ya khain sar tan report on rakhine

7/30/2019 Ya Khain Sar Tan Report on Rakhine

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nTefMum;a&;rSL;? orkdif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme,Ofaus;rI0efBuD;Xme1/ Thin Kyi, Arakanese Capital: "A Preliminary Survey of the Geographical Sitting", JBRS, Vol.LIII. Part II, Rangoon, 1970, p-1-132/vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;? &ckdifjynfe,f3/ jynfe,fjzpfpOf pm 70 714/ Arakan Palace, p.4886/ OD;y@d? "n0wD&mZ0ifopf? jynfBuD;r@Kdifyd#uwfykHESdyfwkduf? &efukef? 1910/7/ pErmvmvuFm&? &ckdif&mZ0ifopf? (y)wGJ? yd#uwfykHESdyfwkduf? &efukef? 1931? pm 246? 260/


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1/ jrefrmrif;rsm;ta&;awmfykH? eHYomykHESdyfwkduf? &efukef? 1967-pm 36/

2/Serajuddin, Muslim influence in Arakan and the Muslim Names of Arakanese Kings, Asiaric Society of Bangladesh, VolXXX,I June, 1986,

p.20.

3/ &ckdif&mZ0ifopf('k)wGJ? 1931/4/ Maurice Collis, The Land of the Great Image, Faber and Faber Ltd. London. P.107.5/ Smart, Report on the Revision Settlement Operations in the Akyab district 1913-1917, Rangoon, Govt. Press 1918, p-156/ ewfarmufbkef;ausmf? t*Fvdyf-jrefrmppforkdif;?(wwd,tBudrf)? pmayavmuykHESdyfwkduf? &efukef? 1999? pm-129/


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1/ armifawmNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;? orkdif;jyKpka&;tzGJY? armifawmNrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpD? 1981? pm 25/2/ Burma Gazetteer, Akyab District, Vol(A), Rangoon(Yangon), Govt. Press, 1957, p-83.3/ OD;xGef;vSjzL? &ckdifjynfe,fpD;yGm;a&;b@mwkduf? awmufawmuf0if;ykHESdyfwkduf? 1976? &efukef? pm-95/4/ OD;atmifMunf(v0u)e,fpyfjyem? vufESdyfpufrl? armifawmNrdKU? 1976? pm 6/5/ orkdif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme? armfuGef;Xmepk? D 13186/ OD;atmifMunf(v0u)? e,fpyfjyem? pm 6/


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1/ armifawmNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;? pm 70/2/ OH/0361/2009 awGYqkHar;jref;csuf? orkdif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme? armfuGef;Xmepk/3/ &ckdifjynfe,f bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f\&kd[if*smtrnfcH ppfwaumif;om; b*FgvDrGwfqvifrsm;ESifhywfoufwifjyonfhpmwrf;uGefysLrl/4/ armifawmNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;? pm 27/5/ bkHaygufomausmf? &ckdifjynfe,fESifh&kd[if*smtrnfcH b*FgvDrsm;jyempmwrf;? vufESdyfpufrl? 1989? pm 84/6/ bkHaygufomausmf? awmfvSefa&;c&D;0,f? owif;*sme,fykHESdyfwkduf? &efukef? 1973? pm 73/


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1/ armifxif? ]]&ckdifjynfe,ftpD&ifcHpm}}? jr0wDr*Zif;? 1960? Zlvkdif? twGJ8? trSwf 9? pm 14/2/ &ckdifjynfe,fESifh&kd[if*smtrnfcH ba*FgvDrsm;jyem? pm 93/3/ D 1313 ?orkdif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme? armfuGef;Xmepk/

4/ &ckdifjynfe,fjzpfpOforkdif;? 'kwd,wGJ? pm 36-37/5/ &aohawmifNrdKUe,forkdif;jzpfpOfrSwfwrf;NrdKUe,forkdif;jzpfpOfrSwfwrf;jyKpka&;tzGJY? &aohawmif? 1981? pm 22/6/ &ckdif-ukvm;t"du&kPf;udk,fawGYrSwfpk? pm 1/7/ &ckdif-ukvm;t"du&kPf;ukd,fawGYrSwfpk? pm 5/8/ D 1318 ?orkdif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme? armfuGef;Xmepk/9/ Irwin, Anthony, Burmese Outpost, London, Collins, P-7-8, 16


