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42" 15' 42" 15'
MARGINAL NOTES
Essex County is an area of extremely low relief, its topography being the result of the levelling action of Lake Whittlesey. the remnants of which surround Ihe area on three sides. Drainage is through small streams of man-made channels into Lake St, Clair and Lake Erie and through the Canard River system into the Detroit River to the west. The Detroit interlo bate moraine which runs from Leamington to Windsor is a small positive feature, which survived the erosion of Lake Whittiesey, and against which beach deposits of sand and gravel were deposited near Leaming ton. Chapman ana Putnam (1966), regard the bedrock high near Am herstburg as a manifestation of the Findlay Arch which runs northeast- southwest through Essex County. Typically, there is over 30 m ot glacial clay deposits overlying the bedrock (Vagners et al 1973a,b): natural outcrop is totally absent on the mainland Glacial cover is much less per vasive on Pelee Island where outcrop is quite extensive.
Because of the lack of natural outcrop, information concerning the be drock can only be obtained by inspection of records of oil and gas wells, and observations of quarry sections, Sanford (1969), presents a map of the bedrock of the area based on subsurface records. This is the main source of the 1:250 000 map of this report, However,,the criteria for dis tinguishing between various units in the subsurface cannot be consist ently extended to surface outcrops. Thus, the sections exposed in quar ries near Amherstburg and on Pelee Island cannot be used lo assist in placing contacts.
STRATIGRAPHY1
Bass Island Formation (Upper Silurian)The presence of this unit is detected only by subsurface records; it sub- crops in the area to the west of Colchester on the north shore of Lake Erie. The Bass Island Formation consists of grey and brown microsucro- sic dolostone with some oolitic zones. It is the lateral equivalent of the Bertie Formation of the Niagara Peninsula area (Telford and Hamblin 1980). The top of the Bertie Formation is marked by features distinctive of a period of shallowing and subaerial erosion (Kobluk et al. 1977). No evidence for this type of feature has been reported from Essex County, but the generally irregular and eroded nature of the disconformity in north-central North America (Summerson and Swann 1970), suggests that a similar relationship exists in the area.
Detroit River Group (Middle Devonian)The Bois Blanc Formation which lies stratigraphically between the Bass Island Formation and the Detroit River Group does not subcrop in the area, having been overlapped by the Detroit River Group. The Detroit River Group has been divided into several formations in the subsurface but they could not be distinguished in the two extensive quarry sections. The total thickness of the Detroit River Group is about 180 m (Sanford 1969).
Sylvania Sandstone (Middle Devonian)Resting disconformably on an erosional surface of the Bois Blanc Forma tion and Bass Island Formation, the Sylvania Sandstone is one of the several Lower to Middle Devonian sandy units characteristic of north- central North America. It varies in thickness from zero at the eastern dep ositional edge to over 30 m in the western part of the county. It consists of a pure white fine-grained quartz arenite of well rounded grains, af fected by pressure solution or quartz overgrowths, grading into a grey dolomitic quartz arenite. A cherty grey blue dolostone interval appears in the lower part of the unit near the Detroit River The sandstone is envi saged as a beach or shallow marine deposit of reworked wind-trans ported grains derived from the Cambro-Ordovician St. Peters Sandstone ot Wisconsin (Briggs 19b9). It represents the basal unit of the southward transgressing Detroit River sea and is therefore of the same age in the Essex area as the Amherstburg Formation to the north. Its upper contact is sharp but conformable near Windsor, but becomes gradational in the south and west (Reavely and Winder 1961).
Amherstburg Formation (Middle Devonian)This unit forms the bedrock of She southern part of Essex County and is exposed in the Amherst quarry, Amherstburg (LS275623). In the subsur face, the Amherstburg Formation consists of dark coloured finely crystal line limestones and dolostones, characterised by zones with bituminous and cherty natures. The section at Amherstburg itself apparently spans the Amherstburg/Lucas Formation boundary, but the exact location can not be identified. The base of the section exposes medium bedded lami nated bituminous dolostones, definitely of the Amherstburg Formation. The rest of the section consists of oolitic, bioclastic and coralgal lime stones and brown bituminous calcisiltites. Further work is required to re late the subsurface subdivisions of the Detroit River Group to surface outcrops. Sanford (1969), shows a thickness of about 49 m lor the unit. In the subsurface, the top of the Amherstburg Formation is defined as the base of the lowermost anhydrite bed in the Detroit River Group.
