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COMENIUS UNIVERSITY IN BRATISLAVA
JESSENIUS FACULTY OF MEDICINE
MARTIN
XXXV. STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE
PROGRAM and ABSTRACTS
April 29, 2014
Martin, SLOVAK REPUBLIC
XXXV. Student Scientific Conference Jessenius Faculty of Medicine
Comenius University Martin
The conference is supported by Dr. Jozef Lettrich Foundation
Dr. Jozef Lettrich Foundation
Nadácia Dr. Jozefa Lettricha Benkova 10 036 01 Martin
www.nadacialettricha.sk
CONGRESS COMMITTEE
Prof. Ján Danko, MD., PhD.
Dean
Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin
Prof. Peter Galajda, MD., PhD.
Vice-dean for Postgraduate Education and Student Scientific Activities
Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin
Jozef Hatok, RNDr., PhD.
Chairman of Organization Committee of Student Scientific Conference
ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE
Ľubica Bánovčinová, Mgr., PhD.
Eva Blahovcová, RNDr.
Veronika Čapláková, Mgr.
Ivan Farský, Mgr., PhD.
Jozef Hatok, RNDr., PhD.
Assoc. Prof. Juraj Mokrý, MD., PhD.
Michal Šimera, RNDr., PhD.
PROGRAM AT GLANCE
Date: April 29, 2014 Place: Aula A Novomeského 7 (next to the student hostel)
Aula B Novomeského 7 (next to the student hostel) Registration:
April 29, 2014 - 7.30 am
- before the beginning of your section Opening ceremony (Aula A – Novomeského 7) 08.00 – 08.10 Aula A
A1: Section of Preclinical Disciplines 08.15 – 10.00
- coffee break
A2: Section of Theoretical Disciplines 10.30 – 12.30
Aula B
B1: Section of Clinical Disciplines 08.15 – 09.30
- coffee break
B2: Section of Non-Medical Study Programmes 9.45 – 11.25
- coffee break
B3: Section of Nursing 11.40 – 12.40
Closing ceremony (Aula A – Novomeského 7) 13.00
Duration of lectures (Slovak or English language):
8 minutes, discussion – 4 minutes
PROGRAM IN DETAILS
„Aula A“
SECTION OF PRECLINICAL DISCIPLINES
(8.15 – 10.00)
PHENOTYPES OF THE TRPV1-POSITIVE AND TRPV1-NEGATIVE VAGAL
AFFERENT NEURONS INNERVATING THE STOMACH
Kristián Varga, Eva Kováčová and Marián Kollárik
Department of Pathophysiology, JFM CU Martin
ANIMAL MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS
Lucia Hanzelová, Monika Kornhauserová, Mariana Brozmanová and Marián
Kollárik
Department of Pathophysiology, JFM CU Martin
SENSITIZATION OF THE AIRWAYS BY HDM PARTICLES - NEW MODEL
FOR COUGH STUDIES IN ANIMALS
Jana Knappová, Róbert Ružinák, Tomáš Buday and Jana Plevková
Department of Pathophysiology, JFM CU Martin
ANTITUSSIVE EFFECT OF H3 AND H4 RECEPTORS ANTAGONISTS IN THE
UPPER AIRWAY COUGH SYNDROME ANIMAL MODEL
Barbora Korpallová, Martin Kuriš, Silvia Gavliaková and Jana Plevková
Department of Pathophysiology, JFM CU Martin
THE LONG-TERM SUPPRESSION OF CRAC CHANNELS AND
EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED ALLERGIC ASTHMA
Boris Dobroľubov, Martina Šutovská and Michaela Kocmálová
Department of Pharmacology, JFM CU Martin
COMBINATION OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUND WITH BUDESONIDE AND
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ALLERGIC ASTHMA
Anna Bobčáková, Soňa Fraňová and Ivana Kazimierová
Department of Pharmacology, JFM CU Martin
13
14
15
16
17
18
INFLUENCE OF ROFLUMILAST IN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF ALLERGIC
INFLAMMATION BASED ON WAY OF ADMINISTRATION
Marek Pršo, Alexandra Eichlerová, Ivana Medveďová and Juraj Mokrý
Department of Pharmacology, JFM CU Martin
MEASURABLE OUTCOMES OF SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY BASED
TEACHING TECHNIQUE IN PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY
Lea Kováčiková, Jana Plevková, Ferdinand Varga and Eva Kvaltínyová
Simulation educational center and Department of Pathophysiology, JFM CU
Martin
EFFECT OF ANTHOCYANINS IN FOOD ON THE RATS BEHAVIOR
Marika Papinčáková, Katarína Janšáková, Ľubomíra Tóthová and Július Hodosy
Institute of molecular biomedicine FM CU Bratislava
19
20
21
Coffee break
„Aula A“
SECTION OF THEORETICAL DISCIPLINES
(10.30 – 12.30)
INTERACTIVE 3D ATLAS OF HUMAN BONES – SKELETOPEDIA
Tomáš Havran, Michal Slabej and Peter Šulík
Department of Anatomy, FM CU Bratislava
Faculty of applied informatics, physics and mathematics, CU Bratislava
COUGH REFLEX DURING REDUCED VAGAL COUGH AFFERENT DRIVE IN
CATS
Lucia Babálová, Marcel Veterník and Ivan Poliaček
Institute of Medical Biophysics, JFM CU Martin
EFFECT OF METHANOL AND ITS METABOLITES ON HUMAN NEURAL
CELLS
Oliver Causov, Silvia Mahmood, Henrieta Škovierová and Radovan Murín
Department of Medical Biochemistry, JFM CU Martin
22
23
24
MODULATION OF COUGH AND BREATHING BY GABA-ERGIC INHIBITION
WITHIN THE MEDULLARY RAPHE IN CATS
Boris Dobroľubov, Ivan Poliaček and Marcel Veterník
Institute of Medical Biophysics, JFM CU Martin
AUTONOMIC REACTIVITY IN RESPONSE TO ACUTE EMOTIONAL STRESS
Danica Pollakova, Michal Mestanik and Ingrid Tonhajzerova
Department of Physiology, JFM CU Martin
ASSOCIATION OF BSMI GENE POLYMORPHISM OF VDR GENE WITH
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Dubovan Peter1, Čierny Daniel1, Michalik Jozef2, Kurča Egon2 and Lehotský Ján1
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, JFM CU Martin
2Department of Neurology, University hospital in Martin and JFM CU Martin
INDUCED HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA AND IT`S POSSIBLE EFFECT TO
NEURODEGENERATIVE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES UNFOLDING IN
EXPERIMENTAL MODEL
Oliver Koprda and Mária Kovalská
Department of Histology and Embryology, JFM CU Martin
ENDOTHELIUM, ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY
Gabriela Fleischerova and Michal Javorka
Department of Physiology, JFM CU Martin
EFFECT OF ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION ON ROS PRODUCTION IN RAT
HEART
Ján Sýkora, Stanislav Kuka and Peter Kaplán
Department of Medical Biochemistry, JFM CU Martin
YOUNG BARLEY IN THE CHEMOPREVENTION OF EXPERIMENTAL
MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS
Eva Jakubovičová, Juraj Fuzia, Peter Kubatka and Martin Péč
Department of Medical Biology, JFM CU Martin
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
„Aula B“
SECTION OF CLINICAL DISCIPLINES
(8.15 – 9.30)
INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS OF INDUCTION THERAPY IN ACUTE
MYELOID LEUKAEMIA PATIENTS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Martin Čerňan and Tomáš Szotkowski
Department of Haemato-Oncology, University Hospital in Olomouc and Faculty of
Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
EFFICACY OF DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH
ACUTE STEMI
Tomáš Bolek, Matej Samoš, Lukáš Duraj and Marián Mokáň
Department of Internal Medicine I, JFM CU Martin
Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, JFM CU Martin
NOVEL INSIGHT INTO THE MECHANISMS OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL
REFLUX
Halickova M, Androvic J, Halicka J, Banovcin P, Tatar M and Kollarik M.