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t*Fvdyftpkd;&u &ckdif&Gmjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;jyKvkyfaomfvnf; rGwfqvifukvm;rsm;u rvkdvm;jcif;? vltiftm;uGmjcm;jcif;? rl*sm[pfrsm;u Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;aMumifh &ckdifwkdY rMumcP xGufajy;aeMu&ojzifh &Gmwnfr&EkdifawmhonfhtajctaeodkY a&muf&SdcJh&onf/ 1946 ckESpfwGif jyef0ifvmaom rGwfqvifrsm;onf bl;oD;awmifNrdKUESifheD;uyfaom uusbuf? uHBuD;jyif? armifeD&Gm? tv,facsmif;paom&Gmrsm;yifvQif tdrfajc(30)xuf rausmfao;acs/ xkd&Gmrsm;wGif 1948 ckESpfu rGwfqvifOD;a& wpfodef;ESpfaomif;ausmfvm&m rnfokdY0ifvmonfudk pOf;pm;Ekdifayonf/ &yf&Gmom;rsm;rSm &cdkifr&dSbJ rGwfqvifoufoufjzpfNyD; olBuD;rSmvnf; rGwfqvifolBuD;jzpfaejyef&m ppfwaumif;e,frSrGwfqvifrsm; pdwfBudKuf0ifxGufEkdifvmjcif;jzpfonf/3 bl;oD;awmif? armifawme,frsm;wGif ppftwGif;u xGufajy;oGm;aom &ckdif&Gmrsm;tm;vkH;udk ppftNyD;wGif ppfwaumif;e,frS rGwfqviftrsm;tjym; 0ifa&muf

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tpkd;&xH awmif;qkdvIyf&Sm;vmonf/ rGwfqviftrsm;pk&Sdaom tdEd,taemufbufa'oESifhtdEd,ta&SUbuf b*Fvm;jynfe,fa'orsm;udk ygupwefEkdifiHtjzpf xlaxmifay;&ef awmif;qkdcJhMuonf/ awmif;qkdvIyf&Sm;rIonfarmifawm? bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,frsm;&Sd ppfwaumif;om;wkdYu topfjzpfay:vmaomygupwefESifhaygif;&ef pDpOfMuonf/ txl;ojzifh rGwfqvifynmwwfrsm;u BudK;pm;vmjcif;jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh 1942 ckESpf u&mcsDNrdKUwGif usif;

yaomtpvmrfnDvmcH ygupwefESifhaygif;pnf;a&;tqkdwpf&yfwifoGif;cJhonf[kod&onf/ bl;oD;awmif? armifawm? &aohawmifwkdY rGwfqvifOD;a&rsm;onfhtwGuf ygupwefe,ftwGif; xnfhoGif;owfrSwfay;a&;udk NAdwdoQtpkd;&xH toem;cH&ef BudK;pm;cJhMuonf[kqkdonf/4

ppftwGif; 1946 wGifJami-a-tul Ulema-e IslamtzGJYay:aygufvm&m if;ygwDu 1947 ckESpfwGif u&mcsDodkYoGm;um ygupwefvGwfajrmufa&;vIyf&Sm;aeaom rGwfqvifacgif;aqmif*sif;em;ESifhawGYqkHNyD; bl;oD;awmif? armifawm? &aohawmifwkdYudk ygupwefEkdifiHESifhyl;aygif;cGifhjyK&ef awmif;qkdcJhonf/5 xkdodkYaqG;aEG;&mwGif &ckdifajrmufydkif;a'oudk wkdufckdufNyD; ygupwefxJodkY oGwfoGif;&ef odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'otjzpf &&Sdatmif AkdvfcsKyf

1/ London India Office Record, R/8/9GS, 42432/ London India Office Record, R/8/9GS, 4243 p-63/ OD;pHxGef;atmif? ukd,fawGYar,kESifh&kd[if*sm(vufESdyfpufrl) pm 99-100/4/ cifBuD;azsmf? &cdkifjynfe,frSrl*sm[def;[lonf? &ckdifwefaqmifESpfvnfr*Zif;? 1959-60? pm-99/5/ Dr.Mohammed Yunus, A History of Arakan; Past & Present, Mangenta Color Press, Chittagong, 1994, p-123.


