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P e w o p : K.M. Y w a ~ o ~ a

rI-524 Y ~ T B ~ ~ T E I ~ H ~ H narreo300~1oru~ Ha Ypa~le: C6. EraysHbIx ~ p y n o ~ . - E~arre- p ~ ~ 6 y p r : ~ ~ D - B o YpFUI. yH-Ta, 2003. -270 C.

ISBN 586037-1 24-1

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ISBN 1-86037- 124- 1

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BbIXOAa B CBeT o p ~ n i ~ a n b ~ o f i n y 6 n ~ ~ a u ~ k i (Kapasapo~cwii, 195 1). B ~ ~ H ~ I M MCTOqHMKOM M H @ O P M ~ ~ M M O M B a n M C b CBeAeHAR 0 Pa3P03HeHHbIX

H S O n K S , XpaHRUMXCR B KpaeBenYeCKMX My3eRX C B ~ ~ D J I O B C K ~ , H m ~ e r o T a m a M

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6 b m o 0 6 ~ a p y x e ~ ~ e B M e n s e x b e t i newepe H a C e ~ e p ~ o ~ Ypane OCT~TKOB cafini A

cremofi nmuyxa ( B e p e u a n i H , K p b m a , 1962; K p b m a , 1965). M a ~ e p u m ~ no MCTOPMM (t)ayHbI C ~ B ~ ~ H O ~ O Y p a J I a M M3MeH'iMBOCTM OCTeOMeTPMqeCKMX npM3Ha-

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CTaTbe M. E. K ~ ~ M M H o ~ ~ ( ( @ O P M M P O B ~ H M ~ T e p M ~ @ a y H b I C ~ B ~ ~ H O ~ O Ypma B no- 3me~ a m p o n o r e H e n ( K ~ ~ M M H ~ , 197 1).

l7ep~oe c n e u M a n b H o e MccnenoBaHMe McKonaeMbrx M ~ ~ K M X M n e K o n ~ m m m n x

M3 TOPHOG WCTM Y p ~ a IlORBWIOCb H a neC5lTbJIeT n03.4Hee. 3 0 0 J I 0 r M3 f l e H A H ~ & 4 a

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n e T npopa6o~ana 3OOnOrOM H a ~ Y P ~ ~ B C K O ~ ~ ~IPOTMBO~YMHO~~ CTaHUMM. MaTep~a- JIbI M H ~ ~ J I I O ~ ~ H M R , I l O J I y ~ e H H b I e TBM, nOCnyXMJIM 6 ~ 3 0 2 DJIR K ~ H ~ M A ~ T C K O ~ ~ aJ.lC-

cep~auaefi ((MCTOPNII @ a y ~ b ~ ~ P ~ I ~ Y H O B M n p ~ p o n ~ o r o o z I a r a Y Y M ~ I Cesepo3a- namoro I 7 p ~ ~ a c n l . 1 ~ B n 0 3 m e ~ a H T p o n o r e H e ) ) , p a 6 0 ~ d H a n K O T O P O ~ ~ n p M x o m a

yme B J I e ~ n ~ r p a ~ e , B 3 o o n o r ~ r e c ~ o ~ r,iHmMTyTe AH CCCP, B acnapae-rype y R. M. rpo~osa .

C 1965 no 2002 r. A. r. Mmeesa y.rwIa cryneH-roB ~ O O J I O ~ M M nmeo300nom~ B Y p a n b c ~ o ~ r o c y H m e p c M T e T e , npManeKarr ax K ~aywofi pa6o~e. B n e p s b l e r o n b r

pa60~b1 H a y p a n e OCHOBHO~~ np06ne~ofi 6 b m e noMcK M ~ s y q e ~ u e M e c r o H a x o w e -

~ M f i MCKOIlaeMbIX 0-TKOB lJlbI3YHOB. B 3TOM OTHOUleHMM C p e n ~ ~ f i y p i ~ n M npM-

ne?KaU@ieTeppMTOpMki 3 a y p a J I b ~ 6 6 1 1 ~ ~ COBePUIeHHO H e M3FeHb1, M A H H ~ r e 0 p I T i -

eBHe n p M W O C b CTaTb nPIOHepOM 3 K C n e ~ ~ M O H H O r O 06cneno~amn aJIJIIOBMWIb-