Department of Pathophysiology, JFM CU Martin
PERSONALIZED THERAPY AND COMPLICATIONS OF CROHN’S DISEASE
Radoslav Hanzel and Dušan Mištuna
Department of Surgery, JFM CU Martin
NON-MOTOR SYMPTOMS OF PARKINSON´S DISEASE AND THEIR
RELATION TO THE DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION
Karolína Kapitánová and Štefan Sivák
Clinic of Neurology FNM and JFM CU Martin
AGE ESTIMATION USING THE FEMUR
Mária Marcinková and František Štuller
Institute of Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal Expertise, JFM CU Martin
Coffee break
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33
34
35
36
37
„Aula B“
SECTION OF NON-MEDICAL STUDY PROGRAMMES
(9.45 – 11.25)
MIDWIFERY FROM THE PUBLIC´S POINT OF VIEW
Laura Dobšovičová, Terézia Kokavcová and Eva Urbanová
Department of Midwifery, JFM CU Martin
SELF-ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN RELATION TO THE
KNOWLEDGE AND PROPER HABITS OF HAND HYGIENE
Lenka Fačková and Simona Kelčíková
Department of Public Health, JFM CU Martin
BREASTFEEDING AND PAIN
Barbora Majdanová and Eva Urbanová
Department of Midwifery, JFM CU Martin
IDENTIFICATION OF NEGATIVE EXPERIENCE OF WOMEN REGARDING TO
CHILDBIRTH
Dominika Paráková and Lucia Mazúchová
Department of Midwifery, JFM CU Martin
SUPPORT PERSON DURING LABOR - THE EXPECTATIONS OF MOTHER
Anna Sedláčková and Eva Urbanová
Department of Midwifery, JFM CU Martin
CONTENT ANALYSIS OF OPINIONS RELATED TO VACCINATION IN
SLOVAK NEWS INTERNET DISCUSSION FORUMS
Katarína Jánošíková and Tibor Baška
Department of Public Health, JFM CU Martin
EFFICIENCY OF HAND WASHING - EVALUATION BASED ON DETECTION
OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION AMONG STUDENTS OF JLF UK
Martin Novák and Jana Kompaníková
Department of Public Health, JFM CU Martin
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, JFM CU Martin
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39
40
41
42
43
44
CONTENT ANALYSIS OF SLOVAK AND CZECH BLOGS PRESENTING
POSITIVE ATTITUDES TOWARDS EATING DISORDERS
Jana Straková and Tibor Baška
Department of Public Health, JFM CU Martin
45
Coffee break
„Aula B“
SECTION OF NURSING
(11.40 – 12.40)
MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION OF PAIN IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Mariana Džubáková and Žiaková Katarína
Department of Nursing, JFM CU Martin
ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER
Mária Hudáková and Radka Kurucová
Department of Nursing, JFM CU Martin
COMPLIANCE IN DIABETIC CHILD
Monika Manová and Mária Zanovitová
Department of Nursing, JFM CU Martin
NUTRITION OF PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA
Alžbeta Sliacka and Martina Tomagová
Department of Nursing, JFM CU Martin
HOSPITALIZATION OF A CHILD WITH PARENT
Lucia Šaradinová and Mária Zanovitová
Department of Nursing, JFM CU Martin
46
47
48
49
50
AWARDING AND CLOSING CEREMONY
(13.00)
NOVOMESKÉHO 7, AULA A
ABSTRACTS
All abstracts are available in English at www.jfmed.uniba.sk – ŠVOČ
13
PHENOTYPES OF THE TRPV1-POSITIVE AND TRPV1-NEGATIVE VAGAL AFFERENT NEURONS INNERVATING THE STOMACH
Kristián Varga, Eva Kováčová and Marián Kollárik
Department of Pathophysiology, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Objective: Gastric afferent nerves regulate the function and mediate perceptions from
the stomach. However, their embryonic origin has not been established. Afferent
neurons innervating visceral tissues originate from two sources: neural crest (spinal
DRG and vagal jugular) and placodes (vagal nodose) neurons. We hypothesized that
the vagal afferent neurons innervating the stomach originate from placodes.
Methods: Vagal afferent neurons innervating the stomach were retrogradely traced
by using DiI injection into the gastric corpus or fundus (n=17). Single cell RT-PCR
detection of phenotypical markers was performed in individual labeled neurons.
Results: The vagal afferent neurons labeled from the stomach were localised
exclusively in the nodose portion of the vagal afferent ganglion complex indicating
their placodal origin. We first focused on putative chemosensory neurons expressing
TRPV1 receptor. The neurons innervating the gastric fundus were more often
TRPV1-positive (80%, 16/20) compared with corpus (40%, 11/27) (p<0.01). TRPV1-
positive neurons expressed placodal markers including ATP receptor P2X2 (26/27)
and BDNF receptor TrkB (23/27), but rarely expressed neurocrestal markers, the
artemin receptor GFRa3 (2/27) and preprotachykinin-A PPT-A (2/27). TRPV1-
positive neurons also expressed the serotonine 5HT3A receptor (11/27) and
adenosine A1 receptor (13/27) indicative of chemosensitive function. The TRPV1-
negative neurons occasionally expressed placodes markers P2X2 (10/20) and TrkB
(5/20), but not neural crest markers GFRa3 (0/20), PPT-A (1/20). Consistent with
their putative mechanosensory function TRPV1-negative neurons did not expressed
5HT3A and adenosine A1 receptors. Conclusion: The vagal afferent neurons
innervating the stomach in the rat originate exclusively from embryonic placodes. The
chemosensitive (TRPV1-positive) innervation predominates in gastric fundus while
the corpus is similarly innervated by chemosensors and mechanosensors.