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&ckdifwkdYjynfe,fawmif;qkdoHrsm; us,fjyefYvmjcif;udk rGwfqvifrsm;uvnf; ,cifuyif pkd;&drfcJhonf/ &ckdifwkdYawmif;qkdcsufatmifjrifcJhvQif jynfe,fay;cJhvQif? rGwfqvifrsm; zdESdyfcH&rnfudk pkd;&drfcJhMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh &ckdifajrmufydkif;&Sd rGwfqvifwkdYvnf; cGJxGufa&;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; pwifjyKvkyfvmMuonfudk(Rees William)u tpkd;&okdYwpfcsdefuyif wifjytpD&ifcHcJhNyD;jzpfonf/2 vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemufydkif; &ckdifudk jynfe,fay;ygrnf[k uwday;vkdufaomtcg &ckdifjynfe,f&Sd rGwfqvifwkdYonf rauseyfrIrsm; jzpfay:vmcJhonf/ vIyf&Sm; x


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qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;udk tm;ay;aomorkdif;aqmif;yg;wpfyk'fudk 28-8-51 aeYxkwf *g;'D;,ef;owif;pmwGif pwifa&;om;cJhonf/ xkdYaemuf (10)ESpftMum arvxkwf *g;'D;,ef;r*Zif;wGif trfatwm[D&fbomu (bom)[laom jrefrmtrnfjzifhrpwm*zg;uJhodkY bl;oD;awmif? armifawmNrdKUe,frsm;&Sd ppfwaumif;om;rGwfqvifrsm;udk &ckdifwkdif;&if;om;rGwfqvifjzpfav[ef rckdifrmaomorkdif;taxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh a&;om;vmonfudk awGY&onf/

&ckdifwkdY\jynfe,fawmif;qkdrIBuD;xGm;vmcsdefwGif rGwfqvifwkdYuvnf; &ckdifwkdYESifhwef;wltcGifhta&;ay;&efawmif;qkdcJhMuonf/ wkdif;&if;om;tjzpf tcGifhta&;awmif;qkdvmjcif;jzpfonf/ xkdaqmif;yg;udk &kd[if*smtrsKd;om;nDnTwfa&;

tzGJYcsKyfuvnf; ]]&kd[if*smvlrsKd;pk&mZ0iftusOf;csKyf}}trnfjzifh tenf;i,fjznfhpGufum 1960 jynfhESpfwGif ykHESdyfjzefYa0cJhonf/1 trfatwm[D&fbomuyif 1963 ckESpf ]]&kd[if*smESifhurefvlrsKd;pkrsm;}}[laompmtkyfudk jrpfBuD;em;NrdKU &kd[if*smtrsKd;om;nDnTwfa&;tzGJYrSwpfqifh xkwfa0cJhjyefonf/2 xdkYtwl armifoHvGifuvnf; &kd[if*smvlrsKd;rsm;taMumif;udk jr0wDr*Zif;wGif a&;om;um wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;jzpfaMumif; vrf;aMumif;jycJhonf/3 odkYaomf &kd[if*smESifhywfoufonfhaqmif;yg;tm;vkH;onf bomESifh*zg; a&;om;onfhaqmif;yg;udk xyfwlul;csa&;om;xm;jcif;rsm;om jzpfonfudk awGY&onf/ xkdxufykdaomtaxmuftxm;r&SdawmhbJ vSnfhywfa&;om;aejcif;om jzpfonf/ &kd[if*smvlrsKd;udk wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;jzpfa&;pDrHcsufjzifh ygvDrefwGifvnf;aumif;? ygvDrefjyifywGifvnf;aumif; pepfwus rGwfqvifynmwwfrsm;u OD;aqmifumvIyf&Sm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/

(n) &kd[if*smvlrsKd;udk zefwD;,ljcif;t*FvdyfwkdY &ckdifudk odrf;ydkufvkdufonfhtcsdeftxd &kd[if*sm[laomtokH;tEIef; ray:ao;acs/ udkvkdeDacwforkdif;

