yale/tulane esf-8 planning and response program...
TRANSCRIPT
TURKEY
AFAD ndash Department of Earthquakes
AFAD
Turkish Catastrophic Insurance Pool
Emergency Management General Directorate
Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning
Foundation for the Support of Womenrsquos Work (FSWW)
General Directorate of Disaster Affairs (GDDA) Turkey - gov
Ministry of Interior
Ministry of Health
Ministry of National Education Turkey - gov
Ministry of Public Works and Settlement Turkey - gov
Prime Ministers Office Turkey ndash gov
Turkish Red Crescent
INTERNATIONALREGIONAL
RELIEFWEB
UNICEF
UNITED STATES
US Embassy ndash Turkey
The Department of State
DIP NOTE
US Agency for International Development
CIA World Fact Book
USGS
HEALTH INFORMATION
CDC - Earthquake
WHO- Earthquake
PORTALS AND RESOURCES
CIA Facebook ndash Turkey
Prevention Web
Yale-Tulane ESF-8 Planning and Response Program
Humanitarian Early Warning Service - Seismic
APAN
Earthquake Report
IRIS
MCEER
Library of Congress Country Study ndash Turkey
EMSC
Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute
Underground Weather
NEWS AND MEDIA
AlertNet
BBC
MAPS
Turkey - USGS
2 NOVEMBER 2011
YALETULANE ESF-8 PLANNING AND RESPONSE PROGRAM SPECIAL REPORT (EARTHQUAKE - TURKEY)
CURRENT SITUATION
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
RED CRESCENT
BACKGROUND
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
Chance of
Precipitation
0 Wednesday 2 NOV
46 | 30degF
Partly Cloudy
Chance of
Precipitation
20 Thursday 3 NOV
50 | 36degF
Chance of Rain
HEALTH THREATS
Chance of
Precipitation
20 Friday 4 NOV
46| 34degF
Partly Cloudy SHELTER
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE
Chance of
Precipitation
60 Saturday 4 NOV
50 | 32degF
Rain
Chance of
Precipitation
20 Saturday 4 NOV
39 | 28degF
Partly Cloudy
BLOOD
BACKGROUND
bull A magnitude-72 earthquake struck 12 miles northeast of the city of Van in eastern Turkey on Sunday October 23 2011 at 141 pm local time at the epicenter (time in other time zones) The earthquake occurred at a depth of 124 miles and causing strong shaking throughout a broad area and significant damage to Van and neighboring towns
bull The epicenter of the quake was in the village of Tabanli at Ercis district in the eastern province of Van The province borders Iran on the east The earthquake was also felt in the Van province city center as well as the neighboring 11 provinces including Ağrı Batman Igdir Muş Bingoumll Tunceli Diyarbakır Siirt Sirnak Mardin and Erzurum
bull The HDI (Human Development Index) in the affected region (Van Hakkari Bitlis Mus) is among the lowest in Turkey The HDI is a combination of literacy rate life expectancy and GDP (per capita) In the Van area (0630) the HDI is equivalent to Bhutan Solomon Islands India or Congo as compared to the average HDI of Turkey which is 0810 The development of the region poses many problems for health issues
bull Van Province has a population of 1035 million The average household size is between 7 and 8 persons It has 539619 residents living in cities and a village population of 495799
bull The current version of the USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) estimate is that economic losses are most likely to be in the $1ndash10 billion range and fatalities are likely to be in the 100ndash1000 range
bull Turkey is a tectonically active country that experiences frequent destructive earthquakes Quakes in this region are controlled by the Arabian and Eurasian tectonic plates The Arabian plate converges with Eurasia in a northerly direction at a rate of approximately 24 millimeters per year in this area
SOURCE OCHA SITREP USGS NYT
An earthquake of magnitude 72 struck the eastern city of Van in Turkey killing hundreds and injuring 350 on Sunday afternoon The epicenter of the quake is reportedly located in the village of Tabanli in Van province bordering Iran Source Reuters
Turkish soldier stands near collapsed building in Ercis near the eastern Turkish city of Van REUTERSBaz Ratner
TURKEY EARTHQUAKE AND AFTERSHOCKS HIGH DEFINITION
SOURCE OCHA SITREP No7 VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20111200 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (30 OCTOBER 20110600 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (28 OCTOBER 2011 1530 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (27 OCTOBER 2011 1145 AM IFRC Info Bulletin 1 IFRC Info Bulletin 2 World Bulletin USGS Earthquake Report com
SITUATION
As of 30 OCT 2011 The death toll is at 601 the number of injured 4152 the number pulled from rubble alive 188 (AFAD) AFTERSHOCKS There have been 1769 aftershocks since the earthquake occurred bull 637 aftershocks with magnitudes 2-3 bull 850 aftershocks with magnitudes 3-4 bull 108 aftershocks with magnitudes 4-5 bull 7 aftershocks with magnitudes 5-6
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT bull A technical committee of 20 personnel from the government and 200
technical personnel from different provinces have started preliminary damage assessment
bull All disaster and emergency centers of related ministries operating 247 bull On 24 OCT 2011 the Ministry of Education indicated many schools in the
area collapsed or were seriously damaged With the possible exception of boarding schools they were all empty and resulted in no casualties
UTILITIES Electricity and telecommunications services have been disrupted in the city of Van and the nearby town of Erciş (Van) Damage to buildings has also occurred in parts of the neighboring Bitlis and Hakkari Provinces DEPLOYED ASSETS bull Search and rescue medical and first aid personnel from 48 different
provinces and 39 different institutions have been deployed to the region
bull In total 4446 search-rescue personnel 1796 medical personnel 18 search dogs 653 construction vehicles 173 ambulances (7 of them air ambulances) 11 mobile hospitals (6 of them in service) 143 generators 77 reflectors 141 WC-shower bath containers 44164 tents (9436 of them from abroad) 109 tents for general usage 60 prefabricated houses 15 house containers 2310 Mevlana type prefabricated houses 165531 blankets 1179 quilts 37 portable kitchens 3051 kitchen sets 6915 catalytic stoves 5792 sleeping bags 1000 folding beds and 1 mobile oven have been delivered to the region
FOOD bull Food items have been sent by different sources including from provinces
neighboring Van bull Red Crescent is continuing to distribute hot meals three times a day to the
affected population WATER People in the earthquake area have been warned by the Ministry of Health to drink only bottled water Many cases of diarrhea have been reported locally
LIVESTOCK bull Farmers and livestock breeders will need support to resume their
activities bull The earthquake had a very high toll on livestock ndash cattle and sheep ndash
which is the main economy in the rural areas
DAMAGE NUMBERS
Collapsed buildings 2309
Severely damaged 11847
Moderately damaged 17923
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT - ERCIS
HIGH DEFINITION
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT - BITLIS HIGH DEFINITION
INTERNATIONAL ASSITANCE
bull The Government of Turkey has called for international assistance only in terms of tents prefabricated houses and containers In that regard on 31 October at the Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent signed a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000 persons that were rendered homeless after the Van earthquake These housing units made of steel and fully insulated include two rooms a kitchenette and a bathroom and toilet which will be connected to electricity water and sewage
bull This EU operation comes in addition of the supply currently under way of some 6600 family tents accommodating approximately 35000 persons The tents have been provided through grants from some 18 EU Member States1 while part of the air transport costs and the coordination are provided by the European Commissions Humanitarian Assistance and Civil Protection unit ECHO Most tents consignments have already been delivered to Erzurum airport
bull UNHCR has donated a total of 4000 tents 50000 blankets and 10000 sleeping mats out of which 500 tents and 1000 blankets have been received by the Government in the meantime (AFAD)
bull For the reception of international assistance coming by air Erzurum is determined to be logistics center and Erzurum Governorship is assigned to establish this center and transfer the aids to Van
ndash In the case that the Erzurum Airports capacity is exceeded the Military Airport will be used and an alternative
bull For the reception of international assistance coming by land Logistics Reception Center has been established by Van Governorship
bull European Union granted 10 million TL to Turkish Red Crescent in order to provide temporary housing units for homeless
AID-IN-KIND THAT HAS BEEN DELIVERED TO TURKEY
SOURCE OCHA SITREP9 VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20110500 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20111200 PM)
VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (30 OCTOBER 20110600 PM)
TURKISH RED CRESCENT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
Children play near relief tents for people left homeless by the earthquake in Ercis near the eastern Turkish city of Van SOURCE Source REUTERSBaz Ratner
THE TRC CRISIS MANAGEMENT DESKS
bull The TRCS Crisis Management Desks in the Disaster Management Center (HQ) (Ankara) the Northern Anatolia (Erzurum) the South-eastern Anatolia (Elazığ) the Eastern Anatolia (Muş) and the Mediterranean (Adana) Regional Disaster Management Centers and Sivas and Diyarbakir Local Disaster Management Centers are currently staffed There are also 5 staff from Elazığ Regional Disaster Center
DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS
bull 2 staff from Muş Disaster Management Center and 3 staff from Erzurum Regional Disaster Management Center have been deployed to the Van Province to conduct needs assessments
bull Damage assessment is being conducted through the Turkish Red Crescent Branch Offices District Governorates Gendarmerie Commands Security Departments in the town and cities and is being coordinated from the Disaster Management Center (HQ)
COMMUNITY SUPPORT
bull The TRCS alerted all its units in Turkey in order to meet the urgent shelter and food needs of the victims and dispatched the relief items from Ankara Elazığ Erzurum Adana Muş and Manisa Regional Disaster
bull Management Centers and also deployed 167 disaster specialists (including 30 volunteers) 37 vehicles TRCS also deployed volunteers composed of mukhtars clergies police forces and teachers that were trained within the framework of the project on ldquoOrganizing Community Leadersrdquo for this kind of disaster situations
bull Tent camps have been established and delivery of tents to affected families has also started
BLOOD SUPPORT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
bull Following devastating earthquake TRCrsquos Regional Blood Center based in Van communicated immediately with hospitals in the affected area and created additional stocks of blood in the Hospitals
bull Level of blood stocks was heightened with the transportation of 350 units of blood especially of negative blood group from Erzurum Regional Blood Center one hour after the earthquake
bull After the re-opening of the airport a total stock of 18000 units of erythrocyte suspension was sent to Van from other regional blood centers for the purpose of stock replenishment
bull Stocks of blood have been continuously replenished when they fall below 800 units Erzurum and Ankara Regional Blood Centers are also creating additional blood stocks for the replenishment of stocks in the affected areas in case of need
bull Turkish Red Crescent is self-sufficient to cover the blood requirements of the health institutions upon their request The quantity of blood which has been sent to hospitals in the region and blood usage in the period between 23 October 2011 and 31 October 2011 (See Chart)
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 OCHA Report 7 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT
bull Psychologists and social service specialists were assigned to the disaster affected regions to provide psycho-social support for the victims who have lost family members and for victims who have experienced post-traumatic stress due to the quake
bull 18 psych-social workers from various cities are working in Van and Erciş Turkish Psychological Association Turkish Association of Social Workers Turkish Psychiatry Association Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Association and Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry are providing psycho-social support in the disaster area
bull In order to provide psycho-social and social support services qualified staff have been assigned to the Van Provincial Governorate 30 field tents have been set up to deliver these services
ACTIVITIES
bull Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate and Ministry of Social and Family Affairs were contacted to establish a psycho-social support center in Van and Erciş and to plan long term activities National Theatre in central Van will be used as the psycho-social support center as soon as the damage assessment is over Psycho-social support activities will also start when the 4 tents in central Van are pitched in Erciş
bull Psychological support divisions in hospitals were assessed with the Health Directorate and State Hospitalrsquos Head Physician to estimate needs for long-term referral systems
bull Schools will open on November 18 psycho-social support and consultation programs have been arranged
bull Erciş District Governorship was informed of the current situation and was asked for a suitable area for psycho-social support activities
bull 1 child psychiatrist 2 psychiatrists 4 psychologists 4 social service specialists started to work in the Erciş Tent City Individual interviews needs assessments and planning are being carried out especially for children and women
bull WHOUNICEFIOM are coordinating tools with their related ministries for psychological support to affected populations
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
An earthquake survivor rests in a field hospital in the eastern Turkish town of Ercis on Oct 26 SOURCE REUTERSOsman Orsal
bull The hospital in Ercis was badly damaged in the earthquake according to reports from earthquake-reportcom medical tents have been deployed to replace the hospital There were 179 hospital beds per 100000 population in Van Province as of 2007 (1851 total beds in the province) so most hospital beds were occupied at the time of the quake Over 1300 people were injured Patients have already been moved to Ankara and Erzurum
bull As part of the overall coordination provided by the Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency the Turkish Ministry of Health - Disaster and Emergency Coordination Centre (SAKOM) is coordinating the health response and has deployed 6 helicopter ambulances 4 plane ambulances and 201 land ambulances to the Van province
bull The Ministry of Health has prepared 1700 hospital beds in Ağrı Erzurum Bitlis Diyarbakır Muş Iğdır and Ankara for further medical evacuations
bull Air ambulances are transporting medical rescue teams to the earthquake-affected area and are evacuating patients
bull Temporary tent hospitals have been established in Van and in Erciş to provide additional health services in the affected areas
SOURCE CHA Report 7
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
WHO - Information Bulletin Earthquake in eastern Turkey (Van Region)
CEDIM Forensic Earthquake Analysis Group
IFRC Info Bulletin 1
IFRC Info Bulletin 2
bull Ministry of Health is continuing rapid public health assessment of affected populations living in camps and assessment of related services
HEALTH RISKS - EARTHQUAKE
SOURCE CDC| WHO| CDC- CRUSH INJURIES| WHO - PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
IMMEDIATE RISKS
Earthquakes cause high mortality resulting from trauma asphyxia dust inhalation (acute respiratory distress) or exposure to the environment (eg hypothermia) bull Wounds and Injuries will be numerous due to the initial impact of the
earthquake and subsequent rescue and clean-up activities
ndash Crush injury is defined as compression of extremities or other parts of the body that causes muscle swelling andor neurological disturbances in the affected areas of the body Typically affected areas of the body include lower extremities (74) upper extremities (10) and trunk (9)
ndash Crush syndrome is localized crush injury with systemic manifestations These systemic effects are caused by a traumatic rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) and the release of potentially toxic muscle cell components and electrolytes into the circulatory system Crush syndrome can cause local tissue injury organ dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities including acidosis hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia
ndash Risk of wound infection and tetanus are high due to the difficulties with immediate access to health facilities and delayed presentation of acute injuries
ndash Gangrene is a complication of wound contamination and prompt wound treatment is critical for its prevention Gangrenous wounds should be managed aggressively with surgical removal of gangrenous tissue There is no risk of transmission of gangrene to unaffected persons
EARTHQUAKE AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Earthquakes may increase the transmission of the following bull WaterSanitationHygiene-related and Foodborne Diseases
ndash Displaced populations are at high risk from outbreaks of water sanitation and hygiene and foodborne-related diseases due to reduced access to safe water and sanitation systems
ndash Disruption of usual water sources and contamination of water by damaged sewage infrastructure may result in unsafe drinking water
bull Diseases Associated With Crowding ndash Population displacement can result in overcrowding in resettlement
areas raising the risk of transmission of certain communicable diseases that are spread from person to person through respiratory droplets such as measles diphtheria and pertussis (see section below on vaccine-preventable diseases) and acute respiratory infections or ARI This risk is increased with inadequate ventilation
ndash Overcrowding can also increase the likelihood of transmission of meningitis waterborne and vector-borne diseases in the weeks and months following the earthquake
NOTES previous experience with earthquakes that caused major structural damage has demonstrated that the incidence of crush syndrome is 2-15 with approximately 50 of those with crush syndrome developing acute renal failure and over 50 needing fasciotomy Of those with renal failure 50 need dialysis
WHAT IS HYPOTHERMIA bull A medical emergency that occurs when body heat is lost faster than it
is metabolically produced bull Medical definition Hypothermia is defined as core body temperature
below 95 F (35 C) bull Left untreated hypothermia can be fatal
SYMPTOMS Shivering Lack of coordination Slurred speech Difficulty thinking Drowsiness or low energy Progressive loss of consciousness Apathy Weak Pulse Slow shallow breathing
WHAT CAUSES HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it The most common causes of hypothermia are exposure to cold-weather conditions or cold water But prolonged exposure to any environment colder than your body can lead to hypothermia if you arent dressed appropriately or cant control the conditions
HYPOTHERMIA
BODY TEMPERATURE DESCRIPTION SYMPTOMS
CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT
37 986 No hypothermia No hypothermia
Below 35 95 Definition of hypothermia
NA
32 to 35 896 to 95 Mild
hypothermia
Shivering Lethargy apathy confusion Rapid heart rate
28 to 32 824 to 896 Moderate
hypothermia
Shivering stops Increased confusion or delirium Slowing heart rate may become irregular
Below 28 Below 824 Severe
hypothermia
Coma Ventricular fibrillation May appear deceased
20 68 Brain activity stops
FIRST AID
bull Severely hypothermic individuals should be handled carefully as vigorous movements can trigger cardiac arrhythmias including fatal ventricular fibrillation
bull Move hypothermic persons from the cold remove any wet clothing and cover with blankets
bull Provide warm beverages if the person is able to swallow bull Apply warm dry compress to the neck chest wall or groin bull Do not apply any direct heat bull Monitor breathing and pulse Assist ventilations and perform CPR if
necessary
SOURCE THE MAYO CLINIC OUTDOOR ACTION GUIDE
bull Sheltering Activities Tents blankets sleeping bags and heaters have been dispatched and distributed in the disaster-affected area to cover the need for emergency shelter
bull Turkish Red Crescent disaster response teams established three tent camps in the Erccedilis District of Van
bull Two Mevlana House Camps (278 Mevlana pre-fabricated houses) are being established both in Van Central Province and Ercis District 1968 Prefabricated Mevlana Houses have already been distributed to 48 villages which are located in higher altitude and colder areas
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 | IFRC EMERGENCY APPEAL OPERATION UPDATE TURKEY VAN EARTHQUAKE
TURKISH RED CRESCENT DISASTER OPERATIONS UPDATE ndash 8| OCHA SITREP NO7 |
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HUMANITARIAN AID DEPARTMENT
bull The Government has ordered TOKI (governmental agency on construction) to construct houses for the affected population as quickly as possible
bull For temporary shelter purposes containers are being manufactured and will be dispatched to the earthquake as soon as possible
ndash The Government has allocated 600000 TL ($32258000) to the Batman Governorship for the repair and maintenance of 260 containers in its possession and delivered to the affected areas in Van
ndash Another 100 containers manufactured under the management of Kocaeli Governorship will be delivered to the affected area on 3 November
bull The Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent are signing a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SHELTER
Due to the present weather conditions and presuming that it becomes worse in the coming weeks the provision of winterized tents and prefabricated houses would be the best solution in order to meet the needs of the affected population Many people are afraid to return to their houses due to the frequent aftershocks that mean the increased request for tents
BACKGROUND
bull A magnitude-72 earthquake struck 12 miles northeast of the city of Van in eastern Turkey on Sunday October 23 2011 at 141 pm local time at the epicenter (time in other time zones) The earthquake occurred at a depth of 124 miles and causing strong shaking throughout a broad area and significant damage to Van and neighboring towns
