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COMMERCIAL STUDIES 7100 SCHEME OF WORK YEAR 9 [NORMAL] for SPN-21

ELEMENTS OF COMMERCE - part 1

Topic 1: PRODUCTION

Time frame: 3 weeksSUB-TOPICS OBJECTIVES SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

1. PRODUCTION

1.1 The chain in production.

Production of goods andservices to satisfy humanwants and needs.

Process of production fromprimary through secondaryto tertiary production.

Extractive, manufacturingand construction industriesand tertiary activities.

Meaning of these types ofindustries with examples.

1.2 Specialization and Division ofLabour.

Meaning and use of theterms specialization anddivision of labour.

At the end of the lessons, studentsshould be able to:

Define production.

Explain the chain in production.

Define and give examples ofthe different types of industries:-

Extractive industries.

Manufacturingindustries.

Construction industries.

Tertiary industries.

Define specialization anddivision of labour.

Describe specialization anddivision of labour by country,by region, by town, by firm andby individual.

Define the followings: -

Activity 1: Identify the stages of production

Provide a picture of different stages of production. Ask thestudents to identify each of them.

Activity 2: Satisfy the human wants

Show how the workers engaged in the production of forexamples; handbags, t-shirts watches or computers satisfyhuman wants.

Activity 3: Activities in the production process(thechain in production)

Show the stages in the production for example; making ofpapers (a chain of production for making paper). Then, linkthem with the different types of industries involve.

Activity 4: How specialization and division oflabour works?

By looking at school environment, show how the differentpeople in the school specialize at in their jobs. Examples;

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Forms of specialization; bycountry, by region, by town,by firm, by factory, byindividual.

1.3 Commerce.

Process of exchange ofgoods and services.

1.4 Trade.

Nature, purposes andimportance of trade, both athome and overseas.

1.5 Aids to trade.

Banking and finance,communications,advertising, transport,warehousing, insurance.

The relationship betweenindustry, commerce anddirect services.

Ways in which industry,commerce and directservices are inter-relatedand interdependent.

Commerce.

Trade.

Home trade.

Foreign trade.

Describe how aids to trade helptrade/business.

Explain the relationshipbetween industry, commerceand direct services.

chemistry teachers, economics teachers and historyteachers. The specialization of services.

Activity 5: Testing Ideas

Discuss together with the student how trade is important for

a country.

Activity 6: Testing Ideas

Take one or more of the aids to trade and show how forexample transport and banks assist the production ofmineral water.

Suggested places for a visit:

Kingston Beverages Company, Beribi.

Suci Mas Compay (Mineral water), Perindustrian Lambakkanan.

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Topic 2: RETAIL TRADE

Suggested time frame: 3 weeks

SUB-TOPICS OBJECTIVES SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

2. RETAIL TRADE

2.1Role of retailer in the chain ofdistribution.

Services of the retailer asthe middleman betweenmanufacturer and consumer.

Responses to changes incustomer requirements andexpectations.

2.2 Types of retailer.

Large and small; theircharacteristics, advantagesand disadvantages.

2.3Selling techniques, trends inretailing and the implicationsof e-commerce.

E.g. branding, packaging,self-service, after-salesservice, bar coding, EPOS,shopping centers, loyaltycards, implications of e-commerce in retailing.


Explain the role of retailer inthe chain of distribution.

Explain the features of bothsmall-scale retailers and large-scale retailers.

Identify the examples of small-scale and large-scale retailers.

Explain the advantages anddisadvantages of the followingretailers:-

department store.

supermarket.

mail order business.

State the reasons for thesurvival of small-scale retailersdespite the stiff competitionfrom large-scale retailers.

Recognize the sellingtechniques, trends in retailingand implications of e-commerce.

Recognize the methods of

Activity 1: Retailers Role.

Give an example of a retailer in Brunei, lets say Hua HoDepartment and show how its role in the chain ofdistribution.

For example;

1. How does Hua Ho Department Store in our countryhelps in the chain of distribution?

Activity 2: Retailers services.

Create questions to show the services of the retailer to themanufacturer as well as to the customers;.

For example;

1. A small town has the following shops;

Pertama Jaya supermarketsMum Care Sdn BhdTailor shop

(a) What are the services of these shops to thecustomers?

(b) State the services of these shops to themanufacturers.

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2.4 Home shopping.

Mail order, shopping byphone, telesales, shoppingby television, shopping oninternet.

Characteristics and reasonsfor the use of each.

2.5 Large-scale retailing.

Advantages anddisadvantages.

Effects on wholesalers, otherretailers and consumers.

Reasons for the survival ofthe small-scale retailer, e.g.personal service, openinghours, additional services.

home shopping. Activity 3: Identify the retailers.

