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ContentFrom The Editor

2 Every february

4 The Survivors

5 Love Mathemetics

5 What do you know?

5 Who Am I?

6 Can the vector transmit the virus

8 Our World Woday

10 Say No To Gossips

12 e-Matter

14 Acute Bronchitis

15 Tips on How to Prevent Flu

16 Rulers of The World

16 UEFA Champions League Draw

17 Crossword

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Our generation has seen different shades of peo-ple, ignorant and knowledgeable, street children and emeritus professors. All these people exhibit

various forms of emotions in the drudgery of their day to day living. The truth remains, their ability to understand and man-age their emotions determines their altitude in life. Life will be dead space without emotions because our emotions play a key role in our everyday actions.

Issues like depression is weighing a lot of people down, blood pressure increases by the day and the upward trend of rising tempers leaves much to be desired. The rate of divorce in marriages has seen an upward trend these past few years. Innocent children fall victim to abuse and extreme emotional crisis. What is the cause of all these? Unmet emotional needs? Or lack of understanding. On the brighter side, marriages and love relationships look blissful and colourful. Thanks to the almighty God who has coloured our lives with emotions.

The genesis of e-Times is to help people get ample information on how to understand, use, man-age and cope with people in our world, knowing very well the clashes due to unmanaged emotions and ignorance. Information from this magazine will feast your senses on the delights of emotions, feed your minds with accurate information from trustworthy sources and fuel your passion for a friction free co-habitation.

A portion of the hymn make me a channel of your peace in remembrance of mother Theresa says “oh master grant that i may never seek so much to be consoled as to console, to be understood as to understand, to be loved as to love with all my soul”. This is to say that in our selfish nature let’s consider the emotions of others and by so doing we will be developing our emotional intelligence.

Kudos to God and thanks to all those who have made this publication a success. Special thanks to all readers. Cheers !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

From The ediTor

e-Times February14 - March 31 1

Ntor Solomon

Every February, across the country, candy, flowers, and gifts are

exchanged between loved ones, all in the name of St. Valentine. But who is this mysterious saint and why do we celebrate this holiday? The history of Valentine’s Day — and its patron saint — is shrouded in mystery. But we do know that February has long been a month of romance. St. Valentine’s Day, as we know it today, contains ves-tiges of both Christian and ancient Roman tradition. So, who was Saint Valentine and how did he be-come associated with this ancient rite? Today, the Catholic Church recognizes at least three differ-ent saints named Valentine, all of whom were martyred.

Whether you are in a rela-tionship or single, rarely will Valentine’s Day pass by without your notice. If you are single and even if you think the day has no significance, on Valentine’s Day you will think about and want a relationship more than usual. If you are in a relationship and Valentine’s Day does not get cel-ebrated, it will leave hurt and re-sentment in its wake.

Valentine’s Day is a great op-portunity to focus on love. Think of Valentine’s Day as “Focus-on-Love Day,” as opposed to “Hurt- About-Lack-of-Love Day” or “Ignore-Being-Single Day” or “Unhappy Day.” Below you will find ways to make your “Focus-on-Love Day” extraordinarily romantic, whether you are single or in a relationship.

Every februaryEvery february

1. The Perfect dayCouples: See if you can

start to notice what your lover dreams about, wishes for. Listen for small, doable things that can make a big difference. Alterna-tively, subtly question your lover about what he/she pictures as the perfect Valentine’s Day. Now take the information you have gathered and make it into a per-fect day for him or her.

Singles: If you had a partner, what would you have them do to create your perfect Valentine’s Day? Create it for yourself. Love yourself that much.

2. The Perfect Card + one Perfect rose

Couples: Buy or make a lovely card and then fill it to the brim with words of love, admi-ration and appreciation. When I say fill it to the brim, I mean leave no white space untouched. Present it with one perfect rose.

Singles: Buy or make a lovely card for yourself, and just as above, fill it to the brim with words you want to hear from your future lover. Seal the en-velope, so that you can open it on Valentine’s Day. Present it to yourself with one perfect rose.

3. Treat Valentine’s day as a Lover’s day and

not as a Woman’s dayCouples: Ladies, I have it on

good authority that guys want to be celebrated too. So, get him flowers and candy and a card, too.

