Acting Regional Director ~ :SCIi' ~ Region 3 Qloucester~ Mass.

Acting Laboratory Director. RCF Woods Hole. lv'Iass.

Report on New york Barbor

28 September 1961

Replying to your memorandum of 15 September. we regret tha.t we have no pertinent material tn the rUes appUcable to the New York Barbor study requested. It would seem appropriate to approach the New York State Conservation people in this, regard.

Robert L. Edwards

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Director * BCF Wa~:ttQn 25, D. C.

Laboratory Director. BCF Woods Hole.. Mass •

12 October 19iH

.Report of the Circulation and Fisherie.s in New Yorl&. Harbor

In reference to your znemo of 2 October 1961. The attached report is a brief summary of the (outer) New York Harbor fisheries and its hydrography. A bibliography of pertinent references in included.

Herbert \V. Graham

Attacfu~nts

cc: Gharrett (Risoll material with this copy) jail

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OPTIONAL FQRM NO. 10

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

Memorandum TO

FROM

Dr. Herbert W. Graham, L~b. Director BCF Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole,

DATE:

Mass.

Acting Regional Director, BCF, Ghlcester, Mass.

Sept. 15, 1961

SUBJECT: Report on New York Harbor

On September 12 Mr. Gharrett wrote you requesting information for report on Boston Harbor. Similar information which is needed for New York Harbor had been requested from the Milford laboratory, but Dr. Loosanoff has no material in his files

which will be helpful to us.

We should appreciate your as sistance in preparing the New York Harbor report with information that is already available to you and members of your staff.

The New York report will be needed earlier than the Boston report. We should like to have your comments not later than October 2. The November 1 deadline still holds for the

Bo ston report.

~x?Jl~~ Rus sell T. Norris

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r. OPTIONAL FORM NO. 10

tJ.NITED STATES GOVERNMENT

Memorandum TO

FROM

Laboratory Director, BCF Biological Lab. DATE: October 2, 1961 Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Regional Director, BCF, Gloucester, Mass.

SUBJECT: Report on New York Harbor

As per our telephone conversation" I am returning to you copy of the memorandum from .the Director on the above subject. Please supply as much material as you may be able to, as called for in the questionnaire.

By copy of this memorandum, I am asking Mr. Risoli to furnish directly to you such material as he has, especially in reference to Item A-2 of the questionnaire. You should note particularly the last paragraph of the Director's memorandum.

Should we not be able to supply all information requred, we will refer the Director to sources of information outside the Bureau, rather than try to get such information from the outside sources ourselves.

Inasmuch as we are past the deadline set for this iriiormation at the Washington office, it is necessary that we act quickly on this matter. I will need this report from Dr. Edwards (including what material he may receive from Mr. Risoli) by October 10.

Attachment

cc -Mr. Risoli iii',';!'!

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i,':I',I"I',:1 W

DEJ?A.,\T.jvt:-i~T OF TIIF: tr-rn::.p.1OP. Fish and ;,:i.ldllfc: Service

Bur~u of COJ'J£:lercial Fi8heri~s ~'fi,shin1-2;Lon ;:5, D. C ,,-

SfP ~ 1961

To~ Regional and Area !;irecb:>Ts (Regioc..s If 2, J) and CnUf{)rnia) Bureau of Commercial Fisheries

From~ Director, BUJ"e8.u of Conll'tlercie.l F'ishe:d.es

Subj ect: R~qllest fer int'(;:rmtI tine. :~r.~el"'n1~g f~.sherie~~, f1shery resour-:.:es, and aqua tic E;;:Jvir:'mme::t lavatiou3 harbors