H ~ I X o~nomemi3 ypa-rrbcruur npmo~os Mp~bnua M 0 6 ~ . %a pa6o~a npommanacb BnOJIHe YCneLUHO Gnaronapn TeCHbIM KOHTaKTaM C lYOJI0TaMI.I-q€TBepTMWMKaMM

C B e p M o B c K a - B. A. ~ W ~ P O M M II03AHee B. B. CT~@~HOBCKMM. B 1987 r. A. r. Ma- neesa sarrrmma AOKTOPCKW mccep-raumo H a TeMy ((Men~kie u n e K o n m a w w e

(Insectivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Carnivora) B @ay~ax n o 3 m e r o a m p o n o r e H a

( ~ ~ ~ o @ ~ ~ H N C T M Y ~ C K M ~ M MMKP03BOnlOLIMOHHbIe aCI7eKTbl a H m M 3 a MCKOnaeMbIX

OCT~TKOB))). OH^ MMET 3BaHMe n p o @ K C o p a . O C O ~ ~ H H O BaXHO, IITO OHa BbIIlyCTM-

na ~ e c ~ o n b ~ o y s e 6 ~ o - ~ e ~ o m ~ e c ~ w noco6ufi no se-raepmwofi n a n e o s o o n o m r ? ,

KOTOPbIX TaK H e XBaTiLeT MHOrUM MOJIOBIM HCUIenOBaTexRM.

P a 6 o ~ b 1 A. r. Manee~oCi ~ ~ ~ B M B ~ I O T C R no T p e M HanpaBneHMzM - naneo@ay- HMCTMKa, MMKP03BOnIOUNR, ~ H O C T ~ ~ T H T ~ ~ @ H H . Ha OCHOBaHMM MaTepMa-!TOB no M3MeHZIMBOCTM $ 0 ~ ~ 6 1 ? K e B a ~ e n b ~ o f i nOBepXHOCTM 3 ~ 6 0 ~ ~eJI0fi CepMM BMnOB

~ I O ~ ~ B O K A. r. Manee~ofi B COaBTOPCTBe C B. H. E o J I ~ w ~ K o B ~ I M M M. A. Bacme~of i 6 b m a p a 3 p a 6 0 ~ a H a OpMIXHZUIbHZU4 KOHUenUW M O ~ O T M ~ W I ~ C K O ~ ~ M3MeHWBOCTM

@OPM~I 3 ~ 6 0 ~ ( ~ O J I ~ U I ~ K O B MAP., 1980), KOTOpZU4 nO3BOnReT KaK.DJM COBpeMeHHbLY,

TaK I? HCKOnaeMbIX B ~ I ~ O P O K OUeHMBaTb COOTHOUleHkie ((nOTeHUMZlJIbHO-OC-

HOBHbIX, OCHOBHbIX, nOTeHLMXIbHO-Pe3ePBHbIX7 npOrpeCCHBHO-pe3epBHbM, pe3ep RHbIX)) MOP@OTM~OB. 30 ee BaXHefiLLIee OTJIArMe OT npy IT iX nOAXOAOB, KOTOPbIe

Pa 'XMaTpMBaIoT MOP@OTMII~I KaK HeKMe 6 e 3 p a 3 n M r ~ b I e K 3BOJIlOUMOHHOMy np0- ueccy @ ~ H L I . B npennoxe~~ofi A. r. Manee~ofi npouenype Kansan s b 1 6 0 p ~ a om-

PA3RMTME ~ E T B E P T M ~ H O U n A n E 0 3 0 0 n O r M M HA YPAnE .- 33

CbIBXIaCb n0nHOfi M n M CO~paUeHHofi $o~M~JIoG KnaCCOB YaCTOT MOP@OTH~OB.