q&mrsm; a&;om;onfhjrefrmEkdifiHorkdif;? &ckdiforkdif;pmtkyfrsm;wGifvnf; &kd[if*smtaMumif; rygcJhacs/ ppfwaumif;a'orS vma&mufvkyfudkifaom tvkyform;rsm;? &ckdifbk&ifvufxufu okHYyef;tjzpf zrf;qD;vmolrsm;om &SdcJh&m if;wkYdudk b*FgvDukvm;rsm;[komac:Muonf/ &kd[if*sm[laomtokH;tEIef;onf 'kwd,urmppftwGif;rSom ay:aygufvmonfhtokH;tEIef;jzpfonf/ 1947 ckESpfwGif ay:aygufvmaompum;vkH;topfwpfck jzpfonf/ &kd[if*smorkdif;udk vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemufydkif;wGif b*FgvDynmwwfrsm;u a&;om;Muonf/ &kd[if*sm[laomtrnfudk wkdif;odjynfodjzpfatmif pwifvIyf&Sm;rIonf1960 jynfhESpftwGif;rS pwifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/

bl;oD;awmifygvDreftrwf t'la*:azmf(*zg;)u 1960 jynfhESpf {NyD 21 &ufaeY &efukefwGif jyKvkyfaom owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJwGif &ckdif? yxefESifhtm&yfwkdYaoG;aESm&mrS jzpfay:vmaomvlrsKd;onf &kd[if*smvlrsKd;jzpfonf[kvnf;aumif;? &cdkif? b*FgvD? tl&'l? yg&Sef? tm&bDpum;rsm;udk a&maESm jzpfay:vmaompum;onf &kd[if*smpum;jzpfaMumif; wifjycJhonf/4

trSefwu,ftm;jzifh if;wkdY\pum;rsm;onf b*FgvDpum;rsm;om jzpfonf/ if;wkdYajymaompum; ppfwaumif;atmufydkif;u ajymaompum;jzpfonf/ ba*FgwGif ppfwaumif;txufydkif;u ajymaompum;ESifhppfwaumif;atmufydkif;u ajymaompum;[kESpfrsKd;&Sdonf/ pum;ESpfrsKd;onf tenf;i,fuGJonf/ ppfwaumif;txufydkif;okH;onhfpum;onf ,cktcg wGifus,fae&m,lvmNyD; ZmwfjrifhwkdYokH;onfhpum;tjzpf tokH;jyKvm&m ppfwaumif;atmufydkif;okH;onfhpum;onf

ba*FgwGif tokH;tvGefenf;aom pum;jzpfvmonf/ &ckdifjynfe,ftwGif; 0ifa&mufvmaom b*FgvDwkdYu ppfwaumif;atmufydkif;pum;om okH;ojzifh ba*Fge,fodkYoGm;vQif pum;raygufjcif;? wpfzufEkdifiHrS b*FgvDrsm;u tqifhr&Sdolrsm;tjzpfqufqHjcif;udk cH&onf/5 jrefrmEkdifiHwGifvnf; ckd;0ifvmolrsm;tjzpf b*FgvDrsm;udk ta&;xm;ouJhokdY wpfzufEkdifiHuvnf;tqifhedrfhZmwfedrfhtjzpf cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;cH&ojzifh ESpfEkdifiHMum;wGif oD;jcm;jynfe,fxlaxmif&ef MuHpnfvmjcif;jzpfonfudkawGY&onf/

&kd[if*smay:aygufvmykHudk rGwfqvifwkdYu a&;om;&mwGif if;wkdYonf at'D 7 &mpk a0omvDacwfu tma&Asukefonfrsm; a&muf&SdukefoG,f&mwGif &rf;NAJoabFmysuf&m &ckdifbk&ifu ulnDapmifha&Smufae&mcsxm;ay;cJh&mrS pwifaexkdif

1/ Ba Tha, Roewengyas In Arakan, The Guardian, 1960, p-33.2/ trfatwm[D&fbom? &kd[if*smESifhurefvlrsKd;pkrsm;? &kd[if*smtrsKd;om;nDnTwfa&;tzGJY? &efukef? 1963/3/ armifoHvGif? &ckdifukvm; odkYr[kwf &kd;0efnmvlrsKd;rsm;? jr0wDr*Zif;? twGJ(8)? trSwf(9)? 1960? pm-10/4/ armifawmNrdKUe,forkdif;? pm 88/

5/ OH/P/0362/2009,awGYqkHar;jref;csuf? orkdif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme? armfuGef;Xmepk/