The Bu.eau of CQn'!JlerCial F"iaheries hag beew. req1H:'sted "'.,0 prov:l.dc in1'orm~tlon abou4~ the f'i3h<.!rics and the B(,{,.lctl(: environment of ce"Z"'~si", harbors to be l.ncorporat.ed 1n~eneral i'eporGs being prepared by ancther governm~r:.tal agency. TheB~' r~pr,:rt.s v111 conta1r.. information on tcpog.r3.:Phy, geo1:lSj1 1 ve.!:ocher, In.c.ustry, and h1.lJllSn populst1onof' the a.rea in .<i1:iJ. tion t:::; fisheries. Aside from our general polJ.r:y .)f encoulosging 1ntcragenC}' coop.-c:re­tlon, we believe the Buresu ~hould pro'r1de th1~ informeti~n since it willconstltu~e a sta.teme!'!t. 0:" the present a'l'u:113blt! knowledge concerr~ng tho;!se locations and ril~ serve '3.s.a baseline for future studies of new and addi t10nel 11S~s~f theseharboTs.

It is there 'fore requeeted that you pro-.rt<!.e the fallon ng in.fo:nnation concerning t·hose harbors ~1U the following list vhic':l l:l.e vi thin your region.

''Boston" *~sachusett8 MVS New Crleenls, Lcuia1a~ BeY York, :lev York t9-c1 . .) St:!attle, W:8sh1ngto~

(,Philadelphia, ~nnsyl~:oia-V; ... .J- Portl~nd, Oregon ~lt1more, Maryland. M", ,,- ' Sail FTandaco , California

Savannah, Georgia Loa Al;.gelE!s, Califorrr:l.<t

Itifol'm!lt1on, on '!few York, SaV8.UIlBh) and San F:rancisco ... 111 be needed vi thin· one IKlnth. Wormatlon on the ~e8t of' ·the w.,rbors ;d 11 be needed ."1 thl.,n the next tvo months.

Each harbor report should cGntain a description of the cca:nerc1al tisheriee in the 1mmediate vicinitY', the general st..atU8 ot movledee concerning ~he8e species, and aay available info~t10n concerning the hy'drograpby 01" the 1U"e& ao it pertains to i'18~er1e5. The report

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ahould alao contain a list. 0;; r.:!ferences to pubUshed I!l8.teria.l concerning these harbors ani! their fisheries. This 1nf'o:rmation should be baaed upon the e.ve.1la.ble knowledge of 7ou:r staff. members 0

If' aetual data or references t.c l'Ubllshed material are nat avail­able an all phases ~Bted, wevould appreciate the names of persons who may have the inI'or:ration.. ifhe attached ou.tline should serve as a guide to data required aDd :f'cn.-ms.t of report"

Since GCl!:£! information conce:rning these aree.s might be ava11.£.ble: from tile staff of the Jureau of Bport Fisheries and Wildlife"

. espec1al.ly the Branch of River Basin Stud1ea, it MS been agreed toot. the Bureau of Cornmerc1S.1 Fisheries will obtain available 1n:forastion from the Bureau ot Sport Fisheries and Wildl1te and incorporate this in a s1::gle report tor each harbor.

In J!J!Uly cases, knowledge of the fisheries and their environment will be 1ncO!l:Iplete. The~fore, it 1s suggested. that a brief statement be included to describe the resee.rch program necessary to p.rov1ds suf't1c1ent in:f'orma:t1on to f'stimate the effect on fisheries of variou.s uses of such harbors G

We recosnise that this tna!Wrandum does not contal!l specific in:f'Ol"IIII!Ltion concerning the uwe ~ the data requested. Tb:1.e 1 s nec:essar;y bsc:aw:e of the sensitive nature of tlIe prugram iDvolvedo

Attacbment

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rA~scl'ipt.ion 0::: corn:me:L4 cial fisheries ill the "!i1cin:t ty 1. CoIm!lercia1 fisheries in the harbor and vicinity

tio edible fln fish. b. cruatacea.u shellfish c. mlluacan shellfish da lndus·t.rial fish eo other marine products