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ANIMAL MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS
Lucia Hanzelová, Monika Kornhauserová, Mariana Brozmanová and Marián Kollárik
Department of Pathophysiology, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a prevalent disorder characterized by eosinophil
infiltration of esophageal mucosa. EoE is an allergic inflammatory condition that is
different from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Many symptoms of EoE,
such as pain, dysphagia and nausea/vomiting can be attributed to impaired function
of esophageal nerves. The understanding of EoE would greatly benefit from a simple
model amenable to the study of changes in nerve function. AIM: To develop an
animal model of EoE suitable for the study of acute effect of eosinophilic
inflammation on esophageal afferent nerves. We hypothesized that localized
application of an allergen into the esophagus of allergic guinea pig will induce
eosinophilic inflammation in the esophageal mucosa and submucosa. METHODS:
We injected the antigen ovalbumin (OVA, 0.1%) into the surgically exposed cervical
esophagus in the OVA-sensitized guinea pigs. The esophageal tissue was harvested
2 days later and the inflammatory response was quantified in the thin (12µm)
transversal histological sections by counting the eosinophils visualized by Giemsa
staining. RESULTS: We found that the OVA injection into the cervical esophagus
evoked a massive eosinophil infiltration in the mucosa of adjacent middle portion of
the esophagus in 8 of 10 sensitized animals. The maximum eosinophil count was
121±22 per high power filed (hpf). This was significantly higher than the counts in
animals that received a vehicle injection or no injection (6±1 per hpf, n=9, p<0.01). In
the esophageal mucosa, the eosinophils were more often located in the subepithelial
layers (75%) than in the epithelium (25%, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The injection of
allergen into the esophagus of allergic guinea pigs mimics eosinophilic mucosal
infiltration found in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. This model should be
useful for the study of acute effects of eosinophilic inflammation on afferent nerves
innervating esophageal mucosa.
15
SENSITIZATION OF THE AIRWAYS BY HDM PARTICLES - NEW MODEL FOR COUGH STUDIES IN ANIMALS
Jana Knappová, Róbert Ružinák, Tomáš Buday and Jana Plevková
Department of Pathophysiology, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected];
Currently, the most widely used model to study cough in sensitised airways is a
guinea pig intraperitoneally sensitized by ovalbumin, main protein of chicken eggs.
There is nothing to object to guinea pigs, because neurophysiology and
neuropharmacology of their vagus nerve, which mediates cough reflex, is the closest
to humans. But the choice of model antigen is questionable – humans are not
generally allergic to chicken eggs; and if they are it is a case of food allergy, not
respiratory allergy. The choice of antigen together with the manner of sensitization
limits translation of acquired results to clinical conditions and there is need to develop
new model of airway hypersensitivity, which could improve translation of results.
Most important indoor allergen for people is house dust mite (HDM) - most common
species are D. pteronyssius and D. farinae. Allergenic potential of HDM includes
immunogenic epitopes, faecal pellets, lipopolysaccharides, beta-glucans and chitin.
10 guinea pigs (Dunkin-Hartley, males) were used to develop HDM model of airway
hypersensitivity, which were sensitized by 0,25% HDM (Greer Labs, USA) aerosol,
which they inhaled for 5 min over 5 days, followed by inhalation of 0,5% HDM in
same protocol as before. Sensitization was confirmed by skin prick test
(SPT;15uL;0,5%HDM applied intradermally). In animals with positive SPT the
symptoms of allergic rhinitis were induced by intranasal application of HDM
(0,5%;15uL) and the cough challenges with citric acid (0,1M;0,2M;0,4M) were
performed. Airway resistance was measured in vivo by Pennock’s method.
Based on preliminary data the cough response of HDM sensitized animals is similar
to cough response of OVA sensitized (control/HDM/OVA - 9/16/15 coughs/10 min);so
is the cough latency (180/86/80s). Specific airway resistance was increased but the
data did not reach significance level.
Supported by VEGA 1/00107/14 We would like to thank assoc.prof. Mokry from Dept. of Pharmacology for Saw measurements.
16
ANTITUSSIVE EFFECT OF H3 AND H4 RECEPTORS ANTAGONISTS IN THE UPPER AIRWAY COUGH SYNDROME ANIMAL MODEL
Barbora Korpallová, Martin Kuriš, Silvia Gavliaková and Jana Plevková
Department of Pathophysiology, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected];
[email protected]; [email protected] Upper airway cough syndrome is not a specific disease but a syndrome of chronic
cough caused by a variety of upper airway diseases (eg. allergic rhinitis (AR)). Also it
has been shown to be a cause of cough associated with common cold. AR is a result
of abnormal inflammation of the nasal mucosa (NM). Histamine plays a critical role in
the development of AR symptoms. All known histamine receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R,
H4R) have been demonstrated in the NM.
Research is focused on more recently identified H3R and H4R and their role in
pathophysiological conditions where histamine is known to be involved, but where
H1R antagonists have not been sufficiently effective. H3R are predominantly
expressed in the CNS. H4R are primarily expressed in bone marrow and eosinophils
- their relatively low CNS expression suggests a role in inflammatory and immune
responses. Both types of receptors are expressed on nasal glands, nerves and
vessels making them a promising target for control of nasal inflammation. Secondary
effects may lead to cough suppression.
The aim was to ascertain the role of H3 agonist imetit - known to suppress release of
substance P from afferent nerves in allergic nasal inflammation on cough induced in
an animal model. Ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs were pre-treated by
intraperitoneal administration of imetit dihydrobromide (selective H3R agonist 1 mg
IM1; 2mg/kg IM2 of body weight). AR symptoms were evaluated. The effect on cough
was assessed from the response to inhalation of citric acid (0.4M, 10 min) in double
chamber plethysmograph. Final cough count and cough latency were analysed from
the airflow traces, presence of cough motor pattern and the cough sound analysis.
Imetit in both doses reduces the symptoms of AR, however only the dose 2mg/kg
reduces significantly total cough count (9±2 vs 16±1 vs 12±1 vs 6±2, p<0.05 for IM2
dose vs OVA). Cough latency was not influenced (in order baseline vs OVA vs IM1
vs IM2 = 189± vs 66± vs 192± vs 160± sec).
17
THE LONG-TERM SUPPRESSION OF CRAC CHANNELS AND EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED ALLERGIC ASTHMA
Boris Dobroľubov, Martina Šutovská and Michaela Kocmálová
Department of Pharmacology, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Recently, Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels identified in immune and
airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells are known to control Ca2+ influx important for
almost cellular functions involved in pathogenesis of allergic diseases, e.g. asthma.