bull The epicenter of the quake was in the village of Tabanli at Ercis district in the eastern province of Van The province borders Iran on the east The earthquake was also felt in the Van province city center as well as the neighboring 11 provinces including Ağrı Batman Igdir Muş Bingoumll Tunceli Diyarbakır Siirt Sirnak Mardin and Erzurum
bull The HDI (Human Development Index) in the affected region (Van Hakkari Bitlis Mus) is among the lowest in Turkey The HDI is a combination of literacy rate life expectancy and GDP (per capita) In the Van area (0630) the HDI is equivalent to Bhutan Solomon Islands India or Congo as compared to the average HDI of Turkey which is 0810 The development of the region poses many problems for health issues
bull Van Province has a population of 1035 million The average household size is between 7 and 8 persons It has 539619 residents living in cities and a village population of 495799
bull The current version of the USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) estimate is that economic losses are most likely to be in the $1ndash10 billion range and fatalities are likely to be in the 100ndash1000 range
bull Turkey is a tectonically active country that experiences frequent destructive earthquakes Quakes in this region are controlled by the Arabian and Eurasian tectonic plates The Arabian plate converges with Eurasia in a northerly direction at a rate of approximately 24 millimeters per year in this area
SOURCE OCHA SITREP USGS NYT
An earthquake of magnitude 72 struck the eastern city of Van in Turkey killing hundreds and injuring 350 on Sunday afternoon The epicenter of the quake is reportedly located in the village of Tabanli in Van province bordering Iran Source Reuters
Turkish soldier stands near collapsed building in Ercis near the eastern Turkish city of Van REUTERSBaz Ratner
TURKEY EARTHQUAKE AND AFTERSHOCKS HIGH DEFINITION
SOURCE OCHA SITREP No7 VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20111200 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (30 OCTOBER 20110600 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (28 OCTOBER 2011 1530 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (27 OCTOBER 2011 1145 AM IFRC Info Bulletin 1 IFRC Info Bulletin 2 World Bulletin USGS Earthquake Report com
SITUATION
As of 30 OCT 2011 The death toll is at 601 the number of injured 4152 the number pulled from rubble alive 188 (AFAD) AFTERSHOCKS There have been 1769 aftershocks since the earthquake occurred bull 637 aftershocks with magnitudes 2-3 bull 850 aftershocks with magnitudes 3-4 bull 108 aftershocks with magnitudes 4-5 bull 7 aftershocks with magnitudes 5-6
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT bull A technical committee of 20 personnel from the government and 200
technical personnel from different provinces have started preliminary damage assessment
bull All disaster and emergency centers of related ministries operating 247 bull On 24 OCT 2011 the Ministry of Education indicated many schools in the
area collapsed or were seriously damaged With the possible exception of boarding schools they were all empty and resulted in no casualties
UTILITIES Electricity and telecommunications services have been disrupted in the city of Van and the nearby town of Erciş (Van) Damage to buildings has also occurred in parts of the neighboring Bitlis and Hakkari Provinces DEPLOYED ASSETS bull Search and rescue medical and first aid personnel from 48 different
provinces and 39 different institutions have been deployed to the region
bull In total 4446 search-rescue personnel 1796 medical personnel 18 search dogs 653 construction vehicles 173 ambulances (7 of them air ambulances) 11 mobile hospitals (6 of them in service) 143 generators 77 reflectors 141 WC-shower bath containers 44164 tents (9436 of them from abroad) 109 tents for general usage 60 prefabricated houses 15 house containers 2310 Mevlana type prefabricated houses 165531 blankets 1179 quilts 37 portable kitchens 3051 kitchen sets 6915 catalytic stoves 5792 sleeping bags 1000 folding beds and 1 mobile oven have been delivered to the region
FOOD bull Food items have been sent by different sources including from provinces
neighboring Van bull Red Crescent is continuing to distribute hot meals three times a day to the
affected population WATER People in the earthquake area have been warned by the Ministry of Health to drink only bottled water Many cases of diarrhea have been reported locally
LIVESTOCK bull Farmers and livestock breeders will need support to resume their
activities bull The earthquake had a very high toll on livestock ndash cattle and sheep ndash
which is the main economy in the rural areas
DAMAGE NUMBERS
Collapsed buildings 2309
Severely damaged 11847
Moderately damaged 17923
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT - ERCIS
HIGH DEFINITION
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT - BITLIS HIGH DEFINITION
INTERNATIONAL ASSITANCE
bull The Government of Turkey has called for international assistance only in terms of tents prefabricated houses and containers In that regard on 31 October at the Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent signed a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000 persons that were rendered homeless after the Van earthquake These housing units made of steel and fully insulated include two rooms a kitchenette and a bathroom and toilet which will be connected to electricity water and sewage
bull This EU operation comes in addition of the supply currently under way of some 6600 family tents accommodating approximately 35000 persons The tents have been provided through grants from some 18 EU Member States1 while part of the air transport costs and the coordination are provided by the European Commissions Humanitarian Assistance and Civil Protection unit ECHO Most tents consignments have already been delivered to Erzurum airport
bull UNHCR has donated a total of 4000 tents 50000 blankets and 10000 sleeping mats out of which 500 tents and 1000 blankets have been received by the Government in the meantime (AFAD)
bull For the reception of international assistance coming by air Erzurum is determined to be logistics center and Erzurum Governorship is assigned to establish this center and transfer the aids to Van
ndash In the case that the Erzurum Airports capacity is exceeded the Military Airport will be used and an alternative
bull For the reception of international assistance coming by land Logistics Reception Center has been established by Van Governorship
bull European Union granted 10 million TL to Turkish Red Crescent in order to provide temporary housing units for homeless
AID-IN-KIND THAT HAS BEEN DELIVERED TO TURKEY
SOURCE OCHA SITREP9 VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20110500 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20111200 PM)
VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (30 OCTOBER 20110600 PM)
TURKISH RED CRESCENT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
Children play near relief tents for people left homeless by the earthquake in Ercis near the eastern Turkish city of Van SOURCE Source REUTERSBaz Ratner
THE TRC CRISIS MANAGEMENT DESKS
bull The TRCS Crisis Management Desks in the Disaster Management Center (HQ) (Ankara) the Northern Anatolia (Erzurum) the South-eastern Anatolia (Elazığ) the Eastern Anatolia (Muş) and the Mediterranean (Adana) Regional Disaster Management Centers and Sivas and Diyarbakir Local Disaster Management Centers are currently staffed There are also 5 staff from Elazığ Regional Disaster Center
DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS
bull 2 staff from Muş Disaster Management Center and 3 staff from Erzurum Regional Disaster Management Center have been deployed to the Van Province to conduct needs assessments
bull Damage assessment is being conducted through the Turkish Red Crescent Branch Offices District Governorates Gendarmerie Commands Security Departments in the town and cities and is being coordinated from the Disaster Management Center (HQ)
COMMUNITY SUPPORT
bull The TRCS alerted all its units in Turkey in order to meet the urgent shelter and food needs of the victims and dispatched the relief items from Ankara Elazığ Erzurum Adana Muş and Manisa Regional Disaster
bull Management Centers and also deployed 167 disaster specialists (including 30 volunteers) 37 vehicles TRCS also deployed volunteers composed of mukhtars clergies police forces and teachers that were trained within the framework of the project on ldquoOrganizing Community Leadersrdquo for this kind of disaster situations
bull Tent camps have been established and delivery of tents to affected families has also started
BLOOD SUPPORT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
bull Following devastating earthquake TRCrsquos Regional Blood Center based in Van communicated immediately with hospitals in the affected area and created additional stocks of blood in the Hospitals
bull Level of blood stocks was heightened with the transportation of 350 units of blood especially of negative blood group from Erzurum Regional Blood Center one hour after the earthquake
bull After the re-opening of the airport a total stock of 18000 units of erythrocyte suspension was sent to Van from other regional blood centers for the purpose of stock replenishment
bull Stocks of blood have been continuously replenished when they fall below 800 units Erzurum and Ankara Regional Blood Centers are also creating additional blood stocks for the replenishment of stocks in the affected areas in case of need
bull Turkish Red Crescent is self-sufficient to cover the blood requirements of the health institutions upon their request The quantity of blood which has been sent to hospitals in the region and blood usage in the period between 23 October 2011 and 31 October 2011 (See Chart)
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 OCHA Report 7 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT
bull Psychologists and social service specialists were assigned to the disaster affected regions to provide psycho-social support for the victims who have lost family members and for victims who have experienced post-traumatic stress due to the quake
bull 18 psych-social workers from various cities are working in Van and Erciş Turkish Psychological Association Turkish Association of Social Workers Turkish Psychiatry Association Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Association and Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry are providing psycho-social support in the disaster area
bull In order to provide psycho-social and social support services qualified staff have been assigned to the Van Provincial Governorate 30 field tents have been set up to deliver these services
ACTIVITIES
bull Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate and Ministry of Social and Family Affairs were contacted to establish a psycho-social support center in Van and Erciş and to plan long term activities National Theatre in central Van will be used as the psycho-social support center as soon as the damage assessment is over Psycho-social support activities will also start when the 4 tents in central Van are pitched in Erciş
bull Psychological support divisions in hospitals were assessed with the Health Directorate and State Hospitalrsquos Head Physician to estimate needs for long-term referral systems
bull Schools will open on November 18 psycho-social support and consultation programs have been arranged
bull Erciş District Governorship was informed of the current situation and was asked for a suitable area for psycho-social support activities
bull 1 child psychiatrist 2 psychiatrists 4 psychologists 4 social service specialists started to work in the Erciş Tent City Individual interviews needs assessments and planning are being carried out especially for children and women
bull WHOUNICEFIOM are coordinating tools with their related ministries for psychological support to affected populations
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
An earthquake survivor rests in a field hospital in the eastern Turkish town of Ercis on Oct 26 SOURCE REUTERSOsman Orsal
bull The hospital in Ercis was badly damaged in the earthquake according to reports from earthquake-reportcom medical tents have been deployed to replace the hospital There were 179 hospital beds per 100000 population in Van Province as of 2007 (1851 total beds in the province) so most hospital beds were occupied at the time of the quake Over 1300 people were injured Patients have already been moved to Ankara and Erzurum
bull As part of the overall coordination provided by the Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency the Turkish Ministry of Health - Disaster and Emergency Coordination Centre (SAKOM) is coordinating the health response and has deployed 6 helicopter ambulances 4 plane ambulances and 201 land ambulances to the Van province
bull The Ministry of Health has prepared 1700 hospital beds in Ağrı Erzurum Bitlis Diyarbakır Muş Iğdır and Ankara for further medical evacuations
bull Air ambulances are transporting medical rescue teams to the earthquake-affected area and are evacuating patients
bull Temporary tent hospitals have been established in Van and in Erciş to provide additional health services in the affected areas
SOURCE CHA Report 7
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
WHO - Information Bulletin Earthquake in eastern Turkey (Van Region)
CEDIM Forensic Earthquake Analysis Group
IFRC Info Bulletin 1
IFRC Info Bulletin 2
bull Ministry of Health is continuing rapid public health assessment of affected populations living in camps and assessment of related services
HEALTH RISKS - EARTHQUAKE
SOURCE CDC| WHO| CDC- CRUSH INJURIES| WHO - PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
IMMEDIATE RISKS
Earthquakes cause high mortality resulting from trauma asphyxia dust inhalation (acute respiratory distress) or exposure to the environment (eg hypothermia) bull Wounds and Injuries will be numerous due to the initial impact of the
earthquake and subsequent rescue and clean-up activities
ndash Crush injury is defined as compression of extremities or other parts of the body that causes muscle swelling andor neurological disturbances in the affected areas of the body Typically affected areas of the body include lower extremities (74) upper extremities (10) and trunk (9)
ndash Crush syndrome is localized crush injury with systemic manifestations These systemic effects are caused by a traumatic rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) and the release of potentially toxic muscle cell components and electrolytes into the circulatory system Crush syndrome can cause local tissue injury organ dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities including acidosis hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia
ndash Risk of wound infection and tetanus are high due to the difficulties with immediate access to health facilities and delayed presentation of acute injuries
ndash Gangrene is a complication of wound contamination and prompt wound treatment is critical for its prevention Gangrenous wounds should be managed aggressively with surgical removal of gangrenous tissue There is no risk of transmission of gangrene to unaffected persons
EARTHQUAKE AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Earthquakes may increase the transmission of the following bull WaterSanitationHygiene-related and Foodborne Diseases
ndash Displaced populations are at high risk from outbreaks of water sanitation and hygiene and foodborne-related diseases due to reduced access to safe water and sanitation systems
ndash Disruption of usual water sources and contamination of water by damaged sewage infrastructure may result in unsafe drinking water
bull Diseases Associated With Crowding ndash Population displacement can result in overcrowding in resettlement
areas raising the risk of transmission of certain communicable diseases that are spread from person to person through respiratory droplets such as measles diphtheria and pertussis (see section below on vaccine-preventable diseases) and acute respiratory infections or ARI This risk is increased with inadequate ventilation
ndash Overcrowding can also increase the likelihood of transmission of meningitis waterborne and vector-borne diseases in the weeks and months following the earthquake
NOTES previous experience with earthquakes that caused major structural damage has demonstrated that the incidence of crush syndrome is 2-15 with approximately 50 of those with crush syndrome developing acute renal failure and over 50 needing fasciotomy Of those with renal failure 50 need dialysis
WHAT IS HYPOTHERMIA bull A medical emergency that occurs when body heat is lost faster than it
is metabolically produced bull Medical definition Hypothermia is defined as core body temperature
below 95 F (35 C) bull Left untreated hypothermia can be fatal
SYMPTOMS Shivering Lack of coordination Slurred speech Difficulty thinking Drowsiness or low energy Progressive loss of consciousness Apathy Weak Pulse Slow shallow breathing
WHAT CAUSES HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it The most common causes of hypothermia are exposure to cold-weather conditions or cold water But prolonged exposure to any environment colder than your body can lead to hypothermia if you arent dressed appropriately or cant control the conditions
HYPOTHERMIA
BODY TEMPERATURE DESCRIPTION SYMPTOMS
CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT
37 986 No hypothermia No hypothermia
Below 35 95 Definition of hypothermia
NA
32 to 35 896 to 95 Mild
hypothermia
Shivering Lethargy apathy confusion Rapid heart rate
28 to 32 824 to 896 Moderate
hypothermia
Shivering stops Increased confusion or delirium Slowing heart rate may become irregular
Below 28 Below 824 Severe
hypothermia
Coma Ventricular fibrillation May appear deceased
20 68 Brain activity stops
FIRST AID
bull Severely hypothermic individuals should be handled carefully as vigorous movements can trigger cardiac arrhythmias including fatal ventricular fibrillation
bull Move hypothermic persons from the cold remove any wet clothing and cover with blankets
bull Provide warm beverages if the person is able to swallow bull Apply warm dry compress to the neck chest wall or groin bull Do not apply any direct heat bull Monitor breathing and pulse Assist ventilations and perform CPR if
necessary
SOURCE THE MAYO CLINIC OUTDOOR ACTION GUIDE
bull Sheltering Activities Tents blankets sleeping bags and heaters have been dispatched and distributed in the disaster-affected area to cover the need for emergency shelter
bull Turkish Red Crescent disaster response teams established three tent camps in the Erccedilis District of Van
bull Two Mevlana House Camps (278 Mevlana pre-fabricated houses) are being established both in Van Central Province and Ercis District 1968 Prefabricated Mevlana Houses have already been distributed to 48 villages which are located in higher altitude and colder areas
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 | IFRC EMERGENCY APPEAL OPERATION UPDATE TURKEY VAN EARTHQUAKE
TURKISH RED CRESCENT DISASTER OPERATIONS UPDATE ndash 8| OCHA SITREP NO7 |
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HUMANITARIAN AID DEPARTMENT
bull The Government has ordered TOKI (governmental agency on construction) to construct houses for the affected population as quickly as possible
bull For temporary shelter purposes containers are being manufactured and will be dispatched to the earthquake as soon as possible
ndash The Government has allocated 600000 TL ($32258000) to the Batman Governorship for the repair and maintenance of 260 containers in its possession and delivered to the affected areas in Van
ndash Another 100 containers manufactured under the management of Kocaeli Governorship will be delivered to the affected area on 3 November
bull The Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent are signing a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SHELTER
Due to the present weather conditions and presuming that it becomes worse in the coming weeks the provision of winterized tents and prefabricated houses would be the best solution in order to meet the needs of the affected population Many people are afraid to return to their houses due to the frequent aftershocks that mean the increased request for tents
TURKEY EARTHQUAKE AND AFTERSHOCKS HIGH DEFINITION
SOURCE OCHA SITREP No7 VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20111200 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (30 OCTOBER 20110600 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (28 OCTOBER 2011 1530 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (27 OCTOBER 2011 1145 AM IFRC Info Bulletin 1 IFRC Info Bulletin 2 World Bulletin USGS Earthquake Report com
SITUATION
As of 30 OCT 2011 The death toll is at 601 the number of injured 4152 the number pulled from rubble alive 188 (AFAD) AFTERSHOCKS There have been 1769 aftershocks since the earthquake occurred bull 637 aftershocks with magnitudes 2-3 bull 850 aftershocks with magnitudes 3-4 bull 108 aftershocks with magnitudes 4-5 bull 7 aftershocks with magnitudes 5-6
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT bull A technical committee of 20 personnel from the government and 200
technical personnel from different provinces have started preliminary damage assessment
bull All disaster and emergency centers of related ministries operating 247 bull On 24 OCT 2011 the Ministry of Education indicated many schools in the
area collapsed or were seriously damaged With the possible exception of boarding schools they were all empty and resulted in no casualties
UTILITIES Electricity and telecommunications services have been disrupted in the city of Van and the nearby town of Erciş (Van) Damage to buildings has also occurred in parts of the neighboring Bitlis and Hakkari Provinces DEPLOYED ASSETS bull Search and rescue medical and first aid personnel from 48 different
provinces and 39 different institutions have been deployed to the region
bull In total 4446 search-rescue personnel 1796 medical personnel 18 search dogs 653 construction vehicles 173 ambulances (7 of them air ambulances) 11 mobile hospitals (6 of them in service) 143 generators 77 reflectors 141 WC-shower bath containers 44164 tents (9436 of them from abroad) 109 tents for general usage 60 prefabricated houses 15 house containers 2310 Mevlana type prefabricated houses 165531 blankets 1179 quilts 37 portable kitchens 3051 kitchen sets 6915 catalytic stoves 5792 sleeping bags 1000 folding beds and 1 mobile oven have been delivered to the region
FOOD bull Food items have been sent by different sources including from provinces
neighboring Van bull Red Crescent is continuing to distribute hot meals three times a day to the
affected population WATER People in the earthquake area have been warned by the Ministry of Health to drink only bottled water Many cases of diarrhea have been reported locally