Singles: Guys, give yourself that same wonderful Valentine’s Day as a relationship partner would give you. You may feel silly, but you will also feel good.

4. Say Goodbye to obligation; Say hello to

open heartCouples: Don’t give or do

anything out of obligation this

Valentine’s Day. Give only from your heart, from love and treas-uring your partner. No matter how good or bad your relation-ship is going, get in touch with how much you truly love and ap-preciate your partner. Give from that space.

Singles: Don’t beat yourself up for not having a partner yet. You have not failed. You are not bad. Valentine’s Day can be “Fo-cus-on-Love-for-Yourself Day” as well as “Focus-on-Love-for- Another Day.”

5. The Gift of Undi-vided Attention

Couples: Give your partner the gift of undivided attention and see if she or he doesn’t find that the most romantic thing go-ing.

Singles: Give yourself the gift of your own undivided at-tention. Take away all of the dis-tractions and be with yourself the way you would want your part-ner to be with you.

6. Gift ofCommunication, i

Couples: Men, allow your woman to talk about whatever her heart desires, and listen with-out fixing at all. Ladies, let your man talk or answer your question without finishing his sentences for him, interrupting him, or moving on to the next topic. See if this doesn’t make sparks fly.

Singles: Either find a person who will listen to you the way you need to be heard, or give yourself space and time to listen to your own thoughts and feel-ings or to journal.

7. Gift ofCommunication, ii

Couples: Ladies, give your man the gift of sitting down next to him in silence. No talking al-lowed. Men, give your lady the gift of talking and sharing from

your heart. No closing down, walling- up or running away al-lowed.

Singles: Either silence or open heart--give yourself which-ever one you need.

8. A Gift with interestCouples: Is your partner into

computers and you don’t know a mouse from a monitor? Or is she into gardening, but to you a rose is just a rose? Give your partner the gift of your interest in some-thing that is important to him or her. Go ahead, ask him or her a question about it and see the smile light up his or her face.

Singles: Give yourself the gift of time to pursue your im-portant interest. Take the time to do something that nourishes you and makes you happy.

9. The TrustCouples: Ladies, give the

man in your life the gift of trust-ing him to know how and when to take care of himself and you. Trust that he will do the best he can for Valentine’s Day. Gentle-men, hold her trust sacred, and learn to listen for subtle requests. Then honor them. The celebra-tion of love will feel good to both of you.

Singles: Today, trust your process and your fate. Today, trust that you too will be loved and cherished by a partner. To-day, remember all the people who already love and cherish you.

10. A Shower of WordsCouples: Write your loved

one a love letter or poem and read it to them on Valentine’s Day. Here come the tears.

Singles: Write yourself a love letter or poem, exactly the way you would want it written by a lover. Read it to yourself out loud and have tissue ready.

Have a happy Valentine’s Day!

There once lived a young woman by name Anne

who was single handedly tak-ing care of three children born out of wedlock. They lived in the center of the city, close to a very noisy market. To the left of their house is a mini cinema; to the right is a char-ismatic church which shares a common wall with their house. Behind their house is a very big carpentry shop which is opened as early as 7am and closed by 9pm. It was always a problem for Anne coping with raising of children, all the surround-ing noise, stench from gutters in the market, work and love. People always thought she was mentally deranged not knowing she was being influenced by her surroundings.

After the drudgery of pre-paring children for school, she got to work one morning and met her co-secretary in tears. The whole office was in a mess, her desk was turned upside down and there was a note for her from the manager of the company requesting that she sees him with immediate effect. Immediately she got the note, she rushed to his office to in-quire from him what was going on. To her utmost surprise, her boss just got up and gave her a resounding slap before saying a word. Apparently someone had stolen $2000 from his cup-board in his office and the only

suspect for this was Anne since she was the only person in that company with a spare key to the manager’s office. She could not defend herself because no mat-ter the amount of words she ut-tered, a stigma had been placed on her, “she is a thief”. This was a blow to Anne but she did not want the children to know and join in the grief, so she always pretended as if all was well at work and lied to them that she was only on a brief leave. The manager kept harassing and threatening her to leave the com-pany’s apartment in the shortest possible time. She had to figure out a lie to tell the children to leave them out of the grief and pain she was suffering and so she made up a competition and told them it was the survivors’ competition for families. The family who would be able to survive in hardship conditions is the winner, and that they would be moving from their fine apart-ment to live on the beach in hats at the outskirt of the city, eat like paupers, drink spring water and behave like paupers for a while. The children were so ex-cited about the game which did not actually exist.