Furthermore, therapeutic potency of CRAC blocker was evidenced previously using
experimental animal asthma model. Presented work analyzed in details anti-
inflammatory effect of long-term administered CRAC blocker.
Allergic inflammation of the airways, induced by repetitive exposure of guinea pigs to
ovalbumine and was followed by 14 days lasted administration of CRAC channels
blocker (3-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid, FPCA). For comparative purposes
budesonide and saline were applied to control groups. The influence of long-term
therapy on cytokine levels (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and TNF-α) in serum and in
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), was analyzed by ELISA using apparatus Bio-
Plex® 200 System (BIO-RAD, USA). Immunohistochemical staining was focused on
semiquantitative assessment and localization of c-Fos positivity in pulmonary
samples.
Statistically significant decreases of cytokine levels (serum - IL-4: p<0.01, IL-13:
p<0.05, TNF-α: p<0.001; BALF - IL-4: p<0.001, IL-5: p<0.01, IL-13: p<0.001, TNF-α:
p<0.01) and c-Fos positivity (p=0.05) confirmed anti-inflammatory effect of long-term
administered FPCA in comparison with saline control group. Cytokine levels in BALF
and distribution of c-Fos positivity suggested that FPCA was more potent inhibitor of
respiratory epithelium secretory functions than budesonide (epithelial c-Fos positivity:
p=0.007 FPCA vs budesonide).
All these findings evidenced CRAC channels as the rational target as well as
therapeutic potency of CRAC blocker in the treatment of respiratory diseases
causally associated with allergic inflammation of airways.
18
COMBINATION OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUND WITH BUDESONIDE AND EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ALLERGIC ASTHMA
Anna Bobčáková, Soňa Fraňová and Ivana Kazimierová
Department of Pharmacology, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected];
Our experimental work was aimed at the influence of red-wine polyphenolic
compounds (Provinol®) on defence airways reflexes (cough, bronchoconstriction,
mucociliary clearance) and on inflammation during experimentally induced allergic
asthma. We studied the effects of Provinol, and its combinations with budesonide.
We utilized the model of guinea pig airways hyperreactivity induced by 21 days
ovalbumin administration. During sensitisation the experimental animals were treated
with Provinol (20 mg/kg/day p.o.), budesonide (1 mM by inhalation) or with half-dose
combinations of them. The airways smooth muscle reactivity in vivo was evaluated by
actual values of specific airways resistance (sRaw) to nebulized histamine (10-6
mol.l-1); The cough reflex, induced by citric acid aerosol (10-3 mol.l-1), was
measured by in vivo method in double chambere body-plethysmograph; The changes
in ciliary movement frequency (Hz) were studied by in vitro brushing method.
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 (using
ELISA method) were utilized as parameters of anti-inflammatory effect of Provinol.
Our results showed that administration of Provinol caused a significant decrease of
sRaw after histamine nebulisation, led to a significant decrease of parameters of
chemically induced cough reflex and decreased IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels. Provinol
adjusted ciliary movement frequency on physiological values. Its bronchodilatory,
antitussive and anti-inflammatory effects were comparable to budesonide.
Furthermore, the half-dose combinations exceeded above-mentioned effects of
substances used as monotherapy.
We can conclude that the polyphenolic compound Provinol posseses efficient
antiasthmatic activity and its half-dose combination with budesonide has synergic
effect.
This work was supported by Centre of Experimental and Clinical Respirology II. ‘‘Project co-financed from EU sources’’ and by Grant APVV-0305-12, 2012/35-UKMA-12.
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INFLUENCE OF ROFLUMILAST IN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF ALLERGIC INFLAMMATION BASED ON WAY OF ADMINISTRATION
Marek Pršo, Alexandra Eichlerová, Ivana Medveďová and Juraj Mokrý
Department of Pharmacology, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected];
[email protected]; [email protected] Introduction: Bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
are usually treated with bronchodilating and anti-inflammatory drugs. Inhibition of
phosphodiesterases (PDE) eads to both of these effects and influences apoptosis of
immune cells. In COPD, roflumilast, selective PDE4 inhibitor, has been recently
approved for the pharmacotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect
of long-term administration of roflumilast in experimentally induced allergic
inflammation in guinea pigs using different ways of administration.
Material and methods: Male adult guinea pigs have been used in the study. Control
group has been left without sensitization. The latter 4 groups have been sensitized
with ovalbumin for 14 days and thereafter treated perorally, inhalatory and
intraperitonealy for 7 days with roflumilast or with vehiculum, respectively.
Results: Roflumilast has significantly reduced specific airway resistance after
nebulisation of histamine measured in double chamber whole body plethysmograph
only after peroral administration. These changes have been confirmed in in vitro
conditions using organ bath method with significant decrease of tracheal and lungs
smooth muscle contractility after cumulative doses of histamine. However, significant
suppression was observed only after inhalational (lungs) and intraperitoneal
administration (trachea). The suppression of haematological and several
immunological markers of inflammation and apoptosis in animals treated with
roflumilast have been observed, suggesting beneficial effects of roflumilast in this
model of allergic inflammation.
Conclusions: Our experimental data suggest the potential of roflumilast
administration to improve lung functions and to exert anti-inflammatory,
bronchodilatating and pro-apoptotic effects in ovalbumin-induced airway
hyperresponsivenes, predominantly after intraperitoneal and inhalational
administration.
20
MEASURABLE OUTCOMES OF SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY BASED TEACHING TECHNIQUE IN PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY
Lea Kováčiková, Jana Plevková, Ferdinand Varga and Eva Kvaltínyová
Simulation educational center, JFM CU Martin
Department of Pathophysiology, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Simulation based teaching methods in medicine gained substantial interest and
importance in recent years. They are complementary to often limited clinical and
experimental practice, as well as they help to interconnect theoretical knowledge and
practical training. Medical simulations are implicated in Internal medicine, Pediatrics,
Emergency, Obstetrics etc. Based on the recent understanding, simulation
technology can be used also in preclinical subjects, where it can support theoretical
background of presented tasks. We aimed our study to obtain measureable
outcomes of simulation supported elective seminars in pathophysiology courses.
Volunteers (n=22) were recruited from the students of the 3rd year of general
medicine (simulation group) and were matched to classmates with traditional
seminars (control group) (n=22) with the same achieved grades in winter semester in
pathophysiology courses. All subjects have completed traditional seminars, and on
top of this, simulation group had completed four extra seminars - arrhythmias, valve
disorders, heart failure and lower extremity vascular diseases supported by
demonstrations using simulation technology. Standardized student feedback survey,
VAS and regular pathophysiology credit test data were used to perform analysis.