B~opofi ~ p y n ~ o f i pa3pa60mofi A. r. Manee~ofi (1 989) 6bma pa3BeTaneHHm A

cnomarr MeromKa p e ~ o ~ c r p y ~ u w i m a B a A ~ ~ B H H X @ a y ~enm MneKomm- W X H a OCHOBe ~~eOHTOJIOlXYeCKAX C ~ O P O B . npeDJI0XCeH ~~0r0CTyne~saTb1fi

npOU€CC p a 3 6 ~ e ~ t r ~ CnMCKa BWOB H a 3KOJIO~MYeCKMe, T ~ @ O H O M M Y ~ C K H ~ A pa3- MepHbIe rpyIInb1.

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T O A M Y ~ C K M ~ ~ YpOBeHb p a 6 o ~ KOnner B COOTBeTCTByWLUMX 06nac - r~~ M, K COXWe-

HUIO, H e 6 b m ~ Cpa3y sonpe60sa~b1, HO MHOrOe M3 TOrO, YTO HeCKOJIbKOAeCHTWIe-

TMfi Ha3aA BOCIIPMHMMalIOCb K a K HOBMHKB C AeRCHbIMM nepCneKTkiBaMM H a AC-

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naJIeKOM 6ynywe~ 6onbruarl YaCTb MeTOnHYeCKMX H ~ ~ ~ ~ O T O K A. r. Manee~ofi B

TOM m MHOM BwAe ~ a i 2 . n ~ CBOMX nocnenosa~enefi.

B UeHTpaX, me B 60-e r0AbI B03HMKnM R ' . I ~ ~ ~ K M It0 M3YqeHMIO Y ~ T B ~ ~ H Y H O ~ ~

naneo3oonoma (E~a~epmGypr, Y@a, G I ~ L B K ~ P ) , OHM n p o ~ o n x a m - c ~ e ~ ~ ~ o - 5aTb M Pa3BMBaTbCR B HaWe BpeMR. ~ORBMIOTCR POCI'KM 3~0fi OTpaCJIM3HaHMfl B

nep~I4 H TIOM~HM. . Ha YpaJIe, K a K M Bnp)TkiX saCT5lX POCCHM, p~aJllI3y'XCR MMpOBaR TeWeHIJWl

Pa3BATMH HaYYHbIX UeHTPOB H a 6a3e COBMeCTHbIX YHMBePCMTeTCKMX M aKaAeMJr-

qeCKMX MxCUI~~OB~HM~~. %O OCHOBHOe HanpaBJIeHMe Pa3BMTKH ILIIBepYHbIX AC-

U I ~ ~ O B ~ H M G M B E ~ a ~ e p ~ ~ 6 y p r e , M BY@, M B CbI~~blB~ape.

B E~a~epmGypre, B Y ~ ~ J I ~ c K o M rOCyHMBepCI.rreTe, H a K~(@AP 300nOmM np0- -PA. r. Maneeaa B o c n m a I I~~XMHHI~~-H. B. 17oromi~y O / I ~ a m y ) , KOTO-

pax B 1997 r. nocnc o6yqeam B a c n ~ p a ~ ~ y p e 3 a w ~ w r a KamaTcKymmccep- wlm H a TeMy c t l l o n e ~ ~ ~ (Rodentia, Arvicotinae) B @ a y ~ a x M ~ K M X UneKonMTam-

UIMX BepxHero nneoseHa A someficroue~a b o r o Ypana M 3aypanbx~. Cekac OHa YrzTaeT CTMeHTaM pRA Jlerulr?OHHbIX KYPCOB, B YMCJIe KOTOpbIX TepMOJlOrMR,

naneo3oono~ ~ O ~ B O H O Y H ~ I X ~ B O T H ~ I X MAP. lJaneo3oonor~~ec~oe Hanpame- Hlle p a 6 o ~ ~a@enpb1 300JIOTMM ypry B IIOUleAHMe rOAb1 pa3BMBaeTCR B T ~ C H O ~ ~

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XABOTHbD( YpO PAH. 30 CBR3aHO C IIPAXOAOM H a ~a@enpy B KarecrBe 3aBeny70-