LIVESTOCK bull Farmers and livestock breeders will need support to resume their
activities bull The earthquake had a very high toll on livestock ndash cattle and sheep ndash
which is the main economy in the rural areas
DAMAGE NUMBERS
Collapsed buildings 2309
Severely damaged 11847
Moderately damaged 17923
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT - ERCIS
HIGH DEFINITION
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT - BITLIS HIGH DEFINITION
INTERNATIONAL ASSITANCE
bull The Government of Turkey has called for international assistance only in terms of tents prefabricated houses and containers In that regard on 31 October at the Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent signed a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000 persons that were rendered homeless after the Van earthquake These housing units made of steel and fully insulated include two rooms a kitchenette and a bathroom and toilet which will be connected to electricity water and sewage
bull This EU operation comes in addition of the supply currently under way of some 6600 family tents accommodating approximately 35000 persons The tents have been provided through grants from some 18 EU Member States1 while part of the air transport costs and the coordination are provided by the European Commissions Humanitarian Assistance and Civil Protection unit ECHO Most tents consignments have already been delivered to Erzurum airport
bull UNHCR has donated a total of 4000 tents 50000 blankets and 10000 sleeping mats out of which 500 tents and 1000 blankets have been received by the Government in the meantime (AFAD)
bull For the reception of international assistance coming by air Erzurum is determined to be logistics center and Erzurum Governorship is assigned to establish this center and transfer the aids to Van
ndash In the case that the Erzurum Airports capacity is exceeded the Military Airport will be used and an alternative
bull For the reception of international assistance coming by land Logistics Reception Center has been established by Van Governorship
bull European Union granted 10 million TL to Turkish Red Crescent in order to provide temporary housing units for homeless
AID-IN-KIND THAT HAS BEEN DELIVERED TO TURKEY
SOURCE OCHA SITREP9 VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20110500 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20111200 PM)
VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (30 OCTOBER 20110600 PM)
TURKISH RED CRESCENT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
Children play near relief tents for people left homeless by the earthquake in Ercis near the eastern Turkish city of Van SOURCE Source REUTERSBaz Ratner
THE TRC CRISIS MANAGEMENT DESKS
bull The TRCS Crisis Management Desks in the Disaster Management Center (HQ) (Ankara) the Northern Anatolia (Erzurum) the South-eastern Anatolia (Elazığ) the Eastern Anatolia (Muş) and the Mediterranean (Adana) Regional Disaster Management Centers and Sivas and Diyarbakir Local Disaster Management Centers are currently staffed There are also 5 staff from Elazığ Regional Disaster Center
DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS
bull 2 staff from Muş Disaster Management Center and 3 staff from Erzurum Regional Disaster Management Center have been deployed to the Van Province to conduct needs assessments
bull Damage assessment is being conducted through the Turkish Red Crescent Branch Offices District Governorates Gendarmerie Commands Security Departments in the town and cities and is being coordinated from the Disaster Management Center (HQ)
COMMUNITY SUPPORT
bull The TRCS alerted all its units in Turkey in order to meet the urgent shelter and food needs of the victims and dispatched the relief items from Ankara Elazığ Erzurum Adana Muş and Manisa Regional Disaster
bull Management Centers and also deployed 167 disaster specialists (including 30 volunteers) 37 vehicles TRCS also deployed volunteers composed of mukhtars clergies police forces and teachers that were trained within the framework of the project on ldquoOrganizing Community Leadersrdquo for this kind of disaster situations
bull Tent camps have been established and delivery of tents to affected families has also started
BLOOD SUPPORT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
bull Following devastating earthquake TRCrsquos Regional Blood Center based in Van communicated immediately with hospitals in the affected area and created additional stocks of blood in the Hospitals
bull Level of blood stocks was heightened with the transportation of 350 units of blood especially of negative blood group from Erzurum Regional Blood Center one hour after the earthquake
bull After the re-opening of the airport a total stock of 18000 units of erythrocyte suspension was sent to Van from other regional blood centers for the purpose of stock replenishment
bull Stocks of blood have been continuously replenished when they fall below 800 units Erzurum and Ankara Regional Blood Centers are also creating additional blood stocks for the replenishment of stocks in the affected areas in case of need
bull Turkish Red Crescent is self-sufficient to cover the blood requirements of the health institutions upon their request The quantity of blood which has been sent to hospitals in the region and blood usage in the period between 23 October 2011 and 31 October 2011 (See Chart)
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 OCHA Report 7 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT
bull Psychologists and social service specialists were assigned to the disaster affected regions to provide psycho-social support for the victims who have lost family members and for victims who have experienced post-traumatic stress due to the quake
bull 18 psych-social workers from various cities are working in Van and Erciş Turkish Psychological Association Turkish Association of Social Workers Turkish Psychiatry Association Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Association and Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry are providing psycho-social support in the disaster area
bull In order to provide psycho-social and social support services qualified staff have been assigned to the Van Provincial Governorate 30 field tents have been set up to deliver these services
ACTIVITIES
bull Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate and Ministry of Social and Family Affairs were contacted to establish a psycho-social support center in Van and Erciş and to plan long term activities National Theatre in central Van will be used as the psycho-social support center as soon as the damage assessment is over Psycho-social support activities will also start when the 4 tents in central Van are pitched in Erciş
bull Psychological support divisions in hospitals were assessed with the Health Directorate and State Hospitalrsquos Head Physician to estimate needs for long-term referral systems
bull Schools will open on November 18 psycho-social support and consultation programs have been arranged
bull Erciş District Governorship was informed of the current situation and was asked for a suitable area for psycho-social support activities
bull 1 child psychiatrist 2 psychiatrists 4 psychologists 4 social service specialists started to work in the Erciş Tent City Individual interviews needs assessments and planning are being carried out especially for children and women
bull WHOUNICEFIOM are coordinating tools with their related ministries for psychological support to affected populations
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
An earthquake survivor rests in a field hospital in the eastern Turkish town of Ercis on Oct 26 SOURCE REUTERSOsman Orsal
bull The hospital in Ercis was badly damaged in the earthquake according to reports from earthquake-reportcom medical tents have been deployed to replace the hospital There were 179 hospital beds per 100000 population in Van Province as of 2007 (1851 total beds in the province) so most hospital beds were occupied at the time of the quake Over 1300 people were injured Patients have already been moved to Ankara and Erzurum
bull As part of the overall coordination provided by the Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency the Turkish Ministry of Health - Disaster and Emergency Coordination Centre (SAKOM) is coordinating the health response and has deployed 6 helicopter ambulances 4 plane ambulances and 201 land ambulances to the Van province
bull The Ministry of Health has prepared 1700 hospital beds in Ağrı Erzurum Bitlis Diyarbakır Muş Iğdır and Ankara for further medical evacuations
bull Air ambulances are transporting medical rescue teams to the earthquake-affected area and are evacuating patients
bull Temporary tent hospitals have been established in Van and in Erciş to provide additional health services in the affected areas
SOURCE CHA Report 7
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
WHO - Information Bulletin Earthquake in eastern Turkey (Van Region)
CEDIM Forensic Earthquake Analysis Group
IFRC Info Bulletin 1
IFRC Info Bulletin 2
bull Ministry of Health is continuing rapid public health assessment of affected populations living in camps and assessment of related services
HEALTH RISKS - EARTHQUAKE
SOURCE CDC| WHO| CDC- CRUSH INJURIES| WHO - PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
IMMEDIATE RISKS
Earthquakes cause high mortality resulting from trauma asphyxia dust inhalation (acute respiratory distress) or exposure to the environment (eg hypothermia) bull Wounds and Injuries will be numerous due to the initial impact of the
earthquake and subsequent rescue and clean-up activities
ndash Crush injury is defined as compression of extremities or other parts of the body that causes muscle swelling andor neurological disturbances in the affected areas of the body Typically affected areas of the body include lower extremities (74) upper extremities (10) and trunk (9)
ndash Crush syndrome is localized crush injury with systemic manifestations These systemic effects are caused by a traumatic rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) and the release of potentially toxic muscle cell components and electrolytes into the circulatory system Crush syndrome can cause local tissue injury organ dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities including acidosis hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia
ndash Risk of wound infection and tetanus are high due to the difficulties with immediate access to health facilities and delayed presentation of acute injuries
ndash Gangrene is a complication of wound contamination and prompt wound treatment is critical for its prevention Gangrenous wounds should be managed aggressively with surgical removal of gangrenous tissue There is no risk of transmission of gangrene to unaffected persons
EARTHQUAKE AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Earthquakes may increase the transmission of the following bull WaterSanitationHygiene-related and Foodborne Diseases
ndash Displaced populations are at high risk from outbreaks of water sanitation and hygiene and foodborne-related diseases due to reduced access to safe water and sanitation systems
ndash Disruption of usual water sources and contamination of water by damaged sewage infrastructure may result in unsafe drinking water
bull Diseases Associated With Crowding ndash Population displacement can result in overcrowding in resettlement
areas raising the risk of transmission of certain communicable diseases that are spread from person to person through respiratory droplets such as measles diphtheria and pertussis (see section below on vaccine-preventable diseases) and acute respiratory infections or ARI This risk is increased with inadequate ventilation
ndash Overcrowding can also increase the likelihood of transmission of meningitis waterborne and vector-borne diseases in the weeks and months following the earthquake
NOTES previous experience with earthquakes that caused major structural damage has demonstrated that the incidence of crush syndrome is 2-15 with approximately 50 of those with crush syndrome developing acute renal failure and over 50 needing fasciotomy Of those with renal failure 50 need dialysis
WHAT IS HYPOTHERMIA bull A medical emergency that occurs when body heat is lost faster than it
is metabolically produced bull Medical definition Hypothermia is defined as core body temperature
below 95 F (35 C) bull Left untreated hypothermia can be fatal
SYMPTOMS Shivering Lack of coordination Slurred speech Difficulty thinking Drowsiness or low energy Progressive loss of consciousness Apathy Weak Pulse Slow shallow breathing
WHAT CAUSES HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it The most common causes of hypothermia are exposure to cold-weather conditions or cold water But prolonged exposure to any environment colder than your body can lead to hypothermia if you arent dressed appropriately or cant control the conditions
HYPOTHERMIA
BODY TEMPERATURE DESCRIPTION SYMPTOMS
CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT
37 986 No hypothermia No hypothermia
Below 35 95 Definition of hypothermia
NA
32 to 35 896 to 95 Mild
hypothermia
Shivering Lethargy apathy confusion Rapid heart rate
28 to 32 824 to 896 Moderate
hypothermia
Shivering stops Increased confusion or delirium Slowing heart rate may become irregular
Below 28 Below 824 Severe
hypothermia
Coma Ventricular fibrillation May appear deceased
20 68 Brain activity stops
FIRST AID
bull Severely hypothermic individuals should be handled carefully as vigorous movements can trigger cardiac arrhythmias including fatal ventricular fibrillation
bull Move hypothermic persons from the cold remove any wet clothing and cover with blankets
bull Provide warm beverages if the person is able to swallow bull Apply warm dry compress to the neck chest wall or groin bull Do not apply any direct heat bull Monitor breathing and pulse Assist ventilations and perform CPR if
necessary
SOURCE THE MAYO CLINIC OUTDOOR ACTION GUIDE
bull Sheltering Activities Tents blankets sleeping bags and heaters have been dispatched and distributed in the disaster-affected area to cover the need for emergency shelter
bull Turkish Red Crescent disaster response teams established three tent camps in the Erccedilis District of Van
bull Two Mevlana House Camps (278 Mevlana pre-fabricated houses) are being established both in Van Central Province and Ercis District 1968 Prefabricated Mevlana Houses have already been distributed to 48 villages which are located in higher altitude and colder areas
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 | IFRC EMERGENCY APPEAL OPERATION UPDATE TURKEY VAN EARTHQUAKE
TURKISH RED CRESCENT DISASTER OPERATIONS UPDATE ndash 8| OCHA SITREP NO7 |
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HUMANITARIAN AID DEPARTMENT
bull The Government has ordered TOKI (governmental agency on construction) to construct houses for the affected population as quickly as possible
bull For temporary shelter purposes containers are being manufactured and will be dispatched to the earthquake as soon as possible
ndash The Government has allocated 600000 TL ($32258000) to the Batman Governorship for the repair and maintenance of 260 containers in its possession and delivered to the affected areas in Van
ndash Another 100 containers manufactured under the management of Kocaeli Governorship will be delivered to the affected area on 3 November
bull The Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent are signing a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SHELTER
Due to the present weather conditions and presuming that it becomes worse in the coming weeks the provision of winterized tents and prefabricated houses would be the best solution in order to meet the needs of the affected population Many people are afraid to return to their houses due to the frequent aftershocks that mean the increased request for tents
SOURCE OCHA SITREP No7 VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20111200 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (30 OCTOBER 20110600 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (28 OCTOBER 2011 1530 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (27 OCTOBER 2011 1145 AM IFRC Info Bulletin 1 IFRC Info Bulletin 2 World Bulletin USGS Earthquake Report com
SITUATION
As of 30 OCT 2011 The death toll is at 601 the number of injured 4152 the number pulled from rubble alive 188 (AFAD) AFTERSHOCKS There have been 1769 aftershocks since the earthquake occurred bull 637 aftershocks with magnitudes 2-3 bull 850 aftershocks with magnitudes 3-4 bull 108 aftershocks with magnitudes 4-5 bull 7 aftershocks with magnitudes 5-6
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT bull A technical committee of 20 personnel from the government and 200
technical personnel from different provinces have started preliminary damage assessment
bull All disaster and emergency centers of related ministries operating 247 bull On 24 OCT 2011 the Ministry of Education indicated many schools in the
area collapsed or were seriously damaged With the possible exception of boarding schools they were all empty and resulted in no casualties
UTILITIES Electricity and telecommunications services have been disrupted in the city of Van and the nearby town of Erciş (Van) Damage to buildings has also occurred in parts of the neighboring Bitlis and Hakkari Provinces DEPLOYED ASSETS bull Search and rescue medical and first aid personnel from 48 different
provinces and 39 different institutions have been deployed to the region
bull In total 4446 search-rescue personnel 1796 medical personnel 18 search dogs 653 construction vehicles 173 ambulances (7 of them air ambulances) 11 mobile hospitals (6 of them in service) 143 generators 77 reflectors 141 WC-shower bath containers 44164 tents (9436 of them from abroad) 109 tents for general usage 60 prefabricated houses 15 house containers 2310 Mevlana type prefabricated houses 165531 blankets 1179 quilts 37 portable kitchens 3051 kitchen sets 6915 catalytic stoves 5792 sleeping bags 1000 folding beds and 1 mobile oven have been delivered to the region
FOOD bull Food items have been sent by different sources including from provinces
neighboring Van bull Red Crescent is continuing to distribute hot meals three times a day to the
affected population WATER People in the earthquake area have been warned by the Ministry of Health to drink only bottled water Many cases of diarrhea have been reported locally
LIVESTOCK bull Farmers and livestock breeders will need support to resume their
activities bull The earthquake had a very high toll on livestock ndash cattle and sheep ndash
which is the main economy in the rural areas
DAMAGE NUMBERS
Collapsed buildings 2309
Severely damaged 11847
Moderately damaged 17923
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT - ERCIS
HIGH DEFINITION
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT - BITLIS HIGH DEFINITION
INTERNATIONAL ASSITANCE
bull The Government of Turkey has called for international assistance only in terms of tents prefabricated houses and containers In that regard on 31 October at the Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent signed a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000 persons that were rendered homeless after the Van earthquake These housing units made of steel and fully insulated include two rooms a kitchenette and a bathroom and toilet which will be connected to electricity water and sewage
bull This EU operation comes in addition of the supply currently under way of some 6600 family tents accommodating approximately 35000 persons The tents have been provided through grants from some 18 EU Member States1 while part of the air transport costs and the coordination are provided by the European Commissions Humanitarian Assistance and Civil Protection unit ECHO Most tents consignments have already been delivered to Erzurum airport
bull UNHCR has donated a total of 4000 tents 50000 blankets and 10000 sleeping mats out of which 500 tents and 1000 blankets have been received by the Government in the meantime (AFAD)
bull For the reception of international assistance coming by air Erzurum is determined to be logistics center and Erzurum Governorship is assigned to establish this center and transfer the aids to Van
ndash In the case that the Erzurum Airports capacity is exceeded the Military Airport will be used and an alternative
bull For the reception of international assistance coming by land Logistics Reception Center has been established by Van Governorship
bull European Union granted 10 million TL to Turkish Red Crescent in order to provide temporary housing units for homeless
AID-IN-KIND THAT HAS BEEN DELIVERED TO TURKEY
SOURCE OCHA SITREP9 VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20110500 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20111200 PM)
VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (30 OCTOBER 20110600 PM)
TURKISH RED CRESCENT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
Children play near relief tents for people left homeless by the earthquake in Ercis near the eastern Turkish city of Van SOURCE Source REUTERSBaz Ratner
THE TRC CRISIS MANAGEMENT DESKS
bull The TRCS Crisis Management Desks in the Disaster Management Center (HQ) (Ankara) the Northern Anatolia (Erzurum) the South-eastern Anatolia (Elazığ) the Eastern Anatolia (Muş) and the Mediterranean (Adana) Regional Disaster Management Centers and Sivas and Diyarbakir Local Disaster Management Centers are currently staffed There are also 5 staff from Elazığ Regional Disaster Center
DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS
bull 2 staff from Muş Disaster Management Center and 3 staff from Erzurum Regional Disaster Management Center have been deployed to the Van Province to conduct needs assessments
bull Damage assessment is being conducted through the Turkish Red Crescent Branch Offices District Governorates Gendarmerie Commands Security Departments in the town and cities and is being coordinated from the Disaster Management Center (HQ)
COMMUNITY SUPPORT
bull The TRCS alerted all its units in Turkey in order to meet the urgent shelter and food needs of the victims and dispatched the relief items from Ankara Elazığ Erzurum Adana Muş and Manisa Regional Disaster
bull Management Centers and also deployed 167 disaster specialists (including 30 volunteers) 37 vehicles TRCS also deployed volunteers composed of mukhtars clergies police forces and teachers that were trained within the framework of the project on ldquoOrganizing Community Leadersrdquo for this kind of disaster situations
bull Tent camps have been established and delivery of tents to affected families has also started
BLOOD SUPPORT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
bull Following devastating earthquake TRCrsquos Regional Blood Center based in Van communicated immediately with hospitals in the affected area and created additional stocks of blood in the Hospitals