Results: All 22 subjects completed seminars, returned questionnaires and took the
first credit test from pathophysiology. The data showed that while subjective feedback
suggested positive outcomes in approximately 80% of recruited students, objective
assessment showed that this type of interactive seminars did not increase their
theoretical knowledge as documented by the 1st credit test from pathophysiology
(simulation vs control 42±6 vs 41±4, p>0.05 N.S.), but rather their approach to clinical
application of obtained information and motivation to study.
Conclusion: The data showed that simulation technology supported seminars could
have better application to clinical than theoretical disciplines.
21
INTERACTIVE 3D ATLAS OF HUMAN BONES – SKELETOPEDIA
Tomáš Havran, Michal Slabej and Peter Šulík
Department of Anatomy, FM CU Bratislava Faculty of applied informatics, physics and mathematics, CU Bratislava
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Interactive 3D atlas of human bones as an web page makes study material more
accessible for every student. Students who are from more distant cities have chance
to study human bones from the comfort of their home over the Internet.
Materials and methods: Human bones were superficially scanned with devices 7-axis
arm Romer and Steinbichler Comet L3D 2M 2megapixel sensor. Models, results of
scanning, were later on edited in InnovMetric Polyworks and Blender 2.65.
Modifications had to be done to maximize quality of scans and compatibility with
browsers. As to create model of the skull we used Dental CT i-CAT scanner.
Application is adjusted so as to work on any device which has up-to-date internet
browser that support WebGL technology or at least HTML5 language such as Google
Chrome or Mozilla Firefox. As for technical development HTML5, Javascript, PHP
and MySQL were used. Also frameworks Bootsrap, jQuerry and Three.js were used.
Results: Fully functional web page with 3D models of human bones. Major pluses are
easy manipulation with 3D objects, automatized searching engine in the upper right
corner and most of all interactive annotations of bone structures. Skeletopedia is the
only one and unique project, first one of such kind in Slovakia. Databases free to use
usually do not contain as many models or they are of lower quality. Better ones are
paid. The 3D model of bone can be shifted, rotated, zoomed in and out and view in
full screen mode. The significant feature is interactive annotations of structures. If we
meet some structure with mouse cursor pop-up will appear with name of the structure
and additional information. The feature enables quick and precise identification of
bone structures. In search of a certain structure it is possible to use list in the lower
left corner of the screen and after clicking on it the structure will be marked on the 3D
model of a bone.
22
COUGH REFLEX DURING REDUCED VAGAL COUGH AFFERENT DRIVE IN CATS
Lucia Babálová, Marcel Veterník and Ivan Poliaček
Institute of Medical Biophysics, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Tracheobronchial coughing during unilateral cooling of the vagus nerve (<6°C,
blocking mainly myelinated fibers) and after unilateral vagotomy was studied on 18
pentobarbitone-anesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats (3.29±0.18 kg). Cough
reflex was induced by mechanical stimulation in the tracheobronchial region. EMGs
of the diaphragm and the abdominal muscles, together with blood and esophageal
pressures were recorded. The number of coughs (related to 10s stimulus) during the
vagal cooling was 3.1±1.0 vs. control (trials before and after the cooling period)
10.5±2.5 (p<0.001). Inspiratory cough efforts were reduced by approximately 1/3
(p<0.01) and expiratory ones by more than 80% (p<0.001). Inhibition of the coughing
by cold block shows no uniform effect. There was no difference between cooling
effects of left vs. right vagus, however, the number of coughs and their expiratory
strength significantly differed between substantial vs. limited reductions. Temporal
analysis showed prolonged inspiratory, expiratory phase, the total cycle duration, its
active portion, and the distance between maxima of the diaphragm and the
abdominal activity during cough.
No differences in heart rates and mean arterial blood pressures were seen, however,
cold block of vagal conduction reduced respiratory rate. Control cooling of the
sympathetic trunk had no effect on studied parameters. Unilateral vagotomy
produced simillar effects to those during unilateral vagal cooling. However, due to
variability of effects in individual animals only cough number and cough-related
diaphragmatic activity were significantly reduced.
Based on the typical dominance of one vagus nerve and pronounced cough
reductions after unilateral elimination of the vagal afferentation we suggest a complex
central processing of the afferent signal in order to induce cough response. Reduced
cough afferent drive results in modulation of cough central pattern generator and in
noticeable prolongation of cough timing.
Supported by: VEGA 1/0126/12 and APVV-0189-11
23
EFFECT OF METHANOL AND ITS METABOLITES ON HUMAN NEURAL CELLS
Oliver Causov, Silvia Mahmood, Henrieta Škovierová and Radovan Murín
Department of Medical Biochemistry, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
The initial symptoms of methanol intoxication include central nervous depression and
development of several neurological symptoms including blurring or complete loss of
vision. However, the data about the neurochemical basis of methanol toxicity are
scarce. Therefore, we investigated the effect of methanol and its metabolites –
formaldehyde and formate – on survival of human glial and neuronal cells. In
addition, the ability of human glial cells to metabolize methanol was evaluated as well
as the effect of methanol on energy metabolism.
Human glioblastoma (T98G) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell lines were used as
study models. Cells were incubated in rich culture media supplemented with
methanol, formaldehyde or formate (M, F, FA) for 72 hours. The survival of cells was
evaluated microscopically and by biochemical methods. The energy metabolism of
cells was established by enzymatic methods measuring the lactate released in
anaerobic glycolysis. Our results indicate that energy metabolism of cultured human
neural cells is affected by methanol and its metabolites to a different extent, that may
be associated with initiation of early neurological symptoms. Furthermore,
formaldehyde appeared to be an extremely potent neurotoxic agent in contrast to
methanol and formate. Therefore, we may conclude that the generation of
formaldehyde may be required to exert neurodegenerative effect during methanol
intoxication.
This work was supported by the projects VEGA 1/0242/13; „Identification of novel markers in diagnostic panel of neurological diseases“, code: 26220220114, and “Competence centre for research and development in diagnosis and therapy“ code: 26220220153 and „The increasing of opportunities for career growth in research and development in the medical sciences“, code ITMS: 26110230067 co-financed from EU sources and European Regional Development Fund.
24
MODULATION OF COUGH AND BREATHING BY GABA-ERGIC INHIBITION WITHIN THE MEDULLARY RAPHE IN CATS
Boris Dobroľubov, Ivan Poliaček and Marcel Veterník
Institute of Medical Biophysics, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Effects of GABA microinjections (1 mM in artificial cerebrospinal fluid) in the
medullary raphe (2 injections at each of 3 depths: 1.1, 2.2, and 3.3 mm below the
dorsal medullary surface; 206±15 nl per all 6 microinjections) on cough and breathing
were studied on 14 pentobarbitone anesthetized spontaneously breathing cats.
