcircgR xysS

176 ldquoXn nrdquo ycedillW rG yxysS KRSegraveSN xMsectKnT AtildeuacuteAtildeL bcedillW gcurrenAumlY sectY seth yenBpermilparaAtilde

kflgfrac12 Robert M Bowman Jr Jehovahs Witnesses Jesus Christ and the Gospel of John (Grand Rapids Baker

1989) YmlkaLYacuteYacute YH mF btimesNS 1divide1 XNAumlhM timesNS 8divide58 sectY BOgrave ytUacutef yrdquob XMnT

mF nWYacuteYacute 177ldquoI am who I amrdquo OR ldquoI will be what I will berdquo 178 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place 177


90

ytAcircgrW NGGR xuacuteYAtildeS 52divide6 sectY AtildeHecircampfrac12 xSqDraquo ytAcircgRh Xn mccedilnN YrAumlLiquest

Xnccediliquest XnW n ycedillWN rdquoL ycedilyuacuteSB nW (bXnzH hlt$ MNAEligAEligT sectY yyennUGRgt

Xdivide Xn XRs n ycedillWN rdquoL xSqDraquo ytAcircgRh Xn n kcedillW UR AtildenUacutehellipLiquest

kzH bnotC AtildelWN yNR N-rtrade YmlkaL)YacuteYacute

xysS YHN NGGR btAcircgrbT gz NGGbdquo bxDyenocircc$ zND AtildeStsectlfW

mLXKTfrac12 yNbdquoN XWntnT bGL_ ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute lMuacutel btimesNS 8divide58 sectYfrac12

xysSfrac12 XWnT XsectCldquolhiquest xBRbrvbarM kmwlCcedil bethT Xnfrac12 Xn n ssectcW xDyenocircc$

bNGGbdquo Gpermil sUb uacuteYccedilNfrac12 bxnggbdquo sbuacuteŒ XNmlknotlN (qcurren_R 25frac12 27frac12 59

YmlkaL)YacuteYacute btlY bqcurren_R 58 sectYfrac12 xysSfrac12 XWnT XsectCldquolhiquest xBRbrvbarM kmwlCcedil

bethT Xnfrac12 Xn n ssectcWfrac12 qcurren_R 59 sectY xDyenocircc$frac12 bzAtildeN gz lwGbdquoT DNUY

xn YsectLYacuteYacute lzH bY MKNAtildet$ Br aringparaTfrac12 yXGzxBRN SM ycediluacutedB

yenNfrac34WM sW YgdLiquest yen~bbdquo hl YWgbdquoTiquest mUacutetfrac34M ccediln yxgR twsectJ

yXGzxBRN SM ksdb YgdL (zlecircWAtildeN 24divide16 XNAumlhM ycedilktlTN KFlOumlC

YmlkaL zixT 22divide28iquest 1ng|T 21divide1013) SlcedilL nWYacuteYacute btmuacuteuacuteY mNgD xysSN

lmAtildeZ ym- wnotdeacuteCAcirc ymicroHAcircT xloumlC xysSfrac12 XRs Xn n ssectcWfrac12 wd ldquosect

xfGFgW mEcircT sectY wdq$ YsectL (timesNS 18divide5-6)YacuteYacute

XNAumlH microlT mrcopyatildeC bGL yMNrAumlW qcurrenM ngR xysS KRSegraveS bXnzH

MNAEligAEligT sectYfrac12 Xn n BlOuml sAcircgR XNAumlAtildeW permilsN lyenStecircwQ xatildeN Xn n sL

ymlsW mLS uacuteYccedilNfrac12 xysS permilsN kxB UR byennUacute[R xB xMsectK XNd ccedilnW hl

xysSM xMsectK mccedilnN ycedilAtildeSrAuml nWYacuteYacute

xuacuteYAtildeS (bsBrsaquo lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM)

timesNS wNgL

ldquoxSqDraquo ytAcircgRh Xn mccedilnN

YrAumlLiquest Xnccediliquest XnW nrdquo (52divide6)

ἐγώ εἰμι αὐτὸς ὁ λαλων

ldquoxysSMfrac12 yyennUGRgt Xdivide Xn XRs n sL

gLotilde ngpermilTrdquo (4divide26)

ʼΕγώ εἰμι ὁ λαλων σοι

bWbrvbar WS_ bMnotLFbT gzkxNt

UR nAcirc xTFpermil (43divide25) μὴ φοβου ὅτι μετὰ σου εἰμι

XRs GNfrac12 Xn n xTFbdquo xsectcW (6divide20)

ʼΕγώ εἰμιmiddot μὴ φοβεισθε


timesNS wNgL

ldquonotWq$Acirc notMnB zNDfrac12 XRs Xn

XNd ccedilNh TrCcedil zNDfrac12 XAcircNt

MSKeacutecampfrac12 ymr_hTM AEligparaAtildeuuml

AcircChXnfrac12 Xn XGzxBR niquest

ldquob^-xnotCh XNdMTaumlt$ nGEcircxCldquolhiquest Xn

XRs n SsectCh Xn Xrs XNd ccedilNh

microsectmAcircChfrac12 b^-xnotCh TaumlnotsectChAtilde

AtildeLhT XRs Xn XNd ccedilNhAcirc xB AtildeStyenrN


91

kXnM lsect ycedilAtildeDN ylMngR GN

y^-xT sup1KMHAcirc AringNHBiquest bbdLHM

xdkM rdquo (43divide101124)

ἵνα γνωτε καὶ πιστεύσητε καὶ συνητε ὅτι

ἐγώ εἰμιhellipἐν ταις ἁμαρτίαις σου

XNdMAcircgRfrac12 bpermilsM frdquoD MNM XNdyensectdRG

notWrdquosectChrdquo (8divide2428)

ἐὰν γὰρ μὴ πιστεύσητε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι ἀποθανεισθε ἐν

ταις ἁμαρτίαις ὑμωνhellipτότε γνώσεσθε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι



MSKeacutecampfrac12 ymr_hTM [ἐξελεξάμην]

AEligparaAtildeuuml AcircCh YsectL XGzxBRrdquo

(43divide10)


ἐγώ εἰμι

ldquoSl hsectCh mAcircgEcirc xYdlMiquest ymr_ldquocWN

[ἐξελεξάμην] Wrdquolhsf[M Xn XNd ccedilNh

notMn zNDfrac12 YH kmccediln bethT xhN

ngRldquoChrdquo (13divide18-19)

ἵνα πιστεύσητε ὅταν γένηται ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι

ldquoVIII rdquo xyennxL WAumlecircEAcirc secircSecircecircE TNnotn xuacuteYAtildeS MpermilF 7 XSk 12 AtildelW KFL ymsN xMsectKnT bGL_ kcedilAcircgbdquo

yAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT mmicrokL xNCcedil nWYacuteYacute KFl bsraquon yXSpermilxL mNG|T sectY

yXGzxBR FRD XNdcedilmEgrave XNAumlhM YH FRD bXybdquouacutelMAcirc bdbb yXSpermilxL

mNG|T sectY ycedilAtildeSkTlWN XNDMnot bGL ycedilAtildeuacuteY MNAEligB nWYacuteYacute

YH KFL bnbdagger xuacuteYAtildeS zmN yxicircpermilWAtildeN Gsup2t Eacute XSpermilxLN DL SlmNœt$

ycedilAcircgR bccedilNMfrac12 yxuacuteYAtildeS TNbT bzmn bnbrW nAEligpermilecircE hnnot sectY BOgrave ycedilAtilde-n_N

uacuteYccedilNfrac12 yAumlecircETN zR rG tkTlOuml SlcedilmEgraveW ms ymAcircgRM MNAEligB nWmdash

ldquoSlzH gnot permils MLKT YsEgraveCldquoLiquest Xnccediliquest DNGL TiNuacutelCiquest wND LJM

TwLAumllCiquest SNtildeNM xyennxL Bsect T-permilecirclCrdquo


YH MNAEligB bYhAuml Ng| bxmicroZ zmn mNG|T SltwldWAcirc xyennxL bcedilL

SAtilderaquo Slcedil-permilW EacuteN TNbT ycedilAcircgR sccedilN179frac12 YH ldquoxyennxLrdquo bcedilL SAtilderaquo ycedil-

permilW EacuteN wd BSlT bcedildRSbT gz (ldquoKucircWN mtWAcirc mLmicroNtildeN mMr_

sCLrdquo180) yxmicroZ hlt$ _sectegraveC yenlTM xicircRAcirc XSpermilxLfrac12 ldquoAEligDyenrdquo YccedilAcircl (7divide1-915-

16)YacuteYacute ldquoxyennxLrdquo ycedillWM SAtilderaquofrac12 xmicroZ b-sectT btkbb gz XGzxBR kkbAEligW nUacute

XNdcedilAtildewEgraveW tSIacute ycedils_ rdquoL nWYacuteYacute YH bxuacuteYAtildeS zmN ytwldWAcirc ldquoxyennxLrdquo

bcedilL SAtilderaquo yt-permilW EacuteNfrac12 yxysS KRSegraveS tMuacutelT nWYacuteYacute

179 bzH WD xyennxL ytAEliglW ynbdagger xuacuteYAtildeS LJfrac12 mR-šsectL-brvbargt-AEligZ lccedilN YCsectL 8divide3810YacuteYacute 180 YH b12 XAcirc b13 Draquo KLL sdRS yenlTM 722 wYM 723 rsaquoQK yenlT nW yxAumls mdbfrac34

TRgcurrenM y_AcircT mMparaAtilde YmlkaLYacuteYacute


92

MhpermilN xuacuteYAtildeS 7divide14 xSmLKegrave kFtfrac34 WZGB xsectcWYacuteYacute BpermilYS- ldquoxLyenHrdquo

ycedillWN rdquoL ysBrsaquo lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM ldquoDNGLrdquo BlOuml mtRgOumlNtilde XNAumlhM yentampatildeS

1divide23 rdquol ksBrsaquo lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM UR btsup2md mLk ldquoDNGLrdquo yenlt$frac12 yWZGb

bY MKNAtildeT nWYacuteYacute YWM yentampatildeS (1divide23) xuacuteYAtildeSN (7divide14) bm_qSfrac12 DNGL

XNdMTiNS wND LJM XNdMTwLD ytAcircgrW TNbTfrac12 yxysS XAcircT yenRAtildeM

bDNGLAcircecirc xysSN iNuacute XNdMTwLD ycedilAtildeSrAuml TNbnotecircE mLXKT nW ycedillW

gcurrenAumlY nWYacuteYacute bBpermilYS- ldquoxLyenHrdquo ycedillW rdquoL wEgraveT yccedilnC LJ yenlT XNcopy DNGL

yenlT xYdlMiquest bBpermilYS_ DNGL lyenlT ktflgfrac12 ldquoxLyenHrdquo kcedillW YLQ ldquobt$sectrdquo

ycedillW tmpermil+ rdquoL biumlnotW _QM sectY WlOuml mgszligT nbrbT ycedillW NtildeGT nWYacuteYacute

ldquoxLyenHrdquo ycedillWN yBpermilYS_ rdquoL ldquoDNGLrdquo BlOuml mtRgOumlM StT nW bcedilL

knAEligbdquo yrdquol XGzxBR TNtAcirc UR mEgraverS TKKL yyenYccedilNAEligcW bRmicronot MKNAtildeegraveC

xlmdash

(1) ldquoxLyenHrdquo ycedillW yBpermilYS_ rdquoLfrac12 AtildesectgAEligCN wEgraveT sT yenmLkt$ XNtildeN kccedilnfrac12

XSmicrosectgAEligC DrS DNGL mccedilbull lAtildekpermilKR xYgAEligM (zF_rT 24divide43iquest zixT 2divide8iquest

mZNtildeR 68divide25iquest Muacutel 30divide19iquest yenLy 1divide3iquest 6divide8)YacuteYacute lMuacutel bzF_rT 24divide43 sectYfrac12

ldquoxLyenHrdquo ycedillWN yBpermilYS_ rdquoLfrac12 ysBrsaquo lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenMfrac12 ldquoDNGLrdquo (GparaK

ldquoshyRtampntildeSrdquo ldquoπαρθένοςrdquo) sL ytrgOumlmW sccedilNfrac12 bllOumlc$ KFlOumlC dGauml ldquonAtildenSrdquo

(νεανις) ycedillWN rdquoL t-QaumlxLiquest ldquonAtildenSrdquo wEgraveT yccedilnCN XNST ycedilAtildemlKT

sccedilNfrac12 KBr NAcircN xmsectmicroC rdquoL nW (XSmicrosectgAEligC DrS DNGL mccedilbull yGD

YccedilAcircL)YacuteYacute lzHM nW bBpermilYS_ IgraveNIgrave sectY ytzUdeg mZgb rdquosectTfrac12 ldquoxLyenH wEgraveT

yccedilnCN XNST ycedilAtildemlKT sccedilNfrac12 yzHM xNCcedil AEligRY DNGLAcirc nWrdquo181 ycedillTYacuteYacute

(2) KFl kgzW nAEligpermilecircE hnnot Atildelf TNbnotecircE yccediln _LQ mLKT xlW lcedillW

DMAumlraquo lsectW yenSrcopyfrac12 xuacuteYAtildeS Eacuten SlmwlCcedil TNbT kmAcircgbdquo bethT xmicroZNfrac12

ldquok_Lq$ _LQ wYM kkFnotW kFnot MLKT XNAumls_H kXGzxBR kxMsectKH lMNrdquo

(xuacuteYAtildeS 7divide11) ycedillW xnUgRfrac12 XGzxBR yAumlecircETN |LEgraven NG|Acirc XNdcedil-BQ

tumlMpermilecircE yccediln TXMRTfrac14MLKT XNdcedils_ ycedilAtildeuacuteY nW (xuacuteYAtildeS 7divide10-14)YacuteYacute YHM

ldquoyxyennxLrdquo WLdT F[M tumlMpermilecircE XNd ccediln ycedilAtildeuacuteY nW (xuacuteYAtildeS 38divide7-8)YacuteYacute

(3) yxuacuteYAtildeS TNbT nbdagger AEligglglbT yenlTM k701 XSk 681 rsaquoQK blT gzAtildeT

tf_eacutexecircE bccedilnWAcirc btlmdW mLk Sltwld xND BsecttampAcirc ycedilAcircgR TNbT

sectlmccediln bzh WD WS_ xuacuteYAtildeS ycedils-W yenrUgAring lsectW MSKR nWmdash

181 Allan A MacRae The Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament ed R Laird Harris Gleason L Archer

Jr and Bruce K Waltke (Chicago Moody Press 1980) 2672


93

ldquoEacuteN twLigraveLAcircLiquest wND LJ ts_egraveAcircLiquest xlQnTM bAringNrdquoW sectY YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute SNtildeMfrac12

DNQ mmicroRfrac12 ÂtildeL xMsectK yzsectlM xAEligTfrac12 yssectM LL YAEligsectLYacuteYacute lmNG|t$ SIacuteTfrac12

lssectNtildeM Bsup2T FUacuteraquo ylWMiquest kxhN jMeacute XSk zsectlMfrac12 mNG|t$N bFTAcirc

bDQ YmRnotLiquest dGauml bmAtildeZM Atilde[AcircecircLYacuteYacute bAumlecircET zIacuteN YqmEgraveLiquest xgbdquoNM hl

Ygsup2Liquest yspermilecircET gnot xGzxBR QAcircT YHN AtildedRULrdquo

(xuacuteYAtildeS 9divide6-7)

yzH MNAEligB WDfrac12 kxuacuteYAtildeS 7divide14 WD UR xND nWYacuteYacute yxuacuteYAtildeS 7divide14 XAcirc

yxuacuteYAtildeS 9divide6-7 WD XGzxBR xƒpermilWAtildeNN bm-qM ysraquonN yXSpermilxL Gsup2T

bqEgraveM XNAumlhM YH FRD btwsn drcopyM XNmicro bccedilN YhAumlN ycedilnmicro FRD bccedilNMfrac12

XGzxBR kAumlnN bm-bQ zsectlyenecircE yccedilnWN yAumlecircETN zIacuteN XNdcedilAtilde[Acirc ycedilAcircgR

WD nWYacuteYacute hlt$M MNAEligAEligT XGzxBR ldquols_rdquo SsectlW ldquoEacuteNrdquo XAcirc ldquowND LJrdquo

ycedilAcircgbdquo kmccedilAcirccWM AEligšgR Eacutenfrac12 ldquoxyennxLrdquo bcedilL SAtilderaquo XNdcedil-permil YHM

yXGzxBRN hLatildeT ycedilAtildeSrG_ nWYacuteYacute SlzH xuacuteYAtildeS 9divide6-7 AtildelW TNbTfrac12

ldquoxyennxLrdquo tBlOuml Slcedil-permilW EacuteN t=yenpara mrcopyatildeCN ycedils-N nWYacuteYacute YH EacuteN

bAumlecircET zIacuteN sectY lzsectlM mqm- (xuacuteYAtildeS 9divide7) kAumlecircET zR ycedilmEgraveWN ms

mmLkt$ XRG_ YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute

bx-rdquosectY xuacuteYAtildeS 7divide14 XAcirc xuacuteYAtildeS 9divide6-7 YH EacuteN xMsectK XNd ccediln bGL

ycedilAtildeStMbdquo AcirccWYacuteYacute xuacuteYAtildeS 7divide14 Eacutenfrac12 ldquoxyennxLrdquo (YH byentampatildeS 1divide23 mrTfrac12

ldquoXGzxBR kXfrac34 URrdquo yenlT nW) tBlOuml XNdcedil-permil ycedilAcircgR sccedilNfrac12 xuacuteYAtildeS 9divide6-7

dGauml Eacutenfrac12 ldquoDNQ mmicroRrdquofrac12 ldquoÂtildeL xMsectKrdquofrac12 ldquoyzsectlM xAEligTrdquofrac12 ldquoyssectM LLrdquo XNd

ccediln YgLUacuteL [BpermilYS- xLgbR ycedillW sccedilNfrac12 XGzxBR xB permils bzh WD

xLgbR (xuacuteYAtildeS 10divide21) tBlOuml m-permilt$N LB YsectL] XNAumlhM ldquokxhN jMeacute XSk

zsectlMfrac12 mNG|t$N bFTAcirc bDQ YmRnotLiquest dGauml bmAtildeZM Atilde[AcircecircLrdquo (qcurren_R 7)

ycedillW TNbT bnbdagger xuacuteYAtildeS zmN ytwldW sBxecircE EacuteNfrac12 xMsectKnTN ycedilAtildeuacutedagger

yXnzH SaumlC hl AEliglbT nW yenlT bF[M ycedilOgraveL xYdlMmdashldquooacuteD sAtildeWQ igraveeacute

yennotrdquo microLccediln bStqRYacuteYacute

nbdagger xuacuteYAtildeS mUacutexW msfrac12 ÂtildeL xMsectK mccedilnN BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12

XGzxBR xMsectK ZbN lmnotdGfrac12 lyendSAcirc lmMpermilT xNdcedilmEgrave bGL

tAcircGhellipL (xuacuteYAtildeS 40divide9-11iquest 43divide10-13iquest 59divide15-20)YacuteYacute

lMuacutelmdash

yecircJ nUpara DM XNAumlH YsectLiquest yXGzxBRN mNgDfrac12 bMDr bAuml xzUdegiquest

lxMsectmicroCN xWpermil gOumlAumlAcircfrac12 bbrˆ xStmicroKl

(xuacuteYAtildeS 40divide3)


94

ycedillWN YHN yxuacuteYAtildeS KFL MSSl wNgsectT mNgD ycedilAtildezUjW m_Mq$

timesNS XNd ccediln ycedilAtildezUjWM mNgD ygnot xysS mccedilnN AtildeSrAumll (yentampatildeS 3divide3iquest

yenRoumlS 1divide3iquest lrdquoS 3divide4-6)YacuteYacute YH dGauml mLXKtfrac34WN ycedilLkW xMsectK xysS KRSegraveS

mccedilnN AtildeStMpermilLYacuteYacute

yen-rdquolAtilde xNAumlND satildeC xysS xMsectmicroecircE SM AEliglbT mccediln xMsectK mccedilnN ycedilAtildemlKT

xYdlM lcedillW uacuteAEligcW ycedilAtildeqRbTN ytlAtildedagger NtildeGegraveC b_AcircnotCN mjmparaAtilde sectY

mmLknotCN YnotwuacuteLYacuteYacute lcedilAtildeqRAEligcWM NtildeGegraveC mF QCcediluacuteecircEAcirc MKNtimesxecircE yccediln

mLS ys-N YmSlAcircLYacuteYacute MAcircLAEligT bjyeneacuteW sectY AtildesectqrBnW ngR GN bAtildeNS byen-

rdquolAtildeW sectY yenQrB AtildelbN xND NtildeGT ycedilktlW nWmdash

bQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT WS_ xNAumlND satildeCfrac12 ldquoxMsectmicroecircE yccediln SMrdquo182 AEliglbT

yccedilnbT hnnot xlYacuteYacute lMuacutel ldquoxLAtildeSrdquo ycedillW SM yldquoxLrdquo XAcirc yAtildeHecircamp x+R NbT

yccedilnW ldquoyAtildeHrdquo _MrT nWYacuteYacute ngR GN xLAtildeS xMsectK XNAumlLccediln XNtildeN nWYacuteYacute LK

XNdzh hl bTNbt xRMAtildeS sectY lsAacuteQAtildeS (MNM XNmicro XNd SNtilde AEligYntildeRM) ldquosectM

msfrac12 ldquoXGzxBR DrdquoCNrdquo tBlW XNdcedil-bdquo YAcircgpermilL (xRMAtildeS 23divide6)YacuteYacute LK

XNdzh hl xysS KRSegraveSfrac12 ldquoxyennxLrdquo (XGzxBR kXfrac34 UR) mAEligl (xuacuteYAtildeS

7divide14) XNAumlhM yAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT xuacuteYAtildeSN -QsW bucircM SNtilde mjmparaAtilde

yts-W yenR šsectL brvbargt AEligZ xuacuteYAtildeS 8divide3 ccedilntilde XAcircgszligecirclNYacuteYacute YH ycedilAtildemlKtW

sBxWAtildeN permiluacutecW xMsectK bt-permilbT SM XNd t-bdquo bAtildeuacuteYM kt-bdquobT SM

tn|tN xMsectK AcirccW yenlT XNdyenNClW hlfrac12 xysSM xMsectmicroecircE SM AEliglbT

mccediln xMsectKnt$N xAtildeuacuteYM lcedillW NtildeGT mLS xlN183YacuteYacute mLuacuteCNM Xnccedilmdash

(1) XnzH SaumlC TNbnotecircE bccediln mLk ms xysSN ycedilAtildemlKt$ XNcopy Glsiumlc$N

ycedilAtildeuacutedagger xYdlMYacuteYacute (2) xysS XNAumlAtildeW lm-paraAtildenT yts-W tampatildeaeligparaK SM uacuteYccedilNfrac12

Saumlc$ btgl[bT WD hl XnzH SaumlC xMsectmicroecircE AEligRYWNfrac12 xMsectmicroecircE KBbdquoNfrac12

xMsectmicroecircE |permilWN XNAumlhM xMsectmicroecircE mNbbdquoN ycedilAtildeuacutedagger AcirccWYacuteYacute (3) XnzH SaumlC lxB

bts-bT tmuacuteuacuteY WD WS_ lxysS ts_tW mgszlignotcW XNAumlhM brvbarYyenntildenotecircE

xMLdivideNfrac12 KBRN wzt bcedilAtildeuacuteY mLk lxysS mecircsectcW xMsectKnt$N FNTW

xDRgW ycedilAtildeuacutedagger YccedilAcirclYacuteYacute

bx-rdquosectY QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT XGzxBR xBN xMsectK bcedillbT WD xysS

KRSegraveSN xMsectK yenlnotcW (timesNS 1divide118iquest 20divide28iquest ecircRAtildeT |permil 20divide28iquest eacuteraquo 9divide5iquest

182 YH bngr mldividet$ rsaquolMfrac12 ldquotampatildeaeligparaKrdquo (theophoric) SM bmAEligL YnotwrdquoLYacuteYacute 183 Bowman and Komoszewski Putting Jesus in His Place 272 kTimo Eskola Messiah and the Throne Jewish

Merkabah Mysticism and Early Christian Exaltation Discourse WUNT 2142 (Tuumlbingen Mohrsiebeck 2001)

139-142 -QsW XNd UacuteucircTYacuteYacute


95

tEegrave 2divide13iquest 2rsquo_eacuteS 1divide1iquest BpermilWAtildeN 1divide8iquest 1timesNS 5divide20) wYM yBlY kAumlN MNAEligAEligT

xBN ldquoAtildeHecircamprdquo (ysBrsaquo lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM ldquognotrdquo) bcedillbT TRgcurrenNtilde bAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT

xysS ldquognotrdquo mAEligl (lMuacutelmdash eacuteraquo 10divide9-13iquest 1oumleacuteNegraveS 8divide6iquest ethLugraveSdaggerS 2divide9-11iquest

1rsquo_eacuteS 3divide13-15) XNAumlhM xysS KRSegraveS XNd xB ldquoyng|notT Ng| ygegraveC gnotrdquofrac12

(lMuacutelmdash permilXY 17divide14iquest 19divide1)frac12 ldquoxAumlfrac14mD^nTrdquo (tEegrave 2divide13iquest 2rsquo_eacuteS 1divide11)frac12 ldquoXnrdquo

(timesNS 8divide242858)frac12 ldquoxLIacuteAcirc acircraquoUrdquo (permilXY 1divide7-817-18iquest 2divide8iquest 22divide12-13) wzt mAEligl

xMsectmicroecircE AEligRYWN ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT yxysS KRSegraveS SM

yKRSTAcirc XMnT notparamicroecircE lT XNd ccediln btdUUcedil kyenStyenpermilcWM bsectY xysS

kSaumlC hl bsectY yccediln SM XNAumllW bGL AtildeStMpermill (xOslashicircN 1divide21iquest ethLugraveSdaggerS 2divide9-

11iquest sup3sectSYS 3divide17)YacuteYacute

xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT AcirccW ksectY xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccW lcedillW TMHRTfrac12 yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN

xNUIacute mMHpermilN ycedilAtildeqRAEligcWN ecircAcirc ecircAcirc KFlOumlC bQRbT lmmRmR aumlKrAcircLYacuteYacute kQCcediluacuteT

mUacuteFT ycedil-QuacutecW KFlOumlC yDRJt$N mrt XMnT b+permilgt ycedilAtilde[n AtildelmccedilAcirccW

BOgrave uacuteYccedilN yDRJt$N TMHRT ycedilUacuterbdquo AcirccWYacuteYacute kzH bmq-L xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS

ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWN bGL_ kcedilAcircgbdquo MNAEligAEligT maacuteL _qEegravec$N bwF brR

XNrdquofrac34cecirclNmdash

yentampatildeS 28divide19

XNGAumlH poundCcedilAcirc xsup2BN hl bxBfrac12 bwLDAcirc bmNfS QCcedilS SM XAtilde-

mrdquoCldquocWfrac12 AtildezZldquoChNM hl XNAuml-Bq$ XAtildeStyenpermilCldquocW dq msup2NtildeRT

xDRUgravecWYacuteYacute

ldquoπορευθέντες οὐν μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα του

πατρὸς καὶ του υἱου καὶ του ἁγίου πνεύματοςrdquo

ksectY lyenyT XNd aumlkRnW GpermilNvL šRP ytAEliglW ysecircSW G (G 6)frac12 hlT

tmuacuteuacuteY NtildeAtilde AtildesectcW SaumlC bldquoXAcircrdquo (ldquomicroYrdquo ldquoκαὶrdquo) tAtildeYzW bSaumlc$ mjmparaAtilde sectY WSN

mStumlMR microlfrac12 Saumlc$ SltlAtildey xmicroL ycedilAcircgbdquo AcirccW184YacuteYacute bzH KFL xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS

QCcedilS ycedillT yyenrG SaumlCfrac12 tmuacuteuacuteY NtildeAtilde AtildesectcW n-sect SaumlC Slccediln185frac12 xBfrac12 wLDAcirc

184 bldquoXAcircrdquo (bldquomicroYrdquo ldquoκαὶrdquo) ycedilAtildeAtildezT SaumlCfrac12 khlT bsectY mccedilAcirccW bšRpS G sectY xNAumlCM lW_ XNdyenAtildeSkTL

LB YsectLYacuteYacute ycedilktlTN aeligC YmlkaLmdash Robert M Bowman Jr Sharps Rules and Antitrinitarian

Theologies A Defense of Granville Sharps Argument for the Deity of Christ (1999 Revised Edition AtildeLnottm F)

kJames A Brooks and Carlton L Winberg Syntax of New Testament Greek (Washington DC University Press of

America 1978) 70 -Qicirc XNd UacutefWYacuteYacute 185 xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS ycedillT ƒSt$M n-sect yyenrG SaumlC XNAumlhM zRF NtildeAtilde (genitive case) AcirccWYacuteYacute


96

mNfS QCcedilS ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT186 mccedilAcirccWN bGL_ AtildeStMpermill (YH YnT ysecircSW xwrdquoqR

AtildesectcWN ycedilktlTN KFlOumlC bGparaK mF QCcedilS sectY YmLkt$ timesNS 1divide17iquest timesNS 2divide22iquest

timesNS 11divide44iquest 2-aumltampatildeS 1divide5)YacuteYacute

YH KFLfrac12 xB ypermils yenNnT XNAumllW hl wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilSM ypermiluacutecW yenNnT

XNAumlsectcW ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute XNAumlhM xB xyssN XNd LBS ylbsW xMsectK nW XNAumlhM

mNfS QCcedilS ypermils yenNnT yllW yxB TNIacutegt nW187 ycedillW ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo

TMHRT bzH SFpermil XNAumlCM DUF ylWMYacuteYacute

186 mNfS QCcedilS ldquoxmicroLrdquo xlW (bzH mF ldquoxmicroLrdquo ycedillWN rdquoL yMN-qmW m=b_ mAumlsSN lyenmLkT

XNAumlLccediln LB YsectL)YacuteYacute 187 xNAumlND GlsiumlC xBAcirc wLD btAEligT (bwNAacute) Ucircnot sgl[frac12 mNfS QCcedilS GN bGZ Ucircnot mQrbfrac12 xmicrosectecircE

HLWAcirc XNdllW ycedilAtildemlKT nWfrac12 ycedilL yNtildeGT n_B AtildenœlYacuteYacute btlY kNG jMS ycedilAEliglWN yXNGlZfrac34

TRgcurrenM Atildenbb satildeC YH _Atildeqamp bqsectl lf-RAEligcW YCsectLmdashldquoThe Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit that we are

the children of Godrdquo (Rom 816 KJV)mdashYH yGparaKN secircSW microlyenwQ ycedilkT Gpermil mUAEligT nWYacuteYacute bXNGlZfrac34 IgraveNIgrave

secircSecircecircE UcircnotAcirc nAEligpermilecircE Ucircnot xND AcirccWiquest lMuacutel ldquowNDrdquo ycedillW tAEligXTfrac12 ldquosTrdquo ycedillW xNSnotY XNAumlhM ldquomkAcircrdquo

ycedillW dGauml yGZ UcircnotN ycedilAtildeuacutedagger AcirccWYacuteYacute lXnzHM SaumlC yMN-qmW MDB tWsect- SM (pronoun)

TKKLfrac34WN Ucircnot ycedilAtildeEgraveQS mccedilN YntildeRbnotLYacuteYacute lzHM nW bXNGlZfrac34 secircSW tf_hellipecircE UcircnotAcirc ysecircSW Ucircnot XND

AcirccW AtildeLnWYacuteYacute AumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT ytUacuteucircT bXNGlZfrac34 wYM bGXZ wYM dGauml blsect IgraveNIgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 divideYn

bcedilAEliglW yGparaK IgraveNIgrave nWYacuteYacute divideYn GparaK kXNGlZfrac34 secircSW bXJg ycedillYbT -AEligY xlWYacuteYacute bdivideYn GparaK yenAcirccWM

YnT SaumlC bƒST mdB YkfsectlYacuteYacute YWM xNSnotY (stamp)frac12 tAElignotY (wNAacute) XAcirc GZ AcirccWYacuteYacute YH yenlT GN

btAEligT Ucircnot yqrbW xmicroL wND nW bxNSnotY Ucircnot ytgl-W sT nW XNAumlhM bGZ Ucircnot yqrbW GZ nW

yenlT xYdlMYacuteYacute ysecircSW UcircnotAcirc tf_hellipecircE Ucircnot ytlAtildedagger AcirccWYacuteYacute ldquoaumlTrdquo (GparaK notAcircegraveS θάνατος) tAElignotY Ucircnot

sntilderWfrac12 ldquo^-xTrdquo (GparaK hyenRTAtilde ἁμαρτία) dGauml xNSnotY Ucircnot xlWYacuteYacute ldquoLJrdquo (tampKntildeN τέκνον) ycedillW rdquoL

yGZ Ucircnot xlWYacuteYacute ldquoEacuteNrdquo (shyYAumltimesN παιδίον) ycedillW yGparaK rdquoL bAumlS kAumlN GparaK 52 gz yt-qs sccedilNfrac12 bsB

lrdquoAcircT TRgcurrenM dGauml 168 gz _QM sectY WsectLYacuteYacute yrdquol secircSecircecircE Ucircnot GZ YhN XNcopyfrac12 EacuteN LJ GZ

xYdlMmdashtAElignotY xLAtildeM xNSnotY nWYacuteYacute lMuacutel xysS bAumlS kAumlN GparaK 11 gz EacuteN tBsectLiquest rdquol yGZ

UcircnotN kyenmLkt$M AEligšgRfrac12 MDB tWsect- Saumlc$ GZ UcircnotN xmsectmicroC AcirccW (yentampatildeS 2divide8 91113 [2gz]1420

[2gz]iquest lrdquoS 2divide172740)YacuteYacute ylylT BD microLccediln bqRfrac12 gnot EacuteNnt$ wQT GZ nbR lL kegraveWNM xYClMYacuteYacute

lzHM nW bGparaK secircSW tf_hellipecircE UcircnotAcirc secircSecircecircE Ucircnot lyQL AcirccW ycedilAEliglWYacuteYacute bGparaK ldquomNfSrdquo (nWyen πνεῦμα)

ycedillW SM mNfuacuteecircE xmicrosectTNM ccediln (XRkcurrenuacuteNNM ccediln QCcediluacuteN msectXKTN) mNfS QCcedilSN lyenuacuteyT _QM sectY

bWLMfrac12 rdquol btf_eacuteW yGZ UcircnotN SlcedilAtildemlKT rdquolM ccediln rdquolN tkTlW ycedilm- MDB tWsect- SaumlCfrac12

yGZ Ucircnot AtildecedilAtildeuacutedaggerbT hnnot xl (lMuacutel timesNS 4divide24iquest GparaK MDM tWsect- SaumlC kUcircnotW UR YEgraveEgraveyenliquest ngR

GN xNAumlNAacute yAumlS kAumlN [ˆFAtildeN YHN G bmtsectlF ksecircSW YLQ lngr mldividet$ TkcurrenrT s_tecircL)YacuteYacute YH

XNAumll ccedilntilde mNIacuteS QCcedilSfrac12 rsquopermilQlotildeS (shypermilKlegraveS παράκλητος) tBlOuml bt-permilAEligcW iumlnotatildeC sectY ytAEligT Ucircnot

XNAumlhM MDB tWsect- Saumlc$ ytAEligT Ucircnot Yoslash gBegravexL (lMuacutel timesNS 14divide26iquest 1timesNS 2divide1)YacuteYacute ldquoxUNTrdquo

(AumlYaumlnatildeN δαιμονίων) ycedillW rdquoL yGZ UcircnotN xmLmicroC nWYacuteYacute ngR GN XRkcurrenuacuteN mAcircFST Gsup2N AcirccW yenlT

xYdlM (permilXY 18divide2iquest yentampatildeS 7divide22iquest yenRoumlS 16divide917iquest ecircRAtildeT |permil 17divide18)YacuteYacute SlzH eacuteraquo 8divide16 =Meacute llOumlCM

iumlnotatildeC mNfS QCcedilSN ycedilAtildemlKt$ MDB tWsect- SaumlC yGZ UcircnotN yenuacuteynotcW mNfS QCcedilS GZ nW wYM

xmicrosectecircE HLWAcirc xlW wdcedillW DMAumlraquo ycedilAtildedRs xYdlMYacuteYacute YHN ysecircSW G AEliglyenwQ ym-bqEAtilde GNB

DRJT mNfS QCcedilS bGZ Ucircnot m-permilt$ xmicroL yllW yxMsectK ^YL nW ycedillWN NtildeGt$N kcedilktlW mF

sectY mmLkT YOgravesectLmdash Insight on the Scriptures ldquoEntry for ldquoSPIRITrsquordquo Volume 2 (Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of

New York Inc 1989) 1019


97

ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo mMHpermilN ldquoSMrdquo (GparaK ldquoaringntildeyenrdquo ὄνομα) ycedillW n-sect rdquoL

xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS xND xmicroL mccedilAcirccWN ycedilAtildemlKT nW AEligY AcirccW188YacuteYacute xBfrac12

wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWN lyenuacuteyT tfLmacr bccedilN ntildeeacutefrac12 ldquoSMrdquo uacuteYccedilN

ldquoSaumlCrdquo mAEligL nbrbT ycedilL yNtildeGT n_B AtildeqRAEliglYacuteYacute YH yNtildeGT n_B xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS

QCcedilS ytlAtildey yenNnT xsectcW ycedillWN TMHRT lmrdquowM sAEligL BOgrave yqrb NtildeGT XNcopyfrac12

yGparaK secircSWN xmicroyumlD b+permilgt ytktl xYdlMYacuteYacute ldquoSMrdquo (GparaK aringntildeyen ὄνομα) ycedillW n-sect rdquoL

y_QL SM XNd mccediln m-Nfrac12 yBz qcurren_R sectsectcW xmicrosectTM _QM sectY sWL mRAEligT

(ldquoSaumlCrdquo mAEligL) xAtildeSfLgWMYacuteYacute xSrJ YccedilN zND ycedilktlTN KFlOumlC YmlkaLmdash

(zF_rT 5divide2iquest 11divide14iquest 48divide6iquest 48divide16)YacuteYacute

ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo mMHpermilN xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS ycedillW SM yyenrG

SM XNcopyfrac12 yt[Wacirc (ym-paraAtilde) SM SsectLccediln bxB bwLD bmNfS QCcedilS SM LN-mQ

xYgAEligNM ycedilL xIgraveM xsectcW189YacuteYacute ngR GN xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS ycedillW SM yyenrG

SM mccedilnfrac12 XNAumlN-mQbT ycedilklKlN MKNAtildeT MN XNd ccediln xlmgl[ BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 rdquol

XGzxBR bt[Wacirc SMAcirc byenrG SM mmicrokL xNAumlCM LdaggernT XNdyenAtildentildeR ycedilktlTN

KFlOumlC YmlkaLmdash


o DNQ mmicroRfrac12 ÂtildeL xMsectKfrac12 yzsectlM xAEligTfrac12 yssectM xlrdquo ycedillT SAtilderaquoatildeC yms xpermilT

ldquoSMrdquo190 AcirccW (xuacuteYAtildeS 9divide6)YacuteYacute



o ldquoKRSegraveSrdquo (yentampatildeS 24divide5 k1rsquo_eacuteS 4divide14 UR AtildenUacutebdquo)YacuteYacute

o ldquoKRStEAtildeNrdquo (1rsquo_eacuteS 4divide16)YacuteYacute

o ldquoyXGzxBR rdquoLrdquo (permilXY 19divide13)YacuteYacute

o ldquoyng|notT Ng|frac12 ygegraveC gnotrdquo (permilXY 19divide13)YacuteYacute

lMuacutel XGzxBR wYM xMsectK ycedillW rdquoL yt[Wacirc SM nW wYS yyenrG SM

ycedilL _Atildeqamp lnœ YCsectLYacuteYacute mF QCcedilS xMsectK bcedillW SM sectY ldquoyXfrac34rdquofrac12 ldquoyXSpermilxLrdquo wzt

ycedillT QlOumlC tqlWbT ycedilg Slccedilnfrac12 rdquol yyenrG SMN yenuacuteyt$ XNtildeN nWYacuteYacute ngR GN

XnzH QlOumlC bllbT hnnot GN xMsectKfrac14XGzxBR ycedillW rdquoL yt[Wacirc SMN yenmLkt$

yGD YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute lzH _bdquo yenSrcopy lccedilN ycedilClWfrac12 ldquoKRSegraveSrdquo ycedillW rdquoL nWYacuteYacute bxNAumlND

mF QCcediluacuteecircE MNAEligAEligT ldquomsrdquo ycedillW yBpermilYS_ rdquoL KRSegraveS ycedillW yGparaK rdquoL

188 David K Bernard The Oneness of God 136139 189 tKl yenRAtildeM gsup2iquest XDN zND MN yenDrG YgAEligfrac34L xAumlS LdTiquest (xAumlS xbAElig xTtimesugraveAtilde) g 117YacuteYacute 190 bzH SFpermil DNQ mmicroRfrac12 ÂtildeL xMsectKfrac12 yzsectlM xbTfrac12 yssectM xlrdquo ycedillT SAtilderaquoatildeC bRmicronot ccedilnW uacutel

SM (GparaK aringntildeyen ὄνομα) bcedilL n-sect rdquoL XNd t-bdquo LB LsectLYacuteYacute YH SM (GparaK aringntildeyen ὄνομα) ycedillW n-sect

rdquoL Saumlc tBlOuml mRAEligT XNdyenAtildeSfLgW ycedilAtildemlkT nWYacuteYacute


98

yyenrG SMN byenAtildeuacuteY mLk _QM sectY WlOumlxL (lMuacutel yentampatildeS 16divide16iquest lrdquoS 24divide46iquest

timesNS 1divide41)YacuteYacute ngR GN bAumlS kAumlN mLXKegraveC WS_frac12 ldquoKRSegraveSrdquo ycedillW rdquoL bxBsup2frac34W

yt[Wacirc SMN bcedilAtildemlKT mLk _QM sectY WsectLYacuteYacute kzH yMNyenrW ngR bQCcediluacuteT

mUacuteFT bt[Wacirc SMAcirc byenrG SM mmicrokL xNAumlCM LdaggernT XNdyenAtildedRG ycedilyuacuteY nWYacuteYacute