UerO M npO@€CCopa ~a@enpb1 H. r. C M M ~ H O B ~ , K O T O P ~ I ~ ~ npOnOJIKaeT BO3maB-

JUUb M ~a3Ba~~~na60paTOpMW. Exerowo HeCKOnbKO W e H T O B ~ a @ ~ p b ~ Cne- w l a n ~ 3 a p p x B o 6 n a m r m ~ e p ~ r ~ o f i naneosoononlu, n p m m a a yracrMe B

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34 '1ETBEWMqHAS IlAJlE0300JlOTMII H A YPAJlE

B E ~ a ~ e p ~ ~ G y p r e , -- BbInYCKHMKM ~ M O ~ O T M ~ ~ C K O ~ O (PaKyIIbTeTa y p m (1 8 qen0- B ~ K ) . %a TeMaTMKa pa3BMBaeTcII B ABYX nOUpa3AeJIeHHIIX - n a 6 0 p a ~ o p ~ ~ ACTOPM- qecK0fi 3KOJlOITiM (sas.na6. H. r. CMMPHOB) M 300JIOrU'UZieCKOM M y 3 e (XB. My3fXM n . A. K o c m e ~ ) .

~aneo3oonormec~oe Hanpawreme pa6o-r noIIswrocb B MHCIMT~T~ no wmma- THEE B. H. ~ O I I ~ U I ~ K O B ~ (TOTA~ 3ZlMClMTWlR~~KTOpa M H C ~ T ~ E I H 32lB. na6opa~c~ pMefi 3KO,?Or?.NeCKHX OCHOB R3MeH'UZiMBOCTkl OPT~HA~MOB), ~o~opbl j i B 1973 r. npM1-wr Ha pa6o~y B C B O K , ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ T O ~ ~ Q O M J I W H M HayYHbIM COTpy~KOM H. r . CMMPHO- Ba, K O T O ~ ~ G ~ O 3TOl-0 3ilHMMmCR apXW300JIOIULIeCKMMM MCUIeLIOBaHPi8MW B Ypmb- CKOA apxeonomwc~ofi 3Kcnemum npM McropMreCKoM ( P a ~ y n b ~ e ~ e Ypanbc~oro rOCyHABepCMTeTa. B. H. ~ o J I ~ L L I ~ K o R 6bm pyKOBOAKRlIeM K ~ H L X U A ~ T C K O ~ ~ pa60~bl H. r. C M H ~ H O B ~ (1976) ((AHHBMMK~ T ~ P M O @ ~ Y H ~ I M M3MeHqABOCTb HeKOTOPbIX MsIeKonuTamm Cpemiero, K)XHOTO Ypana u 3aypanb11 B ronoueHe)), a no3miee TaKXe M KaWMAaTCKMX pa6o.r A. B. 6opona~a (1984) ((MCTOPMII (POPMMPOB~HMR TepMO@lyHb1 TYHAPbl M JIeCOTyHnpbI Ha nPMMepe Il03fl~e~afiH030fi~KM~ MeJIKMX MJIeKOIIMTaIOI4HX cesepa 3anan~ofi CM~MPM)) M n . A. KOCHHU~B~ (199 1) ((Kpyn- m e uneKonmaIouIMe Ypana B n o 3 m e ~ meficrouese M ronoueHe)). T.i y e K cneny- IoqeMy HaywoMy ctnoKoneHMIo)) naneosoonoro~ M3hX YpO PAH O T H O C ~ R

~ o J I ~ u I M H C T B O aBTOpOB HaCTOIIUerO C ~ O P H M K ~ : E . B . ~ M H o B ~ ~ B , T . B . c ~ p y ~ o ~ a , A. A. TmepAHa, T. B. maneesa, KoTopbre yme 3a-a KamaxKaemccepTa- UMM,a TaKXe A. E. H ~ K ~ ~ c o B , A. M. YIIMTKO, M. 6 . ~ o J I o B ~ ~ ~ B , A. B. BopoGbe~, T. B. no6a~osa,O. B. Ea~ypa, E. A. K p b m a , E. A. MapKoBa.