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vmcJhaMumif;? yxefvlrsKd;rsm;ESifhb*Fvm;jynfrS 0ifa&mufvmMuolrsm;rSm tm&yftquftEG,frsm;om jzpfaom]]&kd;0efnm}}vlrsKd;rsm;ESifhaygif;oif;aexkdifvmcJhMuonfwGif &dk;0ef*sm(,cktcg &kd[if*sm)ac:vlrsKd;jzpfvmaMumif;?&kd0ef*smqkdaomtrnfrSm &ckdifpum;&if;jzpf&m &Gma[mif;uusm;[kt"dyg,f&onf[kqkdonf/1 if;u &ckdif&mZ0ifpmtkyfudk ukd;um;vsuf at'D 7 &mpkESpfavmufuyif rGwfqvifrsm; tajccscJhaMumif; wifjyxm;aomfvnf; &ckdif&mZ0ifpmtkyfrsm;? ayyk&ykduftaxmuftxm;tm;vkH;onf aemufydkif;rS jyefvnfa&;om;aompmtkyfrsm;jzpfonf/rnfonhf&ckdif&mZ0ifrS rl&if;taxmuftxm; r[kwfawmhacs/ &ckdif&mZ0ifxJwGif tapmqkH;&mZ0ifpmtkyf[kowfrSwfxm;aom "n0wDta&;awmfyHkonf (1786)ckESpfwGif 'kd;a0&mZ0ifukd rSDjirf;um jyefvnfa&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ckdifrmonf[k,lq&aom irJ&mZ0ifonfyifvQif ukdvkdeDacwf(1840)ckESpfwGif jyefvnfa&;om;xm;aom&mZ0ifjzpfonf/ if;pmtkyfudk rSDjirf;um z,f&mu &ckdiforkdif;udk a&;om;cJhonf/ z,f&ma&;om;onfhpmtkyfudk rSDjirf;um ppfawG*ZufwD,mudk prwfu a&;om;cJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh tm&yfrGwfqvifrsm; at'D 7 &mpkuyif vma&muftajcpkduf&mrS pwifcJhonf[laomtqkdonf '@m&DtqifhomvQif jzpfonfudk od&SdEkdifonf/

1961 ckESpfxkwf trsKd;om;owif;pmwGif &kd[if*smESifhywfouf aqmif;yg;&SifwpfOD;u ]]&kd[if*sm}}qkdaompum;onf ]]&Gma[mif;om;}}[kt"dyg,f&aMumif;? &mZ0ift& wkdif;&if;om;ppfppfrsm; jzpfaMumif;? wifjyxm;onf

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ajrmufOD;acwftpydkif;wGif rif;apmrGef &ckdifxD;eef;udk jyefvnf&&Sd&eftwGuf rGwfqvifa*g&fbk&ifu ulnD

ay;cJhonfudk taMumif;jyK at'D 1430 jynfhESpfwGif rGwfqvifbmom0ifrsm; pwif0ifa&mufvmcJhNyD; rGwfqvifbGJYtrnfcHcJhonf[kqkdonf/ odkYaomf &ckdiforkdif;ynm&Sif *sufvkduf'g(J.P.Leider)u ppfa&;t& rif;apmrGeftm; rGwfqvifa*g&fbk&if ulnDonf[laomtaxmuftxm;udk &ckdiforkdif;rsm;wGif '@m&Dqefqefa&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfNyD;ba*Fgorkdif;wGif ckdifrmonfhtaxmuftxm;rsm; r&SdaMumif;? xkdtcsdefu ba*Fga'oonf rwnfrNidrfjzpfaeonfhtajctaeaMumifh rif;apmrGefudk ulnDonfrSm jzpfEkdifzG,fr&SdaMumif; axmufjycJhonf/4 z,f&mudk,fwkdifuvnf; b*Fvm;pmaytaxmuftxm;rsm;wGif rif;apmrGef oGm;a&mufckdvIHonfhtaxmuftxm; vkH;0rawGY&yg[kqdkcJhonf/&ckdifbk&ifrsm; rGwfqvifbGJYtrnfrsm;udk vufcHcJhjcif;aMumifh rGwfqvif[k,lq&ef taMumif;r&Sdacs/ &ckdifbk&ifrsm;eef;wufonfhtcgwkdif; bk&m;wnfjcif;? ausmif;aqmufvSL'gef;jcif;? uRefvSLjcif;? oD&dvuFmodkY&[ef;rsm; apvTwf