AacutevD k bRAcircRD ytAEliglT yDRJt$ [êth yentampatildeS 28divide19 UR tUgraveAuml yccedilnT yyenRoumlSAcirc

16divide17iquest ylrdquoS 24divide47 MNAEligAEligTfrac12 ldquoxysSrdquo BlW yenlnotcW xBfrac12 wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS ycedillT

yyenrG SaumlCfrac12 xysS KRSegraveSN ycedilAtildemlKt$ AcirccW ycedilL NtildeGT xQRbecircLYacuteYacute YHN ybRAcircD

yNtildeGT bAtildeNS ƒST mrnotecircE CGeacuteC xlbT xNdfrac34iquest yentampatildeS 28divide19 sectY xBfrac12 wLDAcirc

mNfS QCcedilS ycedillT SAtilderaquoatildeC ytlAtildey yenNnT AtildesectcWN xmicrosectT XNdcedilAtildemlKT yšRpSN

ysecircSW G tkTlN ftAcircLYacuteYacute YHN XNAumlAtildeW ZM BlW xDbSBsW lMN XNAumllucircT

yenBpermilparaAtilde YQrBLNYacuteYacute hltfrac34iquest ylrdquoS 24divide47 MNAEligBfrac12 yyentampatildeS ylrdquoS 28divide19 MNAEligB tUgraveAuml

MNAEligB nW yenlT xYOgraveLMiquest MKNAtildet$M blrdquoS wNgL 24divide47 sectY xysS Sl _MqT

xNAumlCM ngR xLtAcircgrMYacuteYacute XNAumlhM yenRoumlSAcirc 16divide17 _NnotecircEAcirc tumlyennnT AEligsectcW yGparaK d

KnotAEligT sectY xYgM191YacuteYacute ƒStfrac34iquest XnzH MNAEligAEligT tUgraveAuml MNAEligB AcirccW BNL XNmicrofrac12 xNCcedil

MNAEligB yyenYnGrNN ngR lsectW MNAEligB mNgbdquo MNAEligAEligt$N tdUUeth ycedilAtildedRG XNcopyfrac12 xNCcedil

MNAEligB sectY ytgl[W XWnT blsectW MNbB sectY microLtgl[frac12 bGL sFeacute ycedilgszligW TMHRT

XNAumlLtgl[ YnotYL yenlT StT nW192YacuteYacute

ssectMnotatildeC

kxAElignotCN kXGzxBRfrac12 kgnotM kxysS KRSegraveS [UAcirc ssectM lXAcircNt YhN

χάρις ὑμιν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεου πατρὸς ἡμων καὶ κυρίου ʼΙησου Χριστου

yGpermilNvL šRP G (G 5)frac12 hlT tmuacuteuacuteY NtildeAtilde AtildesectcW SaumlC bldquoXAcircrdquo (ldquomicroYrdquo ldquoκαὶrdquo)

tAtildeYzW bmjmparaAtildeW SM sectY WSN mStumlMR microll Saumlc$ SltlAtildey xmicroL ycedilAcircgbdquo AcirccWYacuteYacute

YH ysecircSW G xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWN ycedilAtildeStMR nW (eacuteraquo 1divide7iquest

1oumleacuteNegraveS 1divide3iquest 2oumleacuteNegraveS 1divide2iquest gsectTAtilde 1divide3iquest xOslashicircN 1divide2iquest ethLugraveSdaggerS 1divide2iquest 2tSlOumlNqamp 1divide2iquest ethLaumlAcirc

3iquest xOslashicircN 6divide23iquest 1tslOumlNqamp 1divide1iquest 2tslOumlNqamp 1divide1iquest 1-aumltampatildeS 1divide12iquest 2-aumltampatildeS 1divide2iquest tEegrave 1divide4iquest

AtildeoumlB 1divide1iquest 2timesNS 3)YacuteYacute

191 bzH gcurrenAumlY sectY seth yenBpermilparaAtilde kflg tSIacuteuuml eacutebliquest WbrvbarWAcirc SNtilde 19-24 YmlkaLYacuteYacute 192 qampS tKl yenRAtildeM gsup2 wR^ ~AumlR 1996 rsaquoM sectYfrac12 ldquobXWntfrac34W y_MqT |RT t-MqbrvbarLN yyentampatildeS

28divide19 XWnnotrdquo bcedilL RXS yzUdegT 4 g Ffrac12 yentampatildeS 28divide19 kgz bldquosect microegraveldivideC bmF QCcedilS WS_

y=mbdquoT F mccedilnNfrac12 kzHM ytnœ KFl _NnotWAtildeN bccediln yGparaK QiacuteC sectY xYgM BlecircLYacuteYacute XJG _NnotecircEAcirc

tumlyennnT xsectcW bcedilAEligl _NnotWAtildeN yGparaK d KnotAEligT sectY hl YH KFL bGL sFeacute Ygfrac34LYacuteYacute zmn ymrcopy

zmN Slccedilnfrac12 yDRJt$ xAEligsectT permiluacutecW mMHpermilcW YHN mrcopy kyT XNAumlm-T km-yQM AEliglffrac12 yentampatildeS 28divide19

ylAEligcWM ytAEligl _NnotWAtildeN aeligC yTregc$ XNd ccediln l-YQ XNAumlhM XWnnotWN lAtilderUG_ YgAEligLYacuteYacute


99

xBAcirc wLD hlT MSKeacuteC AcirccW

mF QCcedilS xBAcirc wLD hlT ytlAtildedagger MSKeacuteC XNd ccediln bGL AtildeStMpermilLYacuteYacute

xysS Sl permils ys-W MSKRnTfrac12 XGzxbR Sl Ldeg bgl-W MSKRnT mrUg_

XNAumllbT QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT AtildeSgnZAEliglYacuteYacute YH yyenYccedilN kccediln ygnot MSKRnT tqAEligYnT xAtildegM

yenlT nWYacuteYacute

ldquoXn Sl permils BmsKR MSKRntamp tqAEligYnT xYntilderWMYacuteYacute sl Xn ycedilmsKR lsect xliquest

XRs Sl Xn ycedils-WM MSKRnT XWnT XNd ccediln WrdquolhrdquoYacuteYacute

(timesNS 5divide31-32)

XNAumlhMfrac12 ldquoSl Xn ycedilmsKR lsect xlrdquo bcedillW NGGR WS_ ldquolsectrdquo (ldquoxlOumllOumlSrdquo ἄλλος)

ycedillW rdquoL bxBsup2frac34W bYnT xND ccedilntilde ytlAtildey yenNnT AtildelWN xmicroL ycedilAtildeuacuteY sccedilNfrac12

[lMuacutel ycedilktlTN KFlOumlC YmlkaL yentampatildeS 7divide24iquest 13divide5iquest 20divide36iquest 21divide33iquest 27divide42iquest yenRoumlS

6divide15iquest 8divide28iquest 12divide32iquest 15divide31iquest lrdquoS 9divide19iquest 22divide59iquest 23divide35iquest timesNS 9divide9iquest 20divide25iquest 21divide8iquest ecircRAtildeT

|permil 2divide12iquest 19divide32iquest 21divide34iquest 1oumleacuteNegraveS 1divide16iquest 9divide27iquest 10divide29iquest 12divide8iquest 14divide29iquest 2oumleacuteNegraveS 1divide13iquest

ethLugraveSdaggerS 3divide4iquest permilXY 17divide10frac12 yumlTeacuteS (ἕτερος) ycedillW dGauml bxBsup2frac34W bYnTM ccedilntilde bxmicroL

ytlyN ngR ycedilAtildemlKT nW (yenRoumlS 16divide12193iquest lrdquoS 9divide29iquest 1oumleacuteNegraveS 15divide40iquest eacuteraquo 7divide23iquest

gsectTAtilde 1divide6iquest AtildeoumlB 2divide25)]194 kzH yrdquoL x-rdquoqM bGL yMNyenrW qcurrenM ngR xBAcirc wLD

ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWN BOgrave uacuteYccedilN xB xMsectK XNd ccedilnW hl wLDM xMsectK mccedilnN

nWYacuteYacute

timesNS 5divide31-32 UR tsup2yenJ yccedilnW ytimesNS 8divide16-18 KFL XNAumlH YsectLmdash

ldquoBfRDM ksectk kxB UR XNcopy BOgraveuumlN SsectLccedilNh FRAacute TKKL nWYacuteYacute yhlT satildeC

MSKRnT tqAEligYnT XNAumllW bUCh taeligxLYacuteYacute Sl permils yMmsKR xNCcedil Xn niquest

lsectWM MSKEcirc ysectk xB nWrdquoYacuteYacute

193 yenRoumlS 16divide9-20 AtildelW KFL _NnotecircEAcirc tumlyenn bccediln yGparaK d KnotAEligT sectY Atildelmgszligt$ BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 bngr

mldivideT Yzt$M ktqbdquoT yyenRoumlS wNgL KFlOumlC BOgrave uacuteYccedilN ktqbdquoT yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT XJG ytly nWYacuteYacute

bzH KFL xysS kNtildenotN ytnœW baumltbT xmicroL uacuteYccedilNfrac12 btly xmicroL XNd ccediln YgLUacuteLiquest YH dGauml ktqbdquoT

yAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT F[M ytly nWYacuteYacute 194 Swanson J 1997 Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains Greek (New Testament) Logos Research

Systems Inc Oak Harbor Arndt W Gingrich F W Danker F W amp Bauer W 1996 c1979 A Greek-English lexicon of the

New Testament and other early Christian literature A translation and adaption of the fourth revised and augmented edition of

Walter Bauers Griechisch-deutsches Worterbuch zu den Schrift en des Neuen Testaments und der ubrigen urchristlichen

Literatur (University of Chicago Press Chicago) 315 btrdquopermiln UcircnotatildeC mmicrokL ycedilf[mW yGBr |U GNszlignTfrac12 heterosexual

intercourse bmAEligL ycedilnotwQ sccedilNfrac12 YH yXNGlZfrac34 rdquoL ytwsdW bYnT ytly kcedillW yGparaK rdquoL (ἕτερος) mccedilnN LB YsectLYacuteYacute


100

xysS kxB ysyenWN SlcedilAcircgR NGGbdquo XWnT mccediln BOgrave uacuteYccedilN (8divide1628iquest 12divide49)

lcedilAcircgrWM ngR XWntnT MSKbdquo xB nW (8divide17-18)YacuteYacute xysS KRSegraveS YHN NGGR

BlAtildeTN -Qicirc (z^currenLq$ 35divide30iquest zAumlGM 17divide6iquest 19divide15) mAcircgbdquo xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT

ccedilAcirccWN ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL kccedilnfrac12 XRs permilsfrac12 ldquoXn Sl permils BmsKR

MSKRntamp tqAEligYnT xYntilderWMrdquo BlOuml btAcircgrW mrT MSKRnt$ tumlyenn mccedilN xYCLM

nbRYacuteYacute

bx-rdquosectY xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL kccedilnfrac12 XRs lpermils mSKeacutexLAcirc MSKRnt$ XWnT

xYccedilNM (timesNS 5divide31)YacuteYacute ngR GN xysSfrac12 Sl Xn ycedilmsKR lsect nWiquest XRsM Sl Xn

ycedilmsKrW MSKRnT XWnT XNd ccediln Wrdquolh (timesNS 5divide32 ldquolsectrdquo ytAEliglW xB mccedilnN

LB YsectL qcurren_R 37) ycedillW NGGR yBlY kAumlN ysup1Nmacr |RT AEligEgraveqs WD mngbdquofrac12 xBAcirc

wLD ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWN bGL_ AtildeStMpermilLYacuteYacute

xB wLDN LmicroL

bAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT bGL yMNyenrW XWnTfrac12 xB sectk xysS dGauml tsectk XNd

ccediln nWYacuteYacute AtildelMNM mQDm LAEligecircamp XnzHN ymF QCcedilS KFlOumlC xNBiuml xBAcirc wLD xND

xmicroL AcirccW ycedilL sW xl BlOuml mgmT xScUpara nWYacuteYacute sectkAcirc tsectk xND xmicroL AcirccW yMNL

kccedilnfrac12 ldquokXGzxBR ytsectk timesNS ytAEligl xND sW nbrrdquo (timesNS 1divide6) ycedillW ymF

QCcedilS MNAEligBfrac12 XGzxBRAcirc m_Mq$ timesNS xND AcirccW XNd yenlT nWYacuteYacute XNAumlhM xB

wLDN XNd sectkW wLDM dq msup2NtildeRt$N msectk (timesNS 17divide18iquest 20divide21) xBAcirc wLD xND

xmicroL mccedilAcirccWN ycedilAtildeuacuteY nW microLNfrac12 wLDAcirc dq msup2NtildeRt$M xND xmicroL AcirccW wdcedillW

DMAumlraquo ycedilwSdN YccedilAcircL sectkAcirc tsectk xND kccedilnfrac12 (dq msup2NtildeRT bgnot Sltsectk dq

msup2NtildeRt$Acirc xysS xND AcirccW yenlT nW)YacuteYacute

bx-rdquosectY xB sectkfrac12 wLD tsectk mccediln xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWN bGL_

ycedilAtildeStMR nW (timesNS 3divide16-17iquest gsectTAtilde 4divide4iquest 1timesNS 4divide10)YacuteYacute

xBAcirc wLD YecircdAumll QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT xBAcirc wLD XNdcedilecircdCcedil bGL AtildeStMpermill (lMuacutel timesNS 3divide35iquest

5divide20iquest 14divide31iquest 15divide9iquest 17divide23-26iquest yentampatildeS 3divide17iquest 17divide5iquest 2rsquo_eacuteS 1divide17)YacuteYacute XNAumlAtildeWM xysS

KRSegraveS yXRsNAcirc yxAEligt$N FQR tuacuteb AEligdrg mNgDfrac12 ldquoXfrac34 xND XNd ccedilNN XnRsM xND

Yccediln zNDrdquo (timesNS 17divide22) ycedillW [lOumlt$frac12 xBAcirc wLD xNDnnotcW yxmicroL kccedilnfrac12 dq

msup2NtildeRt$M t=FLqW bxmicroL xND XNAumlccediln t[LtimesxL XNd yenlT nWYacuteYacute ldquoYecircdAumllrdquo

ycedillW rdquoL khlT bsectY yccediln xmicrosectTN ycedilAtildeuacuteY kmccediln AEligšgRfrac12 xysS permilsN ycedilwD kccediln

ldquopermilS wAumlD nWrdquo XNDNL yyenAtildedRgN MKNAtildeT Atildel xYmSLMYacuteYacute

xBAcirc wLD YnUgpermill


101

mF QCcedilS xBAcirc wLD XNd tnUgbdquo (timesNS 11divide41-42iquest 12divide28iquest 17divide1-26) XNAumlAtildeWM

snUgbdquo satildeC hl ysNtildebT hnnot XAtildel (timesNS 12divide28) ldquoXRs permilsfrac12 permilsN nW AtildeAcircgrWrdquo

ycedilAEligL kccedilnfrac12 yxysSNM ccediln xysS xAEligtamp AtildelWN xmicroL DM bzparaAtildeW ynbbdquo satildeC XNAacuteT

lsNtilde Ogravel

ldquoxAEligT ccedilYiquest SMHN xKBrWYacuteYacute kzAtildeMfrac12 xKBEcircecirclhiquest dGaumlM xkBrecirclh ycedilL DM

ksyenY mEgraveYacuteYacute bzAtilde ynbbdquoTfrac12 DMiN ysNtildeT xAtildel satildeCfrac12 ngOumlDUgraveD nW xliquest llOumlC

dGaumlfrac12 yensectXKT tAcircgrW xlrdquoYacuteYacute


kxysS x-gB yngbdquofrac12 ldquoxAtildel satildeC ngOumlDUgraveD nW xliquest llOumlC dGauml mLxK

tAcircgrW xl (timesNS 12divide29) ngR GN ytAcircgbdquoTfrac12 ldquongOumlDUgraveDMrdquo ccediln ldquomLxKTrdquo xYdlMiquest ngR

GN xysS ldquoxAEligtamprdquo BlOuml y-permilW xAEligt$ XNcopyYacuteYacute

bxysS zparaAtilde yngbdquo satildeC tAcircUparaWfrac12 ldquongOumlDUgraveDrdquo nW ldquomLxKTrdquo nW ycedilL GMT

AtildeqRb XNd nbrW hl sup2EcircMfrac12 ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW ybrvbarYyenntildeT

DRJT mMHpermilNAcirc tknottimesC ƒStfrac34 xyenpermil+ byenQrBfrac12 ldquoLJHN xKBrWrdquo ycedillW tAcircUparaM

ccediln ldquoxkBrecirclh dGaumlM xkbRhTrdquo ycedillW Msectgt s+ xND AcirccW XAtildelN nWYacuteYacute

xBAcirc wLD Ytecircwrdquol

xysS bzparaAtildeW ynbbdquoTN satildeCfrac12 ldquoXn XzH AtildelhT bgsup2 permils xYdlMiquest ngR GN ysectk

XRs XWntfrac34 nWYacuteYacute XAcircNt xnotWq$TMiquest Xn GN kXRs zND Sl ccedilNhfrac12 XRsM Sl sectk

Wqecirclhrdquo (timesNS 7divide28-29iquest XNAumlhM ycedilktlTN KFlOumlC YmlkaL yentampatildeS 11divide27iquest lrdquoS

10divide22iquest timesNs 7divide29iquest 8divide55iquest 10divide15) ycedillW xnUgbdquofrac12 XNdcediltecircwq$ XNcopyfrac12 xND xmicroL XNd

ccediln ycedilAtildemlKT xYdlMYacuteYacute xBM wLDM xysS kccediln xBN ldquoWqwlhrdquo ycedillW yxysS

xnUgR Xn permilsN Wrdquolh yenlT YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute YH dGauml qLbN AtildeLuacutet -nfrac34 sW Slpermils

ycedilAcircgrW NGGR xYdlMYacuteYacute xBAcirc wLD XNtecircwrdquolN yenlnotcW ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWN


xBAcirc wLD YkAEligbpermill

xysS sW ccediln wdzHC MDR kmMEgravet$M bethT xB wLDN XNdcedilAtildekBrW

XNAumlhM wLD xBN XNdcedilAtildekbrW taeligxL (timesNS 17divide14-5)YacuteYacute YH hnnot xBAcirc wLD

ytlAtildey yenNnT XNAumlsectcW ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute

ldquoXRsrdquo ldquoXnrdquo ycedillT tWsect- SaumlC ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectTN ycedilAtildesdagger AcirccW

bwNgsectT sectY xysS KRSegraveS permilsN ldquoXnrdquo xAEligt$N dGauml ldquoXRsrdquo BlOuml s-permil

btdUUcedilnT XAcircnAEliglNYacuteYacute ldquoXRsrdquo ldquoXnrdquo ycedillT tWsect- SaumlCfrac12 xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT

mccedilAcirccWN ycedilAtildeStMbdquo AcirccW (lMuacutel ycedilktlTN KFlOumlC YmlkaL timesNS 14divide16iquest

14divide26iquest 15divide26iquest 16divide15)YacuteYacute


102

xyss -brdquoCN bxB ldquozNDrdquo nW AtildelW

xyss -brdquoCN bxB ldquozNDrdquo nW AtildelW 1timesNS 2divide1iquest timesNS 1divide1iquest timesNS 17divide5YacuteYacute XnzH

MNAEligAEligT xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWN bGL ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute kzH rFt ngR

yMNyenrW qcurrenM ngR dGaumlfrac12 rdquoL ytAEliglW xysS F_rnotT HLWAcirccWN kyenGszlignotcW bethT

kXGzxBR UR xBeacute XNd nbr ycedilAtildemlKT nWYacuteYacute YWM xysS kXGzxBR xB

ytly yenNnT XNAumllW ycedilAtildeStMR nW195YacuteYacute ldquoURrdquofrac14ldquozNDrdquo tBlOuml bxyenRregc$ QiacuteC sectY

yttrgOumlmW yGparaK rdquoL (GparaK ldquoPeacuteSrdquo ldquoπρὸςrdquo)frac12 bXNGlZregc$ ymF QCcedilS QiacuteC sectY

yttrgOumlmW ldquowithrdquo tBlOuml sccedilNfrac12 bGparak secircSW ldquoURrdquofrac14 ldquozNDrdquo (GparaK ldquoPeacuteSrdquo ldquoπρὸςrdquo) ycedillW

btuacuteb NtildeAtilde (objective case) bcedilqdMbT gz mStUBRNfrac14GNszlignTN AtildemlKnotL196YacuteYacute

xysS nFsN lxAEligt$ dpermil t_egravexL

xysS saumlT nFsN lxAEligt$ dpermil mS-t$ xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWN

AtildeuacuteAtildeL (yenRoumlS 15divide34iquest lrdquoS 23divide46 XS-IacutentildeS bcedilaumlTbT gz nFsN lxysS KRSegraveS dpermil

XNd s-W yenlT nW ecircRAtildeT |permil 7divide59)YacuteYacute

195 TMHRt |sects yyenYecirc_sectcW XnzH mAcircFrdquoN xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildey yenNnT XNAumlsectcW hl mNfS QCcedilSM

khlt$ ytly yenNnT XNAumllW ccedilntilde bXnzH KFlOumlC WS_ AtildeLt-qsbT MKNAtildeT MNDN nW ycedilL _Atildeqamp Y-