B Y@e, nponomax pa60Tb1 B. l l . Cyxoea, ~ K T M B H O ~ ~ a p ~ o f i A npenonasa- TeJIbcKofi AeSITeJIbHOCTbK, 3aHMMaeTCII A. r. RKOBJI~B. OH HaYm CBOM MCCneflOBa- HMII nneficroue~o~b~x rpb13y~0~ B 1982 r. noA ~ ~ K O B O A C T B O M B. A. RXMMOBM'I B

na60pa~opu~ W~BepTMsHofi reOJlOrMM A ~ ~ o M o ~ ( P o J I o ~ A M HHCTIITYT~ ROJlOrMM ~ ~ U I K M ~ C K O ~ O HapHor0 UeHTPa. C~epTb Bap~apb1 ~ ~ B O B H ~ I HaHeCna 6onburoii y p o ~ ~ c e 5 ~aruefi HayKe, a PJIR A. T. X ~ o ~ n e s a 6bma o c o 6 e ~ ~ o T I I X ~ J I O ~ ~ y-rpa~oii. EM)' IIpHLLUIOCb CMeHHTb C~elIuXIbHOCTb CO c~pa7urpaQm Ha 300nOITI0, M B 1996 r. OH 3 a w pa6o~y B WeHOM COBeTe M 3 h X YpO PAH Ha TeMy ((MeJIKkie meKO- nm-amuwie nneficroueea u ronoueea F a u r ~ ~ p c ~ o r o llpenypanbrr)). B Hacrorrqee BpeMII, IIOMMMO C O ~ C T B ~ H H ~ ~ X M C C ~ ~ A O B ~ H M ~ ~ , OH MHOrO BPMeHM YflWeT npen0- AaBaHMlO, npMBJIeKaII K HayLIHOfi pa6o~e M ClyfleHTOB.

R CblKTbIBKa~ WTBepTWHaII n~eO3OOJIOmII pa3BABaeTcII B MHCTKI~K R O -

nomM KOMM HJJ YpO PAH. T ~ M Ha cMeHy 6. M. rycn~uepy B ~asecrsesa~e~yro- ulefi na60pa~op~efi ~ r e m e p ~ m o f i reonom51 npMulna A. H. Ampernesa, Kmopafi HHXHCI4BHO 3aWLnaCb I ' I O ~ T O B K O ~ ~ MOJIOAbIX M~~en~Ba~ene f i no UMpOKOMy KpW

cneu~anb~ocrefi B o6nam smBepmboc ~ c c n e n o s a ~ ~ f i . Cpem Mononem wofi na6opa~opm OKZi3aJICn BbUlYCKHMK ~~~~~~~~~~0 ( P ~ K Y J I ~ T ~ T Z ~ CbIKTblBKZlpcKO- r0 YHMBepCMTeTa A. B. ~ O H O M ~ ~ ~ B . n0n PyKOBOflCTBOM A. H. h , q p e ~ r e ~ o f i M

PA3BPITME ~ E T B E P T M ~ H O ~ nAnE0300nOTMII HA YPAJIE 35

H. r. CMMPHOB~ OH 06y~mc11 B a c n l z p a H T y p e , npomen CT~XWPOBKY B na6opa~o- pHM H C T O P U ~ ~ C K O ~ ~ 3KOnOITiM M 3 h ' I K YpO PAH ki B 2001 r. 3 a m KZ3HJDUlaTC-

K p n u c c e p T a u A m ~a TeMy ccMne~on~~amwie n o 3 ~ ~ e r o nneficroqe~a M ronoue- H a Esponeiic~oro C ~ B ~ P O - B ~ ~ T o K ~ > ) . Eue 6 y w aCIIMpaHTOM, OH HaYaJr npeno- AaBaTb H a R O n O ~ e C K O M f$aKyJ Ib~e~ t? yHMBepCMTeTa n 2 l J I e O H T O n O ~ . r b C J t e 323-

l ~ I ~ C C ~ ~ U M M A. B. ~ O H O M ~ ~ ~ B IIpOAOJDKKll pa6o-q~ B MHcn/r ryre ROnOITiM,

me sasenym na60pa~op~efi n a n e o H T o n o r M M , c o e M e u a x H a y q H y r o pa6oq c npe- IIOAaBaHMeM.

