Health and diseasesWorld Health Organization of United nation established in 1945.According to WHO (1948) "Health" is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity. So health can be defined as,"A state of body when all the organs and systems are functioning properly and a perfect balance is maintained between the environment and the body."Types of diseases1. Congenital diseases:-A. diseases caused by gene mutation like hemophilia , co lour blindness , sickle cell anemia etc.B. diseases caused by chromosomal aberrations like various types of syndromes etc.2. Acquired diseases :- this diseases occur after birth any time in

life of a person. This are not inheritable . a. communicable diseases – This diseases are transmitted from an

infected person to healthy person depending upon the causative agents, this diseases are also of various types like bacterial diseases , protozoa diseases , viral diseases, helminth diseases, fungal diseases , ricketsial diseases etc. These are also of various types like tuberculosis, cholera , malaria, sleeping sickness , kalazar ring warm ,

Diphtheria , tetanus, typhoid ,etc are various examples of communicable diseases .

Modes of transmissionA. Communicable diseases

contagious and non-contagious diseases-These diseases transmit from infected person to healthy person

from birth or through air, water or food.B. Non communicable diseases communicable diseases- 1.Mostly

theses diseases are deficiency diseases caused by the deficiency of nutrients or hormones.

2. Generative diseases3. Allergic diseases4. Cancerous diseasesDisease causing agents:-

1. Biological agents2. Chemical agents3. Nutritive agents4. physical agents5. Mechanical agents etc.

Now let us start with the topic of Yoga , Meditation, and Ayurveda

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Yoga , Meditation and Ayurveda An old man a short of public figure when

once asked about the secret of his health ! who was more then Eighty and was still going strong with life full of zest you know what he replied ? Yoga , Meditation, a little drink and a little sex as well. This keeps one going on and on. For many of us Yoga and meditation, yes are OK, but to talk about remaining two things is TALOO. But it was never so in the good order days .In many of our countries old temples, we find a proof of this painting figure of a beautiful woman and a man ,depicting a life full of lust , emotions and desire . The royals had their harems and in their Durbars along with music, dance wines used to flow in abundance.

In some of modern days medicines as well as in Ayurveda Medicines such substances are freely used. They are not harmful ;perhaps useful. But it is not an intention here to propagate the usefulness of such items . The emphasis is on yoga and meditation must from a part of your daily life routine ; it will be pertinent to know what the Japanese people think about it. Japanese are very hard working people and in their quest for more production and progress, they even neglect their private life and the stress they go through disturb them physically as well as mentally. They have found meditation keeps them away from stressful life. Even Americans and people from Europe also adopting these two with enthusiasm.

HOW YOGA HELPS YOU--------------------------------------------?

It keeps you healthy. Your face, skin, hair all glows. You feels always fit and fine. You remain always away from diseases and disorders.

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Many Gurus from India have propagated Yoga in different countries and some of them have certainly succeeded with many followers to toe their line. Many celebrities in different fields of activities , in the world have now taken to yoga with all the seriousness because they know it is very effective , it does control many diseases that have no remedies in the allopathic system of medicines. Yoga , meditation along with Ayurved are our precious possessions. It is a gift to us from our forefathers and all the people in this land with their different attires varied food habits, even totally different cultural and social learning’s, Geographical back grounds are all for ayurved . Yoga and meditation. WHAT IS MEDITATION----------------------------------------------?There is nothing mystic about it, it is very simple. You have only to imbibe the art of controlling yourself. You can do it while working , playing , going through your daily chores. Japanese while at work

snatch a few moments and go through the process of meditation. Because of stresses and the disturbed family life many Japanese were found with suicide tendencies . Meditation have taught them to conquer these frailties in life.

Students who can not handle anxiety, fear of failure do develop suicidal tendencies . Some of them do commit the act of suicide . It is now found if they learn the art of meditation , they can overcome the fear of failure accepting it as a part of struggle in life and move on. In short make Yoga ,meditation and Ayurved inseparable part of your life and you will have a long and healthy life.