bull Level of blood stocks was heightened with the transportation of 350 units of blood especially of negative blood group from Erzurum Regional Blood Center one hour after the earthquake
bull After the re-opening of the airport a total stock of 18000 units of erythrocyte suspension was sent to Van from other regional blood centers for the purpose of stock replenishment
bull Stocks of blood have been continuously replenished when they fall below 800 units Erzurum and Ankara Regional Blood Centers are also creating additional blood stocks for the replenishment of stocks in the affected areas in case of need
bull Turkish Red Crescent is self-sufficient to cover the blood requirements of the health institutions upon their request The quantity of blood which has been sent to hospitals in the region and blood usage in the period between 23 October 2011 and 31 October 2011 (See Chart)
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 OCHA Report 7 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT
bull Psychologists and social service specialists were assigned to the disaster affected regions to provide psycho-social support for the victims who have lost family members and for victims who have experienced post-traumatic stress due to the quake
bull 18 psych-social workers from various cities are working in Van and Erciş Turkish Psychological Association Turkish Association of Social Workers Turkish Psychiatry Association Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Association and Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry are providing psycho-social support in the disaster area
bull In order to provide psycho-social and social support services qualified staff have been assigned to the Van Provincial Governorate 30 field tents have been set up to deliver these services
ACTIVITIES
bull Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate and Ministry of Social and Family Affairs were contacted to establish a psycho-social support center in Van and Erciş and to plan long term activities National Theatre in central Van will be used as the psycho-social support center as soon as the damage assessment is over Psycho-social support activities will also start when the 4 tents in central Van are pitched in Erciş
bull Psychological support divisions in hospitals were assessed with the Health Directorate and State Hospitalrsquos Head Physician to estimate needs for long-term referral systems
bull Schools will open on November 18 psycho-social support and consultation programs have been arranged
bull Erciş District Governorship was informed of the current situation and was asked for a suitable area for psycho-social support activities
bull 1 child psychiatrist 2 psychiatrists 4 psychologists 4 social service specialists started to work in the Erciş Tent City Individual interviews needs assessments and planning are being carried out especially for children and women
bull WHOUNICEFIOM are coordinating tools with their related ministries for psychological support to affected populations
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
An earthquake survivor rests in a field hospital in the eastern Turkish town of Ercis on Oct 26 SOURCE REUTERSOsman Orsal
bull The hospital in Ercis was badly damaged in the earthquake according to reports from earthquake-reportcom medical tents have been deployed to replace the hospital There were 179 hospital beds per 100000 population in Van Province as of 2007 (1851 total beds in the province) so most hospital beds were occupied at the time of the quake Over 1300 people were injured Patients have already been moved to Ankara and Erzurum
bull As part of the overall coordination provided by the Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency the Turkish Ministry of Health - Disaster and Emergency Coordination Centre (SAKOM) is coordinating the health response and has deployed 6 helicopter ambulances 4 plane ambulances and 201 land ambulances to the Van province
bull The Ministry of Health has prepared 1700 hospital beds in Ağrı Erzurum Bitlis Diyarbakır Muş Iğdır and Ankara for further medical evacuations
bull Air ambulances are transporting medical rescue teams to the earthquake-affected area and are evacuating patients
bull Temporary tent hospitals have been established in Van and in Erciş to provide additional health services in the affected areas
SOURCE CHA Report 7
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
WHO - Information Bulletin Earthquake in eastern Turkey (Van Region)
CEDIM Forensic Earthquake Analysis Group
IFRC Info Bulletin 1
IFRC Info Bulletin 2
bull Ministry of Health is continuing rapid public health assessment of affected populations living in camps and assessment of related services
HEALTH RISKS - EARTHQUAKE
SOURCE CDC| WHO| CDC- CRUSH INJURIES| WHO - PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
IMMEDIATE RISKS
Earthquakes cause high mortality resulting from trauma asphyxia dust inhalation (acute respiratory distress) or exposure to the environment (eg hypothermia) bull Wounds and Injuries will be numerous due to the initial impact of the
earthquake and subsequent rescue and clean-up activities
ndash Crush injury is defined as compression of extremities or other parts of the body that causes muscle swelling andor neurological disturbances in the affected areas of the body Typically affected areas of the body include lower extremities (74) upper extremities (10) and trunk (9)
ndash Crush syndrome is localized crush injury with systemic manifestations These systemic effects are caused by a traumatic rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) and the release of potentially toxic muscle cell components and electrolytes into the circulatory system Crush syndrome can cause local tissue injury organ dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities including acidosis hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia
ndash Risk of wound infection and tetanus are high due to the difficulties with immediate access to health facilities and delayed presentation of acute injuries
ndash Gangrene is a complication of wound contamination and prompt wound treatment is critical for its prevention Gangrenous wounds should be managed aggressively with surgical removal of gangrenous tissue There is no risk of transmission of gangrene to unaffected persons
EARTHQUAKE AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Earthquakes may increase the transmission of the following bull WaterSanitationHygiene-related and Foodborne Diseases
ndash Displaced populations are at high risk from outbreaks of water sanitation and hygiene and foodborne-related diseases due to reduced access to safe water and sanitation systems
ndash Disruption of usual water sources and contamination of water by damaged sewage infrastructure may result in unsafe drinking water
bull Diseases Associated With Crowding ndash Population displacement can result in overcrowding in resettlement
areas raising the risk of transmission of certain communicable diseases that are spread from person to person through respiratory droplets such as measles diphtheria and pertussis (see section below on vaccine-preventable diseases) and acute respiratory infections or ARI This risk is increased with inadequate ventilation
ndash Overcrowding can also increase the likelihood of transmission of meningitis waterborne and vector-borne diseases in the weeks and months following the earthquake
NOTES previous experience with earthquakes that caused major structural damage has demonstrated that the incidence of crush syndrome is 2-15 with approximately 50 of those with crush syndrome developing acute renal failure and over 50 needing fasciotomy Of those with renal failure 50 need dialysis
WHAT IS HYPOTHERMIA bull A medical emergency that occurs when body heat is lost faster than it
is metabolically produced bull Medical definition Hypothermia is defined as core body temperature
below 95 F (35 C) bull Left untreated hypothermia can be fatal
SYMPTOMS Shivering Lack of coordination Slurred speech Difficulty thinking Drowsiness or low energy Progressive loss of consciousness Apathy Weak Pulse Slow shallow breathing
WHAT CAUSES HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it The most common causes of hypothermia are exposure to cold-weather conditions or cold water But prolonged exposure to any environment colder than your body can lead to hypothermia if you arent dressed appropriately or cant control the conditions
HYPOTHERMIA
BODY TEMPERATURE DESCRIPTION SYMPTOMS
CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT
37 986 No hypothermia No hypothermia
Below 35 95 Definition of hypothermia
NA
32 to 35 896 to 95 Mild
hypothermia
Shivering Lethargy apathy confusion Rapid heart rate
28 to 32 824 to 896 Moderate
hypothermia
Shivering stops Increased confusion or delirium Slowing heart rate may become irregular
Below 28 Below 824 Severe
hypothermia
Coma Ventricular fibrillation May appear deceased
20 68 Brain activity stops
FIRST AID
bull Severely hypothermic individuals should be handled carefully as vigorous movements can trigger cardiac arrhythmias including fatal ventricular fibrillation
bull Move hypothermic persons from the cold remove any wet clothing and cover with blankets
bull Provide warm beverages if the person is able to swallow bull Apply warm dry compress to the neck chest wall or groin bull Do not apply any direct heat bull Monitor breathing and pulse Assist ventilations and perform CPR if
necessary
SOURCE THE MAYO CLINIC OUTDOOR ACTION GUIDE
bull Sheltering Activities Tents blankets sleeping bags and heaters have been dispatched and distributed in the disaster-affected area to cover the need for emergency shelter
bull Turkish Red Crescent disaster response teams established three tent camps in the Erccedilis District of Van
bull Two Mevlana House Camps (278 Mevlana pre-fabricated houses) are being established both in Van Central Province and Ercis District 1968 Prefabricated Mevlana Houses have already been distributed to 48 villages which are located in higher altitude and colder areas
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 | IFRC EMERGENCY APPEAL OPERATION UPDATE TURKEY VAN EARTHQUAKE
TURKISH RED CRESCENT DISASTER OPERATIONS UPDATE ndash 8| OCHA SITREP NO7 |
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HUMANITARIAN AID DEPARTMENT
bull The Government has ordered TOKI (governmental agency on construction) to construct houses for the affected population as quickly as possible
bull For temporary shelter purposes containers are being manufactured and will be dispatched to the earthquake as soon as possible
ndash The Government has allocated 600000 TL ($32258000) to the Batman Governorship for the repair and maintenance of 260 containers in its possession and delivered to the affected areas in Van
ndash Another 100 containers manufactured under the management of Kocaeli Governorship will be delivered to the affected area on 3 November
bull The Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent are signing a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SHELTER
Due to the present weather conditions and presuming that it becomes worse in the coming weeks the provision of winterized tents and prefabricated houses would be the best solution in order to meet the needs of the affected population Many people are afraid to return to their houses due to the frequent aftershocks that mean the increased request for tents
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT - ERCIS
HIGH DEFINITION
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT - BITLIS HIGH DEFINITION
INTERNATIONAL ASSITANCE
bull The Government of Turkey has called for international assistance only in terms of tents prefabricated houses and containers In that regard on 31 October at the Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent signed a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000 persons that were rendered homeless after the Van earthquake These housing units made of steel and fully insulated include two rooms a kitchenette and a bathroom and toilet which will be connected to electricity water and sewage
bull This EU operation comes in addition of the supply currently under way of some 6600 family tents accommodating approximately 35000 persons The tents have been provided through grants from some 18 EU Member States1 while part of the air transport costs and the coordination are provided by the European Commissions Humanitarian Assistance and Civil Protection unit ECHO Most tents consignments have already been delivered to Erzurum airport
bull UNHCR has donated a total of 4000 tents 50000 blankets and 10000 sleeping mats out of which 500 tents and 1000 blankets have been received by the Government in the meantime (AFAD)
bull For the reception of international assistance coming by air Erzurum is determined to be logistics center and Erzurum Governorship is assigned to establish this center and transfer the aids to Van
ndash In the case that the Erzurum Airports capacity is exceeded the Military Airport will be used and an alternative
bull For the reception of international assistance coming by land Logistics Reception Center has been established by Van Governorship
bull European Union granted 10 million TL to Turkish Red Crescent in order to provide temporary housing units for homeless
AID-IN-KIND THAT HAS BEEN DELIVERED TO TURKEY
SOURCE OCHA SITREP9 VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20110500 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20111200 PM)
VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (30 OCTOBER 20110600 PM)
TURKISH RED CRESCENT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
Children play near relief tents for people left homeless by the earthquake in Ercis near the eastern Turkish city of Van SOURCE Source REUTERSBaz Ratner
THE TRC CRISIS MANAGEMENT DESKS
bull The TRCS Crisis Management Desks in the Disaster Management Center (HQ) (Ankara) the Northern Anatolia (Erzurum) the South-eastern Anatolia (Elazığ) the Eastern Anatolia (Muş) and the Mediterranean (Adana) Regional Disaster Management Centers and Sivas and Diyarbakir Local Disaster Management Centers are currently staffed There are also 5 staff from Elazığ Regional Disaster Center
DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS
bull 2 staff from Muş Disaster Management Center and 3 staff from Erzurum Regional Disaster Management Center have been deployed to the Van Province to conduct needs assessments
bull Damage assessment is being conducted through the Turkish Red Crescent Branch Offices District Governorates Gendarmerie Commands Security Departments in the town and cities and is being coordinated from the Disaster Management Center (HQ)
COMMUNITY SUPPORT
bull The TRCS alerted all its units in Turkey in order to meet the urgent shelter and food needs of the victims and dispatched the relief items from Ankara Elazığ Erzurum Adana Muş and Manisa Regional Disaster
bull Management Centers and also deployed 167 disaster specialists (including 30 volunteers) 37 vehicles TRCS also deployed volunteers composed of mukhtars clergies police forces and teachers that were trained within the framework of the project on ldquoOrganizing Community Leadersrdquo for this kind of disaster situations
bull Tent camps have been established and delivery of tents to affected families has also started
BLOOD SUPPORT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
bull Following devastating earthquake TRCrsquos Regional Blood Center based in Van communicated immediately with hospitals in the affected area and created additional stocks of blood in the Hospitals
bull Level of blood stocks was heightened with the transportation of 350 units of blood especially of negative blood group from Erzurum Regional Blood Center one hour after the earthquake
bull After the re-opening of the airport a total stock of 18000 units of erythrocyte suspension was sent to Van from other regional blood centers for the purpose of stock replenishment
bull Stocks of blood have been continuously replenished when they fall below 800 units Erzurum and Ankara Regional Blood Centers are also creating additional blood stocks for the replenishment of stocks in the affected areas in case of need
bull Turkish Red Crescent is self-sufficient to cover the blood requirements of the health institutions upon their request The quantity of blood which has been sent to hospitals in the region and blood usage in the period between 23 October 2011 and 31 October 2011 (See Chart)
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 OCHA Report 7 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT
bull Psychologists and social service specialists were assigned to the disaster affected regions to provide psycho-social support for the victims who have lost family members and for victims who have experienced post-traumatic stress due to the quake
bull 18 psych-social workers from various cities are working in Van and Erciş Turkish Psychological Association Turkish Association of Social Workers Turkish Psychiatry Association Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Association and Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry are providing psycho-social support in the disaster area
bull In order to provide psycho-social and social support services qualified staff have been assigned to the Van Provincial Governorate 30 field tents have been set up to deliver these services
ACTIVITIES
bull Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate and Ministry of Social and Family Affairs were contacted to establish a psycho-social support center in Van and Erciş and to plan long term activities National Theatre in central Van will be used as the psycho-social support center as soon as the damage assessment is over Psycho-social support activities will also start when the 4 tents in central Van are pitched in Erciş
bull Psychological support divisions in hospitals were assessed with the Health Directorate and State Hospitalrsquos Head Physician to estimate needs for long-term referral systems
bull Schools will open on November 18 psycho-social support and consultation programs have been arranged
bull Erciş District Governorship was informed of the current situation and was asked for a suitable area for psycho-social support activities
bull 1 child psychiatrist 2 psychiatrists 4 psychologists 4 social service specialists started to work in the Erciş Tent City Individual interviews needs assessments and planning are being carried out especially for children and women
bull WHOUNICEFIOM are coordinating tools with their related ministries for psychological support to affected populations
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
An earthquake survivor rests in a field hospital in the eastern Turkish town of Ercis on Oct 26 SOURCE REUTERSOsman Orsal
bull The hospital in Ercis was badly damaged in the earthquake according to reports from earthquake-reportcom medical tents have been deployed to replace the hospital There were 179 hospital beds per 100000 population in Van Province as of 2007 (1851 total beds in the province) so most hospital beds were occupied at the time of the quake Over 1300 people were injured Patients have already been moved to Ankara and Erzurum
bull As part of the overall coordination provided by the Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency the Turkish Ministry of Health - Disaster and Emergency Coordination Centre (SAKOM) is coordinating the health response and has deployed 6 helicopter ambulances 4 plane ambulances and 201 land ambulances to the Van province
bull The Ministry of Health has prepared 1700 hospital beds in Ağrı Erzurum Bitlis Diyarbakır Muş Iğdır and Ankara for further medical evacuations
bull Air ambulances are transporting medical rescue teams to the earthquake-affected area and are evacuating patients
bull Temporary tent hospitals have been established in Van and in Erciş to provide additional health services in the affected areas
SOURCE CHA Report 7
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
WHO - Information Bulletin Earthquake in eastern Turkey (Van Region)
CEDIM Forensic Earthquake Analysis Group
IFRC Info Bulletin 1
IFRC Info Bulletin 2
bull Ministry of Health is continuing rapid public health assessment of affected populations living in camps and assessment of related services
HEALTH RISKS - EARTHQUAKE
SOURCE CDC| WHO| CDC- CRUSH INJURIES| WHO - PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
IMMEDIATE RISKS
Earthquakes cause high mortality resulting from trauma asphyxia dust inhalation (acute respiratory distress) or exposure to the environment (eg hypothermia) bull Wounds and Injuries will be numerous due to the initial impact of the
earthquake and subsequent rescue and clean-up activities
ndash Crush injury is defined as compression of extremities or other parts of the body that causes muscle swelling andor neurological disturbances in the affected areas of the body Typically affected areas of the body include lower extremities (74) upper extremities (10) and trunk (9)
ndash Crush syndrome is localized crush injury with systemic manifestations These systemic effects are caused by a traumatic rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) and the release of potentially toxic muscle cell components and electrolytes into the circulatory system Crush syndrome can cause local tissue injury organ dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities including acidosis hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia
ndash Risk of wound infection and tetanus are high due to the difficulties with immediate access to health facilities and delayed presentation of acute injuries
ndash Gangrene is a complication of wound contamination and prompt wound treatment is critical for its prevention Gangrenous wounds should be managed aggressively with surgical removal of gangrenous tissue There is no risk of transmission of gangrene to unaffected persons
EARTHQUAKE AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Earthquakes may increase the transmission of the following bull WaterSanitationHygiene-related and Foodborne Diseases
ndash Displaced populations are at high risk from outbreaks of water sanitation and hygiene and foodborne-related diseases due to reduced access to safe water and sanitation systems
ndash Disruption of usual water sources and contamination of water by damaged sewage infrastructure may result in unsafe drinking water
bull Diseases Associated With Crowding ndash Population displacement can result in overcrowding in resettlement
areas raising the risk of transmission of certain communicable diseases that are spread from person to person through respiratory droplets such as measles diphtheria and pertussis (see section below on vaccine-preventable diseases) and acute respiratory infections or ARI This risk is increased with inadequate ventilation