Microinjections were placed at four rostro-caudal positions: 1 mm caudal (n=5), 1 mm
(n=7), 2.5 mm (n=5), and 4 mm (n=7) rostral to the obex. Cough was induced
mechanically by a soft catheter in the tracheobronchial area. Blood pressure,
esophageal pressure (EP) and EMGs of the diaphragm (DIA) and the abdominal
muscles (ABD) were recorded. EMGs and EP were normalized to their mean
amplitudes during control pre-microinjection coughs. ANOVA and paired t-test were
employed in statistical analysis.
GABA microinjections 4 mm rostral to the obex reduced the number of coughs
related to 10s stimulation from 4.48±0.30 to 3.17±0.24 (p<0.01; 4.20±0.45 in
recovery 7-60 min after microinjections, p<0.01 vs. post-microinjection value) and
amplitudes of cough ABD EMG to 50±10% (p<0.05; recovery 85±24%) and of cough
expiratory EP to 61±9% (p<0.01; recovery 83±9%, p<0.05). Microinjections of GABA
1 mm rostral to the obex also reduced amplitudes of ABD EMG to 49±9% (p<0.001;
recovery 82±9%, p<0.01 vs. post-microinjection value) and of expiratory EP to
64±11% (p<0.05; recovery 102±13%, p<0.01) during cough. Temporal analysis of
coughing showed a prolongation of the cough DIA activity (by 23%; p<0.05) and the
cough inspiratory phase (by 22%; p<0.05) due to GABA microinjections 4 mm rostral
to the obex. No significant changes of heart and respiratory rate and mean blood
plesure were found.
Active GABA-related inhibition in medullary raphe significantly contributes to
generation (and inhibition) of the cough reflex, unlike to the breathing, however, with
markedly different efficiency and diversity of effects at the different rostro-caudal
raphe positions.
Supported by: VEGA 1/0126/12 and APVV-0189-11
25
AUTONOMIC REACTIVITY IN RESPONSE TO ACUTE EMOTIONAL STRESS
Danica Pollakova, Michal Mestanik and Ingrid Tonhajzerova
Department of Physiology, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] It is assumed that negative emotional stress (NES) as an important real-life stressor
is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular complications. However, the question
related to „brain-heart-emotion“ interaction is still unclear. We addressed the
hypothesis that autonomic balance could be influenced by emotional stress, and this
response might reflect a subjective emotional processing.
Methods: Twenty subjects (age: 22.7±0.1 yr.) were examined. Continuous ECG
signal and electrodermal activity (EDA in uS) were recorded in phases: rest (RF1) -
NES – rest (RF2). Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed using linear parameters
- RR interval, pNN50, high frequency band (HF-HRV), and nonlinear symbolic
dynamics indices - 0V% and 2LV%. Depressive mood score was assessed using
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The probands were divided into two groups -
Group 1 with mild mood disturbance (score 14.3 ± 4.3) and Group 2 with normal
mood (score 0.6±0.5).
Results: The pNN50 and HF-HRV were significantly lower, and EDA significantly
higher during NES compared to RF1 (p<0.05). Group 1 showed reduced vagal
parameters 2LV% and HF-HRV, and higher cardiosympathetic index 0V% during
NES compared to Group 2 (p<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed significant positive
relation between BDI score and resting 0V% (r= 0.521, p=0.022).
Conclusions: Our results revealed that NES evoked parasympathetic withdrawal
associated with sympathetic activation. Importantly, the autonomic reactivity was
significantly influenced by subjective emotional processing: mild mood disturbance
was associated with greater sympathetic activation and reduced cardiovagal activity
in response to emotional stress. These findings could represent an important bridge
in „brain-heart-emotion“ understanding.
Support: VEGA 1/0087/14, CEPV I 26220120016 and APVV-0235-12.
26
ASSOCIATION OF BSMI GENE POLYMORPHISM OF VDR GENE WITH
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Dubovan Peter1, Čierny Daniel1, Michalik Jozef2, Kurča Egon2 and Lehotský
Ján1
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, JFM CU Martin 2Department of Neurology, University hospital in Martin and JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected];
[email protected]; [email protected] Background: Dihydroxycholekalciferol (calcitriol), active form of vitamin D is a product
of the long metabolic pathway. One of its physiological functions is the modulation of
immune system response. It is known that by these effects, deficiency of vitamin D is
the risk factor which can be involved in the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS). Vitamin
D exerts its biological functions after binding to specific nuclear vitamin D receptor
(VDR). The aim of our study was to uncover potential role of the BsmI gene
polymorphism in VDR gene in MS susceptibility.
Materials and methods: In our study 262 Slovak patients with MS and 248 healthy
controls were genotyped. DNA samples were isolated from peripheral white blood
cells. DNA was amplified by PCR and BsmI restriction enzyme was used to identify
BsmI genotypes.
Results: We found 59,2 % incidence of susceptible allele b in MS patients compared
to 58,2% in healthy controls. Genotypic frequencies represent more interesting
results. The frequency of dominant homozygotes BB was 24 % in controls compared
to 15,6 % in MS patients. These results show significantly lower frequency of
dominant homozygote BB in MS patients compared to controls (p = 0,015).
Conclusion: In our study, we did not observe any significant differences among allele
frequencies, but the genotypic frequencies show significance between the groups of
MS patients compared to controls. Dominant homozygous genotype BB was less
prevalent among MS patients, which suggest for its potential protective role against
MS development.
This work was supported by the grant 2012/30-UKMA-7 Biological and molecular markers of MS and ITMS: 26220220114 Identification of novel markers in diagnostic panel of neurological diseases.
27
INDUCED HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA AND IT`S POSSIBLE EFFECT TO
NEURODEGENERATIVE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES UNFOLDING IN
EXPERIMENTAL MODEL
Oliver Koprda and Mária Kovalská
Department of Histology and Embryology, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative
disorder that results in dementia and death. A high level of circulating plasma
homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for stroke. AD commonly co-occurs
with stroke. Recent studies showed hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) to be a strong risk
factor for dementia and AD. The molecular mechanisms underlying these
mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of
ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in combination with hHcy on neurodegeneration in
rat brains. We have studied neurodegeneration as well as post-translation changes in
MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways after global IRI in rat
hippocampus in association with hHcy and possible unfolding of AD. Global forebrain
ischemia was induced by 4-vessels occlusion. In the concrete, 15 min of ischemia
followed with reperfusion period of 72h and 7 days. hHcy was induced by methionin
diet (0.2g/kg) in duration of 30 days. We demonstrated occurrence of degeneration of
selectively vulnerable neurons after induced IR as well as after hHcy. Western blot
study and imunohistochemical analysis suggested that IRI and also hHcy down-
regulates the p-ERK protein, which is associated with survival of neural cells. These
findings suggest that IRI after induced hHcy could have a neurodegenerative role on
global brain ischemia in rats. Our results also indicate that this model of combined
insults could lead to progression of AD-like pathological features.