jcif;wkdYudk ausmufpmtaxmuftxm;rsm;wGif tckdiftrmygNyD;jzpfonf/ at'D 7 &mpkESifh9 &mpktwGif; a&;xkd;xm;onfh&Spfaomif;bk&m;twGif;&Sd tmeEp`EausmufpmwGif Ak'bmomukd;uG,f,kHMunfrIudk tckdiftrm a&;xkd;xm;onfudk awGY&Sd&onf/5 1960-61 ckESpf &ckdifwefaqmifr*Zif;twGJ(2)? trSwf(9)? t*Fvdyfbmomykdif;wGif aqmif;yg;&SifppfawGarmifu arm&pfaumvpf a&;om;onfh(Arakan Palace in the Civilization of the Bay)udk udk;um; a&;om;&mwGif ajrmufOD;acwftEkynm? Adokumvuf&mrsm;onf rGwfqvif,Ofaus;rItaiGYtouf rygonfhtjyif [dEL,Ofaus;rIbufodkYom EG,faMumif;? arm&pfaumvpf\tqkdESifhodkYvlrsKd;wpfrsKd;wDxGifjcif;rSm a'o&Sdwkdif;&if;om;rsm;udk armif;xkwf tydkifpD;vkdaom&nf&G,fcsufrsm;om jzpfaMumif; wifjycJhonfudk awGY&onf/6

1/ &kd[if*smvlrsKd;pk\&mZ0iftusOf;csKyf? &efukef? &kd[if*smtrsKd;om;nDnTwfa&;tzGJY? 1960? pm 12/2/ trsKd;om;owif;pm? (22-2-61)? pm 8/3/ The Guardian, 1960, p-334/ vSxGef;jzL? &ckdifjynfpD;yGm;a&;b@mwdkuf? pm 92-96/5/ tmeEp`Eausmufpm6/ armifawmNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;? pm 88/


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&kd[if*sm[lonfhpum;udk tvHeDuGefjrLepfrsm;u ]]rl*sm[pf}}olykefrsm;twGuf xGifay;cJhaom trnfjzpfaMumif;? 1950 jynfhESpfrsm;tpykdif;u tvHeDrsm;ESifhrl*sm[pfrsm;onf ]],m,Dr[mrdwf}}zGJYxm;NyD; zqyvtpkd;&ukdwkdufckdufaeMuaMumif;? rl*sm[pfrsm;u if;wdkYtwGuf orkdif;0iftrnfwpfck &Smay;ckdif;ojzifh tvHeDrsm;u &Smay;cJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; a&;om;xm;onfhrSwfwrf;wpfckvnf; awGY&onf/1

armifawmNrdKUrS q&mawmfwpfOD;u if;\tawGYtMuHKudk ajymjyonfrSm-OD;Ek? OD;AaqGwkdY armifawmudk 1960-61rSma&mufvmawmh ausmif;em;uukuKdyifBuD;em;rSm tpnf;ta0;usif;ya[majymw,f/ wkdif;&if;om;tvkdufrdwfqufpum;ajymMuwJhtcgrGwfqvifynmwwfausmif;q&mBuD;awGjzpfwJh OD;barmif? OD;azZD? qD'DwkdY(3)OD;vnf; wufa&mufMuw,f/ olwkdYtvSnfha&mufawmh usKyfwkdYArmEkdifiHrSmaew,f/ bmvlrsKd;vkdYac:rvJvkdYar;w,f/ ygvmwJhOD;AaqGu rajzbl;/ OD;atmifZHa0u rif;wkdY[kdu'DuvGifhusvmwJhtwGuf vGifh*sm(&Gifh*sm)vkdYbJac:ayghvkdYajymw,f/ tJ'Dpum;ursm;pNyD; ay:aygufvmovm;awmh rodbl;

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Muaomfvnf; rGwfqvifwkdYtaejzifh pum;vkH;\t"dyg,fudk rBudKufMuacs/ odkYaomf tjcm; t"dyg,foufa&mufatmif zefwD;um vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;jzpfa&; aqmif&Gufvmonfudk awGY&onf/ rnfodkYqkdap &kd[if*smonf ,cifuwnf;u&SdvmcJhaom vlrsKd;trnfr[kwfbJ wDxGifzefwD;xm;aom a0g[m&opfwpfck jzpfaMumif; odEkdifonf/

armifawmNrdKUe,foHCmhem,uOu|u EkdifiHawmfoHCmhem,utzGJYudk wifjyonfpmwGif &ckdif&Gma[mif;*smtzGJY[ktrnfcHxm;aomukvm;qkd;wpfpkonf b*Fvm;a'h&SfodkYckdvIHum &Gma[mif;*sm[laompmapmifudk xkwfa0NyD; urmodkYjzefYcsdxkwfvTifhaeMuqJjzpfygonf/3