Lucas Formation (Middle Devonian)Overlying the Amherstburg Formation conformably, the Lucas Formation is characterized by a lighter colour and the presence of anhydrite in the subsurface. It is exposed in the McGregor quarry (LS340695), but anhy drite is not observed; the rock types here include bituminous dolostones, coralline bioclastic limestone, calcarenites and calcilutites which are brecciated locally. These calcilutites may represent the Anderdon Mem ber of the Lucas Formation identified in the subsurface as sublitho graphic high purity limestone, which is a subfacies of the Lucas Forma tion in the extreme southeast of the Michigan Basin.
The thickness of the Lucas Formation is given as about 76 m for the Windsor-Sarnia area by Sanford (1969), the 25 m section at McGregor presumably composing the upper third of this. The unit can be traced as far east as the Simcoe area (Telford and Hamblin 1980), where it is over lapped by the Dundee Formation, which disconformably overlies the De troit River Group.
Dundee Formation (Middle Devonian)Although this unit subcrops beneath the glacial cover over most of the northern part of the area, no exposures exist. Extensive exposures are available on Pelee island. The lower contact with the Detroit River Group, probably reoresents sf major disconformity (Sandford 1967). The Dun dee Formation generally consists of brown and tan microcrystalline cri noidal limestone with occasional sand grains, brown chert, and amber spore cases (Tasmanites). On Pelee Island, the section exposed in the one active quarry (LSB32306) shows 6 m of massive brown medium- to coarse-grained bituminous bioclastic limestone, with corals, brachiop- ods, bryozoa, and tribolites. The massive brown limestone extends at least 30 m below the exposed section, This gives a minimum thickness (36 m), of the Dundee Formation for Pelee Island which is oimilar to that quoted for the mainland {33 m, Sanford 1969).
Hamilton Group (Middle Devonian)The Hamilton Group is the youngest Paleozoic unit to subcrop in Essex County It underlies areas to the east of Windsor and at the extreme east ern edge of Essex County. The small number of well records show that the Hamilton Group is composed of grey shales and argillaceous lime stones. These are divided into several formations where more detailed subsurface and surface data are available, The contact with the underly ing Dundee Formation is not exposed, but Sanford (1967), states that the Bell Formation, close to the base of the Group, rests disconformably on underlying strata, Subsurface records in the Windsor area suggest a thickness of about 15 m.
ECONOMIC GEOLOGYSeveral small oil and gas fields underly the area. The Malden gas pool, in the extreme southwest of the County, produces gas from a dome struc ture in the Guelph Formation (Sanford and Brady 1955), over which suc ceeding strata are thinned. The Guelph Formation is also the producing horizon for the Staples pool in the Tilbury Township and the pool near Kingsville.
Large volumes of salt (sodium chloride), are extracted from the Upper Silurian Salina Formation at two sites near Windsor. The Canadian Salt Company produces salt from brine wells in the B-salt at Sandwich. The Canadian Rock Salt Company extracts salt for road de-icing from a mine in the F-salt at Ojibway.
Quarrying of the Detroit River Group carbonates is active near Amherst burg, due to the small amount of overburden in that area. Crushed stone for road base and other uses is extracted at Amherstburg by Amherst Quarries Limited. Raw material for the chemical plant of Allied Chemicals Limited at Amherstburg is quarried at McGregor,
'Only those units which outcrop or subcrop beneath glacial cover are described.
Oliver Project
A \ K E
REFERENCES
Briggs, L.T.1959: PMysiua' Stratigraphy of lower Midd'e Devonian rocks h the Michigan Ba
sin; Guidebook o* Michigan Basin, Geol. Soc., p.39-58
Chapman, L J. and Putnam, D.F.1966: The Physiography of southern Ontario. Ontario Research Foundation, To
ronto,Kobluk, D,R,, Pemberton, S,G., Karolyi. M. and Risk, VI.J1977: The Silurian-Devonian disconformity in southern Ontario; Bulletin of Cana
dian Petroleum Geology, p.1157-1186
Reavely, C.H and Winder. C.G.1961. The Sylvania Sandstone in southwestern Ontario; Canadian Mining and Me
tallurgy Bulletin, 64, p 109-112.Sandord, B.V.1967: Devonian of Ontario anc Michigan, in International Symposium on thaJDe-
voman Systenr Alta. Soc. Petroleum Geol, Calgary v.', p.973-999.
1969- Geology of the Toronto-Windsor area; Map 1263A, Geological Survey of Canada.
Sanford B.V. and Brady, W.B.1955: Paleozoic Geology of the Windsor-Sarnia Area, Ontario; Geological Survey
of Canada Memoir 278,
Summerson, C.H. and Swann, D.H,1970; Patterns of Devonian sand on the North American craton and their interpre
tation; Geological Society of America Bulletin, 81, p 469-490.
