y 4a ½Ìp f © m Ñüsíñò¼cÏ lðq')2!¤rgn.hr/~dpavelic/pg-web-pdf/pz09 - kambrij.pdf116...

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PaleozoikKAMBRIJ

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Kambrij

• podjela:– terenovij: 542 - 521 mil.– serija 2: 521 - 510 mil.– serija 3: 510 - 499 mil.– furongij: 499 - 488 mil.

• prije: georgij, akadij, potsdamij

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Kambrij

• važniji biološki događaji– donji kambrij: prvi egzoskeletalni

invertebrati– srednji kambrij: prvi graptoliti– gornji kambrij: prvi beščeljusni

vertebrati

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Kambrij

• važniji paleogeografski događaji– raširene karbonatne platforme– glacijacija na južnoj hemisferi

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Kambrijska eksplozija života

• najniži kambrij– jednostavni

skeletalni fosili

Sibir i Kina. a) Anabarites. b) Cambrotubulus. c) Konodontomorf.

3-5 mm 1 mm

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Tomotijska fauna• Lapworthella• Archaeooides• forma anabaritida

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• Tomotijska fauna – bogatija fauna koja se pojavljuje u

središnjem dijelu donjeg kambrija– razvoj 3-4 mil. god.

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– uključuje i velike količine malih skeletalnih fragmenata

– sadrži i najstarije poznate članove nekoliko grupa koje su preživjele do danas

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Primitivni mekušac Spikula spužve

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• velike životinje sa skeletom– trilobiti

A. OlenellusB. HolmiaC. LejopygeD. ParadoxidesE. GlyptagnostusF. Illaenurus

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• bušotina promjera 5 cm

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• brahiopodi• bodljikaši

Eorthis Lingula

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• Chengjiang fauna– oblici mekanog

tijela• anomalokaridi

– člankonošci• prvi nautilidi

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Anomalocaris

Olenellus robsonensis

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Kambrijska eksplozija života• oblici života s

različitim načinom prehrane– hrane se talogom– hrane se iz

suspenzije• eokrinoidi

Eokrinoid

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• stromatoliti

A. arheocijatidi - glavni grebenotvorci u donjem kambriju

B. Najstariji organski greben: 1. arheocijatidi, 2. vapnenačke alge, 3. šupljine enkrustrirane kalcitom, 4., 5. nepoznati organizmi, 6. trilobiti na slojnoj plohi i u poprečnom presjeku.

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Rekonstrukcija grebena s arheocijatidima.

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• grebeni– arheocijatidi– hrane se iz

suspenzije

Neobični bodljikaši koji ne pokazuju blizak odnos niti s ijednom mlađom skupinom.

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• srednji i gornji kambrij– trajanje 25 mil. god.– ekspanzija mnogih grupa– rane ribe

Životinje bez čvrstih skeleta (Burgess šejl, Kanada).

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• Burgess šejl fauna– zapadna Sjeverna

Amerika• hordati• člankonošci

– onikofori

D. Opabinia, E. Pikaia.

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Yunnanozoon lividum, jedan od najstarijih hordata - 525 mil. god., Kina.

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Burgess šejl a) Ottoiab) Wiwaxiac) Hallucigeniad) Waptia

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•Helicoplacus– primitivni bodljikaš

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• konodonti - prvi kralježnjaci– zubi stožastog oblika – svitkoglavci bez lubanje

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a) Konodonti. Lijevo: Cahabagnathus sweeti. Desno: Scolopodus sp..

b) Životinja konodonta sačuvana kao karbonizirani otisak.

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Koštana pločica riba.

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• prve biljke na kopnu? - samo u močvarama: spora Aldanophyton antiquissimus

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Klima

Donji kambrij.

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Klima

Srednji i gornji kambrij.

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Paleogeografija• kratoni

formirali superkontinent Gondvanu u donjem kambriju

• progresivno prepravljivanje kontinenata

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Paleogeografija

• Laurencija zahvaćena transgresijom– rezultira u

prepoznavanju osobina taložnog sklopa

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Paleogeografija

• kontinentalni prostori - Laurencija, Fenosarmacija, Gondvana i dr.– marinske transgresije

• Europa• Amerika• Gondvana

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Paleogeografija

• Skandinavija– epikontinentalan razvoj

• Škotska– na prekambrijskim stijenama

kambrijske leže gotovo horizontalno

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Paleogeografija

• subdukcijski pojasevi– "geosinklinalni pojasevi" (stari

naziv)– zamršena dinamika razvoja– nakon klastita taložen vapnenac s

arheocijatidima i trilobitima

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Paleogeografija

– vulkaniti– taloženje debelih naslaga turbidita

(Španjolska, Maroko, Wales)– Tasmanija, sr. Azija, Ande -

grauvake i vulkanizam

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Paleogeografija

• Wales– klasično područje kambrija

• Češka– Praški bazen s trilobitima

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Paleogeografija

• Istočni Balkan– Južna Morava, Stara planina,

Porečka reka - metamorfiti – Makedonija - donji kambrij s

arheocijatidima• Škotska

– navlačenja • Skandinavija

– Finnmarkian

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Kambrijski događaji

• epizodno masovno izumiranje– plitkovodni trilobiti– nakon svakog izumiranja velika

radijacija i diverzitet novih vrsta– razlog izumiranja: privremeno

zahlađenje mora

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• postanak organskih grebena– organizmi grebenotvorci– Tippecanoe grebeni

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• grebeni– izdužene mase koje formiraju

barijeru između otvorenog mora i lagune - barijerni grebeni

– u kambriju arheocijatidi

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Višestruka transgresija smanjila kopnene površine.


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Mineralne sirovine

• kamena sol - Sibir, sjeverna Indija

• nafta - Sibir, Sjeverna Amerika• boksit• metalne rude slabije razvijene -

Azija, Sjeverna Amerika

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