[kazmfjyxm;&m pwifvIyf&Sm;pOfu &Gma[mif;*smtrnfjzifh pwifjzpfay:vmykH&onf[k,lq&onf/ bl;oD;awmifrStouf 82 ESpf&Sdonfhtbdk;wpfOD;u ajymMum;onfrSm ]]&kd[if*smqkdwm taumiftxnfr&SdwJhwapeJYeyef;vkH;ae&

ovkdygyJ? r&SdwJht&mudk vkduf&Sif;ae&wm}}[kajymMum;cJhonf/4b*FgvDwkdYtaejzifh &kd[if*smvlrsKd;[k rdrdukd,fudk orkdif;taxmuftxm;rsm; jyum ac:qkdaeaomfvnf; &kd

[if*smvlrsKd;[l rnfonfhorkdif;pmtkyfwGifrQ 1947 ckESpftxd yg0ifcJhjcif; r&Sdonfudk awGY&onf/ 1947 ckESpfaemufydkif;wGif rGwfqvifynmwwftcsKdUu orkdif;udk zefwD;,lum wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;jzpfoa,mif a&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfonfudk awGY&onf/ NAdwdoQukdvkdeDvufxuf a&;om;xm;aomtaxmuftxm;pmtkyfrsm;? oef;acgifpm&if;aumuf,lcJhonfh 1872 ckESpf? 1901 ckESpf? 1911 ckESpfpm&if;rsm;wGifvnf; &kd[if*smvlrsKd;[l r&dScJhacs/ ppfwaumif;om;rsm;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? b*FgvDrsm;[kvnf;aumif; a&;om;rSwfwrf;wifxm;onfudk awGY&onf/

&kd[if*smonf vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;r[kwfaMumif; tckdiftrmoufaorsm;jzifh EkdifiHwum uGefz&ifhwGif wifjyolrsm;

rSm a'gufwmat;csrf;ESifha'gufwmat;ausmfwkdYjzpfonf/ a'gufwmat;csrf;\pmwrf;rSm (SOAS)wGif azmfjyjcif;cH&onf/5 xkdYtwl a'gufwmat;ausmfuvnf; EkdifiHwumpmwrf;zwfyGJwGif wifjycJhonf/6 &kd[if*smtaMumif; *syefwGif a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfpmtkyfudk *syefa&muf &ckdifrsm;u jyefvnfwkefYjyefonfhpmtkyfwpftkyfudk *syefrSmyif xkwfa0cJhonfudkvnf; awGY&Sd&onf/ a'gufwmat;csrf;ESifh&ckdiforkdif;q&mwkdYu &cdkifnGefYzl;r*Zif;rsm;wGif ,cifuyifxnfhoGif;a&;om;cJhMuonf/7 tajccHtaMumif;&if;onf 'kwd,urmppftwGif; NAdwdoQwkdY jyefvnf0ifa&mufonfhtcsdefwGif &ckdifwkdYu t*FvdyfqefYusifa&;vkyfaeojzifh t*FvdyfwkdYonf b*FgvDrsm;udk if;wkdY\vl,kHrsm;tjzpf pnf;

1/ &ckdiftm;rmef(2)? &ckdiforkdif;okawoetoif;? 1996? pm 39/

2/ OH/P/0356/2009, awGYqkHar;jref;csuf? orkdif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme? armfuGef;Xmepk/

3/ armifawmNrdKUe,ftem*wfomoemta&;tcif;ESifhywfoufwifjyavQmufxm;csuf? 28-9-1988/4/ OH/P/0361/2009, awGYqkHar;jref;csuf? 20-2-195/ Dr.Aye Chan, The Development of a Muslim Enclave in Arakan(Rakhine) State of Burma(Myanmar), SOAS Bulletin of BurmaResearch Vol.3, Autumn 2005, p-2

6/ Dr.Aye Kyaw, The Rohingya and Rakhing, http://arakanland.com/index-4 html7/ &ckdifwefaqmif


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