Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

INO : Foundations, Technological challenges, Innovations and Spin-off

INO(Nodal HEP

centre)

DedicatedDetector

Research LabM

edical Im

agingR

&T

Liaison withUniversities

IndustrySociety

Inte

rnat

iona

lC

olla

bora

tion

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

Nodal HEP Centre

Centre of excellence for HEP parallel to

DESY(Germany), KEK (Japan), IHEP(China)

Wide collaboration base

National : universities, R&D centres, hospitals, industry

International : HEP, NP, Astrophysics, Cosmology, Accelerators, Detector R&D, Medical diagnosis

Multi-disciplinary and multi-functional approach

Focus on ICAL/INO and Medical imaging to start with

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

INO vs Large Accelerator Centre

Accelerator with larger energy

INO at larger depth

Large detector systems Large detector systems

Large collaborationLarge collaboration

Physics beyond standardmodel

Physics beyond standardmodel

Supports creative research in related areas

(Should) support creative research in related areas

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

Dedicated detector research lab

R&D on RPCs for ICAL/INO

R&D for RPC and other detector systems for fine tracking with

Application to PET, TOFPET etc.

Application to future international collaborations

Application to special needs of medical diagnosis

Application to nuclear safety, contraband tracing

R&D for photo-multiplier tubes, AVPs, Opto-electronic devices and future material for detector and medical applications

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

Medical imaging : research and training

Requirements for medical imaging

tracking detector with good position and time resolution

high count rate capability

fast data acquisition and processing

fast data transmission and display

Online control of parameters

Training of manpower

Running of large arrays of detectors (gaseous detectors, electronics, PMTs, HV, daq, software….)

A possibility : degree in Applied Nuclear Techniques

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

Liaison with Universities, Industry and Society

Human resource development for basic sciences and medical diagnosis

Collaborative research in HEP and related fields

Collaboration with industries for R&D in materials and processes, control systems

Outreach to society : attract young talents

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

Contribution to large international projects

Basis for contribution

Connecting with Indian training and requirements

Direct relevance to our own programme

No new infrastructure generation

Dedicated detector lab at INO

Ready with technology and manpower

Only financial resources for extra pieces

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

Technological challenges Detector100,000 sq.m. of detector

200,000 sq.m. of glass (flatness, thickness uniformity…)

100,000 sq.m. of pickup strip area

4 million channels of readout electronics

Recycling gas handling systemExpensive R134a

Safety issues

Long term operation

Engineering challenges : Glass RPC very fragileHandling 27000 pieces 2m X 2m area

-beam

Development of special beam lines

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

Strength of the Indian community

Participation in large international collaborations

Fermilab Tevatron : D0

CERN LEP : L3

CERN SPS : WA93/WA98

CERN LHC : ALICE, CMS

BNL RHIC : STAR, PHENIX

Large detector systems, with thousands of channels, made in India and installed in these experiments

D0 Muon Veto

PMD for WA93, WA98, STAR and ALICE

Cathode pad chambers for Muon tracking in ALICE

Hadron calorimeter in CMS

Si-strips for CMS preshower

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

Strength of the Indian community

Successful collaboration in accelerator projects with CERN LHC

Long tradition of large area air shower experiments in India

Strong nuclear physics community with several medium-large instrumentation projects (VECC, BARC/TIFR, NSC….)

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

PMD @ CERN SPS

Bundle of 1900 fibres for one readout camera

Fiducial fibres

Total no. of pads 7500Area 4 sq.m.

WA93

Total no. of pads 53200Area 21 sq.m.

WA98

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

PMD @ STAR/RHIC (BNL)

With 83000 cells, this is the largest Indian detector abroad

Honeycomb Cellular

Proportional counters

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

Muon Scintillators at D0/Fermilab

TIFR scintillators installed in the D0 detector atFermilab

Scintillator with WLS fiber readout under fabrication at TIFR

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

Innovations

Processes

Materials

Tools/techniques

Examples

WA98 PMD : simple splicing jig

Solar light collector

ALICE PMD : honeycomb design

CMS preshower : silicon strips

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

Splicing jig for WLS+Clear fibres

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

Solar Light Collection• Remote Photo-voltaic conversion with increased light flux and reduction of

solar cell area.• Remote natural illumination using RBG mixing technique• Tracking of Sun not important• Filtered heat radiation may be used separately

RBG mixing and measurement

Photonics-2000, vol. 2, p. 750

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

ALICE PMD : Honeycomb DesignPMD in forward region : Detector design criteria

Confine charged particle hits to single cell to restrict occupancy and

improve photon-hadron discrimination;

Reduce cross-talk : stop -rays within a cell;

Use neutron-insensitive gas mixture (Ar +CO2)

Copper honeycomb

Closest to circular geometry

Excellent packing

Wall to stop -electrons

Cathode at high negative potential

Anode wire at ground, connected to readout

,.

Cathode extension

A small section

PCB

A unit cell

An excellent example for R&D on a novel idea, starting from scratch

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

SILICON STRIP FROM BEL

BARC SILICON STIP DEVELOPMENT FOR CMS

SILICON STRIP FROM CEERI

PILANI

CEERI PILANI & BEL BANGALORE TECHNOLOGY

AND FABRICATION PARTNERS

KEY SPECIFICATION 32 STRIPS

> 300V BREAK DOWN VOLTAGE< 10-20 nA LEAKAGE CURRENT

RAD HARD6.3 CM BY 6.3 CM

PROTOTYPING DONEPRODUCTION STARTED

TO SUPPLY 1000 DETECTORSTO CERN

Web://Cmsdoc.cern.ch/cms/ECAL/preshower

Fully indigenous R&D

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

Spin-off : Experience from CERN Collaboration

MANAS for ALICE

Developed by SINP group, the first low noise signal processing ASIC in India, fabricated at SCL, Chandigarh. Now approved by ALICE Collaboration for use in Muon Arm and PMD

16 channel pre-amp, shaper, track-and-hold analogue multiplexed output

A host of other ASICs by BARC

(for CMS and local applications) fabricated at SCL Chandigarh.

4 to 16 channel pre-amp, shaper, multi-function output

INDIPLEX for PMD (similar to MANAS but much higher dynamic range)

The technology is now at hand for exploitation

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

RPCs in medical imaging

TOFPET : better position resolution than PET

Crystal+PMT replaced by RPC+Readout ASIC

Huge reduction in cost

Whole body scan : very wide FOV

Cheap multi-layer RPCs

Fast electronics and data processing

Y P Viyogi, 1/5/05

Summary

Indian HEP/NP community quite experienced in large detector fabrication/running, ASIC design and FPGA programming.

INO will serve the country as nodal centre attracting international collaboration

With solid foundation and good management, we are sure to reap technological benefits and spin-off in electronics and medical sectors.