ndash Overcrowding can also increase the likelihood of transmission of meningitis waterborne and vector-borne diseases in the weeks and months following the earthquake
NOTES previous experience with earthquakes that caused major structural damage has demonstrated that the incidence of crush syndrome is 2-15 with approximately 50 of those with crush syndrome developing acute renal failure and over 50 needing fasciotomy Of those with renal failure 50 need dialysis
WHAT IS HYPOTHERMIA bull A medical emergency that occurs when body heat is lost faster than it
is metabolically produced bull Medical definition Hypothermia is defined as core body temperature
below 95 F (35 C) bull Left untreated hypothermia can be fatal
SYMPTOMS Shivering Lack of coordination Slurred speech Difficulty thinking Drowsiness or low energy Progressive loss of consciousness Apathy Weak Pulse Slow shallow breathing
WHAT CAUSES HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it The most common causes of hypothermia are exposure to cold-weather conditions or cold water But prolonged exposure to any environment colder than your body can lead to hypothermia if you arent dressed appropriately or cant control the conditions
HYPOTHERMIA
BODY TEMPERATURE DESCRIPTION SYMPTOMS
CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT
37 986 No hypothermia No hypothermia
Below 35 95 Definition of hypothermia
NA
32 to 35 896 to 95 Mild
hypothermia
Shivering Lethargy apathy confusion Rapid heart rate
28 to 32 824 to 896 Moderate
hypothermia
Shivering stops Increased confusion or delirium Slowing heart rate may become irregular
Below 28 Below 824 Severe
hypothermia
Coma Ventricular fibrillation May appear deceased
20 68 Brain activity stops
FIRST AID
bull Severely hypothermic individuals should be handled carefully as vigorous movements can trigger cardiac arrhythmias including fatal ventricular fibrillation
bull Move hypothermic persons from the cold remove any wet clothing and cover with blankets
bull Provide warm beverages if the person is able to swallow bull Apply warm dry compress to the neck chest wall or groin bull Do not apply any direct heat bull Monitor breathing and pulse Assist ventilations and perform CPR if
necessary
SOURCE THE MAYO CLINIC OUTDOOR ACTION GUIDE
bull Sheltering Activities Tents blankets sleeping bags and heaters have been dispatched and distributed in the disaster-affected area to cover the need for emergency shelter
bull Turkish Red Crescent disaster response teams established three tent camps in the Erccedilis District of Van
bull Two Mevlana House Camps (278 Mevlana pre-fabricated houses) are being established both in Van Central Province and Ercis District 1968 Prefabricated Mevlana Houses have already been distributed to 48 villages which are located in higher altitude and colder areas
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 | IFRC EMERGENCY APPEAL OPERATION UPDATE TURKEY VAN EARTHQUAKE
TURKISH RED CRESCENT DISASTER OPERATIONS UPDATE ndash 8| OCHA SITREP NO7 |
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HUMANITARIAN AID DEPARTMENT
bull The Government has ordered TOKI (governmental agency on construction) to construct houses for the affected population as quickly as possible
bull For temporary shelter purposes containers are being manufactured and will be dispatched to the earthquake as soon as possible
ndash The Government has allocated 600000 TL ($32258000) to the Batman Governorship for the repair and maintenance of 260 containers in its possession and delivered to the affected areas in Van
ndash Another 100 containers manufactured under the management of Kocaeli Governorship will be delivered to the affected area on 3 November
bull The Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent are signing a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SHELTER
Due to the present weather conditions and presuming that it becomes worse in the coming weeks the provision of winterized tents and prefabricated houses would be the best solution in order to meet the needs of the affected population Many people are afraid to return to their houses due to the frequent aftershocks that mean the increased request for tents
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT - BITLIS HIGH DEFINITION
INTERNATIONAL ASSITANCE
bull The Government of Turkey has called for international assistance only in terms of tents prefabricated houses and containers In that regard on 31 October at the Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent signed a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000 persons that were rendered homeless after the Van earthquake These housing units made of steel and fully insulated include two rooms a kitchenette and a bathroom and toilet which will be connected to electricity water and sewage
bull This EU operation comes in addition of the supply currently under way of some 6600 family tents accommodating approximately 35000 persons The tents have been provided through grants from some 18 EU Member States1 while part of the air transport costs and the coordination are provided by the European Commissions Humanitarian Assistance and Civil Protection unit ECHO Most tents consignments have already been delivered to Erzurum airport
bull UNHCR has donated a total of 4000 tents 50000 blankets and 10000 sleeping mats out of which 500 tents and 1000 blankets have been received by the Government in the meantime (AFAD)
bull For the reception of international assistance coming by air Erzurum is determined to be logistics center and Erzurum Governorship is assigned to establish this center and transfer the aids to Van
ndash In the case that the Erzurum Airports capacity is exceeded the Military Airport will be used and an alternative
bull For the reception of international assistance coming by land Logistics Reception Center has been established by Van Governorship
bull European Union granted 10 million TL to Turkish Red Crescent in order to provide temporary housing units for homeless
AID-IN-KIND THAT HAS BEEN DELIVERED TO TURKEY
SOURCE OCHA SITREP9 VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20110500 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20111200 PM)
VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (30 OCTOBER 20110600 PM)
TURKISH RED CRESCENT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
Children play near relief tents for people left homeless by the earthquake in Ercis near the eastern Turkish city of Van SOURCE Source REUTERSBaz Ratner
THE TRC CRISIS MANAGEMENT DESKS
bull The TRCS Crisis Management Desks in the Disaster Management Center (HQ) (Ankara) the Northern Anatolia (Erzurum) the South-eastern Anatolia (Elazığ) the Eastern Anatolia (Muş) and the Mediterranean (Adana) Regional Disaster Management Centers and Sivas and Diyarbakir Local Disaster Management Centers are currently staffed There are also 5 staff from Elazığ Regional Disaster Center
DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS
bull 2 staff from Muş Disaster Management Center and 3 staff from Erzurum Regional Disaster Management Center have been deployed to the Van Province to conduct needs assessments
bull Damage assessment is being conducted through the Turkish Red Crescent Branch Offices District Governorates Gendarmerie Commands Security Departments in the town and cities and is being coordinated from the Disaster Management Center (HQ)
COMMUNITY SUPPORT
bull The TRCS alerted all its units in Turkey in order to meet the urgent shelter and food needs of the victims and dispatched the relief items from Ankara Elazığ Erzurum Adana Muş and Manisa Regional Disaster
bull Management Centers and also deployed 167 disaster specialists (including 30 volunteers) 37 vehicles TRCS also deployed volunteers composed of mukhtars clergies police forces and teachers that were trained within the framework of the project on ldquoOrganizing Community Leadersrdquo for this kind of disaster situations
bull Tent camps have been established and delivery of tents to affected families has also started
BLOOD SUPPORT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
bull Following devastating earthquake TRCrsquos Regional Blood Center based in Van communicated immediately with hospitals in the affected area and created additional stocks of blood in the Hospitals
bull Level of blood stocks was heightened with the transportation of 350 units of blood especially of negative blood group from Erzurum Regional Blood Center one hour after the earthquake
bull After the re-opening of the airport a total stock of 18000 units of erythrocyte suspension was sent to Van from other regional blood centers for the purpose of stock replenishment
bull Stocks of blood have been continuously replenished when they fall below 800 units Erzurum and Ankara Regional Blood Centers are also creating additional blood stocks for the replenishment of stocks in the affected areas in case of need
bull Turkish Red Crescent is self-sufficient to cover the blood requirements of the health institutions upon their request The quantity of blood which has been sent to hospitals in the region and blood usage in the period between 23 October 2011 and 31 October 2011 (See Chart)
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 OCHA Report 7 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT
bull Psychologists and social service specialists were assigned to the disaster affected regions to provide psycho-social support for the victims who have lost family members and for victims who have experienced post-traumatic stress due to the quake
bull 18 psych-social workers from various cities are working in Van and Erciş Turkish Psychological Association Turkish Association of Social Workers Turkish Psychiatry Association Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Association and Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry are providing psycho-social support in the disaster area
bull In order to provide psycho-social and social support services qualified staff have been assigned to the Van Provincial Governorate 30 field tents have been set up to deliver these services
ACTIVITIES
bull Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate and Ministry of Social and Family Affairs were contacted to establish a psycho-social support center in Van and Erciş and to plan long term activities National Theatre in central Van will be used as the psycho-social support center as soon as the damage assessment is over Psycho-social support activities will also start when the 4 tents in central Van are pitched in Erciş
bull Psychological support divisions in hospitals were assessed with the Health Directorate and State Hospitalrsquos Head Physician to estimate needs for long-term referral systems
bull Schools will open on November 18 psycho-social support and consultation programs have been arranged
bull Erciş District Governorship was informed of the current situation and was asked for a suitable area for psycho-social support activities
bull 1 child psychiatrist 2 psychiatrists 4 psychologists 4 social service specialists started to work in the Erciş Tent City Individual interviews needs assessments and planning are being carried out especially for children and women
bull WHOUNICEFIOM are coordinating tools with their related ministries for psychological support to affected populations
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
An earthquake survivor rests in a field hospital in the eastern Turkish town of Ercis on Oct 26 SOURCE REUTERSOsman Orsal
bull The hospital in Ercis was badly damaged in the earthquake according to reports from earthquake-reportcom medical tents have been deployed to replace the hospital There were 179 hospital beds per 100000 population in Van Province as of 2007 (1851 total beds in the province) so most hospital beds were occupied at the time of the quake Over 1300 people were injured Patients have already been moved to Ankara and Erzurum
bull As part of the overall coordination provided by the Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency the Turkish Ministry of Health - Disaster and Emergency Coordination Centre (SAKOM) is coordinating the health response and has deployed 6 helicopter ambulances 4 plane ambulances and 201 land ambulances to the Van province
bull The Ministry of Health has prepared 1700 hospital beds in Ağrı Erzurum Bitlis Diyarbakır Muş Iğdır and Ankara for further medical evacuations
bull Air ambulances are transporting medical rescue teams to the earthquake-affected area and are evacuating patients
bull Temporary tent hospitals have been established in Van and in Erciş to provide additional health services in the affected areas
SOURCE CHA Report 7
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
WHO - Information Bulletin Earthquake in eastern Turkey (Van Region)
CEDIM Forensic Earthquake Analysis Group
IFRC Info Bulletin 1
IFRC Info Bulletin 2
bull Ministry of Health is continuing rapid public health assessment of affected populations living in camps and assessment of related services
HEALTH RISKS - EARTHQUAKE
SOURCE CDC| WHO| CDC- CRUSH INJURIES| WHO - PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
IMMEDIATE RISKS
Earthquakes cause high mortality resulting from trauma asphyxia dust inhalation (acute respiratory distress) or exposure to the environment (eg hypothermia) bull Wounds and Injuries will be numerous due to the initial impact of the
earthquake and subsequent rescue and clean-up activities
ndash Crush injury is defined as compression of extremities or other parts of the body that causes muscle swelling andor neurological disturbances in the affected areas of the body Typically affected areas of the body include lower extremities (74) upper extremities (10) and trunk (9)
ndash Crush syndrome is localized crush injury with systemic manifestations These systemic effects are caused by a traumatic rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) and the release of potentially toxic muscle cell components and electrolytes into the circulatory system Crush syndrome can cause local tissue injury organ dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities including acidosis hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia
ndash Risk of wound infection and tetanus are high due to the difficulties with immediate access to health facilities and delayed presentation of acute injuries
ndash Gangrene is a complication of wound contamination and prompt wound treatment is critical for its prevention Gangrenous wounds should be managed aggressively with surgical removal of gangrenous tissue There is no risk of transmission of gangrene to unaffected persons
EARTHQUAKE AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Earthquakes may increase the transmission of the following bull WaterSanitationHygiene-related and Foodborne Diseases
ndash Displaced populations are at high risk from outbreaks of water sanitation and hygiene and foodborne-related diseases due to reduced access to safe water and sanitation systems
ndash Disruption of usual water sources and contamination of water by damaged sewage infrastructure may result in unsafe drinking water
bull Diseases Associated With Crowding ndash Population displacement can result in overcrowding in resettlement
areas raising the risk of transmission of certain communicable diseases that are spread from person to person through respiratory droplets such as measles diphtheria and pertussis (see section below on vaccine-preventable diseases) and acute respiratory infections or ARI This risk is increased with inadequate ventilation
ndash Overcrowding can also increase the likelihood of transmission of meningitis waterborne and vector-borne diseases in the weeks and months following the earthquake
NOTES previous experience with earthquakes that caused major structural damage has demonstrated that the incidence of crush syndrome is 2-15 with approximately 50 of those with crush syndrome developing acute renal failure and over 50 needing fasciotomy Of those with renal failure 50 need dialysis
WHAT IS HYPOTHERMIA bull A medical emergency that occurs when body heat is lost faster than it
is metabolically produced bull Medical definition Hypothermia is defined as core body temperature
below 95 F (35 C) bull Left untreated hypothermia can be fatal
SYMPTOMS Shivering Lack of coordination Slurred speech Difficulty thinking Drowsiness or low energy Progressive loss of consciousness Apathy Weak Pulse Slow shallow breathing
WHAT CAUSES HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it The most common causes of hypothermia are exposure to cold-weather conditions or cold water But prolonged exposure to any environment colder than your body can lead to hypothermia if you arent dressed appropriately or cant control the conditions
HYPOTHERMIA
BODY TEMPERATURE DESCRIPTION SYMPTOMS
CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT
37 986 No hypothermia No hypothermia
Below 35 95 Definition of hypothermia
NA
32 to 35 896 to 95 Mild
hypothermia
Shivering Lethargy apathy confusion Rapid heart rate
28 to 32 824 to 896 Moderate
hypothermia
Shivering stops Increased confusion or delirium Slowing heart rate may become irregular
Below 28 Below 824 Severe
hypothermia
Coma Ventricular fibrillation May appear deceased
20 68 Brain activity stops
FIRST AID
bull Severely hypothermic individuals should be handled carefully as vigorous movements can trigger cardiac arrhythmias including fatal ventricular fibrillation
bull Move hypothermic persons from the cold remove any wet clothing and cover with blankets
bull Provide warm beverages if the person is able to swallow bull Apply warm dry compress to the neck chest wall or groin bull Do not apply any direct heat bull Monitor breathing and pulse Assist ventilations and perform CPR if
necessary
SOURCE THE MAYO CLINIC OUTDOOR ACTION GUIDE
bull Sheltering Activities Tents blankets sleeping bags and heaters have been dispatched and distributed in the disaster-affected area to cover the need for emergency shelter
bull Turkish Red Crescent disaster response teams established three tent camps in the Erccedilis District of Van
bull Two Mevlana House Camps (278 Mevlana pre-fabricated houses) are being established both in Van Central Province and Ercis District 1968 Prefabricated Mevlana Houses have already been distributed to 48 villages which are located in higher altitude and colder areas
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 | IFRC EMERGENCY APPEAL OPERATION UPDATE TURKEY VAN EARTHQUAKE
TURKISH RED CRESCENT DISASTER OPERATIONS UPDATE ndash 8| OCHA SITREP NO7 |
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HUMANITARIAN AID DEPARTMENT
bull The Government has ordered TOKI (governmental agency on construction) to construct houses for the affected population as quickly as possible
bull For temporary shelter purposes containers are being manufactured and will be dispatched to the earthquake as soon as possible
ndash The Government has allocated 600000 TL ($32258000) to the Batman Governorship for the repair and maintenance of 260 containers in its possession and delivered to the affected areas in Van
ndash Another 100 containers manufactured under the management of Kocaeli Governorship will be delivered to the affected area on 3 November
bull The Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent are signing a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SHELTER
Due to the present weather conditions and presuming that it becomes worse in the coming weeks the provision of winterized tents and prefabricated houses would be the best solution in order to meet the needs of the affected population Many people are afraid to return to their houses due to the frequent aftershocks that mean the increased request for tents
INTERNATIONAL ASSITANCE
bull The Government of Turkey has called for international assistance only in terms of tents prefabricated houses and containers In that regard on 31 October at the Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent signed a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000 persons that were rendered homeless after the Van earthquake These housing units made of steel and fully insulated include two rooms a kitchenette and a bathroom and toilet which will be connected to electricity water and sewage
bull This EU operation comes in addition of the supply currently under way of some 6600 family tents accommodating approximately 35000 persons The tents have been provided through grants from some 18 EU Member States1 while part of the air transport costs and the coordination are provided by the European Commissions Humanitarian Assistance and Civil Protection unit ECHO Most tents consignments have already been delivered to Erzurum airport
bull UNHCR has donated a total of 4000 tents 50000 blankets and 10000 sleeping mats out of which 500 tents and 1000 blankets have been received by the Government in the meantime (AFAD)
bull For the reception of international assistance coming by air Erzurum is determined to be logistics center and Erzurum Governorship is assigned to establish this center and transfer the aids to Van
ndash In the case that the Erzurum Airports capacity is exceeded the Military Airport will be used and an alternative
bull For the reception of international assistance coming by land Logistics Reception Center has been established by Van Governorship
bull European Union granted 10 million TL to Turkish Red Crescent in order to provide temporary housing units for homeless
AID-IN-KIND THAT HAS BEEN DELIVERED TO TURKEY
SOURCE OCHA SITREP9 VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20110500 PM) VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (31 OCTOBER 20111200 PM)
VAN EARTHQUAKE PRESS RELEASE (30 OCTOBER 20110600 PM)
TURKISH RED CRESCENT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
Children play near relief tents for people left homeless by the earthquake in Ercis near the eastern Turkish city of Van SOURCE Source REUTERSBaz Ratner
THE TRC CRISIS MANAGEMENT DESKS
bull The TRCS Crisis Management Desks in the Disaster Management Center (HQ) (Ankara) the Northern Anatolia (Erzurum) the South-eastern Anatolia (Elazığ) the Eastern Anatolia (Muş) and the Mediterranean (Adana) Regional Disaster Management Centers and Sivas and Diyarbakir Local Disaster Management Centers are currently staffed There are also 5 staff from Elazığ Regional Disaster Center
DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS
bull 2 staff from Muş Disaster Management Center and 3 staff from Erzurum Regional Disaster Management Center have been deployed to the Van Province to conduct needs assessments
bull Damage assessment is being conducted through the Turkish Red Crescent Branch Offices District Governorates Gendarmerie Commands Security Departments in the town and cities and is being coordinated from the Disaster Management Center (HQ)
COMMUNITY SUPPORT
bull The TRCS alerted all its units in Turkey in order to meet the urgent shelter and food needs of the victims and dispatched the relief items from Ankara Elazığ Erzurum Adana Muş and Manisa Regional Disaster