YrdquolYacuteYacute yzH _Atildeqamp x+R mLS timesNS lyenStyenR yflgW Sl xyss XNcopy Sl mNfS QCcedilS SsectLccediln nWYacuteYacute

lMuacutel yentampatildeS xysS btqbrbT SFpermil mGdsectecircET yenRAtildeMAcirc hltfrac34lsquot$ yenRAtildeM XNd nbbdquo zGiumlxL (yentampatildeS

281) ngR GN kyenRoumlSAcirc klrdquoS zgAElig yMNyenrW XWnT bmrdquoBbdquo SFpermil hlt$ BOgrave XNAumlLnbbdquo nW (yentampatildeS 161iquest

lrdquoS 2410)YacuteYacute bx-rdquosectY mNfS QCcedilS btimesNS 11 sectY xLt-qsM yenlT xLnbrM wYM xmicrosectecircE HLWAcirc

ylWM yenlT xYdlMYacuteYacute 196 Arndt W Gingrich F W Danker F W amp Bauer W 1996 c1979 A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament

and Other Early Christian Literature A Translation and Adaption of the Fourth Revised and Augmented Edition of Walter

Bauers Griechisch-deutsches Worterbuch zu den Schrift en des Neuen Testaments und der ubrigen urchristlichen Literatur

University of Chicago Press Chicago 709 bGparaK secircSWfrac12 ldquoURrdquofrac14ldquozNDrdquo (GparaK ldquoPeacuteSrdquo ldquoπρὸςrdquo) ycedillW rdquoL

GNszlignTN yyenAtildeuacuteY mStecircDD ccedilntilde _QM sectY yecirclAEligcW bRmicronot MNAEligAEligT Atildel sccedilNfrac12 [lMuacutel bXNGlZfrac34W

mStecircDD to among from against about according to with regard to to the point of at the time

tBlOumlxLiquest YH ycedilccedilnWMfrac12 PeacuteS ycedillWN rdquoL ktuacuteb NtildeAtilde (objective case) WAgrave Atildel NtildeAtildeatildeC qDmWT sg

BOgrave mccedilnN GN LB YsectL]frac12 rdquol btuacuteb NtildeAtilde (objective case) sqdM GN khlT bsectY yccediln xmicrosectTN GNszlignT

XNdcedilAtildemlKT bzH mF m=rš sectY tAtildeYoslash yqrbWN xAEligpara 1 XNAumlhM ycedilktlTN yAumlS kAumlN GparaK

secircSW mUacuteFT YmlkaLmdash Daniel B Wallace Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics An Exegetical Syntax of the New

Testament (Grand Rapids Zondervan 1996) A T Robertson A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of

Historical Research (Nashville Broadman Press 1934) 883 A T Robertson Word Pictures in the New Testament

(Nashville Broadman Press 1932) 4-5 Murray J Harris Jesus as God The New Testament Use of Theos in Reference to

Jesus (Grand Rapids Baker 1992) ksectY yt-qsW GparaK-XNGlZfrac34 sectKskNN =Meacute XnzH yGparaK secircSW mUacuteFT

PeacuteS btuacuteb NtildeAtilde (objective case) sqdM GNszlignTN XNdcedilAtildemlKT bAcircNtildeAcircnT k-quacutecW yBlYAcirc yAumlS

kAumlN mUacuteFT WS_ timesNS 1divide1 bqAumlcedilnT t-Qicirc mgszligt$N LB YsectLYacuteYacute


103

wLD ypermils frdquoD XNAumllW hl xBM ypermils frdquoD xlW xysS xAEligt$Nfrac12 ldquoyXn frdquoD xYhN yxNt frdquoD YhNrdquo sL m[ldagger (lrdquoS 22divide42) xB

ypermils frdquoD XNAumllW hl wLDM ypermils frdquoD XNAumllW ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute YH dGauml xBAcirc wLD

ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWN ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute

I xysS XMQDm rsaquolM yXGzxBR LJ nbR ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo mrt XMnT mrT xysS ypermils yccediln yenNnT

uacuteYntilderWfrac12 yXGzxBR xB NGrt rdquoL ccedilntilde YntildeR XNd nbR XNAumlhM bzmn AumlS NGrt

rdquolN wd |UnT bmqyRfrac12 |U bccedilnW xmicroL WS_ tsup1Fntilde XNd mEgrave AtildeStMpermilL197YacuteYacute

yDRJt$ aeligC bq_not XNAumlH Ysectlmdash

ldquoxMsectK xNCcedil XGzxBR xB BOgrave nWYacuteYacute XRsM mNfS nW mNfS (xB) |UAcirc

_nT SlllW rdquolN |U byenDrG bLdeg bKRSegraveS xmicroL tgl-rdquo198YacuteYacute

ldquoxB Atildel rdquol rdquolM AtildelxB AtildeW xYccedilNMYacuteYacute SlzH lrdquoL xAEligTAcirc XAcircT yTWLDM

zmN ylTMYacuteYacute rdquoL |U lccedilN bmEgrave gz GNfrac12 b|UW wLD XNAumlccedilN yxB Wuacuten

bmccediln zsectlyenecircEnt$N XNdAtildez yXGzxBR LJ tBlOuml YntildepermilLrdquo199YacuteYacute ldquomldivideT kzsectlM

bxmicroLfrac12 bAEligRYfrac12 bSM bGBR xND XNcopy hlT wYM ƒST xLnbrMYacuteYacute bƒST

mNgD GN permilsN lZb gLUcircxLYacuteYacute bƒST mNgD ytgl[bTM MS-R bxBnT

b|U YN uacuteYnotYfrac12 bwLDnT b|U Xynotyfrac12 bmNfS QCcedilSnT XSTNIacutesN bZb

LB WS_ byenuacutedbdquo tgLotildexLrdquo200YacuteYacute ldquok_NT kzsectlM XGzxBR wYM mldivideT xBfrac12

wLDfrac12 mNfS QCcedilS bmAEligL bƒST xmicrosectT tkIacuteFlOuml xY-permilM nbRrdquo201

YacuteYacute ldquo[xysS]

ymldivideT xmicroL XNAumlccedilN ytzUj sW nWrdquo202

YacuteYacute

kzH bmq-L yXGzxBR LJ xysS KRSegraveSfrac12 XMQDm rsaquolM XNd nbr XNAumlhM kxB

ytly yenNnT AtildelW zsectlyenecircE xMsectK mccedilnN kcedilAtildeStMbdquo MNAEligAEligT maacuteL ytwsnTN KFlOumlC

bxuacuteuacute mLK XNmlknotcecirclNYacuteYacute

197 rsaquolM qucirc beacute yxysS KRSegraveS |U k^-xT bStqR ysW LiacuteC |UAcirc dM nW ycedilL xIgraveM sntilderWfrac12 qampS

tKl yenRAtildeM gsup2 GN kQRB rsaquomnotT wAumlH yenStyenR yjmbdquoTAcirc rsaquolM qucirc beacute stfrac34 xStyenpara nW bcedilL

yQSAcircAcirc ySBkT frdquoAumlcWN XNAumln_QAEligcW AtildedrgW TMHRT |UAcirc dNtilde kXfrac34 F[M ytly syenAtildeecircE |UAcirc dM

nW byenlnotcW nWYacuteYacute 198 tKl yenRAtildeM gsup2iquest xysSN yenN YlnotL 71 199 Zn kyenhiquest 60YacuteYacute 200 Zn kyenhiquest 8YacuteYacute 201 Zn kyenhiquest 10YacuteYacute 202 Zn kyenhiquest 12YacuteYacute bQNF AtildelWN xY=MRMYacuteYacute


104

timesNS 1divide1-18 yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT lrdquoWNT timesNS 1divide1-18 AtildelW KFLfrac12 ytimesNS wNgL ymGbAtilde

KFL XNd ccediln Ntildel SMMNT xlYacuteYacute YH KFL xysS KRSegraveS (1) zsectlyenecircE XNd ccedilnfrac12 (2) kxB

ytly yenNnT XNAumllWfrac12 (3) F[M xMsectK XNd ccediln bGL_ AtildeStMpermilLYacuteYacute

[1] bAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT xysS KRSegraveS ldquoXRsrdquo (GparaK ldquoxWegraveSrdquo ldquoαὐτοςrdquo) bcedilL tWsect- SM

m-permilt$frac12 ypermils yccediln yenNnT XNAumllW ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute xysS bQDm T|gT (|Uecircampfrac14TSBXT)

Ywt$ bXGzxBR WS_ ynbr uacuteB wYM NGrt rdquoL bccedilN ntildeeacutefrac12 timesNS 1divide1-14 AEliglT

yQDm T|gT Ywt$N bcedilAcircgbdquoT KFlOumlC WS_frac12 ldquoXRsrdquo (ldquoxWegraveSrdquo ldquoαὐτοςrdquo) bcedilL

tWsect- SM m-permilT xAtildeSfLgWM nbRYacuteYacute

yKRSegraveSN QDm T|gT YwT bcedilAtildeuacuteyW btimesNS 1divide1-14 AEliglW KFL ldquonbrrdquofrac12

ldquoccedilnrdquofrac12 ldquoxLnbrMrdquofrac12 ldquoxLccedilnMrdquo wzt ycedill rdquosectT secteth gzN ycedilAtildeuacutedagger sccedilNfrac12 bXnzH KFlOumlC

WS_ xysS ldquoXRsrdquo (ldquoxWegraveSrdquo ldquoαὐτοςrdquo) bcedillW tWsect- SM m-permilt$ ypermils yccediln yenNnT XNd

nbrW ycedilAtildemlKT nWmdash

ldquomjmparaAtilde rdquoL nbr [ἠν]frac12 rdquoLM bXGzxBR zND nbr [ἠν]frac12 rdquoLM XGzxBR

nbr [ἠν] frac12 YHM bmjmparaAtildeW bXGzxBR zND nbr [ἠν]YacuteYacute hl bXRs ccediln [αὐτου

ἐγένετο] kccedilnWM xNAumlC SNmicro Atildel XRs xLccedilnM [αὐτου ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν] bXRs YwT

nbrC [ἠν] YwTM ysW BRbrvbarN nbrC [ἠν]helliplsW hl ycedilAtildebpermilW XWntfrac34W BRbrvbarN

wd rsaquolM YmEgrave nbR [ἠν τὸ φως τὸ ἀληθινόν] brsaquolM nbr [ἠν] rsaquolNtildeM bXRs ccediln

[ἐγένετο ]iquest rsaquolNtildeM xsectwqWMrdquo (qcurren_R 1-49-10)YacuteYacute

ecircRAtildeW timesNS xysSN rdquoL BlOuml b-permilWMfrac12 xysS NGrt rdquoL wYM

bXGzxBR xXMeacute WS_ ynbr uacuteB bccedilN ntildeeacutefrac12 ldquoXRsrdquo (ldquoxWegraveSrdquo ldquoαὐτοςrdquo) kcedillW

tWsect- SM YLQfrac12 yGZ UcircnotN wYM rqEQ ngeacuteCN lyenuacuteyT yMN-qMbTN tWsect- SM

(ldquoxWegraverdquo ldquoαὐτοrdquo) Y-qM nbRYacuteYacute timesNS yxysSN QDm T|gT YwT bcedilgLbT SFpermil

xysSN ldquoXRsrdquo (ldquoxWegraveSrdquo ldquoαὐτοςrdquo) BlOuml m_permilt$ ldquordquoLrdquo bcedillW SAtilderaquo yt-permilW xysS xmicrosectecircE

HLWAcirc AtildelW mccedilnN ycedilAtildestMR nWYacuteYacute

[2] ldquordquoLM |U ccedilniquest [UNAcirc XWnTNM taumlLegrave bXfrac34 dr [ἐσκήνωσεν]rdquo ldquodrrdquo ycedillW rdquoLfrac12

bXGzxBR zND YntildeR ynbrW rdquoL bXfrac34 zND mntildeR mjmbdquoN ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute

ldquobXGzxBR zND nbr [ἠν]rdquo XNAumlhM ldquobXfrac34 zND dr [ἐσκήνωσεν]rdquo ycedillW NR


105

xysS bXfrac34 mmicrokL sAtildeDR ypermils yccediln HLWAcirc XNAumllW hlfrac12 bXGzxBR zND bnbrbTM

gz xmicrosectecircE LWAcirc XNAumllW ycedilyuacuteY nW203YacuteYacute

[3] XNd ldquoecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo xStMHeacute rdquoL ytAEliglW xysS ypermils yenNnT yllW yxB

NGrt rdquoL wYM bxB xXMeacute WS_ ynbr uacuteB bccedilN ntildeeacutefrac12 timesNS xysSNfrac12 ldquordquoLM

XGzxBR nbRrdquo (qcurren_R 1) wYM ldquoXSk sup2Ecirc DrS XGzxBRN AtildeyW yenNM ylMiquest ngR GN

bxB QF AtildelW xNDAtilde Ldeg yccedilnW xMsectK XRs gl-Wrdquo (qcurren_R 18) yenlT xAtildeSfLgWM

nbRYacuteYacute bXnzH SFpermilatildeC xB ldquoxMsectKrdquo (ldquotampatildeNrdquo ldquoθεὸςrdquo) XNd tAEligl hl wLDM ldquoxMsectKrdquo (ldquotampatildeNrdquo

ldquoθεὸςrdquo) mAEliglfrac12 xB xMsectK XNd ccedilnW hl xysS KRSegraveSM F[M xMsectK XNd ccediln

ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute xysS (rdquoL) xMsectK kccedilnfrac12 yXGzxBR NGrt rdquoL wYM bXGzxBR

XXMeacute WS_ nbr uacuteB nW yenlT StT nWYacuteYacute

bx-rdquosectY yXGzxBR ldquoxNDAtilde LJrdquo yccedilnW xysS rsaquolyenT kmf-permilcW bethT

xMsectK XNd ccedilnW hl (timesNS 11)frac12 TSBXT ccedilntilde xBN lmtNtN (ἐξηγήσατο) bmEgravebTM

gz xMsectK nW (timesNS 118)YacuteYacute bzH KFL xB xMsectK XNd ccedilnW hl xBN ytrkW wLDM

xMsectK mccediln XNAumlhM btimesNS wNgL mGbAtilde KFL bGL_ XNd tmlkTnW xysS

yXGzxBR xB LJ XNd ccediln hl (timesNS 11418) XRs permils xMsectK mccediln (timesNS 1118)

YHN yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN TMHRT nIacuteqamp AtildedRgecircLYacuteYacute

[4] yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT btUacuteucircbT yGparaK IgraveNIgravefrac12 ldquordquoLM kXGzxBR UR nbrrdquo

bcedillW rFt ngR WS_ ldquoURrdquofrac14 ldquozNDrdquo tBlOuml bxyenRregc$ QiacuteC sectY yttrgOumlmW yGparaK rdquoL

(ldquoPeacuteSrdquo ldquoπρὸςrdquo)frac12 bXNGlZregc$ ymF QCcedilS QiacuteC sectY ldquowithrdquo tBlOuml yttrgOumlm sccedilNfrac12

bGparak secircSW ldquoPeacuteSrdquo (ldquoπρὸςrdquo) ycedillW YH mStecircDD btuacuteb NtildeAtilde (objective case)

bcedilqdMbT gz bhlT xmicrosectT mmicrokL AtildelWN mStUBRfrac14GNszlignT ycedilAtildemlKT nW204YacuteYacute

203 ldquotimesNS 11-18 WAumlecircE TNtAcirc bcedillW RXS |Rfrac12 ldquordquoLM |U ccedilniquest [UNAcirc XWnTNM taumlLegrave bXfrac34 dr

[ἐσκήνωσεν]rdquo SlcedillW rdquoL yts-WN glUacute YmlkaLYacuteYacute

204 Arndt W Gingrich F W Danker F W amp Bauer W 1996 c1979 A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament




GNszlignTN byenAtildeuacuteY mLk _QM sectY yecirclAEligcW bRmicronot MNAEligAEligT Atildel sccedilNfrac12 [lMuacutel bXNGlZfrac34W mStecircDD to

among from against about according to with regard to to the point of at the time tBlOumlxLiquest YH

ycedilccedilnWMfrac12 PeacuteS ycedillWN rdquoL ktuacuteb NtildeAtilde (objective case) WAgrave Atildel NtildeAtildeatildeC qDmWT sg BOgrave mccedilnN

GN LB YsectL]frac12 rdquol btuacuteb NtildeAtilde (objective case) sqdM GN khlT bsectY yccediln xmicrosectTN GNszlignT XNdcedilAtildemlKT

bzH mF m=rš sectY tAtildeYoslash yqrbWN xAEligpara 1 XNAumlhM ycedilktlTN yAumlS kAumlN GparaK secircSW mUacuteFT

YmlkaLmdash Daniel B Wallace Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament (Grand

Rapids Zondervan 1996) A T Robertson A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research

(Nashville Broadman Press 1934) 883 A T Robertson Word Pictures in the New Testament (Nashville Broadman


106

[5] bt=yenparaM timesNSfrac12 xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildey yenNnT XNAumlsectcW AtildeuacuteyW xBN bcedilAtildeuacuteyW

bmjmparaAtildeW XGzxBR sectY ytwsn mStumlMR byenntildeR (τὸν θεόν) XNAumlhM xysS

KRSegraveSN bcedilAtildeuacuteyW bhltfrac34W rFt ngR sectY WSN mStumlMbdquoN byenGdF (θεὸς) nWYacuteYacute

timesNSfrac12 xBN bcedilAtildemlKtW tampatildeS sectY WSN mStumlMR XNAumlntilderW hl wLDN

bcedilAtildemlKtW tampatildeS sectY WSN mStumlMR bAtildentildeR ntildeeacutefrac12 xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL wdcedillW

DMAumlraquo AtildedRS nbR205YacuteYacute

[6] btimesNS 1divide1-18 AEliglW Wd MNAEligB rdquoL SltAEliglW Sl xysS yqrbW glUacutefrac12 xysSfrac12

yxB NGrt rdquoL wYM bxB xXMeacute WS_ ynbr rqEQ uacuteB XNAumlLnbrfrac12 ypermils yenNnT AtildelW

xMsectK mccedilnN bGL ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute

o ldquohl bXRs ccediln [πάντα διʼ αὐτου ἐγένετο]rdquo (qcurren_R 3) ycedillW rFt ngR xysS

F_rTN yf-r mœparaAtilde uacuteYccedilNfrac12 F_rTN ymF-R WKLAcirc XNAumllW ycedilyuacuteY

nW206 (YHN uacuteB qcurren_R 7 sectY timesNSfrac12 Sl xysS MSKR ccedilntilde lmoumlM mEgrave

kcedillW uacuteB UR AtildenUacutehellipL)YacuteYacute

o ldquoyXRs wd ccedilnW mEgraveiquest ygsup2 wgntildec$M xLtqblTM (qcurren_R 11) wgntildeC ycedillW

|UecircE TSSRN ycedilAtildemlKT rdquoL XNd ccediln lrdquoWNT ycedilSyenNtilde sccedilNfrac12 xNAumlND

Press 1932) 4-5 Murray J Harris Jesus as God The New Testament Use of Theos in Reference to Jesus (Grand Rapids

Baker 1992) ksectY yt-qsW GparaK-XNGlZfrac34 sectKskNN =Meacute XnzH yGparaK secircSW mUacuteFT PeacuteS btuacuteb NtildeAtilde

(objective case) sqdM GNszlignTN XNdcedilAtildemlKT bAcircNtildeAcircnT k-quacutecW yBlYAcirc yAumlS kAumlN mUacuteFT WS_

timesNS 1divide1 bqAumlcedilnT t-Qicirc mgszligt$N LB YsectLYacuteYacute Sl ldquoPeacuteSrdquo (ldquoπρὸςrdquo) seth yenBpermilparaAtilde kflg xAEligpara 1 YmlkaLYacuteYacute 205 notecircqE yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN mMHR yccedilnTN AacutevD k bRAcircRDN =Meacute xNAumlND ybt KRStEAtildent$

xStyenparaatildeC ƒStfrac34W rFt ngR mtRgOumlM AtildelbTfrac12 rdquoLM XGzxBR nbR tBlOuml uacuteYccedilNfrac12 XGzxBRM

rdquoL nbR tBlOuml nW ycedilL NtildeGT xsectcW [David K Bernard Oneness and Trinity AD 100-300 The Doctrine of God in

Ancient Christian Writings (Hazelwood Mo Word Aflame Press 1991) 79-80]YacuteYacute KFl bzH mLK mtRgOumlM xlbT

ycedillbT yngr mldivideT IacuteYAuml XGzxBRM rdquoL nbR tBlOuml kttrgOumlmfrac12 xysS xB nW ycedillWN yDRJt$N

mrt XMnT ycedilAtilde[AcircsectcW SlmssectcW XNAumlhM XGzxBRM rdquoL nbR tBlOuml kttrgOumlmfrac12 hltfrac34WN

rFt ngr bcedilUacuterR mLk xBAcirc wLD hlT xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWN AtildeSwGDLAcircL bcedilL ST qmR nWYacuteYacute YH GN

bhlT bY MKNAtildeT StT nWYacuteYacute YWMmdash (1) KFl XGzxBR rdquoL nbR tBlOuml btrgOumlMM XNmicro xysS

xMsectK mccedilnN XNcopy xB mccedilnN lAtildemlKT xYCLMYacuteYacute (2) KFl XGzxBR rdquoL nbR tBlOuml uacuteYccedilNfrac12 rdquoLM