Supported by VEGA 213/12, 1/0050/11 and by project:" IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL MARKER IN DIAGNOSTIC PANEL OF NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES" co-financed from EU sources and European Regional Development Fund.
28
ENDOTHELIUM, ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY
Gabriela Fleischerova and Michal Javorka
Department of Physiology, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]
Endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness and sympathetic overactivity are
negative prognostic markers with several proposed interconnections. However, the
data on simultaneous assessment of sympathetic activity, endothelial function and
arterial stiffness are still lacking. The aim of this study was to find correlations among
these measures in healthy adolescents.
We recorded spontaneous RR interval (ECG device CardioFax 9620M, Nihon
Kohden, Japan) and beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Finometer Pro,
FMS, Netherlands) oscillations in 34 healthy volunteers (24 f / 10 m, age 17.2 (mean)
± 2.3 (SD) years, BMI = 22.45 ± 4.53 kg m-2) in supine position (15 min) followed by
45° head-up tilt (8 min). From these recordings, sympathetic activity related indices
0V%-RR from RR intervals time series and spectral power in low frequency band
from SBP time series (LF-SBP) were calculated. As a next step, we measured
arterial stiffness (cardio-ankle vascular index – CAVI) and endothelial function index
RHI (reactive hyperemia index) using noninvasive devices VaSera VS-1000 (Fukuda
Denshi, Japan) and EndoPAT 2000 (Itamar Medical, Israel), respectively.
The arterial stiffness (expressed by CAVI indices assessed separately on right and
left side) was significantly positively correlated to sympathetic activity (LF-SBP)
measured during tilt (r = 0.458 – 0.521, P = 0.002 – 0.007) while there was only
tendency towards this correlation when LF-SBP was measured in supine position (r =
0.250 – 0.284; P > 0.05). In addition, sympathetic reactivity to tilt was positively
correlated to arterial stiffness (r = 0.450; P = 0.020). No correlation between
endothelial function and sympathetic indices was found.
We conclude that sympathetic nervous system and its reactivity are related to arterial
stiffness but not to endothelial function in healthy adolescents.
Research supported by grants VEGA no.1/0059/13, 1/0087/14, APVV- 0235-12 and project CEPV no. 26220120016.
29
EFFECT OF ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION ON ROS PRODUCTION IN RAT
HEART
Ján Sýkora, Stanislav Kuka and Peter Kaplán
Department of Medical Biochemistry, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
The aim of our study was to assess the effect of ischemia and ischemia followed by
reperfusion on the production of oxidizing agents – reactive oxygen species and
reactive nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) in the samples of rat heart. We used
homogenised tissue of myocardium of adult (6 months), old (15 months) and
senescent (24 months) rats – male Wistar. Time changes in ROS and RNS
production were observed by means of fluorescent probe 2',7'-
dichlorodihydrofluorescin -diacetate (DCFH2- DA) which yield high fluorescent
dichlorofluorescein after deacetylation and non-selective oxidation by present
oxidants. Increase of fluorescence in the samples with substrates (pyruvate and
malate) was observed by fluorescence spectrometer.
We observed that in the groups of adult and old rats, there were no significant
changes among compared groups (control vs. ischemic (I) vs. ischemic-reperfusion
group (IR)). However, in the group of 24 month old rats we observed significant
changes: 11,5% decrease of ROS and RNS production in ischemic group in
comparison to control and increase of oxidants production in ischemic-reperfusion
group by 16,7% in comparison to ischemic group. Non significant increase (3,2%)
was observed in IR group in comparison to control.
It is known, that increased oxidant production occurs during ischemia and
reperfusion. However, our results do not reflect current state of ROS and RNS
production , but permanent changes after the preparation of homogenised tissue.
Our results do not confirm any increase of ROS and RNS production in these
samples.
30
YOUNG BARLEY IN THE CHEMOPREVENTION OF EXPERIMENTAL MAMMARY
CARCINOGENESIS
Eva Jakubovičová, Juraj Fuzia, Peter Kubatka and Martin Péč
Department of Medical Biology, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Actual results of preclinical research have shown that phytochemicals exhibit
antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiangiogenetic, and antimetastatic effects, which play
a key role in carcinogenesis. This study is the first report on the effects of young
barley in experimental mammary carcinogenesis in vivo.
In this experiment, the oncostatic effects of young barley in the chemoprevention of
N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats were
evaluated. Barley powder was dietary administered at two concentrations of 0.3 %
and 3 %. The experiment was terminated 14 weeks after carcinogen administration;
mammary tumors were removed and prepared for histomorphological and
immunohistochemical analysis.
Basic parameters of experimental carcinogenesis, chosen metabolic variables and
side effects after long-term barley treatment in animals were assessed. Barley at
lower dose suppressed tumor frequency by 37 % (P=0.20) and average tumor
volume by 38 % (P=0.31) in comparison with the controls. Higher dose of barley was
not effective in this study. A histopathological analysis of mammary tumors has not
revealed a shift in the rate of poorly differentiated and well differentiated carcinomas
after barley treatment. The effects of barley on selected parameters of apoptosis,
proliferation, and angiogenesis in mammary tumor cells were determined.
Phytopharmacum in higher dose significantly decreased serum LDL-cholesterol. In
parallel in vitro study, barley significantly decreased survival of MCF-7 cells in MTT
assay by dose-dependent manner.
Our results suggest a mild tumor-preventive effects of young barley in rat mammary
carcinogenesis.
This work was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic under contract no. VEGA 1/0071/13 and VEGA 1/0043/12.
31
INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS OF INDUCTION THERAPY IN ACUTE MYELOID
LEUKAEMIA PATIENTS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Martin Čerňan and Tomáš Szotkowski
Department of Haemato-Oncology, University Hospital in Olomouc and Faculty of
Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic [email protected]; [email protected]
Introduction: The infections are frequent complications in patients undergoing the
induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).
Objectives: The main aim of the study was to describe complexly the infectious
complications of induction therapy.
Patients and Methods: The study was a retrospective analysis of case reports of
patients undergoing therapy at the Department of Haemato-Oncology, University
Hospital in Olomouc during years 2007-2011. The study group consisted of 100
patients (50 men and 50 women), aged from 21 to 73 years (median age 54 years).
Results: Clinically or microbiologically documented infectious complications were
described in 48 patients and febrile neutropenia in 45 patients. No infections were
registered in 7 patients undergoing therapy. Infectious complications led to death in 3
patients.