All this while, her co-sec-retary was under oppression to confess and be free. She was the one who stole the money and gave it to her boyfriend to travel abroad. When she finally con-fessed to the boss with the im-

THE SURVIVORSpression that her friend would be pardoned and given back her job, it was rather heartbreaking that her confession hardened his heart toward Anne. He had his own agenda. About two years ago he asked Anne out but she refused and so he thought that was a better opportunity to get back at her.

The worst had befallen Anne and her children. They moved to the beach and stayed there for a very long time while she looked 4 another job which would earn her enough money to rent a nice apartment. Life became unbear-able for them, living from hand to mouth and the children were falling sick one after the other. It was really a trying time for Anne and the family.

One fateful day when she was on her job haunting spree she totally lost control of her-self, landed in the middle of the road and was hit by a car. The driver of the car was a desperate young man. He quickly rushed her to the hospital. Shakespeare said ‘journeys end but in love is meeting’. Anne and Bob fell in love while she was still at the hospital recuperating from the injuries he sustained in the acci-dent. Though love at first sight, it was as though they were or-dained to be together. Bob moved them from the beach...

Cont’d Pg 11 e-Times February14 - March 31 4

As we came out from that rectangu-lar restaurant and walked through that trigonometric lane, I imagined the possibilities of our sudden friendship and commitment.

Then as I looked at your cute cir-cular face, conical nose and spherical eyes not excluding your positive heart and character, I derived the answer to my simultaneous equation.

Before seeing you my heart was a null set, but when a vector of magni-tude from your eyes at a deviation of the radius made a tangent to my heart, it differentiated.

My love for you is a quadratic equation with real roots which only you can solve by making a good binary rela-tionship with me. The cosine of my love for you extends to infinity. I promise that I would not resolve you into par-tial fractions but if I do so, you can integrate me.

I can make you stay in bed all morningI drive you crazy, I’m all you’ve got.You keep me so close within your heart.The love we share is so strong that you can do anything to make me happyWithout me you can’t feel a thing,Without me you can not make a choice,Without me you cannot think straight. I’m so much into you,When I’m hurt, you always feel so depressed, you cry, you are so bitter and sadYou can do a lot of crazy things for my sake.When I’m happy, you are fulfilledI give you all you can imagine in lifeBecause I make you see life in different perspectivesPut common sense and me on the same bed, I will always prevail.Who am I?

Love mathematics

WHO AM I?

1. Yuliya Tymoshenko 2. Ban Ki-moon 3.Warren Buffet 4.Liliane Bettencourt 5. George Washington 6.Ukraine 7. Italy 8.Ivan Horbachevsky 9.Stapedius 10.Risorious Who Am I? I am your Emotions

To a lame man when the term “virus” is mentioned the first thing that grips his

mind is the HIV virus. And when we say “vector’ everyone remembers the most common vector in the Sub Saharan Africa, the mosquito.

In our world today we hold the mosquito re-sponsible for the transmission of so many diseases like the West Nile Virus diseases, LaCrosse en-cephalitis, the famous malaria, elephantiasis, etc. but to me one big question still remains. CAN THE VECTOR TRANSMIT THE VIRUS?

Before I link answers to my big question I would want to appreciate the work of so many sci-entist who have argued on this puzzle, but as we all know and from the little knowledge acquired from my early days of study of science, before a hypoth-esis becomes a theory, it must have been proven positive and possible and generally accepted within a larger majority of the science circle. Some people may have gone as far as endorsing the fact that it is impossible for the vector to transmit the disease

CAN THE VECTOR TRANSMIT THE VIRUS

with their scientific proves and explanations. Oth-ers have said that if actually the vector can transmit the virus, by now one-third of the world’s popula-tion must have been infected with the deadly HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). My answer to this big question is that there is a slight possibil-ity for the transmission of the virus by the vec-tor. The possibility or chances may be as little as 0.000000001 but medically a possibility is still a possibility and should be treated as such.

In this topic, where we always base our argu-ment on is at the possibility for the mosquito to transmit the virus from a HIV infected person to a healthy individual through its feeding mechanism. The process here is practically not different from the procedure at which the mosquito transmit plas-modium which is the protozoon responsible for malaria.

