yci human trafficking awareness training mumbai-may 2015 educating young people for work and for...
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YCI Human Trafficking Awareness Training
Mumbai-May 2015
Educating young people for work and for life
The issue, the victim, and what the hospitality industry can do to help
Human Trafficking – the challenge
Reintegration of survivors of human trafficking
Adaptation of selection criteria for YCI participants4 countries: Mexico, Vietnam, India and Ethiopia32 survivors have successfully completed YCI to date
with 85% finding employment within six months (since 2012)
One-to-one mentoring support (during and post training)
Creating awareness & building capacity amongst local partners and hotel managers
Training developed with the support of:
US Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (The TIP Office)
International Organisation of Migration (IOM)Hagar InternationalInfantiaStop the Traffick Worldwide Documentaries Carlson Hotels and ResortsThe Protection Project, John Hopkins University
Training ObjectivesModule 1 – An Overview Objective: Participants will be able to define human trafficking and
describe its underlying causes
Module 2 - Human Trafficking and the Hospitality Industry Objective: Participants will be able to identify and respond
appropriately to potential human trafficking cases
Module 3 - The victims: experience, rescue and recovery Objective: Participants will be able to better understand the needs of
trafficking victims
Module 4 - Supporting the re-integration of survivors Objective: Participants will be able to describe how the YCI program
will benefit victims.
Human Trafficking – the challenge
Module 1
An Overview
What do you know about human trafficking?
Video: “Not My Life”
documentary by Robert Bilheimer and narrated by Ashley Judd
Human Trafficking is used as an umbrella term for activities involved when one person obtains or holds another person in compelled service.
Trafficking occurs both within and between countries. It is a criminal offence and a violation of human rights.
Trafficking happens for a broad range of purposes such as sexual exploitation, labour trafficking or forced labour. The movement of a person is not required in the definition of trafficking.
Global Overview
It is the fastest growing international crime
Human trafficking is the second largest source of illegal income worldwide
There are even reports that some trafficking groups are switching their cargo from drugs to human beings, in a search of high profits at lower risk
21 million trafficking victims in the world *
* according to International Labour Organisation (2012)
Justice Served?
In 2013, human trafficking cases worldwide resulted in 9,460 prosecutions, with 1,199 of those cases relating to labour trafficking.
There were 5,776 (470 in labour trafficking) convictions.
The total number of identified victims was approximately 44,758 (10,603) – a number that pales in comparison to the global estimate of over 20 million people in modern slavery today.
Source: U.S. Department of State 2014 Trafficking in Persons Report
Trafficking vs. SmugglingElement Trafficking Smuggling
Type of crime
Crime against person
Crime against State
Why do we fight it?
To protect a persons human rights
To protect sovereignty of the state
Nature of crime
Exploitative Commercial
Rationale Exploitation of the victim for profit
Movement of persons for profit
Border crossing
Non-Defining Defining element
Consent* Not given Necessary *Irrelevant in the case of children
Major Forms of Human Trafficking
Risk factors – Country of origin
A lack of political, social and economical stability A lack of reasonable and realistic prospects Domestic violence and disintegration of the family
structure Gender and ethnic discrimination Lack of access to education and information
Importance of the local context
Risk factors – Country of destination
Increasing demand for cheap and exploitable labourers in domestic, construction, agricultural and industrial sectors
A rise in the demand for commercial sex
Risk factors – Universal
Economic exclusion of marginalised people Ever more obstacles to legal migrationDisintegration of social protection networks A lack of effective anti-trafficking legislation or lack of
effective enforcement A lack of public awarenessThe high profit potentialThe sophisticated organisation of criminal networks Widespread corruption
Vulnerable Groups
Who are the traffickers
Men or womenFamily, friendsFormer victimsDiplomatsIndividuals who promise marriage or jobsBoyfriendsCriminal groupsLabour recruitment agentsTravel agenciesInternet chatrooms
The A-M-P Model
*Means is not required in the case of minors
International vs. Internal (Domestic) trafficking
International
Internal (Domestic)
Border crossed
No border crossed or movement necessary
U.S. State Department's Trafficking in Persons Report: Tier Placements
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 2 WL
Tier 3
Fully comply with TVPA minimum standards
Do not fully comply with TVPA standards, but are making significant efforts
Tier 2 + (# of victims is significant or increasing; no evidence of increasing efforts; or making significant efforts based on future commitments)
Do not comply w/ minimum standards & not making significant effort
Tier classifications
Country Specifics: India, Tier 2
Source, destination and transit countryIndia’s largest trafficking problem is forced labour: 20
to 65 million citizens; high amount of debt bondage90% of India’s trafficking problem is internalMajority of trafficking victims are recruited by agents
known to them in their home villages with promises of work
Many challenges remain, mainly relating to government corruption and denial
Both government- and NGO-run shelters face shortages of financial resources and trained personnel
Human Trafficking – the challenge
Module 2
Human trafficking and the hospitality industry
What forms of human trafficking do you think might happen at a hotel?