XGzxBR nbR tBlOuml mtRgOumlM AtildelbT bY MKNAtildeT rdquoL AEliglbT NtildeAtilde (Subjective) XGzxBR ycedillW

rdquoL dGauml tuacuteb AEliglbT NtildeAtilde (Predicate Nominative) Slccediln nWYacuteYacute (3) XNd hltfrac34W rFt ngRfrac12 rdquoL

bXGzxBR zND knbr (ccedil lOumlmacrS poundN PeacuteS egraveN tampatildeN ὁ λόγος ἠν πρὸς τὸν θεόν) XRs permils rdquoL mccedilN

xYCLMYacuteYacute 206 bGparaK secircSWfrac12 AumlAtilde (διά) ycedillW yGparaK mStecircDD bzRF NtildeAtilde (genitive case) sqdM WKLAcircN AtildemlKnotL

(eacuteraquo 8divide3iquest 2 oumleacuteNegraveS 9divide13iquest 1timesNS 2divide12)YacuteYacute Arndt W Gingrich F W Danker F W amp Bauer W 1996 c1979 A

Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature A translation and adaption of the fourth

revised and augmented edition of Walter Bauers Griechisch-deutsches Worterbuch zu den Schrift en des Neuen Testaments und

der ubrigen urchristlichen Literatur University of Chicago Press Chicago 180


107

MhpermilN ldquowgntildec$rdquo ytAEliglT XSpermilxsectWAtildeN AcirccW slfrac12 xNAumlNigraveC dGauml ysW LiacuteCN

bx-rdquosectY ycedilAtildemlKT rdquoL nW AEligtimesC AcirccW207YacuteYacute AtildeM ccediln YH bzH WDfrac12

ldquoZMDAcircrdquo ycedillW rdquoL xmicrosectecircE TSSRN ycedilAtildemlKT kccediln xysS yxB NGrt rdquoL

wYM bxB xXMeacute WS_ Atildel uacuteB nW yenlT bF[M xYOgraveLMrdquo208YacuteYacute

o ldquokxAEligt$ zND ymEgraveWN yxNDAtilde LJN KBR xyNrdquo (qcurren_R 11) ldquoxNDAtilde LJrdquo ldquokxAEligt$

zNDrdquo ycedillT rdquosectT xysS yxB NGrt rdquoL wYM bxB xXMeacute WS_ Atildel uacuteB

nW kcedillW yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN TMHRT UR bn YEgraveruacuteLYacuteYacute

ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo mMHpermilN YHN Q xNqbLM ycedill kccediln xysS sW ccedilntilde

wdzHC MDR kmMEgravet$ bethT lMN ldquoXRsrdquo (ldquoxWegraveSrdquo ldquoαὐτοςrdquo) bcedillW ytAEligT tWsect- SM

m-permilT XNAumlSflgWfrac12 ldquoyendRrdquo ycedillW xBeacute mntildeRN yyenAtildeuacuteYbT MKNAtildet$ MN XNd ccedilnfrac12

rdquoL XGzxBR kccediln XNAacuteT NGrt rdquoL wYM bxXMeacute WS_ ycedilg uacuteB nW yenlT

XNd tOgravelfrac12 btimesNS 1divide1 XAcirc 1divide18 sectY wLD kxB UR btnUacute[r mLk xMsectK nW XNAacuteT

lAEligL XNd tOgravel XNAumlhM bzH WD WS_ xysS kxB ytly yenNnT XNAumllW ycedilgL[TN

NGGeacuteC DRJt$ bMN YnT mNgD XNdcedilAtildeAtildecW yenBpermilparaAtilde yenQrB YntildeRbnotLYacuteYacute

yen-rdquolAtilde QDm gAEligx nqEAtilde xbW maacuteLfrac12 qlraquoNotildeS zXSKNDRAtildeAcirc (195 rsaquoM) poundplusmnltS (205

rsaquoM) timesNS 1divide1N xSmLKegrave bs-T yenBpermilparaAtilde YHN KFL XNIgrave+mdash

ldquordquoL permils yXGzxBR LJ sccedilNfrac12 zsectlyenecircEAcirc AtildeLtf-r kxB UR AEligRY F[M

TKKL yccediln gnot nWrdquo209YacuteYacute

TLq$ ybt KRStEAtildeN xAEligT poundplusmnltSfrac12 bbt KRStEAtildeN notparaK bsAEligLtimesuacuteecircE xStMHeacuteW

bpermil_rdquo gOumlpermil ycedilfrjWN ysMEcircnsN ntildeYt$S btrdquowmbT |permilW sectY XNAumlH taeligxLmdash

ldquordquoL kXGzxBR UR knbrAcirc XRs permils XGzxBR knbr qEgravedagger ngR MN lccedilN

YCsectL SlhlT xyenLKT ycedilAcircgR nW yenlT YOgravesectLN Xn permils bRG_ Sl hlT

xyenLKT XytAcircgRh xYdlMiquest ngr GN Sl xNCcedil xMsectK XNAumlhM Sl hlt$ xmicrosectT

XNcopyXGzxBR xND nWiquest ngR GN hlT xmicrosectT xl YWM xBAcirc wLD

ƒStfrac34WM mNfS QCcedilS nWrdquo210YacuteYacute

207 Beasley-Murray G R 2002 Vol 36 Word Biblical Commentary John (Word Biblical Commentary Word

Incorporated Dallas) 208 xysS KRSegraveSN ldquotqblrdquo sAEligL (timesNS 1divide12) bxAumlnt$Acirc bgTnt$ Xmn yenlT XSk ccediln DrSfrac12 ldquotqblrdquo

ycedillW rdquoL xmicrosectecircE HLWAcircN yenmLkt$ XNtildeN nWYacuteYacute 209 Clement of Alexandria Fragments 3 ed Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson The Ante-Nicene Fathers vol

2 (New York Charles Scribners sons 1899) 210 Hippolytus Against Noetus 14 in Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson The Ante-Nicene Fathers vol 5 (New

York Charles Scribners sons 1899)


108

ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW brvbarYyenntildenotecircE DRJT xysSAcirc xB xND

xmicroL AcirccW lyenlT rdquol XGzxBRN bm_qS ycedilAtildeqRbW yenSrcopy TMHRt$N ycedilUacuterbdquo

XNcopy TMHRt$N ycedildGucirc ccedilnW xlmgszlignotcW ksectY bSIacuteT lyenyT XNd aumlkRnW hl

xSmicrohN AtildeqrBAcirccW yenSrcopyatildeC dGauml xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildey yenNnT XNAumlsectcW ycedilAtildeStMR

nWYacuteYacute

xysS F_rnotT kmf-permilcW bethT nbR xyss sW ccedilntilde wdzHC MDR kmMEgravet$ bethT XNAumlhM F_rnotT kmf-permilcW

bethT nbRYacuteYacute YHfrac12 xysS kxB ytly yenNnT XNAumllW ycedilAtildeStMR BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 bbt LM

kmwlCcedilM bethT ynbr mccedilnN ycedilAtildeStMR nWYacuteYacute YHfrac12 XGzxBR wLD kXGzxBR xB

UR lzsectlM rsaquolM xBeacute mntildebdquoN ycedilAtildemlKT nWYacuteYacute YHM xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT

mccedilAcirccWN AtildeuacuteAtildeLYacuteYacute

1 xysS yhl ngR fEgravepara nWYacuteYacute YH XWnT kccediln xysS F-rnotT kmf-permilcW

bethT nbR yenlT nWYacuteYacute

2 xysS kF_rT rsaquolM xSqDauml kxB UR ldquoxBeacuterdquo nbR (ldquoPeacuteSrdquo wYm ldquoshypermilrdquo

ycedillW yGparak rdquoL bxyenRfrac34 QiacuteC sectY ldquozNDrdquo tBlOuml nW yttrgOumlmW)iquest timesNS

1divide1iquest 17divide5iquest 1timesNS 2divide1YacuteYacute

3 xysS yXGzxBR LJfrac12 kXRs qDauml ktwldW km_mq$ timesNS bethT nbRfrac12

timesNS 1divide15 ktimesNS 1divide14-18 29-34 UR AtildewAumlDhellipLYacuteYacute

4 xysSfrac12 ksyenY ymEgravefrac12 kxB ytsectkfrac12 wd syenY ywEgravefrac12 wd xAEligt$ ytmls nWiquest

timesNS 3divide1331iquest 6divide333841465156-5862iquest 8divide2342iquest 13divide3iquest 16divide27-28iquest kecircRAtildeT |permil

1divide10-11 UR AtildewAumlDhellipLiquest XNAumlhM mNfS QCcedilS kmsectk UR AtildewAumlDhellipL timesNS

165-7iquest 1rsquo_eacuteS 1divide12YacuteYacute

5 xysS yXGzxBR LJ XNd mccediln m-N (timesNS 8divide54-56)frac12 kxBRbrvbarM bethT

XNd nbr tAcircGeacutexL timesNS 8divide58YacuteYacute

6 xysS F_rnotT kmf-permilcW bethT (kF_rT rsaquolM xSqDauml)frac12 XNd nbr

tAcircGeacutexL sup3sectSYS 1divide17iquest k1divide12-20 UR AtildewAumlDhellipLYacuteYacute

7 XSmicrohN AtildeLAcirccWfrac12 XGzxBR ngeacuteCN xSqDauml kyenwq$ UR ycedilrdquorn

xYdlMYacuteYacute XGzxBR ngeacuteC kmf-permilcW bethT AtildeWrdquocecircL yenlTfrac12 kmf-

permilcW bethT HLWAcirc nbpermilcW yenlT xYdlMYacuteYacute

h) F_rnotT kmf-permilcW bethT Xfrac34 hsectCN bXGzxBR xXMeacute WS_ nbRNiquest

ngR GN ytimesNS 1divide1iquest XNAumlhM 17divide5 KFlOumlC Sl KRSegraveS ycedilAtildeStMbdquoT

TMHRT XNdzAtilde xYdlMYacuteYacute


109

l) hl ngR bXRs ktf-rfrac12 XRs kF_rT bethT nbr yenlT nWYacuteYacute

8 xyss ldquosup2Ecirc wlDhHrdquo mAEliglfrac12 xysS LJ ytAEliglW F_rnotT btf-bdquobT qN nW

yenlT xYdlMiquest MKNAtildet$M YH KFL ycedilAcircgrW bTNœx qN SsectlW KBR nWAcirc

(ecircRAtildeT |permil 13divide33iquest BpermilWAtildeN 1divide3-5iquest 5divide5iquest kmZNtildeR 2divide7iquest UR AtildewAumlDhellipLiquest

XNAumlhM keacuteraquo 1divide4 UR)YacuteYacute

II xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccWN ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo

211 bmAEligL ycedilnotwqW brvbarYyenntildenotecircE DRJT xBfrac12

wLDAcirc mNfS QCcedilS xND xmicroL212 AcirccW Buuml XNAumlMN mrT ccedilnWfrac34L ycedilsectcWN

mF QCcediluacuteecircE MNAEligAEligT bq_not bm_qS XNAumlhM DRJt$ lXnzh mF QCcediluacuteecircE

KFlOumlC ycedils-WN yenBpermilparaAtilde kpermils kDRJt$ xNq[ brvbarYyenntildeT XNAumlhM notecircqE

211 xNAumlND GlsiumlC DRJnotCNfrac12 ldquoyxTtimesugraveAtilde ecircRAtildeecircET bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo bmAEligL ycedilnotwQ Slccedilnfrac12

ldquoaringNl copysSrdquo bcedilL SAtilderaquo m-permilt$ xGAEligB xYdlM ycedilL wquacute AtildesyenlYacuteYacute DRJt$ wNgsectWAtildeN xBAtildet

KRStEAtildeN zND bSIacuteT ycedilnotwqWfrac12 ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo bcedillW SNtilde uacuteYccedilNfrac12 xStMHeacutexecircE

xIgraveNtilde bccedilnWfrac12 ldquoaringNl copysSrdquo bcedillW SAtilderaquo nWYacuteYacute yzH mF qAumlyenY tdpermilSAtildeN y|sects xyenNAtildeN

Slccedilnfrac12 ytlmdWNAcirc btdpermilSAtilden zND bSIacuteT ycedilnotwqWN SM m-QNtilde TKKlfrac34 tGAEligiumlT Yf_permilL

BlN XAcircSAEliglNiquest SlzHM ldquoaringNl copysSrdquo XNAumlhM ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo ycedillWN SAtilderaquo XAtildelecircw_N

t-QmAcircLYacuteYacute 212 bWL AEligLnotwq MKNAtildeT bxTtimesugraveAtilde ycedilgszlig yDRJt$ mMHpermilNfrac12 ldquoxmicroLrdquo ycedillW rdquoL zwTR

mtRgOumlM AtildelbT bcedil=b_ bcedilnotY (qcurrenuacuteecircE bccediln) mLk nW ycedilL xIgraveM xsectcWYacuteYacute ngR GN

KRStEAtildentildeCM ccediln kKRSTAcirc WAgrave Atildel ybrvbarYyenntildeT KFlOumlC (lMuacutel xYhigraveCAcirc NtildeSlaumlC) ldquoxmicroLrdquo

ycedillWN rdquoL ycedil-qNtildeT bm=b_Acirc bmnotyT TRgcurrenNtilde xYdlMYacuteYacute bngr mldividet$ rsaquolM xmicroL

ycedillWN rdquoL yMNglgLbTfrac12 Xn BlOuml permilsN lcedil-permil blsect xnUgR SraquoTfrac12 frdquoDAcirc WqT AtildelWN

xmicroL XNcopyfrac12 qcurrenuacuteecircE xmicroLN bcedilAtildemlKT TRgcurrenNtilde xYdlMYacuteYacute MNM XNmicro bxTtimesugraveAtilde ycedilgszlig yDRJt$

mMHpermilN xmicroL ycedillW rdquoL hL gz m=b_NAcirc mnotyTN bcedilAtildeuacuteY mLk _QM sectY YecircL blM

XNmicrofrac12 yDRJt$ yWAgrave [ˆFT permiluacutecW bzH bxTtimesugraveAtildeWAtilden xnUgR b+permilgt xYSyenNtildeMYacuteYacute lMuacutel

yDRJt$ WQ yngr mldivideT mMHRAcirc bxhn wQT yrsaquolM qucirc beacute ybsectY -bqE yccedilnT AacutevD k

bRAcircRDfrac12 bmIacutecW YHN uacuteB bn YrdquowyenlYacuteYacute LB Ybl bxTtimesugraveAtilde ycedilgszlig mparaatildeCAcirc mMHpermilNfrac12

yDRJt$N ngr mldivideT ytyenbdquoT bXszligH sW XGR nWYacuteYacute notAumlAtilde LiacuteOgravecW kmMHpermilcW btly mLk

YHN xIgraveM lMN XNdcedilAtildepermilMCcedil b+permilgt xYnotwQMmdash David K Bernard The Oneness of God vol 1 (Word

Aflame Press Hazelwood MO 1983)mdash ldquoGod is an intelligent being with a will (Romans 118) He has an

intelligent mind (Romans 1133-34) That God has emotions is indicated from the fact that man is an emotional

being for God created man in His own image (Genesis 127) The essential emotional nature of God is love but he

has many emotions such as delight pity or compassion hatred of sin and zeal for righteousness (Psalm 1819 Psalm

10313 Proverbs 616 Exodus 205) He is slow to anger but He can be provoked to anger (Psalm 1038

Deuteronomy 425) God can be grieved (Genesis 66) and blessed (Psalm 1031) Of course His emotions

transcend our emotions but we can only describe Him by using terms that describe human emotions (For further

proof that God is an individual being with personality and rationality see the discussions in this chapter of Godrsquos

omniscience and His moral attributes)rdquo (page 31)


110

mMHpermilN F bq_not bmWsDfrac12 bRG_ XnzH MNAEligAEligT wdzH DMAumlraquo AtildedRuacutelN

ycedillWN gcurrenAumlY b_LqT YmrMpermilLYacuteYacute

yzH F qAumlyenY tLXdividefrac12 DRJt$ krdquol XGzxBR ycedil-QuacutecW MNAEligAEligT

xStMHeacuteWN b+permilgt AtildelmdgIacutecWN bgcurrenL yenuacuteyT BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 kDRJt$

xStMHeacute UR bGL YEgravesectl ycedilsectcWN mF QCcediluacuteecircE KFlOumlC bXyennT bm_qSfrac12

DRJt$ xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccW ycedillW TMHRt$ mrcopy xLAElig kmccedilnM AEligšgR

kQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT xStMHeacute UR ycedilU+ mccedilnN AtildeStnTAcircLYacuteYacute

bQDcedilAtilde DRJt$frac12 ldquoxBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccWrdquo byenlT xzWTeacute ycedil-

QuacutecWN ymF QCcedilS MNAEligAEligT bRG_ wdzAtilde DMAumlraquo AtildedRuacutelN ycedillWN b_aumlAcirc

XNmRMRYacuteYacute

ldquoxBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccW wYS hlT ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectTrdquo ycedillW RXs

gcurrenAumlYfrac12 sAEligLtimesuacuteWAtildeNN k|sectsWAtildeN mrt XMnT ygn-l XJG wuacute n_B nW213YacuteYacute

XNGAumlAtildeW YHN n_B QDcedilAtilde s_tN mnUgpermilCN xGAEligBnT YntilderecircLYacuteYacute

bRG_ yDRJt$ mMHpermilN bkcurrenpermilT XNdcedilgL[T kzH bnotC yMNmlknotcW

MNAEligAEligT xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL mccedilAcirccWN AtildeuacuteAtildelN

h xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccWN xuacuteYAtildeS 96

ldquoEacuteN twLigraveLAcircLAcirciquest wND LJ ts_egraveAcircLAcirciquest xlQnTM bAringNrdquoW sectY YccedilAcircLYacuteYacute SNtildeMfrac12 DNQ mmicroRfrac12 ÂtildeL xMsectK yzsectlM xAEligTfrac12 yssectM LL YAEligsectLrdquo

ל־ש ה ע ר ש מ י ה ה ת נו ו ן־ל ת ן נ נו ב ד־ל לד יל י־י ר־כ ד ש יע ור אב ב ל ג ץ א לא יוע ו פ מ א ש ר ק י ו ו מ כלום 214ש

213 lsectuacute z- rsaquomT yDRJt$ ybsectY -AEligqE ynbbdquoTAcirc wR^ ymicrotET 2000 rsaquoM sectY |LEgraveAcirccWN ylqq$T beumlP

tKl yenRAtildeM gsup2frac12 bTMHRnotcWM ccediln bIacutecW sectYfrac12 Xfrac34 ysAEligLtimesSN mrt XMnT yMNktL nN blMfrac12

AEligLnotwq MKNAtildeT xNAumlND yDRJt$ quacuteWST YHN uacuteB YrdquowyenlmdashqampS tKl bIacutecW YHN xsectlM bcedilL

(XAEligKatildeN ldquoxysSN yenN YlnotLrdquo ycedillWN yqampS tKl yenRAtildeMN mF g 4frac12 64frac12 73-74 XNAumlhM yzHN

mF yXNGlZfrac34 TRgcurrenMfrac12 ldquoThe Identity of Jesus Christrdquo g 73 YmlkaLYacuteYacute XNd qampS tKl hlfrac12 AacutevD k

bRAcircRD ytAEliglT yDRJt$ WQ mMHR ysAEligLtimesS xStMHeacute mrnotecircE bccediln drcopy kDRJt$ xStMHeacute UR xND

XNd ccediln gL[ecircL David K Bernard The Oneness of God 324 239-252)YacuteYacute ysAEligLtimesS xStMHeacutefrac12 ldquoaumlAumlLStEK

aumlAcircRkAtildenZMrdquo XAcirc ldquoAumlYAcirccedilK aumlAcircRkAtildenZMrdquo bcedilL bhlT bY wgN ycedilkfL bccedilNMfrac12 bbt KRStEAtildeN notparaK

bsAEligLtimesS mltimes bSIacuteT ycedilnotwqW TMHRT GN aumlAumlLStEK aumlAcircRkAtildenZM ycedilAEliglW nWYacuteYacute yaumlAumlLStEK

aumlAcircRkAtildenZM Yntfrac34 AEligRYWfrac12 ldquoxBM wLDM xysS KRSegraveS nWrdquo ycedillW TMHRt$ nWiquest lzHM nW yDRJt$

WQ mMHpermilN ysAEligLtimesSN xStMHeacute sAtildewDs ycedilnotyWYacuteYacute zmnregc$ yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN xAEligsectT ysAEligLtimesS

mNfuacuteecircE LiacuteC AcirccW AtildeLNbTM bY MKNAtildet$ YW nWYacuteYacute


111

YH yDRJt$ ecircAcirc xStAumlAumlpara yccedilnT beumlP dg kbdfrac12 yDRJt$ m|permilC yccedilnT

beumlP tKl yenRAtildeM gsup2frac12 yDRJt$ xNq[ brvbarYyenntildeT XNAumlhM ybrvbarYyenntildeT DRJt$

yW+ [ˆFTfrac12 xysS XGzxBR xB nW (xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccW) lcedillW

xStMHeacutexcW yenSdgethAtilde YccedilN zNDfrac12 xzWTrW ycedil-QsT twAumlJ KFL nW

