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Year 8

Knowledge Organiser

Homework booklet

Half Term 3

2017-2018

Name:

Form:

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This term all homework will be set on Show my Homework and will be focused on

learning key vocabulary for each subject using Knowledge organisers.

You will be required to learn prescribed parts of the knowledge organiser each

week; these will formally quizzes in following lessons.

Why are we using knowledge organisers?

The GCSE and BTEC courses now have a greater focus on the retrieval of knowledge.

Students are required to know specific dates, keywords and formula.

By learning the key facts from as early as Year 7, the knowledge will become part of your long

term memory.

If you can retrieve key facts you are able to access higher demand questions.

How do I use a Knowledge organiser?

Each knowledge organiser has the key facts for the topic you are learning

You will have specific homework set around each area of the knowledge organiser

You need to memorise the content of the knowledge organiser before you are quizzed in class

Use the look, and cover, and say, and write, and check method to learn the information.

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Contents Maths ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3

Angle Rules ................................................................................................................................................................. 5

Measures ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7

Conversions ................................................................................................................................................................ 8

Statistics....................................................................................................................................................................... 9

Probability .................................................................................................................................................................. 11

Number Properties and Calculations .................................................................................................................... 13

Algebra ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15

Science .......................................................................................................................................................................... 17

Waves ........................................................................................................................................................................ 17

Work, Energy, Power ............................................................................................................................................... 18

English ........................................................................................................................................................................... 19

War ............................................................................................................................................................................. 19

History ............................................................................................................................................................................ 21

Rise of the Dictators ................................................................................................................................................. 21

Geography ..................................................................................................................................................................... 22

Natural Hazards ........................................................................................................................................................ 22

Art ................................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Product Design ............................................................................................................................................................. 24

Food Technology .......................................................................................................................................................... 25

Literacy and Food preparation and Nutrition – Key Word Spellings ................................................................ 25

Spanish .......................................................................................................................................................................... 26

Core Language ......................................................................................................................................................... 26

Palabras ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27

Music .............................................................................................................................................................................. 30

Film Music ................................................................................................................................................................. 30

Drama............................................................................................................................................................................. 31

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Maths

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Angle Rules

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Measures

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Conversions

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Statistics

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Probability

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Number Properties and Calculations

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Algebra

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Science

Waves

1 Wave A regular periodic disturbance in a medium or space. Transfers energy.

2 Transverse A wave with oscillations perpendicular to the direction the wave is travelling.

3 Longitudinal A wave with oscillations in the same direction as the wave is travelling.

4 Oscillation A fluctuation between maximum and minimum. 5 Perpendicular Travelling at right angles with something else.

6 Compression Area of high frequency of waves.

7 Rarefaction Area of low frequency of waves. 8 Wavelength The distance between two identical points on a wave.

9 Frequency The number of complete waves passing a point per second (measured in hertz).

10 Amplitude The height of a wave from its peak to the normal line. 11 Hertz (Hz) The SI unit of frequency.

12 Pitch A property of sound determined by its frequency. High frequency will produce a high pitched sound

13 Loudness A property of sound wave determined by its amplitude. Tall waves mean a louder sound.

14 Doppler effect The change in frequency of a sound caused by the listener or the source of sound moving relative to the other.

15 Electromagnetic spectrum

A range of frequencies which electromagnetic waves are propagated.

16 Loudspeaker A device which uses the motor effect to change electrical energy into sound energy.

17 Infrared Is the way in which heat energy is transferred from a hotter to a colder place without a medium eg air or water.

18 Ultrasound A sound above the human hearing range, above 20, 000 Hz.

19 Ultrasound scanning

Used during pregnancy to check development of unborn babies.

20 Ultrasonic cleaning Uses high frequency vibrations of ultrasound to shake dirt from clothing or other materials.

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Work, Energy, Power

1 Specific heat capacity

Energy required to heat 1kg of a substance by 1 degree.

2 Specific heat capacity equation

3 Power Transfer of energy per second.

4 Watts (W) Unit of measurement for power.

5 Power equation

Power (W)= Energy transferred (J) / time taken (s)

6 Work done Work done is the energy transferred when a force moves an object through a distance.

7 Work done equation

8 Energy The ability to do work.

9 Joule (J) Unit of energy.

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Kilojoule (KJ)

Unit of energy when using large numbers. Equal to 1000J

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Conservation of energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, however, it can be transferred from one store to another.

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Efficiency A ratio of what was ‘useful’ measured against the ‘total’.

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Efficiency equation

Useful energy / total energy in

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English

War

Subject Terminology Plosive “b,” “p,” “t” and “d” sounds – which can be harsh, aggressive or shocking.

Sibilance Repeated “S” sounds – most often caused by “s” “ss” and “c.” These can be harsh, smooth or sickly.

Assonance A repetition of vowel sounds. Rhyme The repetition of syllable sounds – usually at the ends of lines, but

sometimes in the middle of a line (called internal rhyme). Couplet A pair of rhyming lines which follow on from one another.

Stanza A group of lines separated from others in a poem.

Enjambment The running over of a sentence from one line to the next without a piece of punctuation at the end of the line.

Caesura A stop or a pause in a line of poetry – usually caused by punctuation.

End stopped A line of poetry ending in a piece of punctuation which results in a pause.

Anaphora A repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. Juxtaposition Two things being placed close together for contrasting effect.

Oxymoron A figure of speech in which two contradictory things are placed together in a way which makes peculiar sense. For example, “friendly fire.”

Semantic field A set of words relating to the same topic. “Foul” and “Shot” would appear in the semantic field of sports.

Antithesis A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.

Ambiguity A word, phrase or situation where there are two or more possible meanings and it is unclear which is the correct one.

Anachronism A person or object placed in an inappropriate time.

Cliché An overused phrase or saying

Irony A use of words to mean something very different from what they appear to mean.

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Vocabulary to Explain thoughts and Feelings

Apprehension Nervousness

Bashfulness Embarrassment Bewilderment Confusion

Compassion Love/Caring Contemptuousness Deep hatred

Discouragement Being put off

Dismay Concern or distress Eagerness Keenness to take part

Elation Exceptional happiness Enragement Anger

Euphoria Extreme happiness

Notable Wars

Hundred Years' War (1337–1453)

American Revolutionary War (1775–1782)

Napoleonic Wars (1799–1815)

American Civil War (1861–1865)

World War I (1914–1918)

World War II (1939–1945)

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History

Rise of the Dictators

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Geography

Natural Hazards

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Art

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Sculpture A three dimensional piece of art often carved, chiselled, from stone, marble, wood, or cast from bronze.

Plein Air This is French for "open air". This is the term often used for painting outdoors

Series A number of artworks that are meant to go together. They are often of the same subject

Still life A painting or drawing of inanimate objects often placed in an arrangement. Examples include flowers in a vase, fruit in a bowl, and bottles of wine.

Fresco A painting made on wet plaster of a wall or ceiling. As the plaster and paint dry the wall absorbs the paint.

Mural A large painting generally painted on a wall or ceiling.

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Palette A board where colours of paint are mixed so they are the right colour for the painting. Can also refer to range of colours an artist has used in an artwork.

Perspective A way of painting or drawing that makes some objects appear closer than others.

Medium The materials used in creating a piece of artwork such as paint, marble, clay, or pastels

Colour wheel A tool artists use to help them mix and use colours effectively. Pigment The part of the paint that gives it colour.

Thumbnail sketch

A small, quick rough sketch usually used in the planning stage of a piece of artwork.

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Landscape A painting or drawing of the natural land such as fields, mountains, trees and sky

Portrait A drawing or painting of a person or people

Self-portrait

A painting or drawing that the artist makes of themsevles.

Still life A painting or drawing of inanimate objects often placed in an arrangement. Examples include flowers in a vase, fruit in a bowl, and bottles of wine.

Cityscape A painting or drawing of a city with buildings, roads, cars, sky. Like a landscape but of the city

Abstract Art that is inspired by looking at the real world but simplifying and changing it to the artist’s personal style.

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Product Design

Word Meaning Learnt

Acrylic A type of plastic which is a thermoplastic but is brittle.

Thermoplastic

A plastic which can be heated and shaped using a mould or jig. It can keep on being reheated so it a recyclable plastic e.g. Lego/milk bottles.

Design Brief An outline of what your project is going to be.

Specification

A list of things a product/design must do or be. This is used when designing and making to ensure the product is correct and “ticks the boxes”.

Coping Saw A saw with a very narrow blade stretched across a D-shaped frame, used for cutting curves in wood

Hand Drill A hand held tool to make holes using a drill.

Pillar Drill A fixed machine drill which has a work surface ledge and drills holes

Orbital Sander A sander in which the sanding surface has a minute circular motion without rotating relative to the workpiece.

Bench Hook

A bench hook is a workbench accessory used in woodworking, and its purpose is to provide a stop against which the piece of wood being worked can be firmly held.

Fretsaw

A machine saw which sits at work surface height with a narrow blade stretched vertically on a frame, for cutting thin wood in to shapes.

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Food Technology

Literacy and Food preparation and Nutrition – Key Word Spellings

Key word Definition

1. Hazard

Anything that poses a danger

2. Personal hygiene

Things you do to keep yourself clean

3. Food hygiene

Things we do to keep food clean and safe

4. Kitchen hygiene

Things you do to keep the kitchen environment and equipment clean

5. Consequence

The result of an action eg. You spill water and someone could slip

6. Prevention

What you do to prevent an accident from happening

7. Equipment

All the items we use when cooking

8. Measuring The use of specific equipment to accurately gauge the weight of a food

9. Evaluation The judgements you make about the food you have cooked and improvements that could be made

10. Ingredients

The items of food we use to make our food products

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Spanish

Core Language

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Palabras (Pages 70-71) ¿Qué te gusta comer y beber? What do you like to eat and drink? ¿Qué no te gusta come? What don't you like to eat? ¿Qué no te gusta beber? What don't you like to drink? Me gusta(n) mucho I really like... Me encanta(n) I love... No me gusta(n) nada I don't like... at all. Odio... I hate... Prefiero... I prefer... el agua water el arroz rice la carne meat los caramelos sweets la fruta fruit las hamburguesas hamburgers los huevos eggs la leche milk el marisco seafood, shellfish el pescado fish el queso cheese las verduras vegetables ¿Qué desayunas? What do you have for breakfast? Desayuno... For breakfast I have... cereales cereal churros churros (sweet fritters) tostadas toast yogur yoghurt café coffee Cola Cao Cola Cao (chocolate drink) té tea zumo de naranja orange juice No desayuno nada. I don't have anything for breakfast. ¿Qué comes? What do you have for lunch? Como... I eat.../For lunch I have... un bocadillo a sandwich ¿Qué cenas? What do you have for dinner? Ceno... For dinner I have... patatas fritas chips pollo con ensalada chicken with salad ¿A qué hora desayunas/comes/ At what time do you have breakfast/lunch/ cenas? dinner? Desayuno a las siete. I have breakfast at seven o'clock. Como a las dos. I have lunch at two o'clock. Ceno a las nueve. I have dinner at nine o'clock.

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En el restaurante At the restaurant buenos días good day, good morning ¿Qué va a tomar usted? What are you (singular) going to have? ¿Qué van a tomar ustedes? What are you (plural) going to have? ¿Y de segundo? And for main course? ¿Para beber? To drink? ¿Algo más? Anything else? Voy a tomar... I'll have... de primer plato as a starter de segundo plato for main course de postre for dessert Tengo hambre. I am hungry. Tengo sed. I am thirsty. nada más nothing else La cuenta, por favor. The bill, please. la ensalada mixta mixed salad los huevos fritos fried eggs la sopa soup el pan bread las chuletas de cerdo pork chops el filete steak el pollo con pimientos chicken with peppers la tortilla española Spanish omelette el helado de chocolate/fresa/vainilla chocolate/strawberry/vanilla ice cream la tarta de queso cheesecake la cola coke Una fiesta mexicana A Mexican party ¿Qué vas a traer? What are you going to bring? ¿Qué vas a comprar? What are you going to buy? Voy a traer... I'm going to bring... quesadillas quesadillas (toasted cheese tortillas) limonada lemonade Voy a comprar... I am going to buy... una lechuga a lettuce un pimiento verde a green pepper un pimiento rojo a red pepper un aguacate an avocado un kilo de tomates a kilo of tomatoes medio kilo de queso half a kilo of cheese 200 gramos de pollo 200 grammes of chicken una botella de limonada a bottle of lemonade ¿Y tú? ¿Qué opinas? And you? What do you think? Pues... Well...

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Depende... It depends... No sé... I don't know... Eh... Er... A ver... Let's see... Bueno, Vale... OK... Lo siento, pero no entiendo I'm sorry, but I don't understand ¿Qué significa...? What does ... mean? ¿Puedes repetir? Can you repeat that? ¿Puedes hablar más despacio, Can you speak more slowly, por favor? please? Palabras muy frecuentes High-frequency words a las... at ... o'clock bastante quite día day favorito, favorita favourite hora time lugar place para for por ejemplo for example pasado, pasada last que viene next

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Music

Film Music

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Drama

Keyword Definition

Dramatic Irony

An event or statement known by the audience and not the characters

Evaluate Judgement on the strength and weaknesses of a performance

Hot-seating Question a character in role

Rehearsal Practice or preparation of drama

Status Importance in relation to others

End-on Performance space with the audience on side

Traverse Performance space with the audience on 2 sides

Thrust Performance space with the audience on 3 sides

In the round A circular performance space with the audience on all sides

Stereotype An exaggerated portrayal of a type of person