K 80-M roam pamoyrnepomfi M e T o n n a m p o s a I m ~ q e ~ ~ e m b r x o T n o x e -

~ M f i nOJTyYwI MaCCOBOe P a C n p O ~ a H e H M e . 30 npOki30UJ IO HeTOnbKO B CBIl3A C

O ~ W M IIpOrpeCCOM B T ~ X H M ~ ~ C K O G O ~ J I ~ C T M , HO M 6naronap11 o p r a ~ ~ 3 a u ~ ~ pa- ~ 0 ~ e p 0 A H b 1 ~ na6opa~opufi B PRAe rOpOAOB nOMMM0 MOCKB~I H . J ~ ~ H M T ~ U ~ .

Ycnemo p a 6 0 ~ m ~ ~amena6opa~opm1 B H O B O C M ~ M ~ C K ~ , Y@e u n p y m roponax COB~TCKO~O COKKU.

B 1987 r. c n o M o r u b r o MOCKOBCKI~X K0Jr.neT ~3 p m o y r n e p O m I x na6opa~opufi I7.TH M M3M3X PAH 6 b m a co3naea u H a s m a p a 6 m ~ b panuoymepomm n a b p a T 0 p w I B M3hX Y f l PAH. %O 6bma 6 e ~ 3 0 n b ~ a R YCTZlHOBKa CO c r a H A a p T H o f i

X M M H Y ~ C K O ~ ~ YaCTbIO, HO C YHMKmbtIbIMM TeXHMYeCKMMM PW.IeHMRMM HeKOTOPbIX

3neKTPOHHbIX ~ ~ O K O B H ~ @ @ ~ K T A B H O ~ ~ CBAHUOBO-BOJT~$P~MOBO~~ ~ ~ U I M T O ~ ~ . Ee ~lleIJkif$MKa COcTORna B C ~ O C O ~ H O C T M p a 6 0 T b 1 C ManbIMM HaBeCKaMH MCXOAHbIX

o ~ ~ X W O B , HO o 6 u a ~ n p O M 3 B O ~ b H O C T b 6 b m a O T H O C ~ b H O ~e60mmofi. 06- c n y m a B a n l i pa6o~y YCT~HOBKM A B ~ COTPYAHMK~. ~ P M n o n o M K a x UIIH c e p b e 3 ~ b 1 x

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36 YETBEPTMYHAR n A J l E 0 3 0 0 n O ~ M R HA YPAJIE

neruep. O c r e o n o r ~ r e c ~ ~ e c60pb1 143 ~ T M X p a c K o n o K OH n e p e n a B a n B 3MH, M OHM

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0606rum~~1m pa6o~a M. E. K Y ~ ~ M I . M O ~ (1 975) ( ( H ~ K o T o ~ ~ I ~ A ~ H H ~ I ~ 0 MneKOm?Ta-

torum Cpemero Ypana B n o 3 m e ~ nne i iCToueae ) ) . E. n. 5 n u s ~ e s o ~ o~a3an 6 o n b -

I l I y m I l O M O U b Pi T. B. @a~ee~ofi , KOTOpaR B IlOCnenHMe r O n b I BeAeT PaCKOnKM B

neruepax B pafio~e K ~ s e n a M A n e ~ c a ~ ~ p o ~ c ~ a r n f l nonyZieHMR M a T e p M a n o B no MeruulM MneKOnMTZtIorqMM.