(xuacuteYAtildeS 96)215YacuteYacute YHN KFL xSmLKegrave kDRJt$ XynottNtilde ycedilw- aeligCN

bXyennT XN_qSmdash

ldquobxuacuteYAtildeS 9divide6 EacuteN twLigraveLAcircLAcirc wND LJM ts_egraveAcircLAcirc xlQnTM

bAringNrdquoW sectY YccedilAcircLiquest SNtildeM DNQ mmicroR ÂtildeL xMsectK yzsectlM xAEligT yssectM

xlrdquo tBlOuml Y-permilLrsquo ytAEligllT Atilde xNCcedil ÂtildeL xMsectKAcirc yzsectlM xAEligTfrac12 b|U

mMEgravet$N AtildeSrAumlLYacuteYacute YH EacuteN ccedilntilde ytgl-W xBM wLDM nWYacuteYacute Ntildel

xmicroLAcirc Ntildel sWM nWxB sW ccediln yenlT uacuteYccedilN xB b|U tgl- yenlT

nWrdquo216YacuteYacute

ldquoxuacute 9divide6 nbdagger xuacuteYAtildeS XNd tnbyW Eacuten wLDM xBM ÂtildeL xMsectKM

bmccediln MKNAtildeT kgsup2 permils UR lAtildeSnotRqN Ntildel |LEgraveN xlWrdquo217YacuteYacute

ldquoxuacuteYAtildeS 9divide6 hlT mldivideTfrac12 hlT mNfS ylMAcirc mNfSAcirc |U xBAcirc

wLD bWdT xND xmicroL Slccedilnfrac12 xysS KRSegraveS bsWnt$ yXGzxBR

LJ nWiquest bmldivideTnt$ ysyenYAcirc yMDR fEgravepara XGzxBR xB nW BlN

XAcircMAcirclN xAEligt$ bWS- bWdT microlfrac12 lMN wd syenY Xytmlkt wd

xAEligt$ [ly ycedillN mLs bxuacute 53frac12 b2oumleacute 5divide18-21frac12 bxR 31divide31-34frac12 bxOslash

2divide1-20 ytUacutefWN smlkt$frac12 KRSegraveS bXfrac34 fNnot XNcopy lpermils nUacutenT

XNAumlLt=nqfrac12 yyenSnotrQ |permilN BOgrave XNd permil AtildemlKt$AcircLAcirc yXRsN

yMLcopy |permil kNt$ AEligAcircdRG mLmicroM nW XNsectlNrdquo218YacuteYacute

ldquoEacuteN ccedilntilde wYM LJ ccedilntilde ynotyW bGXz wLDfrac12 kXRs wd lsect xQEgraveAring

zwR uacuteYAEligL permils ÂtildeL xMsectKAcirc yzsectlM xAEligT bGXz xB nWYacuteYacute nbdagger

214 Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia With Werkgroep Informatica Vrije Universiteit Morphology Bible OT Hebrew Werkgroep

Informatica Vrije Universiteit Is 95 (Logos Bible Software 2006)

215 kdg kbdiquest b|U ytgl- xMsectKiquest (xAumlS xbAElig xTtimesugraveAtildeiquest ymicrotET 2004 rsaquoM) g 50YacuteYacute tKl yenRAtildeM gsup2iquest

xysSN yenN YlnotL (xAumlS xbAElig xTtimesugraveAtildeiquest xRtEStEK yentcedilAtilde bTiquest 1978) g 40-41YacuteYacute yxTtimesugraveAtilde ecircRAtildeecircET bt

KRStEAtildeN yXMnT xNqUcircC xNq 2iquest g 4YacuteYacute David K Bernard The Oneness of God (Hazelwood Mo Word Aflame

Press 1983) 66 216 tKl yenRAtildeM gsup2iquest xysSN yenN YlnotL 40YacuteYacute 217 Zn kyenhiquest 108YacuteYacute 218 yxTtimesugraveAtilde ecircRAtildeecircET bt KRStEAtildeN yXMnT xNqUcircC xNq 2iquest g 4YacuteYacute


112

xuacuteYAtildeS wLD xB tBlOuml Y-permil microl wLDN xB BlOuml m_permilTN fRegrave lsect

lsect yenlT MNŒ kyT YccedilNrdquo219

bRG_ YH MNAEligB xysS KRSegraveSfrac12 ldquoxBM wLDM nWrdquofrac12 ldquoxB sW ccediln yenlT

uacuteYccedilN xB b|U tgl- yenlT nWrdquofrac12 ldquomNfSAcirc |Ufrac12 xBAcirc wLD bWdT xNDrdquo

xmicroL ccedilnecircL YsectLN bWn xysS KRSegraveSAcirc xB xND xmicroL (Person) AcirccWN

yDRJt$ [ˆFAtildeN YHN KFL mdgethAtilde byenDrG wdzH DMAumlraquo XNAacuteT XNd

drs ygl[T bcedilktlW mLK nWmdash bzH MNAEligB ldquoxAEligTrdquo ycedillW yxyenRfrac34 rdquoLfrac12

bGXZ ldquoxBrdquo ycedilL xOgrave TRUgraveraquo xlWYacuteYacute XNd DRJt$ TMHRTfrac12 xysS ldquoxAEligTrdquo nW

yenlT xysS ldquoxBrdquo nW yenlT Slccedilnfrac12 YH KFLfrac12 xysS xAEligT XNd ccediln AtildeStMpermilL

ycedilL nWYacuteYacute

YH MNAEligB yDRJt$N mrt XMnT ycedildGF xNAumlCM TMHRT ylWMYacuteYacute

XNAumlAtildeWM KFlN bzH mLK yenBpermilpermilTfrac12 Glsiumlc$ lQCcediluacuteT mUacuteFT xStMHeacuteM

ccediln lBpermilYS_ IgraveNIgrave AEligYtecircR mccedilAcirccWN ycedilAtildeuacuteY YmSlfrac34LYacuteYacute bxpermiltfrac34W megrave KFl

zmN sAEligLtimesSfrac12 xysS xB nW lyenlT k-quacutecW KFlOumlC maacuteL YH xNCcedil mccedilnfrac12

YH MNAEligB byzmAcirct$ hl XNAacuteT btuacuteuacutet mLk strgOumlM XNd oumly ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute

XStE KFlN bskn LB bQRbT XNmRMrW220mdash

xNdfrac34iquest ldquobBlY kAumlNM ccediln bBpermilWAtildeNAcirc brb AEligHLfrac12 ldquoxAEligTrdquo (bBpermilYS-frac12

ldquoxBrdquo ldquoב bt[Wacirc (bm-paraAtilde) SMnT microglglfrac12 ySNtilde AEliglbT (bzH rdquoL ycedil-permilW (rdquoא

GlsB) kcedil-permilbT SM UR xND YnT AEligRY xlW yenlT nWrdquo221YacuteYacute

bRkT Atildel xSriacuteCN XNmLkTmdash ldquoxbrsaquoLiumlNrdquo ( בון ל י־ע (2uacuteNtildexL 2331) (אב

ycedillW EgraveMpermil SM ldquoxbrdquo ldquoב בון ldquo rdquolTM ldquoxAEligTrdquo XNAumlhM ldquorsaquoLiumlNyen rdquoא ל -ldquo lTyen rdquoע

Nmicropermilrdquo kcedillT rdquosectT ytecircqr nWYacuteYacute btgAcirc snbB (xAringFrN SAcircnbW)frac12 y_NmicroEcirc xAEligT

wYM XJG bEgraveM -Nmicropermil ycedilL TRgcurrenM YwKsectLYacuteYacute ldquoxbAtildeuacuteFrdquo ldquoף ס יא zixT) rdquoאב

624)222 yenlTfrac12 ldquoxbrdquo ldquoב ףldquo rdquoxAEligTrdquo XNAumlhM ldquoxuacuteFldquo rdquoא ס lT ldquosBuacutebrdquo xsup2RfNyen rdquoא

SAcircnbWfrac12 ldquobsBuacutebnT TLQ SM ytgOumlAcirc[frdquo yenlT nWYacuteYacute ldquoxbUxLrdquo ldquoל יגי 1zAcirc) rdquoאב

216) yenlTfrac12 ldquoxbrdquo ldquoב xAEligTrdquo XNAumlhM ldquoUxLrdquo yenlT ldquo-Nmicropermilrdquo btgAcirc SAcircnbWldquo rdquoא

ldquoy_NmicroEcirc xAEligTrdquo wYM ldquoXJG bEgraveM -NmicroR AtildeLgtrdquo yenlT nWmdashxbUxL ycedillW SM

219 kdg kbdiquest b|U ytgl- xMsectKiquest (xAumlS xbAElig xTtimesugraveAtildeiquest ymicrotET 2004 rsaquoM) g 50YacuteYacute 220 YH TNnotn bxBsup2frac34W ytwsdWfrac12 tSIacuteuuml eacutebliquest bYT mAcircFrdquoN (xAumlS xbAElig xTtimesugraveAtildeiquest xTtimesugraveAtilde rdquol YwT

bt KRStEAtildeNiquest 1993) g 144-145 sectY nWYacuteYacute 221 Albert Barnes Notes on the Old Testament Explanatory and Practical Isaiah Vol I (Grand Rapids MI Baker Book

House 1950 reprint) 193 222 bBlY kAumlN hlT ytlAtildedagger satildeC bzH SM t-RtecircLiquest YWM yqDauml yAcircAEligL cedilSTmdash 1uacuteNtilde 25divide3ndash42iquest

273iquest 30divide5iquest 2uacuteNtilde 2divide2iquest 3divide3iquest 1zAcirc 3divide1iquest XNAumlhM yNg| AumlecircET X~T 2uacuteNtilde 17divide25iquest 1zAcirc 2divide1617+YacuteYacute James Swanson

Dictionary of Biblical Languages With Semantic Domains Hebrew (Old Testament) electronic ed (Oak Harbor Logos

Research Systems Inc 1997)


113

ysT m-paraAtilde mccedilnN LB YsectLYacuteYacute xAEligT ngt yenlT uacuteYccedilNfrac12 kF AtildeLgt ngt yenlT BOgrave

nW (bxyenRfrac34 ldquosectqCrdquo kcedillW SM UR ycedilgOumlAuml YmSsectL)YacuteYacute

bx+bdquo ldquoxBrdquo wYM xAEligT (bBpermilYS-frac12 ldquoב ycedillW rdquoL xAEligTnTN (rdquoא

ycedilAtildeuacuteY uacuteYccedilNfrac12 kethTletht$ AtildelWN SM ycedilAtildedMQ QL nWiquest YWM ldquoy_NmicroEcirc

xAEligTrdquomdashbEgraveM -Nmicropermilfrac12 ldquoymsBsB xAEligTrdquomdashXJG bEgraveM notsectQ sBuacutebfrac12 ldquokF

yyenlT xAEligTrdquomdashXJG bEgraveM kF AtildelC wzt XNAumll223YacuteYacute

bzH KFL ldquoxAEligTrdquo (ldquoב ycedillW rdquoL xAEligTnTN xmsectmicroC nW ktAEliglfrac12 ldquo_NmicroEcirc (rdquoא

ycedilAEligLN sW ywld wsectJrdquofrac12 ldquomsBsBN ywld xAEligTrdquo wztrf ycedilL TRUgraveraquo lYZ

nW yenlT nWYacuteYacute YH mcampM yIgraveNIgrave AEliglbT lccediln ysW zR XNGAuml xmicroyumlD nWYacuteYacute xNAumlCM

TRgcurrenM lwKLM xYCLMiquest MKNAtildet$M msBsBfrac12 _NmicroEcircfrac12 kF yenlT wzt ycedillT

SAtilderaquoatildeC ycedilwlCcedil LiacuteCfrac12 wsectJ xAEligT ycedilfLg AtildeecircN xYdlMAcircYacuteYacute YH Ynt$ FcE

ST mccediln ycedilAtildeGAEligAEligN kccedilnfrac12 ldquoxBrdquo ycedillW rdquoL yenDmqEAtilde QL XNcopyfrac12 xAEligTnTN

ycedilAtildeuacuteY SM xYdlMYacuteYacute

bxuacuteYAtildeS 96 sectYfrac12 ldquoyzsectlM xAEligTrdquo tBlOuml yttrgOumlMW rdquoL bBpermilYS_

ldquoxbxDrdquo ldquoד יע rdquokhlT SaumlC ytAringfr SAtilderaquo nWYacuteYacute YWM ldquoxBrdquo XAcirc ldquoxD rdquoאב

ycedillW sccedilNfrac12 TRgcurrenNtildeM ldquoxAEligTrdquo XAcirc ldquozsectlMrdquo yenlT nWYacuteYacute YH dGauml ksectY

XNAumlyAcirccW ldquobxAEligTrdquo XNd tAringfbdquo SAtilderaquoatildeCfrac12 yKRSegraveSN zsectlyenecircEnT ycedilAtildeuacuteY XNcopy

(ldquoyzsectlM xAEligT mccedilnNrdquo BpermilWAtildeN 12iquest 113iquest permilXY 1divide7-8iquest 1divide17-18iquest 2divide8iquest 22divide13)frac12

ldquoxysS xB nWrdquo wYM ldquoxBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccWrdquo wYM dGauml xysS KRSegraveS

223 BlY kAumlN bzH mLK ytecircqbdquo XJG bRmicronot SaumlC xlYacuteYacute XnzH SaumlC dGauml ywND m-paraAtilde BOgrave uacuteYccediln ysT

XNAumlAtildeWM xNAumlNAacute GZ ngeacuteCNM lyenmLkT _QM sectY WlecircLYacuteYacute Ntildel mrcopyW Xnccedilmdash bzH iumlnot ytktLnW

yxyenRfrac34 mF QCcedilS TRgcurrenaumlCN uacuteYccedilNfrac12 yBpermilYS-N NbT nWYacuteYacute xbxLmdashל יא 1uacuteNtilde 9divide1iquest 14divide51+iquest 1zAcirc) אב

11divide32+)iquest xbxuacuteFmdashף ס יא יבmdashxbB iquest(+zi 6divide24) אב ב לmdashxbAEligL iquest(+zi 9divide31iquest zl 2divide14) א ע יב iquest(+2uacuteNtilde 23divide31) אב

xbAumlNmdashן יד עmdashxbAuml iquest(+z^curren 1divide11iquest 2divide22iquest 7divide6065iquest 10divide24) אב יד י הmdashxbAtildeH iquest(+zF 25divide4iquest 1zAcirc 1divide33) אב iquest1zAcirc 7divide8) אב

1uacuteNtilde 8divide2iquest 1ng 14divide1iquest 1zAcirc 24divide10iquest 1zAcirc 3divide10iquest 2 2divide2iquest 1zAcirc 29divide1)iquest xbAtildehmdashי הו יהואmdashxbh iquest(+2zAcirc 13divide20-21) אב אב

(zi 6divide23iquest zl 10divide1iquest z^curren 3divide2iquest 1zAcirc 5divide29)iquest xbhDmdashיהוד לmdashxb^YL iquest(+1zAcirc 8divide3) אב י יה 1zAcirc 2divide29+iquest 2zAcirc) אב

11divide18+)iquest xbtimesNmdashיון יונ הmdashxbaringAcirc iquest(zi 23divide6) אב יטובmdashxbt$B iquest(+MK 12divide5) אב לmdashxbnotL iquest(+zAcirc 8divide11) אב יט אב

(2uacuteNtilde 3divide4iquest 1zAcirc 3divide3+)iquest xbAtildeMmdashי ם לmdashxbyenL iquest(+1ng 14divide31iquest 15divide178) אב א ימ iquest(+zF 10divide28iquest 1zAcirc 1divide22) אב

xbraquolKmdashימלך בmdashxbAcircAumlB iquest(zF 20divide2iquest muacute 9divide1iquest 1zAcirc 18divide16iquest mZ 31divide1 RXS) אב ינ ד iquest1uacuteNtilde 7divide1iquest 2uacuteNtilde 6divide34) אב

1zAcirc 13divide7+iquest 1uacuteNtilde 16divide8 iquest 17divide13iquest 1zAcirc 2divide13+iquest 1uacuteNtilde 31divide2 1zAcirc 8divide33iquest 9divide39iquest 10divide2+)iquest xbntildexMmdashם ינע iquestmuacute 4divide612) אב

5divide1 12+)iquest xbnRmdashינ ר יעזרmdashxbxzR iquest(+muacute 14divide50) אב iquestxAtilde 17divide2iquest muacute 6divide34iquest 8divide2+iquest 6divide1124iquest 8divide32iquest 2uacuteNtilde 23divide27) אב

1zAcirc 11divide28iquest 27divide12+iquest 1zAcirc 7divide18+)iquest xbxZparamdashי ר י עז ירmdashxbR iquest(+muacute 6divide1124iquest 8divide32) אב ב zF 49divide24iquest mZ) א

132divide25iquest xuacute 1divide24iquest 49divide26iquest 60divide16+)iquest xbpermilMmdashם יר iquest(+z^curren 16divide1-7iquest 26divide9iquest zAuml 11divide6iquest mZ 106divide17+iquest 1ng 16divide34) אב

xbuacuteGmdashג יש ישוע mdashxbsx iquest(+1ng 1divide315iquest 2divide172122) אב ישורmdashxbsR iquest(+1zAcirc 8divide4+iquest 5divide30iquest Z 7divide5) אב 1zAcirc) אב

2divide2829+)iquest xbuacuteYmdashי יש לוםmdashxbslOumlM iquest(1uacuteNtilde 26divide6iquest 2uacuteNtilde 2divide18) אב יש לוםmdashxbAtildenotR iquest(+1ng 15divide210) אב יש אב

(1uacuteNtilde 22divide20)mdashJames Swanson Dictionary of Biblical Languages With Semantic Domains Hebrew (Old Testament)

electronic ed (Oak Harbor Logos Research Systems Inc 1997)


114

permilsfrac12 ldquoyxysS KRSegraveS xMsectKAcirc xAEligTrdquo (2oumleacuteNegraveS 13) nW ycedilL xNAumlCM uacuteB

ylWM224YacuteYacute

hltfrac34iquest ldquoxAEligTrdquo (bBpermilYS-frac12 ldquoxBrdquo ldquoב ycedillW rdquoL zsectlyenecircEnt$N (rdquoא

ycedilAtildeAumlMQfrac14ycedilqL uacuteYccedilNfrac12 xysS xAEligT mccedilnN ycedilAtildemlKT nW bAEligL XNmicro

(XNdzAtilde XNAumlLccediln btpermil qcurren_R xND sectY bSIacuteT lmaumlgT aumlKrAcircL)frac12 xysS

XGzxBR xB nW yenlT xYdlMYacuteYacute Xn xAEligT niquest ngR GN Xn ypermils xAEligT

xYdlhMYacuteYacute xysS ldquoxAEligTrdquo bccedilN XNmicrofrac12 kF-permilN UR AtildelWN GNszlignT xmsectmicroC

XNcopyfrac12 xysS permils ldquoxAEligtamprdquo ycedillW xB permils nW yenlT xYdlM225 (xAEligTfrac12 LJfrac12

XAcircTfrac12 wNDMfrac12 X~T wzt ycedillT rdquosectT GNszlignTN xmsectmicroC rdquosectT mccedilAcirccW

b+permilgt l-IacuteN xYgAEligM)YacuteYacute

ƒStfrac34iquest yDRJt$ mMHpermilN ksectY AtildeyAcirccWN IgraveNIgraveecircEAcirc WAumlecircE yenSrcopyatildeC

XAtildeqrBN SNaumlGnotcWfrac12 XWnnotWN bcedilktlW mLK XNd ecircsup2 xDbSBsW yenlF

YfLUlYacuteYacute YWMmdash KFl xysSAcirc xB xND xmicroL AcirccW AEligYL XNmicrofrac12 xysS xAEligT

XNd ccediln lgL YCsectL226YacuteYacute xysS xB wYM xAEligT ktAEligl dGaumlfrac12 ycedilktlW NtildeGT

SNtildeR NtildeGT SlcedilccedilN brvbarYyenntildenotCNN y[AcircLAcircL BlW AtildeSAEligliquest YWMmdash (1) xND

XGzxBR BOgrave microlfrac12 (2) YHM XGzxBR xAEligT kccedilnfrac12 (3) xysS XGzxBR

Slccediln xysS BOgrave xAEligT nWYacuteYacute

YH ytuacuteuacutet NtildeGT nWYacuteYacute MKNAtildet$M bXnzH yNtildeGT n_iumlC WS_ ldquoxAEligTrdquo XAcirc

ldquoxMsectKrdquo ycedillT rdquosectT xMsectmicroecircE AEligRYN (nature or essence) bcedilAtildemlKT XNcopyfrac12 xmicrosectecircE

LWAcircN (person) bcedilAtildemlKT mLk _QM sectY xLecirclMYacuteYacute bxND NtildeGT WS_

yMN-qMAEligcW rdquosectT ytlAtildey TRUgraveraquo ycedilwKl kccediln ldquoxšcedil TRUgraveraquo tIacuteLicircrdquo

(ldquobXNGlZfrac34W Fallacy of equivocationrdquo) SlcedilkTfrac12 NtildeGt$ ST NtildeGT bmccedilN Y-

