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Yesterday... • We established the Andes as a continental mountain range , spanning the west coast of South America. • We looked at how people in the Andes mountains adapt and live at high altitudes. • We also compared the four climate zones of the Andes: tierra helado, tierra fria, tierra templada, and tierra caliente.

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Yesterday.... We established the Andes as a continental mountain range , spanning the west coast of South America. We looked at how people in the Andes mountains adapt and live at high altitudes. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Yesterday

Yesterday...

• We established the Andes as a continental mountain range, spanning the west coast of South America.

• We looked at how people in the Andes mountains adapt and live at high altitudes.

• We also compared the four climate zones of the Andes: tierra helado, tierra fria, tierra templada, and tierra caliente.

Page 2: Yesterday

YESTERDAY’s Geo-Question: What are the different

climate zones of the Andes mountains? How

does each affect life?

Page 3: Yesterday

Today’s Geo-Question: How do people adapt to living in a mountainous region? What are some unique features of the

Andes Mountains?

Page 4: Yesterday

La Paz, Bolivia: Mountain City

• La Paz is the highest big city in the world. It is located at 12,000 feet in the heart of the Andes Mountains.

Page 5: Yesterday

Some More Flash Facts

• The Andes are the longest mountain range in the world, running the length of South America’s western coast. – They’re also the second highest, next to the

Himalayas. • Lake Titicaca is the largest fresh water lake in

South America.

Page 6: Yesterday

Getting deeper into the question:How do people economically

adapt to living in a mountainous region?

Turn and talk.

Page 7: Yesterday

One way economic adaptation: Vertical trade

• vertical trading: the trading of crops between lowland and highland areas.

• But who trades what and why?

Page 8: Yesterday

Commercial Crops in the Andes

• Tierra Helada: Quinoa, potatoes. Few other crops.

• Tierra Fria: wheat, barley, corn, apples, and pears. (terracing)

• Tierra Templada: bananas, oranges (low levels); corn, beans. Main crop: coffee.

• Tierra Caliente: sugar cane, bananas, rice, oranges, tomatoes.

Page 9: Yesterday

Where is the snow line in the Andes?

• At the upper edge of the tierra helado (the top elevation zone), is the snow line of the Andes.

• The snow line is where permanent ice and snow begin. Above this level, snow stays on the ground year-round.

Page 10: Yesterday

Vertical trading: BOTTOM UP

• Lowland farmers trade bananas, oranges, and tomatoes up the mountains to the highland areas. – Remember, at the top of the mountain, they can’t

grow these things due to the climate.

Page 11: Yesterday

Vertical trading: TOP DOWN

• In contrast, highland farmers trade potatoes and wheat down the mountain to the lowland areas.– Remember, due to the incline, these crops are

grown on terraces.

Page 12: Yesterday
Page 13: Yesterday

On another note: Into thin air…

• Low elevations have denser air than higher elevations; there’s more oxygen in the air.

• Why? Gravity pulls air in the atmosphere down toward Earth.

• The denser the air, the more heat the air can hold. As you move higher, the air thins and holds less heat. For every 1000 ft. rise in elevation, there’s an average 3.5°F decrease in temperature.

Page 14: Yesterday

AMAZON REVIEW!

Page 15: Yesterday

How are humans changing the Amazon

rainforest? What are the consequences?

Page 16: Yesterday

Satellite Image from 1992: Red = dense rainforest

Page 17: Yesterday

Satellite Image from 2006: Red = dense rainforest

Page 18: Yesterday

MAPS!vegetation, land use & resources, elevation.

Page 19: Yesterday

Where is the Amazon Basin

again??

Page 20: Yesterday
Page 21: Yesterday

Vegetation Zones of South America

Page 22: Yesterday

Elevation in South America

Page 23: Yesterday

Land Use & Resources in South

America

Page 24: Yesterday

Amazon Basin: River & Rainforest

Page 25: Yesterday

Tropical Rainforest Levels: Floor, Lower story, & Canopy

• tropical rainforest

Page 26: Yesterday

Cause and effect

• Clear-cutting the rainforest is leading to a significant loss of biodiversity.

Page 27: Yesterday

Why is the rainforest essential to the world?

• It gives us air (oxygen)!...

• carbon-oxygen cycle: the process by which carbon and oxygen cycle (transfer back and forth) between plants, people and animals, and the environment. Think photosynthesis & respiration.

Page 28: Yesterday

There are many perspectives on the land use conflict in the Amazon.

• Geoterms – know definition and understand relevance.

• Amazon perspectives.• Andes climate zones and adaptations.• Location of major landforms in South America:

Andes Mts., Amazon Basin, Amazon River, Patagonia.

Page 29: Yesterday

Perspectives Review Activity

• Match the statements to the Amazonian group! If you finish early, choose the two groups that you most agree with and write two more statements that would match.

Page 30: Yesterday

Quiz Friday

• Geoterms – know definition and understand relevance.

• Amazon perspectives.• Andes climate zones and adaptations.• Location of major landforms in South America:

Andes Mts., Amazon Basin, Amazon River, Patagonia.