Manifestations of human trafficking in the hospitality industry
Human trafficking can happen at any point within a hotel’s supply chain
Hotels can reduce the likelihood of trafficking within its operations by:Establishing policies & procedures for responding to possible
cases of human trafficking.Training hotel staff to help them identify human trafficking cases.
Supply chain monitoring
Tier 1 Forced Prostitution
Forced Labour
Prostitution of Children
The potential impact on your business
Tier 1
Brand Legal
FinancialMoral
Video: Possible trafficking scenarios
Carlson have kindly provided a short video of possible trafficking scenarios that could take place in a hotel
Discussion: Examples of how to spot signs of trafficking
Sex Tourism
Forced Labour
Sex Tourism
Potential victim stays at a distance from the perpetrator, and may even appear “scared” in their presence
Child (often local) is accompanied by an adult other than parent (often male) who seems controlling
Shows signs of psychological or physical abuse; acts unusually fearful or submissive
Forced Labour
Workers who are not in possession of their documentsWorkers without a formal labour contractWorkers who work excessively long hours
Most hotel chains have already existing guidelines on how to deal with instances of trafficking
Who to contact for further information:
Rescue Foundation
Address:-Plot No.39, Fatimadevi Road, Behind Our Lady of Remedy School,
Poisur, Kandivali (W), Mumbai - 400067, Maharashtra, India.
Telephone:- +91-22-28060707 / 28625240
Fax:- +91-22-28663322 / 28084161
Mobile:- +91-98202 10705
http://www.rescuefoundation.net
[email protected] Kshamata
16/204, Gulmohar, Vasant Vihar , Thane (W) - 400610, India
Phone - 022 2171 1375
www.kshamata.org
Initiatives to fight trafficking in the industry
UN.GIFT ECPAT The Code Polaris Project Business Travellers Against Human Trafficking Stop the Traffik Global Travel Alert
Case studies and discussion
Human Trafficking – the challenge
Module 3
The victims: experience, rescue and recovery
What do you think happens to the victim?
Methods of Control
Confiscation of Legal Documents
Verbal and psychological abuse
Threats of deportation or other harm to the victim or the victim’s
family
Exploitation of unfamiliarity with the
local language and lawsDebt manipulation
Examples of methods of control
Imprison-ment
Fear
Intimidation Debt
bondage
Deception Isolation
Physical exhaustion
Starvation
Torture
Beating
Rape
Violence and threats of violence
Extreme situations – Extreme reactions
The ordinary human response to danger includes both physical and psychological reactions
Danger focuses a person’s attention on the immediate situation
Traumatic reactions occur when resistance is deemed impossible
The human self-defence system becomes overwhelmed and disorganised
Coping strategies
When primary control is lost
Secondary control
Learned ‘loyalty’ (Stockholm syndrome)
Reactions during and after the trafficking experience
Psychological reactions
Psychosomatic reactions
Physical reactions
Case study: Elena’s story
Overview of a typical rescue process
Tip off or trafficking victims identified
Raid by law enforcement
Victims rescued and traffickers arrested
Victims brought to safe house or refuge
Survivors: deported, reunited with family, or placed in a shelter
Trial / Overall Criminal Justice proceeding
Steps to recovering from human trafficking
To establish safety and restore control over their bodies and immediate environment
Remembrance and mourning of the traumaReconnection with ordinary life
Often the process is not linear and the recovery progress more variable
Long-term shelters (as provided by Asha Sadan, St. Catherine’s Homes, Swadhar Homes and Advait
Health services Psychological counselling Legal assistance Education and vocational training Life skills training and employment opportunities Identity documentation Birth certificates Financial assistance Repatriation and reintegration services
What service for victims could include
Common steps to reintegration
Arranging for health and psychosocial care Possible reintegration into family lifeCatch up on missed education Providing life skills training to restore self
confidenceFinding economic opportunities to increase
former victims' independence
Stigmatisation
For being traffickedEspecially for sexual purposes Mental illnessExperience of trial
A regional phenomenon
Human Trafficking – the challenge
Module 4
Supporting the re-integration of survivors and the role of YCI
What can YCI do?
Characteristics of a good relationship
Love and care
ToleranceOpen and clear communication
Security Trust Honesty
Support for the participants
Understanding and patienceGuidance (mentoring and coaching)Discretion and sensibilityRespectDisciplineAccess to ongoing psychological support
Benefits of skills training
• Lesser risk of being re-trafficked• Increased self-confidence and self-esteem • Increased independence
Discussion: Putting it all into action
Classroom sessionsPractical training Mentoring and coachingExtra activities Psychological support
Discussion: Warning signs
Signs of physical
harm
Withdrawal
Depression
Positive impacts of YCI
3. Stronger sense of self
worth
2. Confidence and respect
8. Prospects for the future
1. Sense of belonging
7.
Independence
4. Rights and responsibiliti
es
6. Social
reintegration
5. Work skills and
experience
Thank you!
This publication was made possible with support from the United States Department of State, under the terms of Grant No. S-SGTIP-10-GR-0078. The opinions or points of view expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the United States Department of State.