2.. Size and extent 01' fishery for each species a. location at fishing area, !!I.lIllber or vess~lG} munber

of fishermen" :market. value b o types of gear c~ locatlon of landing ports for fip.h from area and relative

contribution i"rom area to 'cotal la.nd.1ngs at each :port

Bo General status of lmov1edge of each species of fish and shellfish 10 Migration 1nte, through and out cfaxea 2" Setisonal. pattern of fishery operations 3. Spavn1ng and teed.:1.ng activities of s:pecles within the area 40 Importance of area as nursery ground 5. LoeatiOll and abund.a.nce of knovn food organisms

Co Information on b;y'drography' ot area as it :pertains to fisheries 10 Geogra:ph1cal cbB.ra~terist.ica

a. ~ ot harbor orestua'A.""Y b. sica and nature of cbsr...nels, inlets, side cbannels6 etc o

2. water eharactertstlea 8.0 tll.i.'"bld1ty b. sal1n1~ regimes e. pollutant cbaract.er1St.1CB

3. General p!ltt.aru of vater nov, special tidal pat'terna, floods, htllT1cane 'tide B, etc 0

D. References to publlehed llBterial concerning harbor and its tisber1es 1. By' FW'S and other Federal agencies 2. By" State and. local agencies B.nd la.'bora.tories 3.. By private 1nst1tut1ona 4,. By univers1'ties and 1nd1Vidual scientists

E. Sourees of 1.llIpubUshed. records and data 1. Shellfish ares charta and maps 2. Pollution records, ete. 3. Routine data col1eC't1ons on mrine biology aod hydrogra.p~ 4. Specific Bcient1ata with s:pec1al knowledge of' area

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¥ -----------~=~~~~~==---~~----------------.....,...."".

OPTIONAL FQRM NO. 10 -----. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

Memorandum TO

FROM

Dr. Herbert W. Graham, Lab. Director BCF Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole,

DATE:

Mass.

Acting Regional Director, BCF, Ghlcester, Mass.

Sept. 15, 1961

SUBJECT: Report on New York Harbor

On September 12 Mr. Gharrett wrote you requesting information for report on Boston Harbor. Similar information which is needed for New York Harbor had been requested from the Milford laboratory, but Dr. Loosanoff has no material in his files which will be helpful to us.

We should appreciate your as sistance in preparing the New York Harbor report with information that is already available to you and members of your staff.

The New York report will be needed earlier than the Boston report. We should like to have your comments not later than October 2. The November 1 deadline still holds for the Boston report.

----~r'· .--

UPOllT OF TllB ClRCUL.,<\TION AND FlSaEaIES IN

lG"\V YORK HARBOR

~YOO~S HOLE LAFCEATORY 01-~ ~USCRIPT REPORT NO. «

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The Commercial Fisberies operating in the viciniV' of New

York Harbor catch a wide variety of speeies as indicated below.

The fieetis made up ot mostly smaller vessels operating out- of

New York. C1t.y. Long Island, and several small ports in northern

coastal New 3ersey.While the quantities 1ancIed (given below) far

exceed the amount landed by the sportfisbermen, sport fishing

vessels number in the thousands and conatitute an investment in

equipment exceeding that of the commerci9JfishermeIl;

Of the many species taken commercially, three speeies -

the scup .. nwnbaden" and silver bake predominate~ These specie.

are fished in the lower bay· as well as offshore of Long Island and

Sandy Hook.

Soup landings exceed the combined landings of all other food

fish. The scup as well ia • prime sport fish. Sandy Hook Bay is

one of the pTincipal scup spawning and nursery grounds and almost

certainly this stoek supports moat of the local fishery.

The menhaden migrate.s northward in the spring" and con­

siderable amounts are harvested in this area - possihly more than

indicated in the available statistics in as much as vessels landing

their catcb at WUdwood. New Jersey# and Amagansett. Long Island.

do fish here ocCiUlionally.

The aUver hake fishery is a winter fishery (see fig. 1).

Figure 1. Seasonal distribution of lan(l1ngs (and general

abundance) of fishes. 1960 total landings in

paranthesis.