Some people have established the fact that when a mosquito sucks in the virus, it has a diges-tive mechanism within it’s stomach that digests the virus. I won’t try to disprove that fact but consider a situation where by we have a mosquito whose proboscis is roughly developed. What if during its meal on an infected person some particles of blood gets stuck within the rough walls of its proboscis and then it proceeds to feed on a healthy person.

Now consider the process of sucking. Consid-er yourself sucking a bottle of juice using a straw, after each successful intake of your juice into your mouth, what happens to the volume of juice left within the straw that didn’t find it’s way to your mouth? It rows back into the bottle.

Remember that we are still considering a mos-quito with a roughly developed proboscis which fed on an infected person and had some particles of blood stuck in its proboscis. If this mosquito pro-ceeds to feed on a healthy person, considering the fact established from our “backward flow of juice” what happens if during this backward flow of blood the stuck particles of blood get unstuck and finds its way into the blood stream of our “Mr. Healthy”.

e-Times February14 - March 31 6

Some people have also established the fact that when a mosquito feeds on an individual it rarely or doesn’t immediately go to feed on the next per-son. (It needs time to digest the full stomach of blood) what if during her first meal she was inter-rupted that she wasn’t full enough to take a break. Already we might have some blood stuck within her proboscis. The possibility of these facts may be very slim but a possibility remains a possibility and the degree of its occurrence remains for un-foreseen circumstances to tell.

Assume the situation whereby a fully virus in-fested mosquito perches on your skin regardless of the fact the virus is contained in its proboscis or stomach . And then half way in its meal you spot-ted it and gave a hard slap on it. One thing is sure to happen, the mosquito is dead and we have blood spilt around a hole bored by the proboscis of this mosquito. What happens if the blood creeps into this temporary opening to the blood stream before it is wiped. Imagine the situation were our infested vector is killed on an opened wound.

Some people had also said that the mosquito even if it contains the virus don’t carry a large amount of blood within it as to infect a healthy person. (Meaning that the blood the mosquito carries within it is not enough to infect a healthy person)

What about people who get infected from sy-ringes, nail cutters, razor blades and other sharp

objects. For sure these objects don’t contain one liter of an infected person’s blood.

We live in a world were we have constant evo-lutionary process and mutation bringing about dif-ferent species. In the pharmaceutical industry we have a lot of diseases that are becoming resistant to certain drugs (that is they are building up a de-fense mechanism against certain drugs). Someday we could have species that can transmit this virus faster and with a high possibility of occurrence than the mosquito. AND THAT’S IF THAT DAY IS NOT ALREADY HERE!!!

e-Times February14 - March 31 7

Mrs. Cohen, the buxom, sexy housewife was built so well the TV repairman

couldn’t keep his eyes off of her. Every time she came in the room, he’d near

about jerk his neck right out of joint looking at her. When he’d finished she paid

him and said, “I’m going to make a ... well ... unusual request. But you have to

first promise me you’ll keep it a secret.”

The repairman quickly agreed and she went on. “Well, it’s kind of embar-

rassing to talk about, but while my husband is a kind, decent man - sigh - he has

a certain physical weakness. A certain disability. Now, I’m a woman and you’re

a man ... “ The repairman could hardly speak, “Yes yes!”

“And since I’ve been wanting to ever since you came in the door ...”

“Yes yes!”

“Would you help me move the refrigerator?”

More and most peo-ple each day invent

thoughts and actions, some do not yield noble prizes but bring about priceless damages. These people each day drive the wheel of fortune with the hope of creat-ing wealth like their forefathers but they end up spinning the wheel in the wrong direction. Trillions roam the streets, some purposefully, others aimlessly. Where they are coming from and going to, no one knows. At same time, lucky ones those born with silver spoons and those who luck smiled at, sit comfortably at of-fices and spend very little time in the street.

Innocent ones suffer for the sins of their parents and the guilty somehow go scot free. Why do people settle for medi-ocrity? And who is to blame for all mishaps? And to what do we owe our rich ideas, innovations and creativities? OUR WORLD TODAY!!!

We live in an era where every individual finds himself blend-ing uniformly with the society. For example, people today wash clothes with machines instead of using hands; we can no longer go without refrigerators and other electrical appliances. Similarly no body in the society today can communicate efficiently without the use of a cell phone and it is considered unbearable to live without social amenities.