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eB, Epoxm, 1991). 2. n p o 6 ~ l e ~ a U ~ H ~ O T H O ~ ~ 3 O H N l b H O c n l B l l 0 3 A H e M BaJrAae

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A. K. Map~osa (l990), H. r. WHOB (1994). A. A. BWIPNK0 (1973 ) O ~ O C H O B ~ J I npeACTaBJIeHMe 0 lXnep30HanbHOM W O R -

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pax K)m~oro Ypma (CMMPHOB M np., 1990; Kosintsev, 1996). Ero ceBepHaR ipam- ua cosnanam c ~ X C H ~ I M K p a e M mn~wofi non30~b1, a m m a x ye^ yrowem. Haa6onee B e p o x r H o , ZITO o H a npoxonm H a Ypane no 52" c.m. ,QH xoro non3o- HaJIbHOrO BapHaHTZl mep6opefiaoro KOMIL!TeKCi Xapa ICEpHO p€!3KOenOMAHMpO-

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H3BeCTHbI B n p e n y p a ~ r b e , 3 a y p W I b e M 3anaAH0f i CA~HPH ( ~ ~ X R I M H , 1980; CEITbM

A. B. Fo~oLWH~ C COaBTOpaMM A E. A. K Y ~ ~ M M H O ~ ~ B HaCTORUeM C ~ O P H A K ~ ) .

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PA3BkiTAE YETBEPTM'IHO~ nAnE0300nOTWki FIA YPAnE 41

(n. A. KOCHHU~B, CTaTbX B HaCTORUIeM C ~ O ~ H A K ~ ) , HO KOppeKTHbIe OUeHKM ClXne-

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OT KOJ'IMYecTBa OCTaTKOB B B ~ I ~ O P K ~ A X a p a K T e p a AOMHHMPOBaHMX (CM. CTXI"I'K)

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42 YETBEPTMYHAII nAflE0300flOI'Md HA YPAJlE

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~ B a H r n , M ypanbcme naneo3oonom 6 b ~ H H a nepenosbu; nosuum.

44 LIETBEPTMYHAX llAJIE0300JIOTMII HA YPAJIE

Ha OCTeOJIO~qeCKHX MaTepHmaX HCCIIeAOBaJIHCb I'IpOCTpaHCTBeHHaR H Bpe-

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M ~ X ~ O ~ ~ ~ I U J ~ O H H O ~ ~ K3MeHWiBOCIM @ 0 p M b 1 3 ~ 6 0 ~ Y KOIIbITHbIX n e m O B pOAa

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W H a M M OTpe3KOB BPeMelur nOJIyWi.llMCb 6 o n b m ~ e llnM OYeHb 60nbme CKOpOClM.

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CTBOM mna 3y6~0fi C M C T ~ M ~ I , HO n p m m e x a T m y M P ~ ~ H ~ I M B m a M (Dicrostony,~ lOrqua tUS l4 D.groenlandicus). K HHM nPMMbIKaloT ewe ABe B b 1 6 0 p ~ k i - M3 6 0 n b -

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paiio~ax c m a m o i i npupomroii cpenofi ( 6 0 ~ 1 b m e 3 e ~ e n b c ~ a a Tyynpa M nomp Hbl%Ypan), TaK M B YCnOBWn; ee ~ T H O C K I W ' I ~ H O ~ ~ KOHCepBaTHBHocn? (FepHHIlM).

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5. Apxeo300~1oma O ~ n e J T b H o f i BeTBblo Y f l ~ e ~ M w o f i naneO300JlOrMM RBJlReTCR M3YqeHMe KOCT-

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HalTpMMep, )TIOMMHaBlUM~H ~ 6 0 p b 1 k13 PaCKOnOK C. H. & ~ ~ H K O B ~ H a P. K)PHT 3 a ~ b (Kapasapox~tG, 195 1).