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FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS ORGANS AND THEIR CLINCAL ASSESSMENT

LIVER:-The liver plays a vital metabolic process of the body. These processes can be broadly classified as synthesis, storage and excretion. The liver synthesizes a variety of compounds Albumin Fibrinogen, Urea, uric acid, prothombin , lipoprotein transferrin Glycoprotein, hip uric acid , Cholesterol and other lipids. Glucose remains stored in liver as glycogen and is returned to the blood circulation when the glucose level depletes. Other than glycogen , the liver stores fat- soluble- vitamins (A,D,E,K) and vitamin B12. the excretory and detoxifying functions of the liver are indent from the process of removal of free bilirubin is conjugated in the liver and excreted as bile pigment in to the intestine. Many other toxic substances are similarly removed from blood circulation through the bile duct : many of these substances are insoluble in water and hence can not follow the kidney rout. Jaundice , Hepatitis,cirhosis, fatty liver , infection and Amyloidal condition are some of the pathologic conditions of the liver.KIDNEY:-The primary function of the kidney is to filter blood but it also reabsorbs the essential ingredients from the filtrate which results in urine formation. Thus kidney is closely related to the maintenance of the homeostasis of the body . Renal failure is diagnosed by the increased level of serum creatinine , urea and uric acid. The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GMR) for creatinine clearance is a reliable index to assess kidney diseases.HEART:- The heart important organ of the body and is the center of the circulatory system. Heart diseases are caused by a number agents. The Clinical Chemistry Laboratory assesses condition of the heart through enzyme assays of the creatine kinase and lactic- de- hydrogenase isoenzyme.

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PANCREAS:- The pancreas releases digestive enzymes in to the digestive system. This is referred to as external secretion . The pancreas also secrets insulin an endocrine hormone, from the islets of Laugerhans which are tiny isolated masses of duct less glands located in the pancreas. This secretion is referred to as internal secretion. Thus the pancreas has both an external and an internal secretion. A pathology state of the pancreas is diagnosed in the laboratory by the assay of digestive enzymes in the serum and in urine.ENDOCRINE GLANDS :- Endocrine glands are ductless glands produce internal secretion or hormones which acts as chemical massagers. The brain hypothalamus and pituitary acts in concerto control the body functions through the mediation of several target organs.The target organs are triggered by the hormones released by the conductors of the orchestra the brain, the hypothalamus and the pitutary.Hormones are mostly steroids proteins and amines. They regulate the interdependent metabolic process of the body and its overall development. The later includes the reproductive system. Personality ability to meet conditions of stress and the resistance to disease. Insulin plays an important role in the carbohydrate metabolism and its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia (increased glucose concentration in the blood) and glucosuria (glucose excretion from urine)THYROID HORMONES :- tri- iodo -thryonine or t3 or thyroxine or t4 are intimately connected with the carbohydrate metabolism of the body and regulate several other metabolic processes.LUNGS :- the lungs governs the gaseous exchange in the body. It supplies oxygen to remote cells of the body and to remove carbon-di-oxide produced in the cells during the metabolic processes. Hemoglobin acts as a carrier of these gases i.e.CO2 and O2 between the lungs and the cells . The pathologic states of the respiratory acidosis and alkalosis originates from the fluctuation of

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the partial pressure of the carbon -di -oxide in blood , metabolic acidosis and alkalosis on the other hand , are governed by the serum bicarborate level which is regulated by kidney.BRAIN:-the brain is the primary centre for regulating and coordinating various activities if the body. Pathologic stats of the brain (infection tumor hemorrhage) can be assessed from the laboratory study of cebral spinal fluid(CSF) and by other methods. ANATOMY AND PHSYIOLOGY :-

1. The cells and the tissues of the body2. the skeleton3. the joint or articulation4. the muscular system the blood5. electrolytes , acid-base balance and body fluids 6. the circulatory system7. the lymphatic system8. the respiratory system 9. the urinary system10. the skin11. the nervous system12. the special senses13. the endocrine system or system of duct less glands 14. the reproductive system.

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YAMA AND NIYAMAThere are eight principle parts or limbs of Yoga namely

1. Yama2. Niyama3. Asna4. Pranayama5. Pratyahara6. Dharna7. Dhyana and 8. Samadhi

a. Yama and b. niyama are primary limbs of Yoga. Yama means the rules to be observed by the yoga aspirant while living in the society. Niyama means the observance which prove helpful in personal development.

Man is a social animal. He is an integral part of the society. When man maintains contacts with others, the desirable traits such as love ,friendship ,coordination , helpfulness etc are fostered. At the same time, however undesirable traits such as abnormal sex, urge , anger, greed ,excessive pride , lust , hatred jealousy kleptomania etc. influences his mind. Therefore his mental , emotional and physical stability deteriorate and he loses both his spiritual as well as his physical happiness. In Patanjali’s yog dashana five types of yamas are given 1. Ahimsa i.e. non violence 2. Satya i.e. truthfulness3. Asteya4. Brahmacharya5. Aprigraha