There is a constant wave of newer inventions and modifica-tions that greatly enhance the

progression of the society in more convenient and efficient means. Yesterday’s best of gadg-ets are hardly in use today!. Written communications are conveyed from one end of the world to the other in microsec-onds via fax and emails. We can say without doubts that our world today is certainly advanced than 100years ago when running wa-ter and electricity were consid-ered luxuries hardly available to the public.

If we examine critically, we see that although these progres-sions may be quite striking, the internal life styles and mental struggles that we face today have not gone through such im-provements. The world’s high-est divorce rate is in the now, which of the drugs sell the most in pharmacies today? It is those that control mental stress. Crime rates are at the increase by the day and the older gen-eration are subordinates to the younger.

Surprisingly all these prob-lems existed in the previous gen-erations but in a much smaller scale. Ironically enough, it seems that the improvements and pro-gressions of the society have in-directly led to the disintegration of our vital moral values and the effects of this are causing more havoc in our world today.

The journey of “our world” did not begin today; it began years ago when people saw the need to make their world a better place.

The problems of yesterday are today’s problems on more so-phisticated levels. Psychologists will try again and again to find cures for these ailments but they over look the cause. All these ailments come from the suffer-ing of the human conscience due to the constant pursuit of several means for personal gratifications and the inabil-ity to ever reach it. The only real way to cure this world would be to create an en-vironment that is geared towards work, coop-erative involvement and less toward lust and self grat-ification

The prob-lems of the society to-day would vanish if the so-c i -

OUR WORLD TODAY

ety was able to use all the pleas-ures of modernity productively. However, because of these mis-takes, we have a concept today, “people need time and place for recreation, so they can leave it all and simply relax.” People are trying to slip into imaginary worlds, to forget about life and its problems

We obviously must say that today’s advanced lifestyle is in somewhat of a need of meaning and until this is sufficiently taken care of, people will constantly pursue ways of escape from it.

Our world today needs hardliners, those who will stand through its changing scenes. People who think more of oth-

ers than themselves. Creativity and maintenance, leadership and management, anticipatory and visionary qualities should be the attributes of our world today.

When all is said and done, the generations to come would look back and say, “Our World today is a better place to live.”

...to his mansion and treated her as a queen. Not even a strand of hair from her head will fall without Bob’s attention. All she dreamed and hoped for in life had become a reality, her pains and grief had been turned to joy and her saviour had lifted her from the mari clay and set her feet upon a rock.

He made Anne forget about her experience in her past job and gave her hope of a new one. Everything seemed to be falling in pleasant places for her. Deep down within her she thought there was no guy like Bob be-cause he made her nights mem-orable. The children grew to love their mother’s new found love and even began to call him daddy. Anne was in heaven on earth because he made her feel like an angel. Life remained this way for them until Bob mar-ried Anne. It was as if hell had broken loose on them and the heavens could no longer contain them. Suddenly the love drift-ed away like the wind and the vacuum was filled with hatred. All this was a setup to make her pay for the $2000 she stole and her refusal to her ex-manager’s proposal. Bob could beat her from morning till night and as-sault her sexually but covered up with the marriage certificate. Her face and whole body were covered with injuries from her afflictions. The children were stopped from going to school, without any tangible reason. Her two daughters were raped on several occasions by Bob in the presence of their mother and all hope for a brighter future for

them waned. Anne could not re-port this to the police because he wouldn’t let her out and even if she managed to go he had settled the police with a lot of money. Life became so unbear-able for her, to the extent that she attempted taking her life.

