8/13/2019 Year 11 End of Year Exam

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-Prokaryotic-No nucleus, unicellular, lack some organelles, reproduce/divide by binaryfission/eukaryotic cells reproduce/divide by mitosis/meiosis.

-Plant cells are larger, contain chloroplasts and have a cell wall. Have one bigVacuole.

- smosis- !hen water tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a lessconcentrated solution into a more concentrated one.- No energy.

- "iffusion- Diffusion is the chemical process when molecules from a material move froman area of high concentration (where there are lots of molecules) to an area of lowconcentration (where there are fewer molecules). This happens through otherwise randommovement

#hapter $

-%iotic&'rass, (rees, )lowers, *abbits, "eer, etc.

-+biotic& Non iving- !ater, +ir, oil,, ight, (emperature, nergy, etc.

- cosystem- a biological community of interacting organisms and their physicalenvironment.

-(olerance range is the range of something that a species can tolerate such astemperatures.

#hapter 0

- +n adaptation is a physical or behavioral characteristic that has developed to allowan organism to better survive in its environment.

- (he hypothalamus regulates homeostasis . 1t has regulatory areas for thirst, hunger,body temperature, water balance, and blood pressure, and links the nervous system to the endocrine system .

- Homeostasis-#hemicals known as neurotransmitters carry it between the neurones. (hesechemicals are made by the cell that is sending the impulse. (he cell receiving it alsohas chemicals e2creted that enable it to bind with the neurotransmitters.

- Hormones- travel through bood slowly.

#hapter

- 1nnate and learned difference/definition.

- #lassical #onditioning- 1n which the conditioned stimulus 3as the sound of a bell4 ispaired with and precedes the unconditioned stimulus 3as the sight of food4 until theconditioned stimulus alone is sufficient to elicit the response 3as salivation in a dog4.

- perant conditioning is based on a simple premise - that behavior is influenced bythe conse5uences that follow.

-1nsight learning- solving problems through understanding the relationships ratherthan 6ust through trial and error.

-Habituation- that decreases a behavioral response to a recurring stimulus

-1mprinting- 3learning occurring at a particular age or a particular life

- #ircadian rhythm- 78 hour routine.

Nocturnal and "iurnal

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8/13/2019 Year 11 End of Year Exam

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- Pheramone9 + chemical substance produced and released into the environment byan animal, especially a mammal or an insect, affecting the behaviour or physiology ofothers of its species.eg9 cent :arking.

-(he uneven distribution of au2in, due to environmental cues results in uneven planttissue growth. eg 'eo, Photo.

- +u2in are plant hormones. !hen light is shone on a plant from one direction, itcauses the au2ins to redistribute to the shaded side of the plant

#hapter ;

-#ommensalism -- one organism benefits< the other is neither harmed nor helped.:utualism -- both organism benefitParasitism -- one organism benefits< the other is harmed

-+n organism that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter, returningessential nutrients to the ecosystem. Herbivor, scavenger, carnivore.

#hapter 8

- Producer, #onsumer. Producer, Primary, econdary, (ertiary.

-%ioaccumulation- (he accumulation of a substance, such as a to2ic chemical, invarious tissues of a living organism. eg9 :ercury.

-Pyramids

-Numbers- hows the number or orgamisms at each trophic level per unit area of anecosystem.

- %iomass- (he total ammount of matter present in organisms at each tropic level at agiven time.

- nergy- how the amount of energy input to each tropic level in a given area overan e2tended area.

#hapter =

- %iological pest control- predation , parasitism , herbivory#lassical9 Predator released into located area.

#onservation9 Naturally occuring agents. #ontrol

%iopesticiides9 >ill

- 2otic pecies- is a species living outside its native distributional range

- Pop. growth models- the e2ponential growth 3increase, upward.4 model and thelogistic growth model, 3carrying capacity4 then stops.

#hapter ?

-

-

- "eforestation- imple.

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http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/%2Fwiki%2FPredationhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/%2Fwiki%2FParasitismhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/%2Fwiki%2FHerbivoryhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/%2Fwiki%2FHerbivoryhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/%5Cl%22http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/%2Fwiki%2FPredationhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/%2Fwiki%2FParasitismhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/%2Fwiki%2FHerbivoryhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/%5Cl%22