Five types of Niyama1. Shoucha i.e. purity2. Santosh means being satisfied

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3. Tapa i.e. hard work4. Swadhyaya i.e. self study 5. Ishwar pranidhan means serenading oneself before an

omnipotent power. (Omnipotent power or Ishwar described in yoga is not a particular god or image but the basic fundamental principle behind the cosmic energy at the time of creation of the Universe and the power controlling and balancing creation, giving it stability and capable of destroying it like zero has by itself no value but a digit put before it gives the whole a value.)

c. Asna means a steady and pleasurable psych-somatic posed. Pranayama means the lengthening of the period between inhalation and exhalation and also disciplining the entire process of respiration.e. Pratyahara means withdrawal of senses. In pratyahara mind is turned inwards.f. Dharna in this mind is fixed or directed towards a single objectg. Dhyana means meditation i.e. unbroken flow on that particular objecth.Samadhi means self realization or complete absorption which is the ultimate aim of Yoga in which the mind reaches the highest bliss.

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HEALTH THROUGH YOGAOne can become healthy by performing different asnas. There are more than 100 yogasana and pranayamas are in practice. This not practically possible to practice all 100 types of yogasanas for a person. So here a I am giving a list of some common yogasanas and pranayamas which helps a person to a perfect health.a.ASNAS

1. Shavasana or chaitanyasana - the copse pose or the rejuvenating pose

2. Swastikasana - the swastika pose3. Vajrasana - the thunderbolt pose4. Padmasana - the lotus pose5. Shwasana Marga shuddhi -the nasal cleaning process6. Marjasana - the cat pose7. Bhujangasana – the cobra pose 8. Shalabhasana- the locust pose9. Dhanurasna- the bow pose10. Naukasana- the boat pose11. Supta Vajrasana- the supine thunderbolt pose12. Matsyasana-the fish pose 13. Halasana- the plough pose14. Paschimatanasana- the posterior stretch pose 15. Yoga Mudra- the symbol of yoga 16. Pavan Muktasana-the wind free pose17. Vakrasana- the spinal twist pose18. Sulabh Matsyendrasana- the easy matsyendra pose19. Parivartita Chakrasana- the adapted wheel pose20. Tadasana- the palm tree pose 21. Parvatasana- the mountain pose22. Mayurasana- the peacock pose23. Jivha Bandha- the tongue lock24. Simha Mudra-the symbol of lion25. Brahma Mudra- the symbol of lion

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26. Viprita Karani Mudra-the inverted body symbol27. Sarvangasana-the pan- body pose or shoulder stand

pose 28. Shirshasana-the head stand pose29. Uddiyan Bandha-the diaphragm lock30. Makarasana-the crocodile pose

b.NAULIc.PRANAYAMA:-Common types of pranayamaa. Kapalbhatib. Anuloma- vilomac.Ujjayid.Bhastrikae. Bhramarif. sheetalig. sheetkariNow lets discuss the different types of yogasanas in detail to understand the procedure of performance and the possible of the particular asna on the body.

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1.Shawasana( the corpse pose i.e. the rejuvenating pose)

Performing Shawasana means to adopt a corpse like posturei.e. to lie still on the back and fixing the mind on breathing , a sound , a sight , a fragrance, a touch or a concept to provide relaxation to body and mind. Shawasna means sleeping on the ground motionless like a corpse. In this lie on the back , keep the legs 30 to 45 cm apart and hands 20 to 30 cm away from the body . Now close your eyes and now by feeling . picturing and observing mentally be conscious of the entire body part by part. Start feeling from the toes of your right leg groin part by part the legs, the hands , the abdomen, chest and throat . head and than backside also. Finally feel , think and mentally observe the entire body. Now by using ones imagination and will one has to attain relaxation During shawasana breathing becomes slow. For realizing the asna slowly open your eyes a little and make the mind alert and feel the heaviness of your body. Maintain this for 30 minutes.Benefits It relaxes the body and mind becomes fresh and efficient, good for heart patients and totally for to remove physical and mental stress.

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2.Swastikasana(The swastika pose)

While Performing swastikasana legs affords a pleasurable feeling. Concentration, meditation and mental activities can be comfortably

done in this pose. Sit on the flour with the legs out stretched at some distance. Now fold the right leg at the knee joint. Taking support of the hands , place the right sole touching the inner side of the left thigh. Place the right heel near to the left groin. Then remove the hands and place the palms on respective knee. With the help of both the hands, bring the left sole near the right thigh and insert the outer portion of the left sole between the right calf muscle and inner side of the right thigh. Fix it firmly in that position. In this position keep the vertebral column straight in a natural manner. The back , neck and the head should be in one line, and your shoulder bones nearer to each other. Look straight ahead and keep the palms in DRONE, PADMA or DYANA MUDRA. Keep the breathing normal and natural. And eye closed, practice differential relaxation consciously and than fix the mind on breathing . for realizing the asana first release the hands and straighten out the legs. BenefitsA good pose for meditation. This asana prepares one for Padmasana , Siddhasana and other sitting postures. It improves the blood circulation in the legs and helps to calm the mind.

