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Unit 1 – Physical ScienceUnit 1 – Physical Science

1.2 – Facts of Friction1.2 – Facts of Friction

Tracy DrainSystems Engineer NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Host ResearchersPhysical Science

Kobie BoykinsSenior Mechanical Engineer NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Focus Questions:

What is Energy?

What are some ways that energy changes forms?

What forms of energy does a Mars orbiter use?

Research Article: Research Article: Energizing an Orbiter - page 31Energizing an Orbiter - page 31

Research Highlights (page 31)Research Highlights (page 31)

What is energy?

two main types of energy

Kinetic energy - energy of motion

Potential energy - stored energy

• Potential energy can be stored as gravitational potential energy or chemical potential energy

the ability to do work

What are some ways that energy changes forms?

– Energy transfer – energy never gets used up, it just changes form

What forms of energy does a Mars orbiter use?

– Chemical fuel

– Solar energy

1.2 The Facts of Friction (page 33)

Objectives – • explain how aerobraking works• explain how friction affects an object’s

velocity• design and conduct an investigation of

aerobraking

1.Read Master 1.2A to learn about aerobraking (page 35)

Allows the orbiter to conserve its limited supply of fuel by repeatedly dipping into the upper part of Mars’ atmosphere as it circles the planet. Passing through these gases creates friction which slows down the spacecraft.

Let’s Begin…Let’s Begin…

Spacecraft Aerobraking

http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/aerobraking.html

2. Build the model according to the 2. Build the model according to the directions on page 33.directions on page 33.

No lab stand… what to do, what to do???

Conclusion questions (page 34)Conclusion questions (page 34)::

• In the model, what did the board represent?

• Did the sandpaper have an effect on the orbiter’s potential energy or its kinetic energy?

• The orbiter loses energy due to friction from the sandpaper. Where does that energy go?

the sandpaper ?

3.3. Design an Investigation to Design an Investigation to Explore Aerobraking Explore Aerobraking

Follow scientific process to develop investigation – page 10

Discuss possible variable changes

National Science Education StandardsNational Science Education Standards:

What standards did we cover in this investigation?

State standards can be found on TJOState standards can be found on TJO

Sample Pacing Guide page 20bSample Pacing Guide page 20b

• 45 minutes to discuss the research article – Energizing an Orbiter• 45 minutes to do the activity Facts of Friction

Science Topics Covered: energy, potential energy, kinetic energy, energy transfer,conservation of energy, friction, orbits, space missions

Multimedia ComponentsMultimedia Components

The setting: 2085 at Mars Experimental Station One, a colony built to test humans' ability to live self-sufficiently in an alien and hostile environment.

Characters: Sean, a fifteen-year-old orphan who acts tough but secretly thinks he can't measure up to the others. Jenny, also fifteen, whose frail looks belie her fierce intelligence; Alex, a fourteen-year-old pilot in training who doesn't always know his boundaries.

Plot: When the existence of Marsport is suddenly threatened, the group must overcome their fears and join forces, for their survival depends on nothing less.

Novel Connections: Novel Connections:

http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/kids/m

odels/Odyssey_C

olor.pdf

What changes would you need to make?

Any question?

Unit 1 – Physical ScienceUnit 1 – Physical Science

1.2 – Facts of Friction1.2 – Facts of Friction