AcircqrdquoLYacuteYacute ldquoxšcedil TRUgraveraquo tIacuteLicircrdquo MN XNd ccediln ycedilAtildeuacutedagger hlT xSriacuteCN XNmLkTmdash

(1) kXNSuacuteT ldquosect AtildelW xmicroL +permil YAEligsectLYacuteYacute (2) kxWeacutePsectN ldquosect AtildelW xmicroL yxWeacutePsectn

+permil nWYacuteYacute (3) SlzH kxWeacutePsectN ldquosect AtildelW xmicroL yXNSuacute xmicroL nWYacuteYacute bzH NtildeGT

WS_ ldquo+permilrdquo ycedillW rdquoLfrac12 hlT ytlAtildey TRgcurrenM wKlOuml nW _QM sectY yecirclWYacuteYacute lsect

xSrJ XN=MRmdash (1) qbeacute hl |U bL XNSuacute nWYacuteYacute (2) xysS Ng| yumleacuteDSN qbeacute

224 MAcircLAEligT xNAumlND satildeC ldquoxbxDrdquo (ldquoד יע ycedillW rdquoL XNdllOumlC yt[Wacirc (ym-paraAtilde SaumlC) ldquoxbxDrdquo tBlOuml (rdquoאב

lMN xLttrgOumlmM lMN ldquoÂtildeL xMsectKrdquo tBlOuml mtRgOumlM xSflgW ycedilL _Atildeqamp lAtilden YCsectlYacuteYacute ldquoxbrdquo wYM

ldquoxBrdquo bcedill SaumlC ytAringfbdquoT yt[Wacirc SaumlC AcirccWiquest YH GN lxMsectK m-paraAtildenT byenrG SMnT _QM sectY yecircl

nWiquest bzH hnnot WS_ ttRgcurrenauml mQrb xSfsectg yccedilnW bzH MKNAtildeT nWYacuteYacute btmuacuteuacuteY mNgD kzH SM UR

tmuacuteuacuteY TRUgraveraquo AtildelWNAcirc lxB m-paraAtildenT _QM sectY yecirclWN yyenrG SM kcedilktlT MNAEligAEligT YmlkaLmdash

xbRmdashיר ב YacuteYacute(+zF 49divide24iquest mZ 132divide25iquest xuacute 1divide24iquest 49divide26iquest 60divide16) א 225 Beisner 32 226 bF[M lgL xYCLMiquest KFl xysS xAEligT XNd ccediln ycedilAcircgR xYdlMYacuteYacute ngR GN xysS kMAcircSbWAcirc

kMNgMtW bsectY gzndashylyuml (zsectlyenecircE) XNd ccediln ycedilgL XNcopyYacuteYacute


115

BlOumlnotL (lrdquoS 13divide32)YacuteYacute (3) SlzH Ng| yumleacuteDS |U bL XNSuacute nWYacuteYacute bzHM NtildeGT

WS_ ldquoqbeacuterdquo ycedillW rdquoL hlT ytlAtildey TRgcurrenM wKlOuml nW _QM sectY yecirclWYacuteYacute

SlzH yXnzH NtildeGegraveC DMAumlraquo StT ccedilbullLYacuteYacute

yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN mMHpermilN bzH MNAEligB sectY ycedilAtildeqRbT NtildeGT ksectYfrac12

ldquoxšcedil TRUgraveraquo tIacuteLicircrdquo MN XNdcedilmSL bAcircNtildeAcircnT microqrBAcirccW MuacutelatildeC ytšl

xYdlMiquest bXnzH NtildeGegraveC ycedilnotyW tmuacuteuacuteY CGR nWfrac12 bXnzHM NtildeGegraveC WS_

ycedilStecirclWYacuteYacute YWM SlAEligRY (nature or essence) ycedilAcircgbdquoTN yenSrcopyatildeCfrac12 kxmicroL

(person) UR xsAcircSlOumlfrac14xqsectQlOuml xQRAEligLYacuteYacute tmuacuteuacuteY NtildeGT XNmLkT (1) micros bsectcW

xAEligT nWYacuteYacute (2) cRnT uacuteNtildexL xAEligT nWYacuteYacute (3) SlzH micros bsectcWfrac12 cRnT uacuteNtildexL

ycedilAEliglW GlsB nWYacuteYacute bqcurren_R 1 XAcirc 2 WS_ xAEligT ycedillW rdquoL AEligRYN bcedilAtildeuacuteY

mLK _QM sectY yecircl sccedilNfrac12 yNtildeGt$ DMAumlraquo bccedilnW bqcurren_R 3 sectY GN xAEligT

ycedillW rdquoL xmicroLN bcedilwKL mLK _QM sectY WsectLYacuteYacute Glsiumlc$ yxAEligTnT AEligRY

(nature) AtildesectcW mccedilnfrac12 xND GlsB (person) XNAumlccediln xAtildedRUcWMYacuteYacute YH Ynt$

NtildeGTfrac12 Rt$ NtildeGT xYdlMYacuteYacute

xpermiltfrac34iquest LB LAcircdRgW ycedilgAEligN lsectW n_Bfrac12 YH NtildeGT AEligRYNAcirc xmicroLN

Kucircfrac34 yen-Acircbbdquo (yenMnotnott$) BOgrave uacuteYccedilNfrac12 XGzxBR xB BOgrave xAEligT nWiquest Ldeg xAEligT

ktAEligl dGauml XRs permils oslasheacute mMEgravet$N ycedilAtildeuacuteY nW ycedillWN ST mQDm LAEligecircamp

notuacuteb Atildedrg NtildeGT nW227YacuteYacute ksectY lm-oumlM XNd aumlkRnWfrac12 ldquoxAEligTrdquo ycedillW rdquoL

GNszlignTN xmsectmicroC kmccedilnM AEligšgRfrac12 xB xAEligT XNd ccedilnW hlfrac12 wLD xAEligT mccedilN

ycedilklKlW xNAumlCM MKNAtildeT ylMYacuteYacute wsectJ xAEligtamp yXn xAEligT nWiquest Xn dGauml yLiacutecamp

xAEligT niquest wsectJ xAEligtamp yXn xAEligT mccedilnfrac12 Xn xAEligT XNAumlLccedilN ycedilklKl xYdlMYacuteYacute

xMStfrac34iquest xuacuteYAtildeS 9divide6 AtildelW KFL xysS permils xB mccedilnN wYM xBAcirc wLD

xND xmicroL mccedilAcirccWN ycedilAtildeStMR yBlY kAumlN KFL nWfrac12 BlOuml yUacutef xNAumlCM

yBlY kAumlN MhR ylMYacuteYacute XLqcurren muacuteFRT ylsectcW yTNbt xuacuteYAtildeS TRUgraveraquo

mUacuteFT bXcopyCN xlYacuteYacute XnzHM mUacuteFT bxYhD yBlY kAumlN lrdquoWNTfrac12

bKRStEAtildeN MhpermilN XNAumlhM lzBtfrac34 xIgraveM AEliglcW yngr mldivideT TMHRt zlQ

ytzUdeg mUacuteFT AcirccWYacuteYacute ngR GN sAEligLtimesuacuteecircE xStuacutesB microsectcW mMHpermilN bqRfrac12 YHN

KFL bzH mLK ytrgOumlm wYM KFl YH YnT xyenpermil+ xNDMnot xlW BlOuml

ytAcircgr xNAumlCM yBlY kAumlN xStyenpara ylMYacuteYacute bx-rdquosectY xuacuteYAtildeS 9divide6N bm_qSfrac12

xysS ldquoxBM wLDM nWrdquo wYM ldquoxBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccWrdquo yenlT StT

nWYacuteYacute

227 DRJt$ TMHRt |sectsN lmtcT kzH UR tmuacuteuacuteY yccediln yNtildeGT xmicroyumlD YktsectLYacuteYacute YH yNtildeGT xmicroyumlD

F[M StT nWYacuteYacute TMHRt |sectsN xSmLKegrave ycedilqRbTN tmuacuteuacuteY yNtildeGT xmicroyumligraveC StnotcWN lmrAumlT

yzH mF [êthfrac12 yTMHRt |sects mrnotWAtildeN mF QCcediluacuteecircEfrac12 notparamicroecircEAcirc MKNtimesxecircE TNnotn ycedillWN

mF YmlkaLYacuteYacute


116

timesNS 1030 ldquoXnAcirc xB xND nNrdquo ldquoἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμενrdquo

xysS XGzxBR xB nW (xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccW) lcedillW

ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeNrdquo xStMHeacute yenSdgethAtilde tBlOuml kcedilqRb yDRJt$ twAumlJ

KFlOumlC maacuteL xNCcedilfrac12 timesNS 1030 nW228YacuteYacute yDRJt$ WQ mMHpermilN KFlN

xSmLKtW ys-TN TMHRT XNmLkTmdash

ldquoxysS KRSegraveS btimes 10divide30 XnAcirc xB xND nN BlOuml byenwdegfrac12 xB wLD WS_

bWdT mntildebdquoN mGl- XNd ccediln XNrAumllNrdquo229YacuteYacute

ldquoXGzxBR xB ysectkLN LJ syenAtildeecircE Slccediln yAEligRYW Ldeg nWAcirc bxmicroL kxB

ytly xYdlMYacuteYacute wLD yxB mLK nWYacuteYacute XnAcirc xB xND nN BlOuml bDFrT

mAcircgR ycedilClW xBAcirc wLD bWdT bxND xmicroL WS_ Ssectl BOgrave nW times

10divide30rdquo230YacuteYacute

xSgpermilcedilW NR bƒStfrac34W megrave KFl zmN sectYfrac12 xysS permils XGzxBR

xB nW byenlT ktkpermilkbdquoT satildeC maacuteL ecircnfrac34W sW yenlTM sAEligLtimesS231frac12 xysSAcirc

xB xND xmicroL AcirccW lyenlT Y-QuacutecW knbbdquo _qET mF QCcediluacuteecircE MNAEligAEligT WS_

YHM xNCcedil KFL XNd nbR notparaK YgLUacuteLYacuteYacute sup2EcircM ysAEligLtimesS mNIacuteuacuteWAtildeN LiacuteCfrac12

YHNn _QS mLsW msectLsW Y-QuacutelYacuteYacute KFl kWAumlecircE TRgcurrenNtildeM ccediln ksecircSW

btIacutenot mLk tdUGauml m-qsfrac12 qAumlyenY xStMHeacuteW XNAumlwYB (XNAumldbZZ) wYM

kcedilAtildeStMrW TMHRT trdquopermilnWN TRgcurrenM XNAumlYZ xAtildedRgWMYacuteYacute ldquoXnAcirc xB xND

nNrdquo (timesNS 1030) yenlt$frac12 xB wLDN yendparaAtildeW yenDrgN wYM xBAcirc wLD bxmicroL

xND mccedilAcirccWN b+permilgt xAtildeuacuteYMYacuteYacute

xNdfrac34iquest xysS KRSegraveS Xn xB n lyenlT fLmacr bccedilN ntildeeacutefrac12 ldquoXn xB nrdquo

wYM ldquoxBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccWrdquo yenlT nbrbTYacuteYacute MKNAtildet$M YH mdbfrac34W

xnUgR XNAumlhM bsecircSW TKKlfrac34 yccedilnW xgAEligB nWAcircYacuteYacute bzH iumlnot sectY ytgl[W GNfrac12

ldquoXnAcirc xB xND nNrdquo ycedilL nWYacuteYacute

hltfrac34iquest ldquoXnAcirc xB xND nNrdquofrac12 ldquoxND nNrdquo tBlOuml wd xyenRfrac34 yttrgOumlmWfrac12

ldquoN xSraquoNrdquo (ldquoἕν ἐσμενrdquo) ycedillW yGparaK rdquoL sccedilNfrac12 yBz qcurren_R ycedilAtildemlKT

xNdfrac34 mdB nWYacuteYacute xysS xB bccedilN ntildeeacutefrac12 ldquoxSraquoNrdquo (ldquoἐσμενrdquo-ldquowe arerdquo) ycedillWN

228 tKl yenRAtildeM gsup2iquest xysSN yenN YlnotL 43 David K Bernard The Oneness of God 67 229 Zn kyenhiquest 43YacuteYacute 230 Zn kyenhiquest 68YacuteYacute 231


117

yGparaK rdquoL uacuteYccedilNfrac12 xNdfrac34 mdB n-sect qcurren_R yccedilnWN ldquoxmacrrdquo wYM ldquoxmacr poundcedilrdquo (ldquoἐγὼ

εἰμίrdquo-ldquoI amrdquo) ycedillWN yGparaK rdquoL Y-qM nbRYacuteYacute

ƒStfrac34iquest ldquoXnAcirc xB xND nNrdquo sLfrac12 ldquoxNDrdquo ycedillW rdquoL Gparak ldquopoundNrdquo (ldquoἕνrdquo)

sccedilNfrac12 YHM yGZ UcircnotN ycedilAtildemlKT nWYacuteYacute yxBNAcirc ywLDN yxmicroL xNDnT

lyenmLkT bflG ntildeeacutefrac12 mF QCcedilS lXGzxBRM ccediln lxysS KRSegraveS tAElignotY

(ywNAacute) Ucircnot XNdcedil-qM hlfrac12 bzHM iumlnot ytAElignotY Ucircnot ycedilAtildemlKtWN yGparaK

rdquoL (ldquoYSrdquo ldquoεἱςrdquo) Y-qM nbR (lMuacutel ycedilktlTN KFlOumlC YmlkaLmdashyenRoumlS

1229iquest 1-aumltampatildeS 25)YacuteYacute Sm _bdquo yGparaK IgraveNIgrave lQ xtE eacutebRTsN timesNS 1030

btmlktfrac12 ldquoxND (ldquopoundNrdquo ldquoἕνrdquo) ycedillW rdquoL ytAEligT UcircnotN uacuteYccedilN yGZ UcircnotN

ycedilAtildemlKT mccedilnfrac12 xmicroLN uacuteYccedilN xND AEligRYNfrac14tf_eacuteN ycedilAtildemlKT nWrdquo232

YsectlYacuteYacute SlzH bzH iumlnot ldquopoundNrdquo (ldquopoundNrdquo ldquoἕνrdquo) ycedillW yGparaK rdquoL xND YnT AEligRYN

XNcopyfrac12 xND xmicroLN ycedilAtildemlKT xYdlMYacuteYacute YWM xBAcirc wLD xND YnT AEligRY

XNAumlsectcW XNcopyfrac12 xBAcirc wLD bxmicroL xND XNd ccediln ycedilAtildeStMR xYdlMYacuteYacute

xpermiltfrac34iquest xysS bzh KFL xBNfrac12 ldquoxAEligtamprdquo (qcurren_R 32) XNAumlhM ldquoyXGzxBR

LJ nrdquo (qcurren_R 36) ycedillTN rdquosectT XytAcircgrfrac12 mLicirc permilsN ldquoxAEligTrdquo AtildedRUL yenlT

StT nWYacuteYacute

xMStfrac34iquest bKFl WS_ xysS ldquoxNDrdquo (Gparak ldquopoundNrdquo ldquoἕνrdquo) ycedillWN rdquoL yt-

qmW yxmicroL xNDnTN lyenuacuteyT nW ktAEliglfrac12 bzh mF WS_ xysSfrac12 ldquoXfrac34M

[xBAcirc wLD] xND XNd ccedilNN xND Yccediln zNDrdquo (timesNS 1030 k1721-23 UR

AtildenUacutebdquo) sLfrac12 ldq msup2NtildeRt$ y[lyW [lOumlTfrac12 dq msup2NtildeRt$ ysectyen wYM yLB

xNDnT XNAumlntildepermilcW uacuteYccedilNfrac12 bxmicroL xND XNAumlccediln nW yenlT nWiquest YH dGauml XNGAuml

xStuacutesB nWYacuteYacute

SDStfrac34iquest xysSfrac12 ldquoXnAcirc xB xND nNrdquo sLfrac12 ldquoxYhD lwGbdquoT DNUYrdquo

AtildenbT MKNAtildeT (qcurren_R 31) UcWfrac12 permilsN kXGzxBR UR AtildeStmicrokl

XGzxBRN muacutedb Slccedilnfrac12 bDNUY YwgR SlcedilL nW (zlecircWAtildeN 2416iquest yentampatildeS

2666iquest yenRoumlS 1464iquest timesNS 1931iquest ecircRAtildeT |permil 758)233YacuteYacute bx-rdquosectY yKFl

secircSWM ccediln WD bGL_ ycedilAtildeStMrN gcurrenAumlYfrac12 xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL mccedilAcirccWN

232 bdivideYn GparaK ldquoxNDrdquo ycedillW QL tAElignotY (yumlYS εἱς) xNSnotYAcirc (cedilAtilde μία) GZ UcircnotN (N ἕν) bcedilAtildemlKT

mLk ytdpermilj nWYacuteYacute Archibald T Robertson Word Pictures in the New Testament (Nashville Broadman Press 1933) 5186

XNAumlhM Murray J Harris Jesus as God the New Testament Usage of Theos in Reference to Jesus (Grand Rapids Baker

1992) 258 n 38 YmlkaLYacuteYacute 233 bBlY kAumlN bDNUY xSwGrW kcedilAtildeSgDl ^-xegraveC wYM wNjlOumlC maacuteL ycedilktlT YgszligbnotLmdash (1)


zi 31divide14iquest 35divide2)frac12 (4) _Nsup3sectN =Meacute ysTN TNbT yenAcircgR (zi 22divide18iquest zl 20divide27iquest zAuml 13divide5iquest 18divide20)frac12 (5)



zi 22divide19)frac12 (9) EgraveacircTN yenMlK (zl 20divide2iquest zAuml 13divide61015iquest 17divide2-7)YacuteYacute


118

uacuteYccedilNfrac12 xBAcirc wLD xND AEligRY (essence) XNAumlsectcW nWYacuteYacute SlzH ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt

KRStEAtildeNrdquo mMHpermilN YHN KFL bm_qS rdquol XGzxBR xBAcirc wLD xND

mccedilAcirccWN AtildeStMpermill yenlnotcW StT nWYacuteYacute

timesNS 543 ldquoXn bxAEligtamp SM m_camp xLtqbsectChMiquest lsectW bpermils SM bmEgrave GN TqblnotsectChrdquo

ldquoἐγὼ ἐλήλυθα ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ πατρός μου καὶ οὐ λαμβάνετέ μεmiddot ἐὰν ἄλλος ἔλθῃ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τῷ

ἰδίῳ ἐκεῖνον λήμψεσθεrdquo234

XNd ecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN mMHpermilNfrac12 ldquobxAEligtamp SM mEgravehrdquo yenlT yxysS

SM yxB SM mccedilnN wYM xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL mccedilAcirccWN ycedilAtildeStMR nW

btimesC AcirccW235YacuteYacute

ldquoKRSegraveS byenRAtildeM yeniN sW ccedilntilde ktwld bldquosect dGauml mldividenotecircE sW XNcopy

b|UW fEgravepara wYM mldivideT xlmccedilnN bXGzxBR bxMsectk SM XNAuml-permilAcirc

bmldividenotecircE GRyen XNAumlaumlsect mdrgN AtildeSgnZbAcircLYacuteYacute SlzH xysS ycedillW SM

y|UW XNd ccediln btimesNS wNgL 5divide43 lsquoXn bxAEligtamp SM m_campxlhrsquo tBlOuml

btUacutefW rdquoL trUGotildeLAcircLrdquo236YacuteYacute

xNdfrac34iquest bAumlS kAumlN TMHRTfrac12 ldquob__SMrdquo (ldquoἐγὼ ἐλήλυθα ἐν τῷ ὀνόματιrdquo) yenlT

ldquob__|LEgraveNrdquo yenlT nWYacuteYacute xysS bxAEligtamp SM m_Ogravelh yenlt$ bxAEligt$ |LEgraveN

mMEgravet$N ycedilAtildeuacuteY nWYacuteYacute ldquobxAEligtamp SMrdquo XAcirc ldquobpermils SMrdquo ycedillT rgOumlC bGL

ycedilAtildemlKt$Tfrac12 gnot ymEgraveW bpermils SM XNAumlLccediln nWYacuteYacute XNd gnot TMHRTfrac12 ldquobpermils

SMrdquo ycedilmEgraveWN sW mqbL aumlnT nWmdashypermilsN KBR YšLAcircYacuteYacute YH dGauml

ldquoyecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN mMHpermilNrdquo kcedilAtildeStMbdquoT TMHRT trdquopermiln bccediln mNgDfrac12

xysS ycedillW SM yxB SM XNAumlLccedilnAcirc xysSM xB XNAumlLccediln ycedilAtildemlKT nWYacuteYacute

xSdAcircqEW gcurrenAumlY GN xysS xB XNAumlLccediln bmrcopynT lqRB ycedilgAEligW KFLfrac12 xysS

xB nW lyenlT becircbnT mQrb nWYacuteYacute yxysS SM yxB SM nW lyenlT bDRJt$

mMHpermilN kzH KFL UR byenAumlqL ycedil-QsT _QS timesNS 7611-12 nWYacuteYacute YH

TNnotn wsectJ xAEligT SNtildeN lLdeg XNd s-W XNAumlhM xAEligTAcirc LJ xND xmicroL ccediln

XNd yenlT nWYacuteYacute 234 Kurt Aland Matthew Black Carlo M Martini et al The Greek New Testament Fourth Revised Edition (With Morphology)

Jn 543 (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft 1993 2006)