bull Management Centers and also deployed 167 disaster specialists (including 30 volunteers) 37 vehicles TRCS also deployed volunteers composed of mukhtars clergies police forces and teachers that were trained within the framework of the project on ldquoOrganizing Community Leadersrdquo for this kind of disaster situations
bull Tent camps have been established and delivery of tents to affected families has also started
BLOOD SUPPORT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
bull Following devastating earthquake TRCrsquos Regional Blood Center based in Van communicated immediately with hospitals in the affected area and created additional stocks of blood in the Hospitals
bull Level of blood stocks was heightened with the transportation of 350 units of blood especially of negative blood group from Erzurum Regional Blood Center one hour after the earthquake
bull After the re-opening of the airport a total stock of 18000 units of erythrocyte suspension was sent to Van from other regional blood centers for the purpose of stock replenishment
bull Stocks of blood have been continuously replenished when they fall below 800 units Erzurum and Ankara Regional Blood Centers are also creating additional blood stocks for the replenishment of stocks in the affected areas in case of need
bull Turkish Red Crescent is self-sufficient to cover the blood requirements of the health institutions upon their request The quantity of blood which has been sent to hospitals in the region and blood usage in the period between 23 October 2011 and 31 October 2011 (See Chart)
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 OCHA Report 7 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT
bull Psychologists and social service specialists were assigned to the disaster affected regions to provide psycho-social support for the victims who have lost family members and for victims who have experienced post-traumatic stress due to the quake
bull 18 psych-social workers from various cities are working in Van and Erciş Turkish Psychological Association Turkish Association of Social Workers Turkish Psychiatry Association Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Association and Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry are providing psycho-social support in the disaster area
bull In order to provide psycho-social and social support services qualified staff have been assigned to the Van Provincial Governorate 30 field tents have been set up to deliver these services
ACTIVITIES
bull Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate and Ministry of Social and Family Affairs were contacted to establish a psycho-social support center in Van and Erciş and to plan long term activities National Theatre in central Van will be used as the psycho-social support center as soon as the damage assessment is over Psycho-social support activities will also start when the 4 tents in central Van are pitched in Erciş
bull Psychological support divisions in hospitals were assessed with the Health Directorate and State Hospitalrsquos Head Physician to estimate needs for long-term referral systems
bull Schools will open on November 18 psycho-social support and consultation programs have been arranged
bull Erciş District Governorship was informed of the current situation and was asked for a suitable area for psycho-social support activities
bull 1 child psychiatrist 2 psychiatrists 4 psychologists 4 social service specialists started to work in the Erciş Tent City Individual interviews needs assessments and planning are being carried out especially for children and women
bull WHOUNICEFIOM are coordinating tools with their related ministries for psychological support to affected populations
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
An earthquake survivor rests in a field hospital in the eastern Turkish town of Ercis on Oct 26 SOURCE REUTERSOsman Orsal
bull The hospital in Ercis was badly damaged in the earthquake according to reports from earthquake-reportcom medical tents have been deployed to replace the hospital There were 179 hospital beds per 100000 population in Van Province as of 2007 (1851 total beds in the province) so most hospital beds were occupied at the time of the quake Over 1300 people were injured Patients have already been moved to Ankara and Erzurum
bull As part of the overall coordination provided by the Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency the Turkish Ministry of Health - Disaster and Emergency Coordination Centre (SAKOM) is coordinating the health response and has deployed 6 helicopter ambulances 4 plane ambulances and 201 land ambulances to the Van province
bull The Ministry of Health has prepared 1700 hospital beds in Ağrı Erzurum Bitlis Diyarbakır Muş Iğdır and Ankara for further medical evacuations
bull Air ambulances are transporting medical rescue teams to the earthquake-affected area and are evacuating patients
bull Temporary tent hospitals have been established in Van and in Erciş to provide additional health services in the affected areas
SOURCE CHA Report 7
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
WHO - Information Bulletin Earthquake in eastern Turkey (Van Region)
CEDIM Forensic Earthquake Analysis Group
IFRC Info Bulletin 1
IFRC Info Bulletin 2
bull Ministry of Health is continuing rapid public health assessment of affected populations living in camps and assessment of related services
HEALTH RISKS - EARTHQUAKE
SOURCE CDC| WHO| CDC- CRUSH INJURIES| WHO - PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
IMMEDIATE RISKS
Earthquakes cause high mortality resulting from trauma asphyxia dust inhalation (acute respiratory distress) or exposure to the environment (eg hypothermia) bull Wounds and Injuries will be numerous due to the initial impact of the
earthquake and subsequent rescue and clean-up activities
ndash Crush injury is defined as compression of extremities or other parts of the body that causes muscle swelling andor neurological disturbances in the affected areas of the body Typically affected areas of the body include lower extremities (74) upper extremities (10) and trunk (9)
ndash Crush syndrome is localized crush injury with systemic manifestations These systemic effects are caused by a traumatic rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) and the release of potentially toxic muscle cell components and electrolytes into the circulatory system Crush syndrome can cause local tissue injury organ dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities including acidosis hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia
ndash Risk of wound infection and tetanus are high due to the difficulties with immediate access to health facilities and delayed presentation of acute injuries
ndash Gangrene is a complication of wound contamination and prompt wound treatment is critical for its prevention Gangrenous wounds should be managed aggressively with surgical removal of gangrenous tissue There is no risk of transmission of gangrene to unaffected persons
EARTHQUAKE AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Earthquakes may increase the transmission of the following bull WaterSanitationHygiene-related and Foodborne Diseases
ndash Displaced populations are at high risk from outbreaks of water sanitation and hygiene and foodborne-related diseases due to reduced access to safe water and sanitation systems
ndash Disruption of usual water sources and contamination of water by damaged sewage infrastructure may result in unsafe drinking water
bull Diseases Associated With Crowding ndash Population displacement can result in overcrowding in resettlement
areas raising the risk of transmission of certain communicable diseases that are spread from person to person through respiratory droplets such as measles diphtheria and pertussis (see section below on vaccine-preventable diseases) and acute respiratory infections or ARI This risk is increased with inadequate ventilation
ndash Overcrowding can also increase the likelihood of transmission of meningitis waterborne and vector-borne diseases in the weeks and months following the earthquake
NOTES previous experience with earthquakes that caused major structural damage has demonstrated that the incidence of crush syndrome is 2-15 with approximately 50 of those with crush syndrome developing acute renal failure and over 50 needing fasciotomy Of those with renal failure 50 need dialysis
WHAT IS HYPOTHERMIA bull A medical emergency that occurs when body heat is lost faster than it
is metabolically produced bull Medical definition Hypothermia is defined as core body temperature
below 95 F (35 C) bull Left untreated hypothermia can be fatal
SYMPTOMS Shivering Lack of coordination Slurred speech Difficulty thinking Drowsiness or low energy Progressive loss of consciousness Apathy Weak Pulse Slow shallow breathing
WHAT CAUSES HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it The most common causes of hypothermia are exposure to cold-weather conditions or cold water But prolonged exposure to any environment colder than your body can lead to hypothermia if you arent dressed appropriately or cant control the conditions
HYPOTHERMIA
BODY TEMPERATURE DESCRIPTION SYMPTOMS
CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT
37 986 No hypothermia No hypothermia
Below 35 95 Definition of hypothermia
NA
32 to 35 896 to 95 Mild
hypothermia
Shivering Lethargy apathy confusion Rapid heart rate
28 to 32 824 to 896 Moderate
hypothermia
Shivering stops Increased confusion or delirium Slowing heart rate may become irregular
Below 28 Below 824 Severe
hypothermia
Coma Ventricular fibrillation May appear deceased
20 68 Brain activity stops
FIRST AID
bull Severely hypothermic individuals should be handled carefully as vigorous movements can trigger cardiac arrhythmias including fatal ventricular fibrillation
bull Move hypothermic persons from the cold remove any wet clothing and cover with blankets
bull Provide warm beverages if the person is able to swallow bull Apply warm dry compress to the neck chest wall or groin bull Do not apply any direct heat bull Monitor breathing and pulse Assist ventilations and perform CPR if
necessary
SOURCE THE MAYO CLINIC OUTDOOR ACTION GUIDE
bull Sheltering Activities Tents blankets sleeping bags and heaters have been dispatched and distributed in the disaster-affected area to cover the need for emergency shelter
bull Turkish Red Crescent disaster response teams established three tent camps in the Erccedilis District of Van
bull Two Mevlana House Camps (278 Mevlana pre-fabricated houses) are being established both in Van Central Province and Ercis District 1968 Prefabricated Mevlana Houses have already been distributed to 48 villages which are located in higher altitude and colder areas
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 | IFRC EMERGENCY APPEAL OPERATION UPDATE TURKEY VAN EARTHQUAKE
TURKISH RED CRESCENT DISASTER OPERATIONS UPDATE ndash 8| OCHA SITREP NO7 |
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HUMANITARIAN AID DEPARTMENT
bull The Government has ordered TOKI (governmental agency on construction) to construct houses for the affected population as quickly as possible
bull For temporary shelter purposes containers are being manufactured and will be dispatched to the earthquake as soon as possible
ndash The Government has allocated 600000 TL ($32258000) to the Batman Governorship for the repair and maintenance of 260 containers in its possession and delivered to the affected areas in Van
ndash Another 100 containers manufactured under the management of Kocaeli Governorship will be delivered to the affected area on 3 November
bull The Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent are signing a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SHELTER
Due to the present weather conditions and presuming that it becomes worse in the coming weeks the provision of winterized tents and prefabricated houses would be the best solution in order to meet the needs of the affected population Many people are afraid to return to their houses due to the frequent aftershocks that mean the increased request for tents
TURKISH RED CRESCENT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
Children play near relief tents for people left homeless by the earthquake in Ercis near the eastern Turkish city of Van SOURCE Source REUTERSBaz Ratner
THE TRC CRISIS MANAGEMENT DESKS
bull The TRCS Crisis Management Desks in the Disaster Management Center (HQ) (Ankara) the Northern Anatolia (Erzurum) the South-eastern Anatolia (Elazığ) the Eastern Anatolia (Muş) and the Mediterranean (Adana) Regional Disaster Management Centers and Sivas and Diyarbakir Local Disaster Management Centers are currently staffed There are also 5 staff from Elazığ Regional Disaster Center
DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS
bull 2 staff from Muş Disaster Management Center and 3 staff from Erzurum Regional Disaster Management Center have been deployed to the Van Province to conduct needs assessments
bull Damage assessment is being conducted through the Turkish Red Crescent Branch Offices District Governorates Gendarmerie Commands Security Departments in the town and cities and is being coordinated from the Disaster Management Center (HQ)
COMMUNITY SUPPORT
bull The TRCS alerted all its units in Turkey in order to meet the urgent shelter and food needs of the victims and dispatched the relief items from Ankara Elazığ Erzurum Adana Muş and Manisa Regional Disaster
bull Management Centers and also deployed 167 disaster specialists (including 30 volunteers) 37 vehicles TRCS also deployed volunteers composed of mukhtars clergies police forces and teachers that were trained within the framework of the project on ldquoOrganizing Community Leadersrdquo for this kind of disaster situations
bull Tent camps have been established and delivery of tents to affected families has also started
BLOOD SUPPORT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
bull Following devastating earthquake TRCrsquos Regional Blood Center based in Van communicated immediately with hospitals in the affected area and created additional stocks of blood in the Hospitals
bull Level of blood stocks was heightened with the transportation of 350 units of blood especially of negative blood group from Erzurum Regional Blood Center one hour after the earthquake
bull After the re-opening of the airport a total stock of 18000 units of erythrocyte suspension was sent to Van from other regional blood centers for the purpose of stock replenishment
bull Stocks of blood have been continuously replenished when they fall below 800 units Erzurum and Ankara Regional Blood Centers are also creating additional blood stocks for the replenishment of stocks in the affected areas in case of need
bull Turkish Red Crescent is self-sufficient to cover the blood requirements of the health institutions upon their request The quantity of blood which has been sent to hospitals in the region and blood usage in the period between 23 October 2011 and 31 October 2011 (See Chart)
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 OCHA Report 7 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT
bull Psychologists and social service specialists were assigned to the disaster affected regions to provide psycho-social support for the victims who have lost family members and for victims who have experienced post-traumatic stress due to the quake
bull 18 psych-social workers from various cities are working in Van and Erciş Turkish Psychological Association Turkish Association of Social Workers Turkish Psychiatry Association Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Association and Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry are providing psycho-social support in the disaster area
bull In order to provide psycho-social and social support services qualified staff have been assigned to the Van Provincial Governorate 30 field tents have been set up to deliver these services
ACTIVITIES
bull Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate and Ministry of Social and Family Affairs were contacted to establish a psycho-social support center in Van and Erciş and to plan long term activities National Theatre in central Van will be used as the psycho-social support center as soon as the damage assessment is over Psycho-social support activities will also start when the 4 tents in central Van are pitched in Erciş
bull Psychological support divisions in hospitals were assessed with the Health Directorate and State Hospitalrsquos Head Physician to estimate needs for long-term referral systems
bull Schools will open on November 18 psycho-social support and consultation programs have been arranged
bull Erciş District Governorship was informed of the current situation and was asked for a suitable area for psycho-social support activities
bull 1 child psychiatrist 2 psychiatrists 4 psychologists 4 social service specialists started to work in the Erciş Tent City Individual interviews needs assessments and planning are being carried out especially for children and women
bull WHOUNICEFIOM are coordinating tools with their related ministries for psychological support to affected populations
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
An earthquake survivor rests in a field hospital in the eastern Turkish town of Ercis on Oct 26 SOURCE REUTERSOsman Orsal
bull The hospital in Ercis was badly damaged in the earthquake according to reports from earthquake-reportcom medical tents have been deployed to replace the hospital There were 179 hospital beds per 100000 population in Van Province as of 2007 (1851 total beds in the province) so most hospital beds were occupied at the time of the quake Over 1300 people were injured Patients have already been moved to Ankara and Erzurum
bull As part of the overall coordination provided by the Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency the Turkish Ministry of Health - Disaster and Emergency Coordination Centre (SAKOM) is coordinating the health response and has deployed 6 helicopter ambulances 4 plane ambulances and 201 land ambulances to the Van province
bull The Ministry of Health has prepared 1700 hospital beds in Ağrı Erzurum Bitlis Diyarbakır Muş Iğdır and Ankara for further medical evacuations
bull Air ambulances are transporting medical rescue teams to the earthquake-affected area and are evacuating patients
bull Temporary tent hospitals have been established in Van and in Erciş to provide additional health services in the affected areas
SOURCE CHA Report 7
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
WHO - Information Bulletin Earthquake in eastern Turkey (Van Region)
CEDIM Forensic Earthquake Analysis Group
IFRC Info Bulletin 1
IFRC Info Bulletin 2
bull Ministry of Health is continuing rapid public health assessment of affected populations living in camps and assessment of related services
HEALTH RISKS - EARTHQUAKE
SOURCE CDC| WHO| CDC- CRUSH INJURIES| WHO - PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
IMMEDIATE RISKS
Earthquakes cause high mortality resulting from trauma asphyxia dust inhalation (acute respiratory distress) or exposure to the environment (eg hypothermia) bull Wounds and Injuries will be numerous due to the initial impact of the
earthquake and subsequent rescue and clean-up activities
ndash Crush injury is defined as compression of extremities or other parts of the body that causes muscle swelling andor neurological disturbances in the affected areas of the body Typically affected areas of the body include lower extremities (74) upper extremities (10) and trunk (9)
ndash Crush syndrome is localized crush injury with systemic manifestations These systemic effects are caused by a traumatic rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) and the release of potentially toxic muscle cell components and electrolytes into the circulatory system Crush syndrome can cause local tissue injury organ dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities including acidosis hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia
ndash Risk of wound infection and tetanus are high due to the difficulties with immediate access to health facilities and delayed presentation of acute injuries
ndash Gangrene is a complication of wound contamination and prompt wound treatment is critical for its prevention Gangrenous wounds should be managed aggressively with surgical removal of gangrenous tissue There is no risk of transmission of gangrene to unaffected persons
EARTHQUAKE AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Earthquakes may increase the transmission of the following bull WaterSanitationHygiene-related and Foodborne Diseases
ndash Displaced populations are at high risk from outbreaks of water sanitation and hygiene and foodborne-related diseases due to reduced access to safe water and sanitation systems
ndash Disruption of usual water sources and contamination of water by damaged sewage infrastructure may result in unsafe drinking water
bull Diseases Associated With Crowding ndash Population displacement can result in overcrowding in resettlement
areas raising the risk of transmission of certain communicable diseases that are spread from person to person through respiratory droplets such as measles diphtheria and pertussis (see section below on vaccine-preventable diseases) and acute respiratory infections or ARI This risk is increased with inadequate ventilation
ndash Overcrowding can also increase the likelihood of transmission of meningitis waterborne and vector-borne diseases in the weeks and months following the earthquake
NOTES previous experience with earthquakes that caused major structural damage has demonstrated that the incidence of crush syndrome is 2-15 with approximately 50 of those with crush syndrome developing acute renal failure and over 50 needing fasciotomy Of those with renal failure 50 need dialysis
WHAT IS HYPOTHERMIA bull A medical emergency that occurs when body heat is lost faster than it
is metabolically produced bull Medical definition Hypothermia is defined as core body temperature
below 95 F (35 C) bull Left untreated hypothermia can be fatal
SYMPTOMS Shivering Lack of coordination Slurred speech Difficulty thinking Drowsiness or low energy Progressive loss of consciousness Apathy Weak Pulse Slow shallow breathing
WHAT CAUSES HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it The most common causes of hypothermia are exposure to cold-weather conditions or cold water But prolonged exposure to any environment colder than your body can lead to hypothermia if you arent dressed appropriately or cant control the conditions
HYPOTHERMIA
BODY TEMPERATURE DESCRIPTION SYMPTOMS
CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT
37 986 No hypothermia No hypothermia
Below 35 95 Definition of hypothermia
NA
32 to 35 896 to 95 Mild
hypothermia
