Yonghwan Kim

The potential for using rainwater to provide safe drinking water in rural areas:

a case study of Cukhe Village, Vietnam

Water Safety Conference 2010

Contents

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

1 Introduction

2

3

4

Installation

Conclusion

Suggestion

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

“Rain For All” ActivityObject Demo project for Sustainable water management in Asia

Site & Period Cukhe village in Vietnam, 16th Jan. 2010 ~ 26th Jan. 2010

Participants 14 students from Seoul National University & Hanoi University

RWH installation with local people & Curtural exchange between Korea and Vietnam

Cukhe Village

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

Cukhe Village

Hanoi, Vietnam

12km

Poor village in rural areaNo centralized Water supply 3 water resources - Surface water, Ground water, Rainwater

Nhue river

Surface water

Pollution from domestic sewage

Ground water

Arsenic contaminated

Potential of Rainwater

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

Temperature pH Turbidity EC As Cd Cu Fe(℃) (NTU) (mg/L)

Average 19.4 7.195 2.36 99 0 0 0.010 0.032

Standard6.5-8.5

2 0.05 1 0.3

Ni Pb Zn SO4 NO2 Br NO3 PO4

(mg/L)Average 0 0.004 0.097 2.238 1.04 0 1.862 0Standard 0.02 0.01 3 3Except for turbidity, all the chemical substances tested satisfy the

Vietnam water quality standards.→ We can drink rainwater after boiling.

Quality

Quantity

Abundant annual rainfall : 1,633 mm (Global average : 880 mm)

Sustainability of RWH

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

Environment

Social Economy

Sustainable

Traditional water supply option

Half of households already using RWH

Low installing & maintaining cost

Require low energy

Low effect on environment

No chemical added to rainwater

Object

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

RWH has potential for drinking RWH has potential for drinking waterwater supply alternative supply alternative

•To check problems in existing RWHTo check problems in existing RWH

•To suggest To suggest technical improvement technical improvement forfor water quality water quality treatmenttreatment

•To confirm To confirm quantitative feasibilityquantitative feasibility of RWH system of RWH system

Promote RWH as a major drinking water supply Promote RWH as a major drinking water supply

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

Existing Rainwater Tank

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

Catchment

Storage tank

Gutter

Pipe

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

Without filtering system → Containing many particles Unsealed Rainwater Tank → Exposed to dust, sunlight, and insect Water shortage during dry season

Existing Rainwater Tank

Quality treatment

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

Filter Sedimentation tank

Catchment

Storage tank Plastic material designed for drinking purposes Isolating rainwater from external environment → Long term storage is possible

Polyethylene

Portable Catchment (3m(w) × 3m(l))

Asbestos- Harmful material

0.5mm sieve

Removing large particlessuch as leaves

Calm-inlet pipe → Preventing disturbance of settled part icle → Reducing kinetic energyRemoving small particles

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

Quality treatment

Case 2. Portable catchmentCase 1. Roof catchment

Catchment area : 21 m 2

Tank capacity : 2 tCatchment area : 9 m 2

Tank capacity : 2 t

Quantity management

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

Rainwater Ground water

Separate use of drinking water and domestic water

Sufficient capacity storage tankConcerning precipitation and demand : Capacity → 2t

Water for domestic use such as wash, shower, cleaning

Water for drinking and cooking

Collecting area

Volume of tank

Availabledemand

Number of cycles.

Availabledays

(m2) (t) (l/day) (days)

Case1 21 2 20 3.5 350

Case2 9 2 15 2.6 347

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

1. Existing rainwater tank satisfy quality except for turbidity. There is quantity problem in dry season.

2. Installing RWH with proper catchment, filter and sedimentation tank improves water turbidity. Residents feel safe drinking rainwater after boiling.

3. Using rainwater only for drinking and cooking make it possible to supply rainwater throughout the year.

4. RWHs can play an important role in providing a sustainable water resource and resolving water problem over the world

Conclusion

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

Hailuu elementary school

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

One Company One Rainwater Tank

5,000 USD From company

Technical assistance

Made by local people

Bottled water for each class(780 USD per year)

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

First user is best user

Let’s make world that everyone feel happy

Water Safety ConferenceNovember 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia