Year 11

Revision

How should I revise?

• Know what you need to revise;• Split the units in different sections (eg.

Landforms / processes / management)• Understand and know how to define the key

terms• Have detail in your knowledge of case studies• Tackle questions – practice marking each

other’s responses. Use pages 202-204 from textbook

Unit 1

• Key terms• Megacity • Urbanisation• Urban sprawl • Suburbs• Floodplain• Dereliction• Mixed use• Redevelopment

• Commuters• Integrated transport

system• Biofuel• Slums• Brownfield / greenfield• Carbon zero• Urban regeneration• Eco-homes / towns• Urban heat island

Living in an urbanworld

Hazards in urban areas Regeneration and redevelopment

Urban issues in LEDCs Sustainable urban development

Living in an ever increasingly urban world

• What are the global patterns?

• What is the link between urbanisation and economic growth?

• Which countries are driving this move to an increasingly urban world?

What are the problems resulting from living in an urban world?

• Key case study = China• 2008 – 16/20 most polluted cities were

found in china. Especially chongqing – see notes re. number of high rise buildings.

• A landfill opened in 2003 already is filled with more than a million tonnes of rubbish.

• World Health Org. says that lack of safe water and proper sanitation accounts for 12% child deaths in developing countries.

Natural hazards in urban areas

• Los Angeles – why is it known as a multi hazard city?

• Why are towns / cities vulnerable to flooding?• What is the Thames region flood

management plan?1) Planning – reduce building on floodplains2) Increase river corridors / open space

(sustainable approach)3) Use existing floodplains better4) Flood defences

Medcs – reducing deprivation and improving quality of life

• WHO – a child living in one suburb in Glasgow can expect to live 28 years less than a child born 13km away.

• How can deprives areas be improved?

1) Measuring problems in area

2) Improving housing3) Building community

spirit.

• ExamplesWatcombe – Devon. A poor

housing estate has had central heating upgraded, ventilation, insulation installed. Health and well-being improved.

Hackney – better street lighting, green space, community centres built, low level flats

Urban redevelopment – its all about Brindleyplace!

Part of a bigger regeneration project - birmingham

• The Mailbox – shopping centre

• £550 million for New Street station

• £35 million development of city hospital

• Bullring shopping centre – 35 million visitors a year

• Mixed use development

Managing movement – integrated transport system.

• 80% journeys made by car• Congestion – ¼ all roads in UK

are congested every day• Pollution • Business costs - £24 billion

loss to business every year.

• Curitiba – Know the methods implemented.

• Results? 1.3 million passengers every day

• 80% of all commuters use buses

• 30 million fewer car trips a year

• Cleaner environment

• Cambridge guided busway (CGB)

• Plus points• Links villages to city• Reduces need for cars• Fast service in Cambridge –

10 mins• Re-using old train line – less

land required• Wi-fi

• Negatives• Is it open yet?• Cost = £116 million• Engineering problems

Coping with growth in cities in LEDCs

• By 2030 1 in 3 people will be living in slums

• Africa has fastest growth – kibera

• Asia has greatest number = 600 million

• Challenges = providing adequate housing and services for urban poor

• Mumbai• Population 15 million• Half of population live in

slums – pavement dwellers.

• Dharavi.• Nairobi – capital of

Kenya. 60% live in slums.• Disease rife, crime, lack

of safety.

BUT! How can urban growth create opportunities for development?Step to better life / Water / education health more accessible / jobs

Schemes to get people out of slums

• COHAB – Curitiba housing programme

• ‘homes not shelters’

• Self help schemes

• NGOs – wateraid, oxfam, clintonfoundation

• Rubbish collection in Dar es Salaam

Eco – homes – BEDZED of course!

Sustainable living

• Energy, waste, transport, environment, homes, work. All factors to be considered to meet sustainable goal.

• Examples:• Greenhouse development – Leeds former

industrial building now carbon zero development. (mixed use)

• Bedzed – Sutton (south london)• China – Chongming island

Ecotowns

• Use an example to know what the development is like; where / how

• What are the arguments surrounding their development?

• NIMBYISM

Exam practice

• Why are urban populations in LEDCs growing rapidly? (4)

• Describe the environmental problems caused by urban growth. Use an example. (6 marks)

• Describe the problems that natural hazards cause in urban areas. (6)

• Explain how the effects of natural hazards in urban areas can be reduced. (6)

• Explain how urban redevelopment projects can improve socio-economic conditions and environmental conditions. (8)