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3.Vajrasana(The thunderbolt pose)

In this pose the position of the legs is firm like the VAJRA the weapon of Indra . In sanskrit Vajra means the genitals ,as this asana is practiced for the benefits of the sex organs and the lower abdominal area. i.e. the reason why the name Vajrasana is given.For preparing the body for the Vajrasana it is advised to practice Shwanasana or the dog pose and than start practicing Vajrasana . But it is not necessarily to be done. For performing Vajrasana proper, sit on the flour in a comfortable position with the legs stretched out, and keep the hands by side of the body. keep the legs together and the palms near the buttocks. Fold the right leg at the knee and place the foot below the right buttock smartly and practice this a few days and then keeps the left leg also below the left buttock., hold both the soles in both the hands. Keep the spine erect in its natural position and palm on the thighs near the knee joints. This is the final position of the Vajrasana . When you sit in such position , your breathing automatically becomes slow, steady and deep. Drop the eyelids shut and fix the mind on the breathing but not forcefully. For releasing the asana open the eyes and remove the palms and place them on the flour near the buttocks and then slowly straighten out both the legs.BenefitsIt improves the blood circulation in the lower abdominal region and maintains the health of genital organs. Etc.

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4. Padmasana( the lotus pose )

In Padmasana , the positioning of the legs and hands in such that the feet resting on the groins and the palms kept near the knee joints or on the heels resemble the petal of a lotus and hence the asna known as Padmasana or Kamlasana. Sit on the flour in a comfortable pose with legs stretched out , keeping the hands by the side of the body on the flour or on the thighs. Keep the heels, toes and the knees together. Next fold the right leg at the knee and bring the folded knee towards the chest, let the calf touch the thigh. Then holding the right heel in the right palm and holding the toe end of the foot in the left palm, bring the folded knee joint towards the floor. Do same with your left leg. Make the sole face upward gentally. Form the dyana mudra with the hands and place the hands on the knees with the palms facing upwards. This is the final stage of the padmasana with dyana mudra. Keep your breathing normal. For releasing the asana firstly free the hands and with the help of the hands take off the legs and straighten out the legs. Benefits The joints of the ankle becomes flexible. It steadies the mind . improves the blood circulation in the abdominal and lower abdominal regions. This asana is considered excellent for meditation.

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5. Shwasana –Marga shuddhi(the nasal cleaning process)

A process similar to sneezing or blowing the nose is involved in Shwasana- Marga Shuddhi ; however this process is done consciously, systematically and in a disciplined manner . In result the air passage is cleaned. Thus the entire air passage is is made free from the movement of air. This helps the body to perform all its functions more efficiently. Deep breathing and exhalation techniques are also involved in the process. After cleaning the nose and throat , sit in ardha padmasana , padmasana , or Vajrasana with holding the knees firmly with Drona Mudra and keep the back straight. Firstly close the right nostril with the right thumb. Close the remaining four fingers as in fist. Relax the entire abdomen and chest . with the sudden contraction of the abdomen and the chest, expel the air from the left nostril. Owing to the fiction a sound is produced. Next immediately relax the abdomen and the chest and let the air come in by it self. Again do the same procedure 5 to 10 times. Now perform the same procedure with your left nostril and expel the air through the right nostril. Now keep the hands in the starting position and keep both nostril free. Again expel the air with sudden contraction and let the air come in . repeat the same for 5 to 10 times. This constitute one round. Practice 3 to 5 rounds daily. You can 10-10 expulsion then after. Keep the eyes closed fix attention on the expulsion of the air.Benefits Asthma and other respiratory problems reduces. Cleanses the respiratory tract and increases the efficiency of respiratory tract and breathing. Prevents the growth of nasal bone.