Shivering Lethargy apathy confusion Rapid heart rate
28 to 32 824 to 896 Moderate
hypothermia
Shivering stops Increased confusion or delirium Slowing heart rate may become irregular
Below 28 Below 824 Severe
hypothermia
Coma Ventricular fibrillation May appear deceased
20 68 Brain activity stops
FIRST AID
bull Severely hypothermic individuals should be handled carefully as vigorous movements can trigger cardiac arrhythmias including fatal ventricular fibrillation
bull Move hypothermic persons from the cold remove any wet clothing and cover with blankets
bull Provide warm beverages if the person is able to swallow bull Apply warm dry compress to the neck chest wall or groin bull Do not apply any direct heat bull Monitor breathing and pulse Assist ventilations and perform CPR if
necessary
SOURCE THE MAYO CLINIC OUTDOOR ACTION GUIDE
bull Sheltering Activities Tents blankets sleeping bags and heaters have been dispatched and distributed in the disaster-affected area to cover the need for emergency shelter
bull Turkish Red Crescent disaster response teams established three tent camps in the Erccedilis District of Van
bull Two Mevlana House Camps (278 Mevlana pre-fabricated houses) are being established both in Van Central Province and Ercis District 1968 Prefabricated Mevlana Houses have already been distributed to 48 villages which are located in higher altitude and colder areas
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 | IFRC EMERGENCY APPEAL OPERATION UPDATE TURKEY VAN EARTHQUAKE
TURKISH RED CRESCENT DISASTER OPERATIONS UPDATE ndash 8| OCHA SITREP NO7 |
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HUMANITARIAN AID DEPARTMENT
bull The Government has ordered TOKI (governmental agency on construction) to construct houses for the affected population as quickly as possible
bull For temporary shelter purposes containers are being manufactured and will be dispatched to the earthquake as soon as possible
ndash The Government has allocated 600000 TL ($32258000) to the Batman Governorship for the repair and maintenance of 260 containers in its possession and delivered to the affected areas in Van
ndash Another 100 containers manufactured under the management of Kocaeli Governorship will be delivered to the affected area on 3 November
bull The Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent are signing a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SHELTER
Due to the present weather conditions and presuming that it becomes worse in the coming weeks the provision of winterized tents and prefabricated houses would be the best solution in order to meet the needs of the affected population Many people are afraid to return to their houses due to the frequent aftershocks that mean the increased request for tents
BLOOD SUPPORT
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
bull Following devastating earthquake TRCrsquos Regional Blood Center based in Van communicated immediately with hospitals in the affected area and created additional stocks of blood in the Hospitals
bull Level of blood stocks was heightened with the transportation of 350 units of blood especially of negative blood group from Erzurum Regional Blood Center one hour after the earthquake
bull After the re-opening of the airport a total stock of 18000 units of erythrocyte suspension was sent to Van from other regional blood centers for the purpose of stock replenishment
bull Stocks of blood have been continuously replenished when they fall below 800 units Erzurum and Ankara Regional Blood Centers are also creating additional blood stocks for the replenishment of stocks in the affected areas in case of need
bull Turkish Red Crescent is self-sufficient to cover the blood requirements of the health institutions upon their request The quantity of blood which has been sent to hospitals in the region and blood usage in the period between 23 October 2011 and 31 October 2011 (See Chart)
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 OCHA Report 7 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT
bull Psychologists and social service specialists were assigned to the disaster affected regions to provide psycho-social support for the victims who have lost family members and for victims who have experienced post-traumatic stress due to the quake
bull 18 psych-social workers from various cities are working in Van and Erciş Turkish Psychological Association Turkish Association of Social Workers Turkish Psychiatry Association Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Association and Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry are providing psycho-social support in the disaster area
bull In order to provide psycho-social and social support services qualified staff have been assigned to the Van Provincial Governorate 30 field tents have been set up to deliver these services
ACTIVITIES
bull Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate and Ministry of Social and Family Affairs were contacted to establish a psycho-social support center in Van and Erciş and to plan long term activities National Theatre in central Van will be used as the psycho-social support center as soon as the damage assessment is over Psycho-social support activities will also start when the 4 tents in central Van are pitched in Erciş
bull Psychological support divisions in hospitals were assessed with the Health Directorate and State Hospitalrsquos Head Physician to estimate needs for long-term referral systems
bull Schools will open on November 18 psycho-social support and consultation programs have been arranged
bull Erciş District Governorship was informed of the current situation and was asked for a suitable area for psycho-social support activities
bull 1 child psychiatrist 2 psychiatrists 4 psychologists 4 social service specialists started to work in the Erciş Tent City Individual interviews needs assessments and planning are being carried out especially for children and women
bull WHOUNICEFIOM are coordinating tools with their related ministries for psychological support to affected populations
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
An earthquake survivor rests in a field hospital in the eastern Turkish town of Ercis on Oct 26 SOURCE REUTERSOsman Orsal
bull The hospital in Ercis was badly damaged in the earthquake according to reports from earthquake-reportcom medical tents have been deployed to replace the hospital There were 179 hospital beds per 100000 population in Van Province as of 2007 (1851 total beds in the province) so most hospital beds were occupied at the time of the quake Over 1300 people were injured Patients have already been moved to Ankara and Erzurum
bull As part of the overall coordination provided by the Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency the Turkish Ministry of Health - Disaster and Emergency Coordination Centre (SAKOM) is coordinating the health response and has deployed 6 helicopter ambulances 4 plane ambulances and 201 land ambulances to the Van province
bull The Ministry of Health has prepared 1700 hospital beds in Ağrı Erzurum Bitlis Diyarbakır Muş Iğdır and Ankara for further medical evacuations
bull Air ambulances are transporting medical rescue teams to the earthquake-affected area and are evacuating patients
bull Temporary tent hospitals have been established in Van and in Erciş to provide additional health services in the affected areas
SOURCE CHA Report 7
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
WHO - Information Bulletin Earthquake in eastern Turkey (Van Region)
CEDIM Forensic Earthquake Analysis Group
IFRC Info Bulletin 1
IFRC Info Bulletin 2
bull Ministry of Health is continuing rapid public health assessment of affected populations living in camps and assessment of related services
HEALTH RISKS - EARTHQUAKE
SOURCE CDC| WHO| CDC- CRUSH INJURIES| WHO - PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
IMMEDIATE RISKS
Earthquakes cause high mortality resulting from trauma asphyxia dust inhalation (acute respiratory distress) or exposure to the environment (eg hypothermia) bull Wounds and Injuries will be numerous due to the initial impact of the
earthquake and subsequent rescue and clean-up activities
ndash Crush injury is defined as compression of extremities or other parts of the body that causes muscle swelling andor neurological disturbances in the affected areas of the body Typically affected areas of the body include lower extremities (74) upper extremities (10) and trunk (9)
ndash Crush syndrome is localized crush injury with systemic manifestations These systemic effects are caused by a traumatic rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) and the release of potentially toxic muscle cell components and electrolytes into the circulatory system Crush syndrome can cause local tissue injury organ dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities including acidosis hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia
ndash Risk of wound infection and tetanus are high due to the difficulties with immediate access to health facilities and delayed presentation of acute injuries
ndash Gangrene is a complication of wound contamination and prompt wound treatment is critical for its prevention Gangrenous wounds should be managed aggressively with surgical removal of gangrenous tissue There is no risk of transmission of gangrene to unaffected persons
EARTHQUAKE AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Earthquakes may increase the transmission of the following bull WaterSanitationHygiene-related and Foodborne Diseases
ndash Displaced populations are at high risk from outbreaks of water sanitation and hygiene and foodborne-related diseases due to reduced access to safe water and sanitation systems
ndash Disruption of usual water sources and contamination of water by damaged sewage infrastructure may result in unsafe drinking water
bull Diseases Associated With Crowding ndash Population displacement can result in overcrowding in resettlement
areas raising the risk of transmission of certain communicable diseases that are spread from person to person through respiratory droplets such as measles diphtheria and pertussis (see section below on vaccine-preventable diseases) and acute respiratory infections or ARI This risk is increased with inadequate ventilation
ndash Overcrowding can also increase the likelihood of transmission of meningitis waterborne and vector-borne diseases in the weeks and months following the earthquake
NOTES previous experience with earthquakes that caused major structural damage has demonstrated that the incidence of crush syndrome is 2-15 with approximately 50 of those with crush syndrome developing acute renal failure and over 50 needing fasciotomy Of those with renal failure 50 need dialysis
WHAT IS HYPOTHERMIA bull A medical emergency that occurs when body heat is lost faster than it
is metabolically produced bull Medical definition Hypothermia is defined as core body temperature
below 95 F (35 C) bull Left untreated hypothermia can be fatal
SYMPTOMS Shivering Lack of coordination Slurred speech Difficulty thinking Drowsiness or low energy Progressive loss of consciousness Apathy Weak Pulse Slow shallow breathing
WHAT CAUSES HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it The most common causes of hypothermia are exposure to cold-weather conditions or cold water But prolonged exposure to any environment colder than your body can lead to hypothermia if you arent dressed appropriately or cant control the conditions
HYPOTHERMIA
BODY TEMPERATURE DESCRIPTION SYMPTOMS
CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT
37 986 No hypothermia No hypothermia
Below 35 95 Definition of hypothermia
NA
32 to 35 896 to 95 Mild
hypothermia
Shivering Lethargy apathy confusion Rapid heart rate
28 to 32 824 to 896 Moderate
hypothermia
Shivering stops Increased confusion or delirium Slowing heart rate may become irregular
Below 28 Below 824 Severe
hypothermia
Coma Ventricular fibrillation May appear deceased
20 68 Brain activity stops
FIRST AID
bull Severely hypothermic individuals should be handled carefully as vigorous movements can trigger cardiac arrhythmias including fatal ventricular fibrillation
bull Move hypothermic persons from the cold remove any wet clothing and cover with blankets
bull Provide warm beverages if the person is able to swallow bull Apply warm dry compress to the neck chest wall or groin bull Do not apply any direct heat bull Monitor breathing and pulse Assist ventilations and perform CPR if
necessary
SOURCE THE MAYO CLINIC OUTDOOR ACTION GUIDE
bull Sheltering Activities Tents blankets sleeping bags and heaters have been dispatched and distributed in the disaster-affected area to cover the need for emergency shelter
bull Turkish Red Crescent disaster response teams established three tent camps in the Erccedilis District of Van
bull Two Mevlana House Camps (278 Mevlana pre-fabricated houses) are being established both in Van Central Province and Ercis District 1968 Prefabricated Mevlana Houses have already been distributed to 48 villages which are located in higher altitude and colder areas
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 | IFRC EMERGENCY APPEAL OPERATION UPDATE TURKEY VAN EARTHQUAKE
TURKISH RED CRESCENT DISASTER OPERATIONS UPDATE ndash 8| OCHA SITREP NO7 |
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HUMANITARIAN AID DEPARTMENT
bull The Government has ordered TOKI (governmental agency on construction) to construct houses for the affected population as quickly as possible
bull For temporary shelter purposes containers are being manufactured and will be dispatched to the earthquake as soon as possible
ndash The Government has allocated 600000 TL ($32258000) to the Batman Governorship for the repair and maintenance of 260 containers in its possession and delivered to the affected areas in Van
ndash Another 100 containers manufactured under the management of Kocaeli Governorship will be delivered to the affected area on 3 November
bull The Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent are signing a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SHELTER
Due to the present weather conditions and presuming that it becomes worse in the coming weeks the provision of winterized tents and prefabricated houses would be the best solution in order to meet the needs of the affected population Many people are afraid to return to their houses due to the frequent aftershocks that mean the increased request for tents
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 OCHA Report 7 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9 TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT
bull Psychologists and social service specialists were assigned to the disaster affected regions to provide psycho-social support for the victims who have lost family members and for victims who have experienced post-traumatic stress due to the quake
bull 18 psych-social workers from various cities are working in Van and Erciş Turkish Psychological Association Turkish Association of Social Workers Turkish Psychiatry Association Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Association and Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry are providing psycho-social support in the disaster area
bull In order to provide psycho-social and social support services qualified staff have been assigned to the Van Provincial Governorate 30 field tents have been set up to deliver these services
ACTIVITIES
bull Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate and Ministry of Social and Family Affairs were contacted to establish a psycho-social support center in Van and Erciş and to plan long term activities National Theatre in central Van will be used as the psycho-social support center as soon as the damage assessment is over Psycho-social support activities will also start when the 4 tents in central Van are pitched in Erciş
bull Psychological support divisions in hospitals were assessed with the Health Directorate and State Hospitalrsquos Head Physician to estimate needs for long-term referral systems
bull Schools will open on November 18 psycho-social support and consultation programs have been arranged
bull Erciş District Governorship was informed of the current situation and was asked for a suitable area for psycho-social support activities
bull 1 child psychiatrist 2 psychiatrists 4 psychologists 4 social service specialists started to work in the Erciş Tent City Individual interviews needs assessments and planning are being carried out especially for children and women
bull WHOUNICEFIOM are coordinating tools with their related ministries for psychological support to affected populations
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
An earthquake survivor rests in a field hospital in the eastern Turkish town of Ercis on Oct 26 SOURCE REUTERSOsman Orsal
bull The hospital in Ercis was badly damaged in the earthquake according to reports from earthquake-reportcom medical tents have been deployed to replace the hospital There were 179 hospital beds per 100000 population in Van Province as of 2007 (1851 total beds in the province) so most hospital beds were occupied at the time of the quake Over 1300 people were injured Patients have already been moved to Ankara and Erzurum
bull As part of the overall coordination provided by the Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency the Turkish Ministry of Health - Disaster and Emergency Coordination Centre (SAKOM) is coordinating the health response and has deployed 6 helicopter ambulances 4 plane ambulances and 201 land ambulances to the Van province
bull The Ministry of Health has prepared 1700 hospital beds in Ağrı Erzurum Bitlis Diyarbakır Muş Iğdır and Ankara for further medical evacuations
bull Air ambulances are transporting medical rescue teams to the earthquake-affected area and are evacuating patients
bull Temporary tent hospitals have been established in Van and in Erciş to provide additional health services in the affected areas
SOURCE CHA Report 7
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
WHO - Information Bulletin Earthquake in eastern Turkey (Van Region)
CEDIM Forensic Earthquake Analysis Group
IFRC Info Bulletin 1
IFRC Info Bulletin 2
bull Ministry of Health is continuing rapid public health assessment of affected populations living in camps and assessment of related services
HEALTH RISKS - EARTHQUAKE
SOURCE CDC| WHO| CDC- CRUSH INJURIES| WHO - PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
IMMEDIATE RISKS
Earthquakes cause high mortality resulting from trauma asphyxia dust inhalation (acute respiratory distress) or exposure to the environment (eg hypothermia) bull Wounds and Injuries will be numerous due to the initial impact of the
earthquake and subsequent rescue and clean-up activities
ndash Crush injury is defined as compression of extremities or other parts of the body that causes muscle swelling andor neurological disturbances in the affected areas of the body Typically affected areas of the body include lower extremities (74) upper extremities (10) and trunk (9)
ndash Crush syndrome is localized crush injury with systemic manifestations These systemic effects are caused by a traumatic rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) and the release of potentially toxic muscle cell components and electrolytes into the circulatory system Crush syndrome can cause local tissue injury organ dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities including acidosis hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia
ndash Risk of wound infection and tetanus are high due to the difficulties with immediate access to health facilities and delayed presentation of acute injuries
ndash Gangrene is a complication of wound contamination and prompt wound treatment is critical for its prevention Gangrenous wounds should be managed aggressively with surgical removal of gangrenous tissue There is no risk of transmission of gangrene to unaffected persons
EARTHQUAKE AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Earthquakes may increase the transmission of the following bull WaterSanitationHygiene-related and Foodborne Diseases
ndash Displaced populations are at high risk from outbreaks of water sanitation and hygiene and foodborne-related diseases due to reduced access to safe water and sanitation systems
ndash Disruption of usual water sources and contamination of water by damaged sewage infrastructure may result in unsafe drinking water
bull Diseases Associated With Crowding ndash Population displacement can result in overcrowding in resettlement
areas raising the risk of transmission of certain communicable diseases that are spread from person to person through respiratory droplets such as measles diphtheria and pertussis (see section below on vaccine-preventable diseases) and acute respiratory infections or ARI This risk is increased with inadequate ventilation
ndash Overcrowding can also increase the likelihood of transmission of meningitis waterborne and vector-borne diseases in the weeks and months following the earthquake
NOTES previous experience with earthquakes that caused major structural damage has demonstrated that the incidence of crush syndrome is 2-15 with approximately 50 of those with crush syndrome developing acute renal failure and over 50 needing fasciotomy Of those with renal failure 50 need dialysis
WHAT IS HYPOTHERMIA bull A medical emergency that occurs when body heat is lost faster than it
is metabolically produced bull Medical definition Hypothermia is defined as core body temperature
below 95 F (35 C) bull Left untreated hypothermia can be fatal
SYMPTOMS Shivering Lack of coordination Slurred speech Difficulty thinking Drowsiness or low energy Progressive loss of consciousness Apathy Weak Pulse Slow shallow breathing
WHAT CAUSES HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it The most common causes of hypothermia are exposure to cold-weather conditions or cold water But prolonged exposure to any environment colder than your body can lead to hypothermia if you arent dressed appropriately or cant control the conditions
HYPOTHERMIA
BODY TEMPERATURE DESCRIPTION SYMPTOMS
CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT
37 986 No hypothermia No hypothermia
Below 35 95 Definition of hypothermia
NA
32 to 35 896 to 95 Mild
hypothermia
Shivering Lethargy apathy confusion Rapid heart rate
28 to 32 824 to 896 Moderate
hypothermia
Shivering stops Increased confusion or delirium Slowing heart rate may become irregular
Below 28 Below 824 Severe
hypothermia
Coma Ventricular fibrillation May appear deceased
20 68 Brain activity stops
FIRST AID
bull Severely hypothermic individuals should be handled carefully as vigorous movements can trigger cardiac arrhythmias including fatal ventricular fibrillation
bull Move hypothermic persons from the cold remove any wet clothing and cover with blankets