Few years elapsed after their wedding, Bob’s brother who had been in law school, paid them a surprise visit. Fortu-nately for Anne he met them in one of their fights and Bob was pounding her like clay. He took the issue up and began to fight on her behalf. Meanwhile, her ex-manager had connived with her former co-secretary to keep her confession secret otherwise he would hand her over to the police. The lawyer took time to listen to Anne’s story and decid-ed to help her get justice, so he secretly went to see the former co-secretary and explained the implications of all that they were doing. In view of this she decided to confide in him with her confessions. She narrated that, years ago her boyfriend got a working visa to go abroad but did not have the finances to buy plane tickets and other related expenses, he threw a challenge to her that if she really loved him, she should look through every nook and cranny to get the money for him or he would leave her. ‘This was a big chal-lenge to me and my love life’ she said. One day she framed up a story that the common toilet in the company was faulty and she really needed to ease her self. Anne gave her the key to their

manager’s office not knowing she was going to duplicate it. She trusted her with her life. The next day, during lunch she refused to go for lunch in order to execute her plan of stealing the money which she succeed-ed. She was at this point feeling very guilty and really wanted to give her friend’s life back to her. With this confession, the lawyer fought the case on her behalf for so long and eventually won the case for her. Her ex-manager was asked to compensate her for all the losses she had incurred dur-ing her afflictions and suffering. Bob was arrested and her friend was given a chance to pay up the money in a period of time, after which if she hadn’t paid would be arrested for theft.

Anne finally got her life back, began her own business and sent her children back to school after so many years. Even though her daughters suffered psychologically, they pulled through and gave their best in school. Henry, a pilot of one of the best airlines in the world met Anne in her shop one of his visits to the country and fell in love with her. He promised to take her children as his own and create no distinc-tions between them and his own children. This was a man who genuinely loved Anne. They got married and decided to settle in a far away country and start a new life. One day when they were having dinner her son ex-claimed ‘we are indeed the sur-vivors, we won the game’.

e-Times February14 - March 31 11

Begining in pg 4

E-matters is a show where you talk about things you

don’t talk about often and it eases you off. It’s a great forum espe-cially because I am far away from home and there are things you can’t really share with anybody but at e-Matters when people be-gin to share similar burdens you feel free and appreciate yourself. I like it and I am really happy to be a part of it.

Everyone is searching and

waiting for that special someone to appear in his or her life but where and when will this spe-cial someone appear? For all you may know, he or she could be just nearby or even just be-side you. It all depends on fate a lot would say. Hmm… thinking about it, isn’t there also kind of a fate between you and I that you are actu-ally reading this article right now? Everything is like all so miracu-lously arranged, having a reason behind every event that happened. Do you believe in fate? Personally, I do. When you have met that special one, and in a relationship, the possibil-ity for that relationship to get stronger lies in the hands of the two involved, otherwise , an advise to the bearer in such a relationship, ‘let things be’. The old saying goes ‘if you love something set it free if it comes back it is yours, if not it never was.’

Wishing you the very best your decision!

Every crush brings about a feeling of wanting

the “crusher” to be close to the “crushee” and closeness in turn can sow a seed of love. How-ever, this happens in very rare cases.Crushes are infatuations. Research has shown that 90% of crush-initiated relationships don’t last, only a few lead to a long lasting relationship.

“DONT BE CLOSE TO PEOPLE YOU CRUSH BUT BE CLOSE TO PEOPL E TO LOVE.”

Be Wise!!!

- Your “negative” feelings are expressions of your unmet emo-tional needs

- Each negative feeling has a positive value

- Awareness of your feelings increases self-knowledge. Self-knowledge aids self-improvement.

- Actions and behavior are mo-tivated by feelings. We can often choose how we respond to an emo-tion. Remembering this helps us feel in control, which is empowering. Taking responsibility for meeting our own needs is also empowering

Should we let fate decide in matters of relationship?

Useful Things to Remember

Message from E-boy

e-Times February14 - March 31 13

Bronchitis is an inflam-mation of the large

bronchi (medium-sized airways) in the lungs. It can progress to pneumonia. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses or bacteria and may last several days or weeks. Acute bronchitis is characterized by cough and sputum (phlegm) production and symptoms related to the obstruc-tion of the airways by the in-flamed airways and the phlegm, such as shortness of breath and wheezing. Diagnosis is by clini-cal examination and sometimes microbiological examination of the phlegm. Treatment may be with antibiotics (if a bacterial in-fection is suspected), bronchodi-lators (to relieve breathlessness) and other treatments.

• Cause/etiologyAcute bronchitis can be

caused by contagious patho-gens. In about half of instances of acute bronchitis a bacterial or viral pathogen is identified. Typical viruses include respira-tory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, influenza, and others.

Acute bronchitis can also result from breathing irritating fumes, such as those of tobacco smoke, or breathing polluted air (from unwashed bed linens for example).