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6. Marjarasana( the cat pose)

The cat is called Marjara in Sanskrit. In the Marjarasana postures the body resembles a cat stretching its body once giving a forward bend and then backward bend to the torso. Hence the name is given. Sit on your hunches with the knees and toes on the ground. Keep the palms on the flour with a distance equal to the width of back. Keep the distance between the palms and the knees equal to the length of the torso. Turn the toes as in Vajrasana. Relax the muscles in the trunk region and let them go down. At the same time let the head and neck curve back ward as far as possible . relax the stomach and close the eyes. Keep the mind in Pranadharana. Maintain it according to the capacity. This is the cat pose A. Now for attaining the B pose open the eyes. Move the palms towards the knees about 10 to 15 cms . Curve the back up so that it shapes like arch. Relax the neck and hang the head down. Drawing the chin towards the chest and relaxing the abdomen do pranadharana. This is the pose B. Maintain it according to capacity. Keep the breathing normal throughout. Keep closed the eyes and attention on pranadharana. Benefits The spine becomes more flexible and healthy. Improves the health of organs in torso. Gives relief in backache and neck ache. Makes the mind fresh and corrects the functional defects of back and spine.

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7. Bhujangasana( the cobra pose)

In Bhujangasana the portion of the body from the toes ro the umbilicus is on the flour and the portion of the body from the waist to head is raised with the help of the back muscles. Hence the raised portion of the body looks like the raised hood of a cobra. Hence the asana is known as Bhujangasana or the snake pose.It includes poorva and sulabha bhujangasana in preparatory phase.

Lie down on the ground on the chest. Keep the hands by side of the body. Let the face be turned on either side. Keep the legs in comfortable position. Now bring the knees , toes and heels together. Keep the forehead on the ground. Fold the arms at the elbow and place the palms on the flour. Bring the elbows closer to each other. Then raise the head upwards and backwards as much as possible. Then raise the torso and take it much to the back. Maintain it according to the capacity. Keep breathing normal, eyes closed and do pranadharana. Now relax the muscles of the back and slowly return to the initial position. Perform 3 to 5 rounds daily.

Benefits It improves the respiratory, digestive and excretory processes, and

blood circulation in vertebral region .

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8. Shalabhasana(the locust pose)

Shalabhasana in Sanskrit means a grasshopper. When the grass hopper sits on the ground, its tail like hind part is raised. In this asana also the raised legs looks like the raised tail like part of the grasshopper. Hence the name is given. Let down on the chest. Now by keeping both the legs together and both hands near to the body. Now by contracting the muscles of the waist and the lower abdomen and on their strength raise both the legs together to the height possible and maintain the final posture for 3 to 5 breaths . maintain normal breathing . close the eyes and do pranadharana. Now relax the muscle of the waist and slowly bring down the legs.BenefitsThe muscles of the lower abdomen and waist are srenghthen. Troubles like sprain in the waist or stiffness of the waist do not occure. Good for sciatica.

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9.Dhanurasana( the bow pose)

In the final stage of the Dhanurasana, the body from head to knees gets the backward bend like a bow. Therefore this asana has got the name Dhanurasana. Lie down on the chest. Keep the hands by side of the body. Now fold the knees and heels close to the buttock. Now hold the ankles with the hands keeping thumb inside. Obtain a firm hold of the palms on the ankles. Now start taking the legs backward but due to the firm hold of palms on the legs , the legs also pulled backwards. Then raise the clasped legs as high as possible so the upper portion of the body also pulled. The entire weight of the body then be on the curved navel region. This is the final stage of the asana .During the asana you will find that breath is hold unknowingly but ensure that the breathing goes on normally. Close the eyes and do pranadharana. Now Slowly relax the body and allow it to come down slowly. Now try to return in the starting position. Maintain this asana for 3to 5 breaths and 3 to 5 rounds. BenefitsThe spinal column and the vertebral muscles becomes flexible and strong and the blood circulation their in is improved and also respiration .the fat deposit in the abdomen also diminished. Good for constipation, indigestion and gas trouble.

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10.Naukasana(the boat pose)

Nauka in Sanskrit means a boat. Since in this asana the hands as well as the legs are raised, the body assumes the form of a boat, hence the name naukasana is given. Lie on the floor on the chest. Now fold the hands at the elbows and keep the palms by the side of the chest. Slide the palms and straighten the arms. Now start slowly and gracefully contracting the muscles of the buttock , waist and neck . when the upper and lower portion of the body have been raised to optimum height, the body assumes the form of a boat. This is final stage. Maintain it for 3 to 5 breaths. Keep the breathing normal , close the eyes and do pranadharana. Now for realizing the asana slightly relax the waist muscles and allow the body to attain the initial stage. Relax the legs and hands. Daily practice 3 rounds of 3 to 5 breaths.BenefitsAsana helps to reduce the fat deposit in the abdomen region and improves its health. It is useful preventive against ache in the back , waist and hips. Improves the health of spinal column.

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