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100 J F

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50f-

50f-

50

501-

50

M A M

BLUEFISH (247)

BUTTERFISH (42)

COD (306)

RED HAKE (389)

FLUKE (326)

SEA BASS (75)

J J A S a N 0

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J 'F M A M J J A S

SCUP (6,470)

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MENHADEN (3,0 II)

/f17IA

fill I I I II I I I II lJA

SILVER HAKE (2,541)

0 N 0 1'000

12500

2000

1500

1000 ~ ~ <::J Q...

500 It.. <::J

V) C:) ~ "::.(

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1000 2:

~500

0' ~ ,,//IA/UAtU,/IU//I,f77--,h. ~"u",u'O J F M A M J J A SON 0 J F M A M J J A SON 0

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r--------,-

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This species is usually taken by otter trawlers Q-ff the New Jersey

Highlands.

Other species move in and out of the areas seasona1q' as

shown in figure 1. The cod. red hake (ling) and silve r hake are

"winter" species. aU the rest are UsummerH or warm ... water

species.

The shellfish resources are significant. Surf clams are

fished off Long Island by vessels operating out of $outhern New

Jersey as well as Long Island. The offshore grounds off Long

Island and New Jersey are excellent hard clam bedtk New Jersey

tidal flats have a small but consistent soft clam industry. The

landings data are presented in table 1.

While the blue crab is locally abundant,. it does not support

a substantial fishery as d~s the lobster. However. ma~ people

fish for blue crabs as private individuals. and it constitutes a

signif1eant tt sport Ii fishery.

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~ c.r ~. B.emark.s

... Bhleflsb CT. lI.L 1" _ai- l 8-'1"4* OT G SMa .... 1 -tCocI CT. IlL - s.f1a. 1 ...... OT .. See flal' 1 ... w ..... ~ CT. BL 8T +ntake CT. HL u.a SeeUC# 1 ....... ft, TP a.&11 s. a, .. 1 .. $Cup QT. TP • BL & •• '10 SM-4g. S +SeaUout BL.OT I +s ...... BL. OT '5 See ftg. I + .... QJI 1'41 +Striped ... lIL, OT 18 +8Uy .. bake OT :I 541 he 1lc. 1 • Sea berriDI· OT. TP 2M +Soa1to 10 B1ac1cdnm OT M lrr ..... 1aoc;~.

Lebater OT. Pot 141 StaUat1ea ~ may" larae17of!8boI'e·. _. . ator) lobat.,..

Blue crab 13

BaH clam Jlftdp '4O Soft e1aJ.ra .... a1 sa lVIiOatly New Jersey SUfclam ~ 4. Mo8tl7 off LoDclalliad Settdd TP. OT 14

• Tk ••• ¢ommel"C:1a1 JatuUup ftl\U"M .. 1a lQOOte of poullda. are to .. the lear 1960. aad an t.nd1ng. nude in ports of th. :New York 21gbt~· The atatiat1ea aN _t eompletuy adeq\late for Al"ea fialled.. aeCQrdiagly th ... flgurea mould be ~ .. maximum.. The total Q'ea. 11lc1ude418 juat .Ughtlylazpl" tbaa Ulat Ulutrate4 lu CU ..... ~.

... IDdlcattt. tItat epec£ •• l11 alIo • aporiftab of ~.

Oew 1ildlcated • or 1J000w tnw1. BL., Bad 1tDe. TP· Trap. Glf- GUl1l8t. "PS~~·.eine

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List of Useful References Pertaining to the Biology and Productivi'ty

of New York Coastal ~a

Ryther ~ 1. H... at at ..

1958.. The dynamics of a diatom hloom. Blol.. Bull.. llSr 257-26&.. -

Ryther. J.. H. aud C" S. 'Yentsch

1958 .. t Primary productiQn of continental shelf waters off N~ York. Limnol. Oe~ogr .... 3: 327 ... 335. -

Alperin. Irwin M.