Signs and symptomsBronchitis may be indicated

by an expectorating cough, short-ness of breath (dyspnea) and wheezing. Occasionally chest pains, fever, and fatigue or ma-

Acute bronchitislaise may also occur. Addition-ally, Bronchitis caused by Ad-enoviridae may cause systemic and gastrointestinal symptoms as well. However the coughs due to bronchitis can continue for up to three weeks or more even af-ter all other symptoms have sub-sided.

DiagnosisA physical examination will

often reveal decreased inten-sity of breath sounds, wheezing, rhonchi and prolonged expira-tion. Most doctors rely on the presence of a persistent dry or wet cough as evidence of bron-chitis.

A variety of tests may be performed in patients present-ing with cough and shortness of breath:

• A chest X-ray that reveals hyperinflation; collapse and con-solidation of lung areas would support a diagnosis of pneumo-nia. Some conditions that predis-pose to bronchitis may be indi-cated by chest radiography.

• A sputum sample show-ing neutrophil granulocytes (in-flammatory white blood cells) and culture showing that has pathogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus spp.

• A blood test would indi-cate inflammation (as indicated by a raised white blood cell count and elevated C-reactive protein).

• Neutrophils infiltrate the lung tissue, aided by damage to the airways caused by irritation.

• Damage caused by ir-

ritation of the airways leads to inflammation and leads to neu-trophils being present.

• Mucosal hypersecretion is promoted by a substance re-leased by neutrophils.

• Further obstruction to the airways is caused by more goblet cells in the small airways. This is typical of chronic bronchitis.

• Although infection is not the reason or cause of chronic bronchitis it is seen to aid in sus-taining the bronchitis.

TreatmentAntibiotics

In most cases, acute bron-chitis is caused by viruses, not bacteria, and will go away on its own without antibiotics. To treat acute bronchitis that appears to be caused by a bacterial infec-tion, or as a precaution, antibiot-ics may be given. Also, a meta-analysis found that antibiotics may reduce symptoms by one-half day.

Smoking cessationMany physicians recom-

mend that to help the bronchial tree heal faster and not make bronchitis worse, smokers should quit smoking completely to allow their lungs to recover from the layer of tar that builds up over time.

AntihistaminesUsing over-the-counter an-

tihistamines may be harmful in the self-treatment of bronchitis.

An effect of antihistamines is to thicken mucus secretions.

HEALTH

e-Times February14 - March 31 14

Expelling infected mucus via coughing can be beneficial in recovering from bronchitis. Ex-pulsion of the mucus may be hindered if it is thickened. An-tihistamines can help bacteria to persist and multiply in the lungs by increasing its residence time in a warm, moist environment of thickened mucus.

Using antihistamines along with an expectorant cough syrup may be doubly harmful encour-aging the production of mucus and then thickening that which is produced. Using an expecto-rant cough syrup alone might be useful in flushing bacteria from the lungs. Using an anti-histamine along with it works

against the intention of using the expectorant.

PrognosisAcute bronchitis usually

lasts a few days. It may accom-pany or closely follow a cold or the flu, or may occur on its own. Bronchitis usually begins with a dry cough, including waking the sufferer at night. After a few days it progresses to a wetter or productive cough, which may be accompanied by fever, fatigue, and headache. The fever, fatigue, and malaise may last only a few days; but the wet cough may last up to several weeks.

Should the cough last long-er than a month, some doctors may issue a referral to an otorhi-

nolaryngologist (ear, nose and throat doctor) to see if a condition other than bronchitis is causing the irritation. It is possible that having irritated bronchial tubes for as long as a few months may inspire asthmatic conditions in some patients.

In addition, if one starts coughing mucus tinged with blood, one should see a doctor. In rare cases, doctors may con-duct tests to see if the cause is a serious condition such as tuber-culosis or lung cancer.

Acute bronchitis may lead to pneumonia

1. Open your window for proper fresh ventilation2. Lower the heat in your room/house Dry air of an overheated room provides the prefect environment for cold to thrive. And

when your mucous membrane (i.e. nose, mouth and tonsils) dry out, they can’t trap these germs very well.

3. Take a garlic supplement everyday4. Change or wash your hand towels every 3-4 days5. Sneeze and cough into a tissue6. Wash your hands regularly7. Use hands drying strategy in public restrooms: studies find a shocking large percentage

of people fail to wash their hands after using a public restroom. And every single one of them touches the door handle on the way out. So after washing your hands use paper towel to turn off the faucet and open the door.