Show some pictures of small-scale retailers (SSR) and large-scale retailers (LSR) to students, Students then, identifythem.

Or

Create some names of SSR and LSR to students. Studentsthen, identify them.

For example;

1. The following are lists of retailers:

Grocer shop, school canteen, small shops in the mall,Mother Care, Harrods Department Store and largest

Nazmi Textile Company, Kentucky Fried Chicken

Identify them into;i. Small-scale retailer ii. Large-scale retailer

Activity 4: The Survival of small-retailers.

Create some names of SSR and LSR, then, set a questionabout the survival of this SSR despite the competition fromLSR.

For example;

1. Ravy Enteprise is a small grocer shop in a village,which is about 20 km from a town. In the town, thereis a big, popular supermarket.

State and explain three factors that enable RavyEnterprise to survive in the business.

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Activity 5: Listing the advantages anddisadvantages.

Listing the important keys of the following LSR:

Supermarket

Department store Multiple chain

Activity 6: The selling techniques.

The following are the selling techniques that the retailersmight adopt in their businesses.

bar coding

after-sale services vending machines

point-of-sale advertising

For example;

1. How the following trends in retailing help theretailers in their daily business transactions.

i. bar codingii. point-of-sale advertisingiii. vending machine

Activity 7: Advantages and disadvantages ofhome shopping.

Identify and define the methods of home shopping. Discussits advantages and disadvantages for consumers.

For example;

1. Nowadays, there are many modern techniques for

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consumers to do their shopping comfortably athome. Explain two of them (with examples of goodsbeing offered).

2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of thefollowing home shopping:

i. Shopping on internetii. Shopping by televisioniii. Shopping by phone

Topic 3: WHOLESALE TRADE

Suggested time frame: 2 weeksSUB-TOPICS OBJECTIVES SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

3. WHOLESALE TRADE

3.1The role of the wholesaler inthe chain of distribution.

Different patterns of distribution.

Trends in wholesaling: forcesmaking for the elimination andthe survival of theindependent wholesaler.

3.2Functions and services of thewholesaler.

Services provided for the


Define wholesale trade andwholesaler.

Recognize the different patternsof distributing goods from themanufacturer to the finalconsumers.

Produce reasons for theelimination and the survival ofthe independent wholesalers inthe chain of distribution.

Activity 1: Wholesalers roles/services

Show the roles/services of the wholesaler to themanufacturer, to the retailer as well as to the consumers.

For example;

1. Malar Company is a wholesale trade sellingfoodstuffs and supplies to the retailers in smalltown.

(a) What are the services of Malar Compay (awholesaler) to the retailers?

(b)State the services of Malar Company to themanufacturers.

(c) Identify the services of Malar Company to the

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manufacturer, retailer,consumer.

3.3 Intermediaries.

Role of merchants andagents.

Forwarding agents.

State the functions and servicesof the wholesaler to themanufacturer, retailer andconsumer.

Define the role of broker, factorand forwarding agent.

Differentiate between a brokerand factor.

customers.

Activity 2: Recognizing the pattern ofdistributing goods

Aeroplanes, helicopters, customers own designfurniture,soft drinks, vehicles, cables, stationery,haircut, insurance services and cooking oil.

By referring to the above goods and services. Identify thechannels of distributing goods/services from themanufacturer to the final consumers.

Activity 3: Who are these agents?

Create questions to show the importance of the following

agents for exporters (for foreign trade activity):

(i) a forwarding agent(ii) broker(iii) factor

Example;

1. Why do exporters need the services of: -i. i. Forwarding agentsii. ii. Brokers

to sell their product overseas?


Malar Setia, Perindustrian Lambak Kanan

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Topic 4: DOCUMENTS OF TRADE


4. DOCUMENTS OF TRADE

4.1 Documents of home trade.

Enquiry, quotation,catalogue, price list, order,invoice, advice and deliverynote, credit note, statementof account, receipt.

Key information andpurposes of these


Identify each document used inhome trade.

Recognize the order by whichthe documents being used.

Describe the functions and keyinformation of each document.

Differentiate between cash

Activity 1: Identify the documents in correctorder.

Show the correct order of the documents in home trade.

For example;

1. The following are the documents of home trade.They are not according to the correct sequence.

o Order

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documents.

4.2 Terms of payment.

Cash and trade discounts,mark-up.

discount, trade discount andmark up.

o Letter of inquiryo Invoiceo Delivery order

(a) From the above documents, identify onedocument sent by the customer to agree to buy

the goods.

(b)Re-arrange the above documents in correctorder.

a. Activity 2: Purposes of the documents.

Show the keys and purposes of each document.

For example;

1. (a) Why does a retailer use catalogues beforebuying goods from the wholesaler?