235 tKl yenRAtildeM gsup2iquest xysSN yenN YlnotL 51 David K Bernard The Oneness of God 67 236 tKl yenRAtildeM gsup2iquest xysSN yenN YlnotL 51YacuteYacute


119

hltfrac34iquest MNM XNmicro yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN mMHpermilN xNDN KFL kcedilgbT

WD xNUacuteR mtRgOumlM AEligYccedilNsectcWMfrac12 yKFlN WD bWL AtildeStecircl sWfrac12 xBAcirc

wLD ytlAtildedagger xmicrosectT mccedilAcirccWN bGL YgnzAEligLYacuteYacute lMuacutel timesNS 530-32

XNmLkTmdash

ldquoXn BOgraveuumlN kpermils MNM yenDrG xLCLMiquest yMfRdW yMsyenWN BOgrave nWiquest

ysectkN XNcopy ypermilsN frdquoD SlyenLšM FRAacute TKKL nWYacuteYacute lsquoXn Sl permils

BmsKRfrac12 MSKRntamp tqAEligYnT xYntilderWMYacuteYacute Sl Xn ycedilmsKR lsect xliquest XRs

Sl Xn ycedils-WM MSKRnT XWnT XNd ccediln WrdquolhrsquordquoYacuteYacute

xysSfrac12 ldquoSl Xn ycedilmsKR lsect xlrdquo ycedillW xnUgbdquo ldquoMSKR bhlT wYM

bƒST Y[AcircLrdquo ycedillWN yBlY kAumlN KFL notuacuteb Atildedrg nW (z^currenLqcurren 3530iquest

zAumlGM 176iquest 1915)YacuteYacute XRs permils xBM wLDM kccedilnfrac12 XRs permils Sl permils

mSKeacutexLAcircfrac12 XRs permils XNd tAcircgrWfrac12 MSKRnt$ XWnT lccedilN xYCLMYacuteYacute ngR GN

xBAcirc wLD ytlAtildedagger bmccedilAcirccW xNCcedil ycedilmskRlT lsectW dGauml ycedilmsKR ccedilntilde

qRAEligLYacuteYacute QN LbAcirc AtildelW yenNfrac34WM sW bzH Wd MNAEligB WS_ ycedilgszligT xnUgeacuteC

xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL mccedilAcirccWN AtildeuacuteAtildeL yenlT XNAacuteT YCsectL XAEligKatildeN yzHN

KFL Wd MNAEligB b_NtildeAcirc YmLkt$mdash

o ldquokpermils MNM yenDrG xLCLMrdquofrac12

o ldquoyMfRdW yMsyenWN BOgrave nWrdquofrac12

o ldquoysectkN XNcopy ypermilsN frdquoD SlyenLšrdquofrac12

o ldquoXn Sl permils BmsKR MSKRntamp tqAEligYnT xYntilderWMrdquofrac12

o ldquoSl Xn ycedilmsKR lsect xlrdquofrac12

o ldquoXRs Sl Xn ycedilms-WM MSKRnT XWnT XNd ccediln Wrdquolhrdquo

bKFl sectY yMAcircgszligW tAcircUpara ldquoXnrdquofrac12 ldquoXRsrdquofrac12 ldquoysectkrdquofrac12 ldquolsect xlrdquofrac12 ycedillTN rdquosectT

dUGauml XytAcircgrfrac12 XnzHN rdquosectT ycedilAcircgrW permilsN lyenmLkT nW yenlT XNAacuteT

YOgravesectL

ƒStfrac34iquest bAumlS kAumlN MNAEligAEligT ldquoSMrdquo (bGparaK ldquoaringntildeyenrdquo ldquoὄνομαrdquo) ycedillW rdquoL k156

gz bsectY _QM sectY yecircl sccedilNfrac12 bXnzH SFpermilatildeCM rdquol bxBsup2frac34W ldquob__|LEgraveNrdquo

ycedillWN TRgcurrenM ycedilwKL nWYacuteYacute lMuacutel ycedilktlWN KFL YmlkaLmdash

ldquoAumlecircETM FLS_xyenecircEWN XNAumlH xlWiquest xNt sYFfrac12 otildeRAcirc +Ecirc YzH

tMEgraveBfrac34lHiquest Xn GN xNt btgAumldRW yXSpermilxL spermilecircET xMsectK bccedilnWfrac12

hlN bcedilCL bXGzxBR SM XmEgraveBbrvbarlhrdquo (1uacuteNtildexL 1745)YacuteYacute

bzH KFL AumlecircET ldquobXGzxBR SM XmEgraveBbrvbarlhrdquo sLfrac12 ldquoSraquo XGzxBR ccedilntilde

wYM XnAcirc XGzxBR xND xmicroL ccedilnN XmEgraveBbrvbarlhrdquo yenlt$ uacuteYccedilNfrac12 btgAumldRW


120

bXGzxBR |LEgraveN XmEgraveBbrvbarlh yenlt$ nWYacuteYacute LK XNdzh hl xysS bxAEligtamp SM

mEgraveh sLfrac12 yecircRAtildeT bt KRStEAtildeN mMHpermilN XNdcedilAtildeStMbdquoT yxBAcirc ywLD SM

xND nW wYM xBAcirc wLD xND xmicroL AcirccW lyenlT tfLmacr uacuteYccedilNfrac12 bxAEligtamp |LEgraveN

wYM xAEligtampN wKuuml m_Ogravelh yenlt$ nWYacuteYacute QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFTN kWd MNAEligAEligcW

gN_lOuml mtRgOumlM F[M StT nWYacuteYacute

bxND WD WS_ xšcedil TRgcurrenM AtildelW rdquoL wYM uacuteB bg XNmicrofrac12 -Nrdquordquo

ymF QCcedilS mMHRfrac12 bRG_ YH uacuteB bzH WD WS_ MN TRgcurrenM wKlOuml nW

_QM sectY yecirclW yKFl Wd MNAEligB bGL ycedilAtildeStMrWS uacuteB MNDN nW

ycedillWN gz s_egrave lmrMR YgAEligecircLYacuteYacute QCcediluacuteT mUacuteFTN yenStyenR KBR XNd ccediln

hl TLQ ^sectethnTM AtildelbT GBR nWfrac12 ldquowNDaumlcamp ccedilYiquest kXAcircNt BzatildeC xStyenparaatildeC

xYhniquest MKNAtildet$M Xfrac34 xStyenparaatildeC yccedilNN yAEligs FRD XNdMNqbL notWrdquosectChrdquo

(AtildeoumlB 3divide1)YacuteYacute


2

copyCopyright 2015mdashDr Tesfaye Robele

RXSmdash yTMHRt |sects mrnotWAtildeN ngr mldividenotecircEAcirc QBt XMnnotecircE xNDMnot

xzUJAcirc Qpermilbmdash igraveKtR tSIacuteuuml eacutebl

YH xTtimesugraveAtilde wNgsectecircET bt KRStEAtildeN xTsectNnotfrac12 lxgLUtimesCecirc AEligzUjCW Wd _AcircT

sectY yqrb F nWYacuteYacute

kWd _Acirct$ notAumlcedil WAgravefrac12 Atildel [ˆethW frdquoD xAEligZegrave yenuacutetMM ccediln ytwsnN KFL btlAtildedagger mNgigraveC yenpermilAEligTfrac14yenAEligsup2T b_BQ ytklkl nWYacuteYacute mrcopy lmWsD ktflgfrac12

xmicroAumlyenecircE |RTN btktl mLkfrac12 b~AumlG mzKR sectY l-qS wYM yucirc xAEligpara sectY bGL lmsectkT YgAEligecircLYacuteYacute

Ldagger mGlAring microLqrb bStqRfrac12 ytktLnW ygOumlRgOumleacuteuacuteWAtildenN yzmN xsup3Egrave-R nWYacuteYacute

ecircRAtildeecircE xbWNfrac12 qdMT XNAumlhM d`RT ybt KRStEAtildeN xAEligegraveCN SM btmlktfrac12

bxyenRfrac34 ytUacuteucirc _NnotecircE aeligCN SAtilderaquo tkTAtildelhYacuteYacute

ymF QCcedilS _QicircC ytwsCcedilT yxTtimesugraveAtilde ymF QCcedilS yen~bR bxTtimesugraveAtildeN zmN xsup3Egrave-R b1954 rsaquoM microuacutetmW qAumlyenecircE ^Yl |sects TRgcurrenM XNAumlhM yxNtRAcircgtAcircL

ymF QCcedilS yen~bR b1993 rsaquoM microuacutetmW yxAumls mdbfrac34 TRgcurrenM nWYacuteYacute

_Atildeqampfrac12 xStAtildeyTM ccediln S microLatilde l[ˆethW bcedilktlW xDpermilš YUacuteucircmdash


LOGANVILLE GA 30052

TITLEmdashTHE TRINITY THEOLOGICAL AND APOLOGETICAL ANALYSIS 101

PUBLISHERmdashTHE ETHIOPIAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH IN ATLANTA

copyCOPYRIGHT 2015mdashDR TESFAYE ROBELE

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED STORED IN A RETRIEVAL SYSTEM OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS-ELECTRONIC

MECHANICAL PHOTOCOPYING OR OTHER WISE-WITHOUT THE PRIOR PERMISSION OF THE AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT OWNER

COMMENTS QUESTIONS AND CRITICISMS OF THIS HANDOUT ARE WELCOME PLEASE ADDRESS

ALL CORRESPONDENCE TO THE AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT OWNER AT THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS


LOGANVILLE GA 30052 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA


3









4































5













6
































7




nWYacuteYacute




























8


























9































10

























11

















በቅቶአል42












12


































13


























YCsectL












14



































15

























xYdlM











16
































17














20-21YacuteYacute



























18







xmsectmicroC nWN


































19





































20






































21









































22





































23














xLtmicrottM rdquo























24




































25




































26





































27




































28

































29
































30






















Atildeuacutedagger














31


























XNmLkTYacuteYacute







32





xsectcWYacuteYacute




























33





















nWYacuteYacute

















34


































35


































36































37



































38



























39













nWYacuteYacute























40

































41


































42


































43

































44







































45

























(qcurren_R 6)



(qcurren_R 12)



(qcurren_R 13)



gl-W

(qcurren_R 18)


46












(yenRoumlS 1227)



(timesNS 854)









(eacuteraquo 833)









(timesNS 32)



XNdcedilmlS Wouml


47

(timesNS 133)



(eacuteraquo 121)
































48

































49






yen~bR)



























50


































Society 1985)


51
































52







QCcedilS yen~bR)




ƒuacuteYtamp)


yen~bR)




















53






























54



































55






























QCcedilS yen~bR)





56




































57







nWYacuteYacute




























58



























mF QCcedilS yen~bR)




59






mF QCcedilS yen~bR)



























60




















lMuacutelmdash









61


TNtAcirc
































62
































1divide3h










His Place 151-52


63





























64




































65










Χριστου


KRsegraveS


Χριστου


xysS KRsegraveS


Χριστου


KRSegraveS



















66





























67

























8)149YacuteYacute









68



































69




xsectcWYacuteYacute

























xlWYacuteYacute






70




































71



































72


































73






















nW160YacuteYacute














74


nWYacuteYacute


































75



































76




































77







AcirccWYacuteYacute






























78



















YgLUacuteLmdash


















79






































80





StT nWYacuteYacute





















xuacuteYAtildeS

8divide12-13







xDRUCh


1rsquo_eacuteS

3divide13-15







xDRUCh


81








nW169YacuteYacute





















82








nWYacuteYacute




























83































84




































85




































86

















AumlNxL 4divide37


permilXY 17divide14



















87



































88









(1divide3)










(2divide10)











(3divide4)




(3divide6)







2003) 515-16


89




































90






















timesNS wNgL












timesNS wNgL










91














(43divide10)


ἐγώ εἰμι


























92












xlmdash






















93






























lMuacutelmdash





94


































95

































96










































97



































98


















ssectMnotatildeC
















99


















nWYacuteYacute















100






nbRYacuteYacute






xB wLDN LmicroL





















101




lsNtilde Ogravel































102





































103




















YacuteYacute









104





























105





































106





































107
































108





nWYacuteYacute




























109







































110










XNmRMRYacuteYacute






















111






bXyennT XN_qSmdash


























112



































113







































114


ylWM224YacuteYacute


































115































nWYacuteYacute






116






























117
















StT nWYacuteYacute






















118






























119




XNmLkTmdash





















YOgravesectL










120














3









4































5













6
































7




nWYacuteYacute




























8


























9































10

























11

















በቅቶአል42












12


































13


























YCsectL












14



































15

























xYdlM











16
































17














20-21YacuteYacute



























18







xmsectmicroC nWN


































19





































20






































21









































22





































23














xLtmicrottM rdquo























24




































25




































26





































27




































28

































29
































30






















Atildeuacutedagger














31


























XNmLkTYacuteYacute







32





xsectcWYacuteYacute




























33





















nWYacuteYacute

















34


































35


































36































37



































38



























39













nWYacuteYacute























40

































41


































42


































43

































44







































45

























(qcurren_R 6)



(qcurren_R 12)



(qcurren_R 13)



gl-W

(qcurren_R 18)


46












(yenRoumlS 1227)



(timesNS 854)









(eacuteraquo 833)









(timesNS 32)



XNdcedilmlS Wouml


47

(timesNS 133)



(eacuteraquo 121)
































48

































49






yen~bR)



























50


































Society 1985)


51
































52







QCcedilS yen~bR)




ƒuacuteYtamp)


yen~bR)




















53






























54



































55






























QCcedilS yen~bR)





56




































57







nWYacuteYacute




























58



























mF QCcedilS yen~bR)




59






mF QCcedilS yen~bR)



























60




















lMuacutelmdash









61


TNtAcirc
































62
































1divide3h










His Place 151-52


63





























64




































65










Χριστου


KRsegraveS


Χριστου


xysS KRsegraveS


Χριστου


KRSegraveS



















66





























67

























8)149YacuteYacute









68



































69




xsectcWYacuteYacute

























xlWYacuteYacute






70




































71



































72


































73






















nW160YacuteYacute














74


nWYacuteYacute


































75



































76




































77







AcirccWYacuteYacute






























78



















YgLUacuteLmdash


















79






































80





StT nWYacuteYacute





















xuacuteYAtildeS

8divide12-13







xDRUCh


1rsquo_eacuteS

3divide13-15







xDRUCh


81








nW169YacuteYacute





















82








nWYacuteYacute




























83































84




































85




































86

















AumlNxL 4divide37


permilXY 17divide14



















87



































88









(1divide3)










(2divide10)











(3divide4)




(3divide6)







2003) 515-16


89




































90






















timesNS wNgL












timesNS wNgL










91














(43divide10)


ἐγώ εἰμι


























92












xlmdash






















93






























lMuacutelmdash





94


































95

































96










































97



































98


















ssectMnotatildeC
















99


















nWYacuteYacute















100






nbRYacuteYacute






xB wLDN LmicroL





















101




lsNtilde Ogravel































102





































103




















YacuteYacute









104





























105





































106





































107
































108





nWYacuteYacute




























109







































110










XNmRMRYacuteYacute






















111






bXyennT XN_qSmdash


























112



































113







































114


ylWM224YacuteYacute


































115































nWYacuteYacute






116






























117
















StT nWYacuteYacute






















118






























119




XNmLkTmdash





















YOgravesectL










120














4































5













6
































7




nWYacuteYacute




























8


























9































10

























11

















በቅቶአል42












12


































13


























YCsectL












14



































15

























xYdlM











16
































17














20-21YacuteYacute



























18







xmsectmicroC nWN


































19





































20






































21









































22





































23














xLtmicrottM rdquo























24




































25




































26





































27




































28

































29
































30






















Atildeuacutedagger














31


























XNmLkTYacuteYacute







32





xsectcWYacuteYacute




























33





















nWYacuteYacute

















34


































35


































36































37



































38



























39













nWYacuteYacute























40

































41


































42


































43

































44







































45

























(qcurren_R 6)



(qcurren_R 12)



(qcurren_R 13)



gl-W

(qcurren_R 18)


46












(yenRoumlS 1227)



(timesNS 854)









(eacuteraquo 833)









(timesNS 32)



XNdcedilmlS Wouml


47

(timesNS 133)



(eacuteraquo 121)
































48

































49






yen~bR)



























50


































Society 1985)


51
































52







QCcedilS yen~bR)




ƒuacuteYtamp)


yen~bR)




















53






























54



































55






























QCcedilS yen~bR)





56




































57







nWYacuteYacute




























58



























mF QCcedilS yen~bR)




59






mF QCcedilS yen~bR)



























60




















lMuacutelmdash









61


TNtAcirc
































62
































1divide3h










His Place 151-52


63





























64




































65










Χριστου


KRsegraveS


Χριστου


xysS KRsegraveS


Χριστου


KRSegraveS



















66





























67

























8)149YacuteYacute









68



































69




xsectcWYacuteYacute

























xlWYacuteYacute






70




































71



































72


































73






















nW160YacuteYacute














74


nWYacuteYacute


































75



































76




































77







AcirccWYacuteYacute






























78



















YgLUacuteLmdash


















79






































80





StT nWYacuteYacute





















xuacuteYAtildeS

8divide12-13







xDRUCh


1rsquo_eacuteS

3divide13-15







xDRUCh


81








nW169YacuteYacute





















82








nWYacuteYacute




























83































84




































85




































86

















AumlNxL 4divide37


permilXY 17divide14



















87



































88









(1divide3)










(2divide10)











(3divide4)




(3divide6)







2003) 515-16


89




































90






















timesNS wNgL












timesNS wNgL










91














(43divide10)


ἐγώ εἰμι


























92












xlmdash






















93






























lMuacutelmdash





94


































95

































96










































97



































98


















ssectMnotatildeC
















99


















nWYacuteYacute















100






nbRYacuteYacute






xB wLDN LmicroL





















101




lsNtilde Ogravel































102





































103




















YacuteYacute









104





























105





































106





































107
































108





nWYacuteYacute




























109







































110










XNmRMRYacuteYacute






















111






bXyennT XN_qSmdash


























112



































113







































114


ylWM224YacuteYacute


































115































nWYacuteYacute






116






























117
















StT nWYacuteYacute






















118






























119




XNmLkTmdash





















YOgravesectL










120














5













6
































7




nWYacuteYacute




























8


























9































10

























11

















በቅቶአል42












12


































13


























YCsectL












14



































15

























xYdlM











16
































17














20-21YacuteYacute



























18







xmsectmicroC nWN


































19





































20






































21









































22





































23














xLtmicrottM rdquo























24




































25




































26





































27




































28

































29
































30






















Atildeuacutedagger














31


























XNmLkTYacuteYacute







32





xsectcWYacuteYacute




























33





















nWYacuteYacute

















34


































35


































36































37



































38



























39













nWYacuteYacute























40

































41


































42


































43

































44







































45

























(qcurren_R 6)



(qcurren_R 12)



(qcurren_R 13)



gl-W

(qcurren_R 18)


46












(yenRoumlS 1227)



(timesNS 854)









(eacuteraquo 833)









(timesNS 32)



XNdcedilmlS Wouml


47

(timesNS 133)



(eacuteraquo 121)
































48

































49






yen~bR)



























50


































Society 1985)


51
































52







QCcedilS yen~bR)




ƒuacuteYtamp)


yen~bR)




















53






























54



































55






























QCcedilS yen~bR)





56




































57







nWYacuteYacute




























58



























mF QCcedilS yen~bR)




59






mF QCcedilS yen~bR)



























60




















lMuacutelmdash









61


TNtAcirc
































62
































1divide3h










His Place 151-52


63





























64




































65










Χριστου


KRsegraveS


Χριστου


xysS KRsegraveS


Χριστου


KRSegraveS



















66





























67

























8)149YacuteYacute









68



































69




xsectcWYacuteYacute

























xlWYacuteYacute






70




































71



































72


































73






















nW160YacuteYacute














74


nWYacuteYacute


































75



































76




































77







AcirccWYacuteYacute






























78



















YgLUacuteLmdash


















79






































80





StT nWYacuteYacute





















xuacuteYAtildeS

8divide12-13







xDRUCh


1rsquo_eacuteS

3divide13-15







xDRUCh


81








nW169YacuteYacute





















82








nWYacuteYacute




























83































84




































85




































86

















AumlNxL 4divide37


permilXY 17divide14



















87



































88









(1divide3)










(2divide10)











(3divide4)




(3divide6)







2003) 515-16


89




































90






















timesNS wNgL












timesNS wNgL










91














(43divide10)


ἐγώ εἰμι


























92












xlmdash






















93






























lMuacutelmdash





94


































95

































96










































97



































98


















ssectMnotatildeC
















99


















nWYacuteYacute















100






nbRYacuteYacute






xB wLDN LmicroL





















101




lsNtilde Ogravel































102





































103




















YacuteYacute









104





























105





































106





































107
































108





nWYacuteYacute




























109







































110










XNmRMRYacuteYacute






















111






bXyennT XN_qSmdash


























112



































113







































114


ylWM224YacuteYacute


































115































nWYacuteYacute






116






























117
















StT nWYacuteYacute






















118






























119




XNmLkTmdash





















YOgravesectL










120













ytmhrt |§s@ for atlanta church.pdfytmhrt |§s@ m\r¬wÃn kìktr tsÍü ébl@ 4 Ækãn bz!h ylû! yh...

Documents