8. Use your knuckle to rub your eyes . Its less likely to be contaminated with viruses than your finger tip. This is particularly important because the eye provides a perfect entry point for germs and the average person rubs his eyes or scratches his face 20-50 times a day. (“Ruben Jordan”, the makers diet)

9. Do not pressure your doctor for antibiotics. Colds and flu are causes by viruses, so anti-biotics designed to kill bacteria won’t do a thing.

Courtesy: www.readersdigest.com

Tips on How to Prevent Flu

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Austria heinz FischerBangladesh Lajuddin AhmedCameroon Paul BiyaCanada Stephen harperChina hu JintaoCosta rica oscar Arias Sanchezd.r Congo Joseph Kabilaegypt hosni mubarakGhana John Atta millsFrance Nicolas SarkozyGermany horst KohlerGuinea Lansana Conte’hungary Laszlo Solyomindia Pratibha devisingh Patiliran mahmoud Ahmadinejadireland mary mcAleeseitaly Giorgio NapolitanoJapan Akihito (heisei)Kuwait Sabah Al Ahmad Al Jabir Al SabahLibya muftah muhammadmalaysia Abdullah Ahmad Badawi

Nepal Girija Prasad KoiralaNigeria Umaru musa Yar’AduaPakistan Pervez musharrafPeru Alan Garcia Perezrussia dmitry medvedevSlovakia ivan GasparovicSouth Africa Kgalema motlantheSpain Juan Carlos iTansania Jakaya KikweteThailand Bhumibol Adulyadej (rama iX)Uganda Yoweri museveniUkraine Viktor YushchenkoUnited Kingdomof Great Britain And Northern ireland United States Barack obama of America Vietnam Nguyen minh TrietZambia rupiah BandaZimbabwe robert Gabriel mugabe

RULERS OF OUR WORLD

Tuesday February 24 19:45 Atletico Madrid v Porto 19:45 Lyon v Barcelona 19:45 Arsenal v Roma 19:45 Internazionale v Manchester United

Wednesday February 25 19:45 Villarreal v Panathinaikos 19:45 Real Madrid v Liverpool 19:45 Sporting v Bayern 19:45 Chelsea v Juventus

Tuesday March 10 19:45 Panathinaikos v Villarreal 19:45 Liverpool v Real Madrid 19:45 Bayern v Sporting 19:45 Juventus v Chelsea

Wednesday March 11 19:45 Porto v Atletico Madrid 19:45 Barcelona v Lyon 19:45 Roma v Arsenal 19:45 Manchester United v Internazionale

elizabeth ii

UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE DRAW

The Thanks Giving ServiceDuring the annual thanksgiving of a church, everyone was asked at the offering to drop an amount

in proportion to the beauty or good looking of his wife. But a man sitting at the extreme of the church looked thrice at his wife and then kissed her. When it was his turn to make the offer, he looked at his wife once again and then removed a one hryvnia note and reluctantly dropped it into the box.

The pastor now asked, “Young man, others are dropping a thousand hryvnia, five thousand and even signing checks, how come you gave that little?” The man replied, “but we were asked to drop according to the beauty of our wives.” The pastor answered, “Yes, and where is your wife?” The man pointed at her with his face off. The pastor seeing her now said: “Oh! Sorry, please take your 75 ku-pecks change and remain blessed.”

The FuneralA priest was giving a funeral oration. The body of Mr. Smith lay in the coffin. “My dear friends” he said, “Here lies the body of a good man. He loved his wife very much. Dur-

ing his life time he never looked at another woman………”There upon Mrs. Smith tapped her little son and said, “Junior, go and see if the body in the coffin

is really daddy’s.”

Jokes

ACROSS4. vexation5. someone you live to be with6. emotion channels7. a difficult problem 8. attraction at first sight10. feeling of excitement12. state of the mind14. two people on one “ship”15. to touch or caress with the lips16. without companions17. a jealous attitude18. expression of happiness

DOWN1. strong feeling 2. the condition of feeling sad or despondent.3. a city in Ukraine5. caught unawares9. a favored male companion or sweetheart.11. to feel scared13. to be anxious

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