(b) What are the purposes of the followingdocuments?

i. Invoiceii. Delivery orderiii. Statement of accountiv. Receipt

Activity 3: Cash and trade discounts.

Show the definition of cash discount and trade discount.Then, show how to obtain cash and trade discounts.

For example;

1. Miss Fonda bought several goods totaling$900. She is given 5% trade discount andanother 3% discount if she pays within 10 days.

(a)Calculate how much she would pay if she paidafter 10 days?

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(b)How much she would pay if she paid within 10days?

(c) What is the advantage of trade discount andcash discount to the consumers?

Topic 5: BANKING


5. BANKING

5.1 Banking Services


Activity 1: Recognize the bankingservices.

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Deposit, savings accounts andcurrent accounts and servicesprovided e.g. paying in-slip,bank statement.

5.2Means of payment for homeand international tradeactivities.

Cash; cheques; credittransfers; standing orders;direct debits; electronictransfers; documentarycredits; bank drafts; debitcards; credit cards.

Purposes of each means ofmaking payment.

5.3 Trends in banking.

E.g. ATMs, telebanking,Internet banking.

Recognize the services providedby the commercial banks.

Identify the different means ofpayment for home and

international trade activities.

Describe the purpose of eachmeans of making payment.

State the advantages anddisadvantages of the followingtrends in banking: -

ATMs.

Telebanking.

Internet banking.

Show to the students what are the services provided by acommercial bank to their customers especially businesscommunity.

For example;

1. Mr. Jackie has a bank current account and afixed deposit account.

(a) State two advantages to Mr. Jackie of havingboth accounts.

(b) Why is a fixed deposit account suitable topeople who have excess amount of funds?

(c) Mr. Jackie is able to use the following bankservices to pay bills:

BANK DRAFTS CREDIT CARDCREDIT TRANSFERS DIRECT DEBITS

State, with reasons, which bank service Mr. Jackieshould use to pay each of the following:

i. Mortgage payments, which vary withchanges in interest rates.

ii. Settlement of a hotel bill

iii. Payment of his insurance premium toNational Insurance Company.

2. ATMs, telebanking and internet banking aresome of the services offer by a bank to thecustomers. Answer the following questions;

(a) Why a bank offers ATMs to the customers?

(b) What are the advantages of internetbanking to: (a) customers and (b) a bank?

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(c) What is telebanking and state the servicesoffer?


Hongkong and Shangai Banking Corporation

BIBD

Standard and Chartered Banking

Topic 6: COMMUNICATIONS


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6.COMMUNICATIONS

6.1 Importance of communications in the global

economy.

Rapid and accuratetransmission of informationin the global economy.

6.2Methods of communications,internal and external.

Oral, written, telephonic,electronic.

6.3 Post Office, Telecoms.

Services provided.


State the importance of

communications in the globaleconomy.

Apply the usage of differentmethods of communication to agiven situation.

Identify the services provided bythe Post Office and theTelecoms.

Produce reasons for the usageof services offered by the Post

Office and the Telecoms.

Activity 1: Applying the methods ofcommunication

Show examples how each method of communication

would be appropriately used in a given situation.

For example;

1. The following are the means/methods ofcommunication, which are very useful for thebusiness community.

E-mail, Fax, Letter, Telephone, Teleconferencing,frank machine and registered post.

(a) When would a trader use:

i. Fax rather than the other means ofcommunication?

ii. Telephone rather than e-mail?

iii. Frank machine rather than registered post?

2. Baiduri bank always sends many statements ofaccounts and other documents to its clientstowards the end of the month. Describe the

appropriate means, which is provided by postoffice that may help with this.

3. State one method of communication, whichmight be used to communicate the followinginformation. In each case, give a reason for yourchoice:

i. A company wants to give information about aspecial

offer for the new year.

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ii. An exporter in Brunei has sent his goods to acustomer in Thailand and wishes to tell the

buyer thedate when they will arrive.

iii. Berjaya Association would like to invite over athousand of its members for the opening of its

newbuilding.


Telbru

Post Office

Note:The order of syllabus contents may change from year to year in accordance to thesyllabus provided by CIE but there is no change to the content of topics.

Recommended Textbooks:

Betsy Li and Tan Sai Kim, Modern Certificate Guides: Elements of Commerce, 1999

Bill Jones, Revise Commerce, A Complete Revision Course For GCSE

D Butler, GCSE Business Studies, 2001

Dave Hall, GCSE Applied Business

Gerry Gorman, GCSE Business Studies, 1989

Richard Barrett and Mario Gow, Commerce Skills, 1998

Other sources;

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Past 7100 Commerce O Level Papers, From Examination Department

Past 7101/2 Commercial Studies O Level Papers, From Examination Department

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