bull Provide warm beverages if the person is able to swallow bull Apply warm dry compress to the neck chest wall or groin bull Do not apply any direct heat bull Monitor breathing and pulse Assist ventilations and perform CPR if
necessary
SOURCE THE MAYO CLINIC OUTDOOR ACTION GUIDE
bull Sheltering Activities Tents blankets sleeping bags and heaters have been dispatched and distributed in the disaster-affected area to cover the need for emergency shelter
bull Turkish Red Crescent disaster response teams established three tent camps in the Erccedilis District of Van
bull Two Mevlana House Camps (278 Mevlana pre-fabricated houses) are being established both in Van Central Province and Ercis District 1968 Prefabricated Mevlana Houses have already been distributed to 48 villages which are located in higher altitude and colder areas
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 | IFRC EMERGENCY APPEAL OPERATION UPDATE TURKEY VAN EARTHQUAKE
TURKISH RED CRESCENT DISASTER OPERATIONS UPDATE ndash 8| OCHA SITREP NO7 |
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HUMANITARIAN AID DEPARTMENT
bull The Government has ordered TOKI (governmental agency on construction) to construct houses for the affected population as quickly as possible
bull For temporary shelter purposes containers are being manufactured and will be dispatched to the earthquake as soon as possible
ndash The Government has allocated 600000 TL ($32258000) to the Batman Governorship for the repair and maintenance of 260 containers in its possession and delivered to the affected areas in Van
ndash Another 100 containers manufactured under the management of Kocaeli Governorship will be delivered to the affected area on 3 November
bull The Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent are signing a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SHELTER
Due to the present weather conditions and presuming that it becomes worse in the coming weeks the provision of winterized tents and prefabricated houses would be the best solution in order to meet the needs of the affected population Many people are afraid to return to their houses due to the frequent aftershocks that mean the increased request for tents
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
An earthquake survivor rests in a field hospital in the eastern Turkish town of Ercis on Oct 26 SOURCE REUTERSOsman Orsal
bull The hospital in Ercis was badly damaged in the earthquake according to reports from earthquake-reportcom medical tents have been deployed to replace the hospital There were 179 hospital beds per 100000 population in Van Province as of 2007 (1851 total beds in the province) so most hospital beds were occupied at the time of the quake Over 1300 people were injured Patients have already been moved to Ankara and Erzurum
bull As part of the overall coordination provided by the Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency the Turkish Ministry of Health - Disaster and Emergency Coordination Centre (SAKOM) is coordinating the health response and has deployed 6 helicopter ambulances 4 plane ambulances and 201 land ambulances to the Van province
bull The Ministry of Health has prepared 1700 hospital beds in Ağrı Erzurum Bitlis Diyarbakır Muş Iğdır and Ankara for further medical evacuations
bull Air ambulances are transporting medical rescue teams to the earthquake-affected area and are evacuating patients
bull Temporary tent hospitals have been established in Van and in Erciş to provide additional health services in the affected areas
SOURCE CHA Report 7
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 9
TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 8
WHO - Information Bulletin Earthquake in eastern Turkey (Van Region)
CEDIM Forensic Earthquake Analysis Group
IFRC Info Bulletin 1
IFRC Info Bulletin 2
bull Ministry of Health is continuing rapid public health assessment of affected populations living in camps and assessment of related services
HEALTH RISKS - EARTHQUAKE
SOURCE CDC| WHO| CDC- CRUSH INJURIES| WHO - PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
IMMEDIATE RISKS
Earthquakes cause high mortality resulting from trauma asphyxia dust inhalation (acute respiratory distress) or exposure to the environment (eg hypothermia) bull Wounds and Injuries will be numerous due to the initial impact of the
earthquake and subsequent rescue and clean-up activities
ndash Crush injury is defined as compression of extremities or other parts of the body that causes muscle swelling andor neurological disturbances in the affected areas of the body Typically affected areas of the body include lower extremities (74) upper extremities (10) and trunk (9)
ndash Crush syndrome is localized crush injury with systemic manifestations These systemic effects are caused by a traumatic rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) and the release of potentially toxic muscle cell components and electrolytes into the circulatory system Crush syndrome can cause local tissue injury organ dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities including acidosis hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia
ndash Risk of wound infection and tetanus are high due to the difficulties with immediate access to health facilities and delayed presentation of acute injuries
ndash Gangrene is a complication of wound contamination and prompt wound treatment is critical for its prevention Gangrenous wounds should be managed aggressively with surgical removal of gangrenous tissue There is no risk of transmission of gangrene to unaffected persons
EARTHQUAKE AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Earthquakes may increase the transmission of the following bull WaterSanitationHygiene-related and Foodborne Diseases
ndash Displaced populations are at high risk from outbreaks of water sanitation and hygiene and foodborne-related diseases due to reduced access to safe water and sanitation systems
ndash Disruption of usual water sources and contamination of water by damaged sewage infrastructure may result in unsafe drinking water
bull Diseases Associated With Crowding ndash Population displacement can result in overcrowding in resettlement
areas raising the risk of transmission of certain communicable diseases that are spread from person to person through respiratory droplets such as measles diphtheria and pertussis (see section below on vaccine-preventable diseases) and acute respiratory infections or ARI This risk is increased with inadequate ventilation
ndash Overcrowding can also increase the likelihood of transmission of meningitis waterborne and vector-borne diseases in the weeks and months following the earthquake
NOTES previous experience with earthquakes that caused major structural damage has demonstrated that the incidence of crush syndrome is 2-15 with approximately 50 of those with crush syndrome developing acute renal failure and over 50 needing fasciotomy Of those with renal failure 50 need dialysis
WHAT IS HYPOTHERMIA bull A medical emergency that occurs when body heat is lost faster than it
is metabolically produced bull Medical definition Hypothermia is defined as core body temperature
below 95 F (35 C) bull Left untreated hypothermia can be fatal
SYMPTOMS Shivering Lack of coordination Slurred speech Difficulty thinking Drowsiness or low energy Progressive loss of consciousness Apathy Weak Pulse Slow shallow breathing
WHAT CAUSES HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it The most common causes of hypothermia are exposure to cold-weather conditions or cold water But prolonged exposure to any environment colder than your body can lead to hypothermia if you arent dressed appropriately or cant control the conditions
HYPOTHERMIA
BODY TEMPERATURE DESCRIPTION SYMPTOMS
CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT
37 986 No hypothermia No hypothermia
Below 35 95 Definition of hypothermia
NA
32 to 35 896 to 95 Mild
hypothermia
Shivering Lethargy apathy confusion Rapid heart rate
28 to 32 824 to 896 Moderate
hypothermia
Shivering stops Increased confusion or delirium Slowing heart rate may become irregular
Below 28 Below 824 Severe
hypothermia
Coma Ventricular fibrillation May appear deceased
20 68 Brain activity stops
FIRST AID
bull Severely hypothermic individuals should be handled carefully as vigorous movements can trigger cardiac arrhythmias including fatal ventricular fibrillation
bull Move hypothermic persons from the cold remove any wet clothing and cover with blankets
bull Provide warm beverages if the person is able to swallow bull Apply warm dry compress to the neck chest wall or groin bull Do not apply any direct heat bull Monitor breathing and pulse Assist ventilations and perform CPR if
necessary
SOURCE THE MAYO CLINIC OUTDOOR ACTION GUIDE
bull Sheltering Activities Tents blankets sleeping bags and heaters have been dispatched and distributed in the disaster-affected area to cover the need for emergency shelter
bull Turkish Red Crescent disaster response teams established three tent camps in the Erccedilis District of Van
bull Two Mevlana House Camps (278 Mevlana pre-fabricated houses) are being established both in Van Central Province and Ercis District 1968 Prefabricated Mevlana Houses have already been distributed to 48 villages which are located in higher altitude and colder areas
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 | IFRC EMERGENCY APPEAL OPERATION UPDATE TURKEY VAN EARTHQUAKE
TURKISH RED CRESCENT DISASTER OPERATIONS UPDATE ndash 8| OCHA SITREP NO7 |
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HUMANITARIAN AID DEPARTMENT
bull The Government has ordered TOKI (governmental agency on construction) to construct houses for the affected population as quickly as possible
bull For temporary shelter purposes containers are being manufactured and will be dispatched to the earthquake as soon as possible
ndash The Government has allocated 600000 TL ($32258000) to the Batman Governorship for the repair and maintenance of 260 containers in its possession and delivered to the affected areas in Van
ndash Another 100 containers manufactured under the management of Kocaeli Governorship will be delivered to the affected area on 3 November
bull The Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent are signing a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SHELTER
Due to the present weather conditions and presuming that it becomes worse in the coming weeks the provision of winterized tents and prefabricated houses would be the best solution in order to meet the needs of the affected population Many people are afraid to return to their houses due to the frequent aftershocks that mean the increased request for tents
HEALTH RISKS - EARTHQUAKE
SOURCE CDC| WHO| CDC- CRUSH INJURIES| WHO - PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
IMMEDIATE RISKS
Earthquakes cause high mortality resulting from trauma asphyxia dust inhalation (acute respiratory distress) or exposure to the environment (eg hypothermia) bull Wounds and Injuries will be numerous due to the initial impact of the
earthquake and subsequent rescue and clean-up activities
ndash Crush injury is defined as compression of extremities or other parts of the body that causes muscle swelling andor neurological disturbances in the affected areas of the body Typically affected areas of the body include lower extremities (74) upper extremities (10) and trunk (9)
ndash Crush syndrome is localized crush injury with systemic manifestations These systemic effects are caused by a traumatic rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) and the release of potentially toxic muscle cell components and electrolytes into the circulatory system Crush syndrome can cause local tissue injury organ dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities including acidosis hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia
ndash Risk of wound infection and tetanus are high due to the difficulties with immediate access to health facilities and delayed presentation of acute injuries
ndash Gangrene is a complication of wound contamination and prompt wound treatment is critical for its prevention Gangrenous wounds should be managed aggressively with surgical removal of gangrenous tissue There is no risk of transmission of gangrene to unaffected persons
EARTHQUAKE AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Earthquakes may increase the transmission of the following bull WaterSanitationHygiene-related and Foodborne Diseases
ndash Displaced populations are at high risk from outbreaks of water sanitation and hygiene and foodborne-related diseases due to reduced access to safe water and sanitation systems
ndash Disruption of usual water sources and contamination of water by damaged sewage infrastructure may result in unsafe drinking water
bull Diseases Associated With Crowding ndash Population displacement can result in overcrowding in resettlement
areas raising the risk of transmission of certain communicable diseases that are spread from person to person through respiratory droplets such as measles diphtheria and pertussis (see section below on vaccine-preventable diseases) and acute respiratory infections or ARI This risk is increased with inadequate ventilation
ndash Overcrowding can also increase the likelihood of transmission of meningitis waterborne and vector-borne diseases in the weeks and months following the earthquake
NOTES previous experience with earthquakes that caused major structural damage has demonstrated that the incidence of crush syndrome is 2-15 with approximately 50 of those with crush syndrome developing acute renal failure and over 50 needing fasciotomy Of those with renal failure 50 need dialysis
WHAT IS HYPOTHERMIA bull A medical emergency that occurs when body heat is lost faster than it
is metabolically produced bull Medical definition Hypothermia is defined as core body temperature
below 95 F (35 C) bull Left untreated hypothermia can be fatal
SYMPTOMS Shivering Lack of coordination Slurred speech Difficulty thinking Drowsiness or low energy Progressive loss of consciousness Apathy Weak Pulse Slow shallow breathing
WHAT CAUSES HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it The most common causes of hypothermia are exposure to cold-weather conditions or cold water But prolonged exposure to any environment colder than your body can lead to hypothermia if you arent dressed appropriately or cant control the conditions
HYPOTHERMIA
BODY TEMPERATURE DESCRIPTION SYMPTOMS
CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT
37 986 No hypothermia No hypothermia
Below 35 95 Definition of hypothermia
NA
32 to 35 896 to 95 Mild
hypothermia
Shivering Lethargy apathy confusion Rapid heart rate
28 to 32 824 to 896 Moderate
hypothermia
Shivering stops Increased confusion or delirium Slowing heart rate may become irregular
Below 28 Below 824 Severe
hypothermia
Coma Ventricular fibrillation May appear deceased
20 68 Brain activity stops
FIRST AID
bull Severely hypothermic individuals should be handled carefully as vigorous movements can trigger cardiac arrhythmias including fatal ventricular fibrillation
bull Move hypothermic persons from the cold remove any wet clothing and cover with blankets
bull Provide warm beverages if the person is able to swallow bull Apply warm dry compress to the neck chest wall or groin bull Do not apply any direct heat bull Monitor breathing and pulse Assist ventilations and perform CPR if
necessary
SOURCE THE MAYO CLINIC OUTDOOR ACTION GUIDE
bull Sheltering Activities Tents blankets sleeping bags and heaters have been dispatched and distributed in the disaster-affected area to cover the need for emergency shelter
bull Turkish Red Crescent disaster response teams established three tent camps in the Erccedilis District of Van
bull Two Mevlana House Camps (278 Mevlana pre-fabricated houses) are being established both in Van Central Province and Ercis District 1968 Prefabricated Mevlana Houses have already been distributed to 48 villages which are located in higher altitude and colder areas
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 | IFRC EMERGENCY APPEAL OPERATION UPDATE TURKEY VAN EARTHQUAKE
TURKISH RED CRESCENT DISASTER OPERATIONS UPDATE ndash 8| OCHA SITREP NO7 |
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HUMANITARIAN AID DEPARTMENT
bull The Government has ordered TOKI (governmental agency on construction) to construct houses for the affected population as quickly as possible
bull For temporary shelter purposes containers are being manufactured and will be dispatched to the earthquake as soon as possible
ndash The Government has allocated 600000 TL ($32258000) to the Batman Governorship for the repair and maintenance of 260 containers in its possession and delivered to the affected areas in Van
ndash Another 100 containers manufactured under the management of Kocaeli Governorship will be delivered to the affected area on 3 November
bull The Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent are signing a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SHELTER
Due to the present weather conditions and presuming that it becomes worse in the coming weeks the provision of winterized tents and prefabricated houses would be the best solution in order to meet the needs of the affected population Many people are afraid to return to their houses due to the frequent aftershocks that mean the increased request for tents
WHAT IS HYPOTHERMIA bull A medical emergency that occurs when body heat is lost faster than it
is metabolically produced bull Medical definition Hypothermia is defined as core body temperature
below 95 F (35 C) bull Left untreated hypothermia can be fatal
SYMPTOMS Shivering Lack of coordination Slurred speech Difficulty thinking Drowsiness or low energy Progressive loss of consciousness Apathy Weak Pulse Slow shallow breathing
WHAT CAUSES HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it The most common causes of hypothermia are exposure to cold-weather conditions or cold water But prolonged exposure to any environment colder than your body can lead to hypothermia if you arent dressed appropriately or cant control the conditions
HYPOTHERMIA
BODY TEMPERATURE DESCRIPTION SYMPTOMS
CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT
37 986 No hypothermia No hypothermia
Below 35 95 Definition of hypothermia
NA
32 to 35 896 to 95 Mild
hypothermia
Shivering Lethargy apathy confusion Rapid heart rate
28 to 32 824 to 896 Moderate
hypothermia
Shivering stops Increased confusion or delirium Slowing heart rate may become irregular
Below 28 Below 824 Severe
hypothermia
Coma Ventricular fibrillation May appear deceased
20 68 Brain activity stops
FIRST AID
bull Severely hypothermic individuals should be handled carefully as vigorous movements can trigger cardiac arrhythmias including fatal ventricular fibrillation
bull Move hypothermic persons from the cold remove any wet clothing and cover with blankets
bull Provide warm beverages if the person is able to swallow bull Apply warm dry compress to the neck chest wall or groin bull Do not apply any direct heat bull Monitor breathing and pulse Assist ventilations and perform CPR if
necessary
SOURCE THE MAYO CLINIC OUTDOOR ACTION GUIDE
bull Sheltering Activities Tents blankets sleeping bags and heaters have been dispatched and distributed in the disaster-affected area to cover the need for emergency shelter
bull Turkish Red Crescent disaster response teams established three tent camps in the Erccedilis District of Van
bull Two Mevlana House Camps (278 Mevlana pre-fabricated houses) are being established both in Van Central Province and Ercis District 1968 Prefabricated Mevlana Houses have already been distributed to 48 villages which are located in higher altitude and colder areas
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 | IFRC EMERGENCY APPEAL OPERATION UPDATE TURKEY VAN EARTHQUAKE
TURKISH RED CRESCENT DISASTER OPERATIONS UPDATE ndash 8| OCHA SITREP NO7 |
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HUMANITARIAN AID DEPARTMENT
bull The Government has ordered TOKI (governmental agency on construction) to construct houses for the affected population as quickly as possible
bull For temporary shelter purposes containers are being manufactured and will be dispatched to the earthquake as soon as possible
ndash The Government has allocated 600000 TL ($32258000) to the Batman Governorship for the repair and maintenance of 260 containers in its possession and delivered to the affected areas in Van
ndash Another 100 containers manufactured under the management of Kocaeli Governorship will be delivered to the affected area on 3 November
bull The Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent are signing a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SHELTER
Due to the present weather conditions and presuming that it becomes worse in the coming weeks the provision of winterized tents and prefabricated houses would be the best solution in order to meet the needs of the affected population Many people are afraid to return to their houses due to the frequent aftershocks that mean the increased request for tents
bull Sheltering Activities Tents blankets sleeping bags and heaters have been dispatched and distributed in the disaster-affected area to cover the need for emergency shelter
bull Turkish Red Crescent disaster response teams established three tent camps in the Erccedilis District of Van
bull Two Mevlana House Camps (278 Mevlana pre-fabricated houses) are being established both in Van Central Province and Ercis District 1968 Prefabricated Mevlana Houses have already been distributed to 48 villages which are located in higher altitude and colder areas
SOURCE TRCS OPS UPDATE ndash 10 | IFRC EMERGENCY APPEAL OPERATION UPDATE TURKEY VAN EARTHQUAKE
TURKISH RED CRESCENT DISASTER OPERATIONS UPDATE ndash 8| OCHA SITREP NO7 |
EUROPEAN COMMISSION HUMANITARIAN AID DEPARTMENT
bull The Government has ordered TOKI (governmental agency on construction) to construct houses for the affected population as quickly as possible
bull For temporary shelter purposes containers are being manufactured and will be dispatched to the earthquake as soon as possible
ndash The Government has allocated 600000 TL ($32258000) to the Batman Governorship for the repair and maintenance of 260 containers in its possession and delivered to the affected areas in Van
ndash Another 100 containers manufactured under the management of Kocaeli Governorship will be delivered to the affected area on 3 November
bull The Ministry for EU Affairs the EU and the Turkish Red Crescent are signing a grant agreement for the supply of some 1200 temporary housing units accommodating 6000
HEALTH AND MEDICAL SHELTER
Due to the present weather conditions and presuming that it becomes worse in the coming weeks the provision of winterized tents and prefabricated houses would be the best solution in order to meet the needs of the affected population Many people are afraid to return to their houses due to the frequent aftershocks that mean the increased request for tents