1958. The sportfisheries of Great South Bay.NYS Conserva­tiODist 13(1h 10-12. -

Alperin. Irwin M. and 3. C. Poole

1956. Long Island's fluke. NYS Conservationist .llJ3h 16-17.

Buller. Raymond J .. and Harlan S. Spear

1950~ A survey of the sports fishery of the Middle Atlantic l3tp.t fa 1948. '0. S. FWS,. SSR: F 7: 1-20.

Burdick. G .. E.

1964. An analyaia of the factors, including pollutloQ. having po4a1ble influence on the abundance of shad in the Hudson lUver.. N. Y. Fish &. Game Jour. 1(2)1 188-205.

C~ R. ,\\i" ud D. T .. Bies

193'1. Fisheries investigation in the lower BudsoalUver .. In: A biological survey ot the lower Hudson watershed. (Supple'" m.ut to 26th Aunual Report" 1936 (1931).. NYS Cons. Dept.: 124 .. 245.

Greely. J.. R.

1981. Fish .. of the area witb aunotated list. In: A biologlcal .~ of the lower Hudson watershecl. (Supplement to 26th,Annual Report, 1936 (1937). NYS Cons. Dept,,! 45-103 ..

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Hamer. P. E.

1959. Thesis Rutgers Univ. Age and grawth studies of the bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrlx Linnaeus) of the New Y crk Bight.

Loosaaoff. V ~ L.

1957~ Tentatiw program for rehabilitation of New Englaad and New York oyster fisheries. Milford. Conn •• mimeo .. " 23 p.

Moore.. E." etal.

1938. A biological survey of the salt waters ot Long Island, Part 1. (Supplement. to 28th Annual Report. 1938 (1939). A joint survey with the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries.

Nesbit~ Robert A.

1954. Weakl1sh migration:in relation to its conservation. U.S. FWS# SSR; F 115: 1-81..

Neville, W. C.

1940. CORServations of striped bass. In: A study of certain m.a.rine fishery problems of Suffolk County ~ Long Island. New York. Survey by U. S. [B. C. FJ in cooperation with Board of Supervisors ..

Neville. W. C •• C. C. Dicld.nson and J. R. Westman

1939. Miscellaneous species. In: A biological survey of the . surfwaters of Long Island~ Part 1. (Supplement to 28th

Arun1al Report" 1938 (1939). NYS Cons. Dept.: 134-138.

Nichols, P. R.

1958. Effect of New Jersey-New York pound"'net catches on shad runs of Hudson and Connecticut Rivers. Fish. Bull., U. S. FWS. val .. 58, 143: 491-500.

Perlmutter. Alfred

1939. An ecological survey of young ftsh and eggs identified from tow .. net collections. In: A biological. survey of the salt wateotrs of Long Island,. Part fi. (Supplement to 28th Annual Report, 1938 (1939). NYS Cons~ Dept.: 11-71.

f

I.

~ -- -------- -~- ~~---~---

-~-- ----------~---,--~-------- -

Perlmutter, Alfred.. William s. MUler and John C. Poole

1958. The weakfish.. (FlOW_Cion re\al!sl, iu New York waters. N~ Y. Flah&: Game our. aU): . -43 .. -

Poole. John C.

1961. Age and growth of the Alike in Great South Bay and their 81gn1f1caace to the sport fishery. N., Y. Fish aad Game Jour. 8(1): 1-18. -

Rathjen, 'V~rren F .. and Lewis C. Miller

195'1. Aspect. of the early We history of the striped bass (Roecus aqatiUa) in the Hudson River. N ~ Y. Fish &: Game Jour. itt): 43-60. -

Schaefer, R. H.

1958. Them Rutgers Univ.. A study of the growth and feeding habits of the wh1tiug or silver hake, Merluceiu8 bilinear!s Mltc.h11l. of New York Bight.

Talbot. Q. B. and J. E. Sykes

1958. ,Atlantic coast migrations of AmerIcan shad. Fish. BulL, U.S. FVi5. wi. 58. 142: 473-490.