YYaCTb MHOrUX K O M ~ K U M ~ ~ U3 PaCKOnOK I l0~eJ I eHMf i 3 n O w 6 ~ 0 ~ 3 b 1 HJIM PaH-

H e r 0 XeJIe3HOTO BeKa 6bma neWlJ IbHa - r 0 n a M M CTOHTb B B W e r O p HLIIMKOB B n0n- B a n a x M ncna~b onpenenea~fi. Aeno B TOM, YTO ~a ~ e c b I - ~ O M ~ A H ~ I ~ ~ C O B ~ T C K M ~ ~ Corn3 6 b m ~ . enMHHUb1 Cnel&ElJlMCTOB, KOTOPbIe $M~M' I~CKM H e YCneBNIR o6pa60- T a T b MHOrMe MI.LILIIMOHb1 K 0 c ~ e f i XMBOTHbIX, e X e r O A H 0 M3BJ'IeKaeMbIX M3 K Y J I b W

H ~ I X CnoeB r r p ~ p a c K o n K a x . P y ~ o ~ o ~ w ~ m b Y p a n b c ~ o f i apxeonomec~ofi s K c n e m -

UMA (YA3) B. 0. ~ ~ H M H ~ C 60nb I I IMM TPYAOM ((IIpUCTpaMBWI)) CaMbIe B a X H b I e

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fiese- B. M. E H ~ H K O B ~ ki H. r. k n a ~ , B H O B O C M ~ A ~ C K ~ B ~ 0 f i 0rpaUIl.r p a 6 m H. A. OBO~OB. y KaXAOrO A3 HMX 6bw CBOM HayYHbIe MTITPeCbI, I4 (rTBTIeKaTbCH H a

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B KOHUe 60-x M B 70-x r O n a X B C E ~ M O B C K ~ IIOn PyIcOBOnCTBOM B. 0. ~ ~ H M H E ~

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3TMKeTOK, n p O C T 0 POCCbInbIO, T a K KaK IlpOMCXOAHJIM M3 OAHOrO CJIOH OAHOrO nil- MRTHMKSI, n P Y r M e 6 b m ~ TWaTeJIbHO nOKYMeHTMpOBaHb1. C MX OnpeneJIeHMR, no n p r ? m a m e H M r n B. 0. re~ t i~ra , 11 npMrr rnocb HaYaTb pa6oly amopy xoro oqeprca, BbInYCKHMKY K ~ @ D P ~ I 300J lOMM. T ~ K B CBepDJI0ECKe B 197 1 r. IIOHBHJIaCb a p X e 0 -

3oonomsec~oe H a n p a w e H A e pa6o~, a B c K o p e n o r r s m M c b 1.1 n e p s b r e n y 6 n ~ ~ a u u u (CMHPHOB, 1975).

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naneonm. 3m n o H c I u r B. T. l k r p u ~ sen B c~060moe OT OCHOBHO~~ pa6onr spe- MII C ~ ) T I n o f i e~HOMbI I l I J I eHHMKOB - B IIPa3AHMKM M BbIXOHHbIe, 3 A ~ 0 f i A JETOM, B

Y U I O B ~ . Yaue~cero n a n e o m H e H a x o m , HO H a x o m a K ~ C T M nnefi- CTOUeHOBbIX KHBOTHbIX, KOTOpbIe c 0 6 ~ p m M AOKJ'MeHTPiPOBanM. M~orna pa3En- KM OKa3bIBmMCb YAa'IHbIMM, M no Pix pe3yJIbTaTaM I I p O B O ~ M COBMeCTHbIe PaC-

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48 YETBEPTMVHAX l l A f l E 0 3 0 0 J l O ~ M I I HA YPAnE

pm, CMMPHOB, 1976), a no3mee B Mmame~c~ofi M C e p m e s c ~ ~ x neuepax (I7e~- PHH, 1992). K p o ~ e IIerUepHbIX l7aMIITHMKOB, OHM MCCneAOBanH M A p y r H e , H IIpM

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mom pycc~ofi ~ o n o m w m i Ypana; p o n b ~ B O T H ~ I X B K Y J I ~ T ~ X A H C K Y ~ ~ I W A ~ ~ B -

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3HiWEiX, E M 60nbue B03HHKaeT BOIIPOCOB, H a KOTOPbIe npnCTOMT ~afim OTBeTbI.

MOXHO 6 b m 0 G ~ I ~ ~ K O H ~ M T ~ I I P A B ~ A ~ H H ~ I ~ ~ O%pK nepeqMCneHMeM BOnpOCOB,

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