Telford, P.G. and Hamblin A.P.1980: Paleo7oic Geology of the Simcoe Area, Southern Ontario; Ontario Geologi
cal Survey Preliminary Map P.2234, Geological Series, scale 1:50 000. Geol ogy 1975,1976,
Vagners, U.J., Sado, E.V. and Yundt, S,E,1973a: Drift Thickness of the Windsor-Essex Area (Western Part), Southern Ontar
io; Ontario Division of Mines Preliminary Map P.814, Drift Thickness Series, scale 1:50000. Geology 1970 1971, 1972.
1 973b. Drift Thickness of the Windsor-Essex Area (Eastern Part). Southern Ontar io: Ontario Division ot Mines Preliminary Map P.S15. Drift Thickness Series, scale 1:50000. Geology 1970 1971, 1972.
420 30'00"
420 00'
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AST DETROf
Grbsse Poicrte Wdods fer
LAKE
ST CLAIRGrosse ointe Farms
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reen blond"3 / \-i C
SYMBOLS
Bed rock outcrop
Quarry
Geological boundary
Geological boundary, approx imate
Geological boundary, inter preted
Eastern edge of Sylvania For mation in subsurface
Approximate eastern edge of Sylvania Formation in subsur face
41 D 51'
Scale 1:50000
O l Mile
l Kilometre
41 030'00 41 0 30'00'
Ministry ofNaturalResources
Hon. Alan W. PopeMinister
W T Foster Deputy Minister
Ontario
ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
PRELIMINARY MAP P.2396GEOLOGICAL SERIES
PALEOZOIC GEOLOGY OF THE
WINDSOR-ESSEX AND PELEE ISLAND AREA
SOUTHERN ONTARIO
NTS Reference: 40 G/10.15:40 J/1,2,3.7,8 ODM-GSC Aeromagnetic Maps: 4579G-4583G
OMNR-OGS1981
Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given and the material is property referenced,
This map is published with the permission of E.G. Pye, Director, Ontario Geological Survey.
LEGEND
PALEOZOIC DEVONIAN
'Hamilton Group 1 grey shale and argillaceous lime- slone
Dundee Furmalion: bruwn cherty crinoidal limestonein subsurface; massive brown bituminous bioclastic limestone on Pelee Island.
DETROIT RIVER GROUP
Lucas Formation 1 grey brown calcilutite; massive cor alline bioclastic limestone; light brown stromatotitic calcarenite; anhydrite in subsurface.
Amherstburg Formation: brown laminated, massive and vuggy dolostone; oolitic and bioclastic dolostone; coralgal limestone: cherty locally.
'Sylvania Formation: white and grey pure and dolomi tic quartz arenite, with cherty dolostone interbedded inwestern part.
DISCQNFQRMITY
2Bois Blanc Formation
20riskany Formation
DISCQNFORMiTY
'Bass Island Formation-fan and cream oolitic micro- sucrosic dolostone.
2Salina Formation
2Guelph Formation
2 Lockport-Amabel Formation
CLINTON GROUP
2 Rochester Formation 2 Reynales Formation
CATARACT GROUP
2Cabot Head Formation ^Manitoulin Formation
DISCONFORMITY
ORDOVICIAN
2Queenston Formation
^Georgian Bay Formation
^Whitby Formation
2 Lindsay Formation
2Verulam Formation
NOTES
1 Subcrop only in Windsor-Essex area; lithology from subsurface records.2Does not occur as subcrop in Windsor-Essex area.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Subsurface contacts from Sanford (1969).
Additional subsurface data compilation by D. Russell (1981). from oil and gas well records of Petroleum Resources Section. Ministry of Natural Resources, London.
CREDITS
Geology by P.G. Telford and assistant. 1977. Additional work by D.J. Russell, 1980.
Every possible effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the infor mation presented on this map; however, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources does not assume any liability for errors that may occur. Users may wish to verify critical information; sources include both the refer ences listed here, and information on file at Ihe Resident or Regional Ge ologist's office and the Mining Recorder's office nearest the map-area
Issued 1981
Information from this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference be made in the following form:Telford, P.G and Russell, D J1981: Paleozoic Geology ot the Windsor-Essex and Pelee Island Area,
Southern Ontario: Onfario Geological Survey Preliminary Map P.2396, Geological Series, Scales 1-250 000, 1:50 000. Geology 1977, 1980.41"43' 41"43'