Westman~ lames R..

1946. Some studies of the Ufe history and economics of the fluke. A report primed under sponsorship of thelsl1p TOWl1Sbip(?), Islip, New York.

WestmaD. ! .. it.. and W. C. Neville

1942 .. The tUDIL. flsh. ~ er:!. of Lo~l$J.and, New York. A survey coadueted by U. s.. [B .. C. F J in cooperation with the county exeeutives aDd the Board of S11Jk!'rrisors. Nassau County. Long Island. N. Y. 31 p •.

Westman. James R... and. P..oss F .. Nigrelli

1951.. Prelbninaryatudies of menhaden and their mass mortalities in Lou.la1and and New Jersey waters.. N. Y. Fish & Game Jour. !(2): 14.2-160 •.

7

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Hydrography·

The b7dN~ 01 the New York Bight bas beea studies by

X.tchum, et. al C195l). Tbia particular study' sbould be referred

to h7 all70ne wl.N.ng detaUec:l information.

Bottom~ 'l'he bottom 1a generally a. sandy mud., It is :ra1a­

Uvely-heavily :Uttered with nrious trash ranging fromgarb .. ge~

conatruction refuse to hard.junk of all descriptions..

Tidal cze1!: The tidal exeu;rsion is relatively short, .:wr ..

aging Ie •• than 2 miles.. The effect of tide. however, 18 felt far up

the Hudson beyond Albany.

Hudson River outfloW': The flow of the Hudson varies !

aeasolUl11y, peaking in the early spring,. when the ilow may be

a1moat 10 times as great as in October, the period of least flow.

SalinitieS! The New York Bight salinities vary but little"

being lowest during pertods of g~atest flow of the Hudson Rlver.

'l'hta effect of dilution 18 quickl1' lost, however # and salinities in

exce. of 30 °/00 usually oCCUr east of Rockaway Inlet and south

of Highland •• New Jersey (except elose inshore).

T!r!P!rature: In tbe· New York Bight the temperature

pattern varie. ill a normal seasonal manner. Thermoclines (and

1lal.o¢l1ne.) exist except (lurillg "sprtngt* overturn periods (January'"

February-Mareh) and "!.allu overturn periods (Ocdober-Noveznber).,

The temperatv.res vary from. somewhat less than 10- c.. at their

coldest 4February ... Marcl1) to in excess at 2S- c~ (September·

October) at the surface and about 20* c. at the bottom.

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JERSEY CITY

B ROO KL Y N

DEPTH CONTOURS UN FEET!

5· '0 - - - - -20 - - - -. 30 - - - ... -

60 ------90 -----------

~-~. "~-~verage current pa:e:'- Tidal influx from east awJ at bottom.._'-,._:s,ur_ _!a_·ce_~. _. ~_,] flow strODgly south along Nevi' .Jer~ey coast: _

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II

Fottl. W ... 1.0.

114&. The fteld. ·WJe· of a aa1iD1V-temptnlf:&u'e·deptil1"eCt)t'!Mt" ..

I;..., ...... It ..... 16.

Kalptt V• J ..

INs.. CouW~· along tbe A~ CoMt 01 .. UnltM

8tate.. Spec. hb.. NQ" 2tO,. U .. s.. Dept of Comm..

c'" as" '13 p,~

ICetchlun. B. a. lUO.. ~c Iaelol"a lDwlwrd in the dr18peraioD of

polhItuW ~oeG Into Udal ",q~ J.BostOQ Soc~

C1.~ ~ 37; 191·.14..

~"B.. lUI. ". nn.btnc of Udal .~ie:... s.~ amll'mi~rial

wute& 21, 191 .. 2ot.

1CetdnUIl. a & It s.c, a.tt'1eW aDd J. s. AJ1tl1l.,

hll.. Tha·~ of the· New Yorit m,ld. r.~" Oceacocr. ~, 121 48 pp..

1C.etctl .... all. ~ .. w. L. F()ni.

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