Bacterial infections were the most common, sepsis was diagnosed in 32 patients,
inflammatory lung infiltrate in 24 patients and other 22 patients had clinically
documented infectious nidus. Two patients suffered from enteritis with the proved
toxin of Clostridium difficile.
Fungal infections were described in 42 patients (35 patients with invasive fungal
infection and 7 patients with superficial fungal infection). Viral and parasitic infections
were less frequent than other infectious complications. Eight patients suffered from
‘herpes labialis’, but neither more viral nor parasitic infections were registered. The
antimicrobial therapy with therapeutic/ prophylactic aim was used in 99 patients.
Conclusion: Infections belong to the most frequent complications of therapy in
haemato-oncology. The results showed that 93% of patients underwent infectious
complications during induction therapy for AML. Despite of this fact, only 3 patients
died from infections. Well-considered using of available antimicrobial drugs, research
of new ones and techniques are the most important steps in increasing the effect of
support therapy during induction for AML.
32
EFFICACY OF DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE
STEMI
Tomáš Bolek, Matej Samoš, Lukáš Duraj and Marián Mokáň
Department of Internal Medicine I, JFM CU Martin
Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Introduction: Dual antiplatelet therapy(DAT) significantly improves clinical outcome in
acute ST elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) patients. Wide variability in
response to this therapy may lead to risk of thrombotic events. High platelet reactivity
may be identified with laboratory testing. The aim of this study was to assess the
efficacy of DAT and to verify whether monitoring of DAT improves the management
of these patients.
Patients and methods: Pilot prospective study in patients with acute STEMI
undergoing urgent coronography. Study group consisted of 53 patients (33 men, 20
women). Patients were treated with aspirin loading dose and ADP receptor
antagonist loading dose: 35 patients had received clopidogrel (600 mg) and 18
patients had received prasugrel(60 mg). Light transmission aggregometry(LTA) with
specific inducers and VASP assessment were used for antiplatelet efficacy testing.
Samples were taken prior to coronarography(sample1), next day after
procedure(sample2) and 1 month after loading dose administration(sample3).
Results: In clopidogrel group ineffective response was seen in 18 patients (sample1),
7 patients (sample2) and 2 patients (sample3) respectively. In prasugrel group
ineffective response was seen in 5 patients-sample1 and 1 patient-sample2. Patients
treated with prasugrel had significantly better response in all examinations
(sample1:40.9±18.1 versus 54.0±18.4%, p<0.05;sample2:21.9±14,8 versus
39.4±25.5%, p<0.01;sample3:16.7±6,1 versus 31.7±17.1, p<0.05). VASP was more
sensitive for ADP receptor antagonist efficacy assessment than LTA.
Conclusion: DAT given in recommended doses is not always sufficiently efficient.
Prasugrel therapy in patients with STEMI seems to be more effective than
clopidogrel, however insufficient antiplatelet response after prasugrel may be also
seen. Monitoring of DAT may identify patients with poor antiplatelet response and
therefore routine monitoring of DAT in selected patients deserves consideration.
33
NOVEL INSIGHT INTO THE MECHANISMS OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX
Halickova M, Androvic J, Halicka J, Banovcin P, Tatar M and Kollarik M.
Department of Pathophysiology, JFM CU Martin
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected] Background: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) occurs during brief openings of lower
esophageal sphincter called transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations
(TLESRs). In patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) the regulation
of TLESRs is impaired leading to excessive acid reflux. Surprisingly, the mechanisms
underlying TLESR dysregulation have not been elucidated. We developed a
hypothesis that acid in the esophagus enhances TLESRs. If acid refluxed into the
esophagus can enhance TLESRs then such positive feedback regulation may
perpetuate GER.
Methods: Healthy subjects (N=11) aged 23-27 years were studied. Each subject was
studied at two occasions (randomized acid or control infusion) separated by at least 7
days. A high resolution esophageal manometric catheter for TLESR detection with
attached tube for infusions was inserted into the esophagus. The subject consumed
a standardized meal (2 chicken sandwiches, 740kCal) to induce TLESRs. Following
the meal, acid (0.15 M HCl) or water (control) was infused into the esophagus
(8ml/min, 20 min). Data were analyzed by using non-parametric statistics.
Results: The acid in the esophagus enhanced the meal-induced TLESRs. Compared
to control infusion the number of TLESRs (median [interquartile range]) was
increased during 2h following the acid infusion (10 [9.5-12.5] v.s. 16 [13-21], p<0.01).
The time course analysis revealed that this enhancement required up to 20 min to
fully develop and that the most robust increase in TLESRs occurred in the first hour
when the number of TLESRs nearly doubled (6 [5-8] v.s. 11 [7.5-13.6], p<0.01). The
average duration of individual TLESRs was not affected.
Conclusions: The acid in the esophagus can increase TLESRs even in healthy
subjects. Our results provide first evidence for the concept that refluxed acid can
influence TLESR and generate positive feedback regulation. The enhancement of
TLESR by acid in the esophagus may contribute to pathogenesis of GERD.
Supported by: CEVYPET, 2012/33-UKMA-10 a VEGA 1/0306/12.
34
EFFECT OF ANTHOCYANINS IN FOOD ON THE RATS BEHAVIOR
Marika Papinčáková, Katarína Janšáková, Ľubomíra Tóthová and
Július Hodosy
Institute of molecular biomedicine FM CU, Bratislava
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Introduction: Anthocyanins are organic dyes. They are responsible for the color of
flowers and fruits. They also exert strong antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress,
plays a role in pathophysiology of many diseases. There are studies that show
anxiolytic effect of anthocyanins and increased exploratory behavior under the
influence. Therefore, the aim of our study was to monitor changes in anxiety and
exploratory behavior in rats after 8-week consumption of a diet enriched with
anthocyanins.
Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups by random selection. The
first group was consuming a diet enriched with anthocyanins (n=10) and the second
one was the control group (n=10). Animals had ad libitum access to food and water
for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the rats were tested in automated tracking home cage,
Phenotyper, for 23 hours. The spotlight was turned on for 6 hours. The base floor of
the phenotyper was divided into shelter and opened zone. In this study, moved
distance and average velocity for general locomotor activity were analyzed.
Additionally, the time spent in the shelter and the opened zones, especially the
spotlight zone, for evaluation of the anxiety level were measured.
Results: Behavioral analysis revealed no significant differences between the
analyzed groups in average speed and overall distance moved. Interestingly,
although no difference in overall time spent in the opened zones between the groups,
the rats eating anthocyanin-rich food spent significantly less time in the spotlight zone
in comparison to the CTRL group (t=2.16, p<0.05).
Conclusion: Anthocyanins enriched food did´nt have any effect on general locomotor
activity, but it induced anxiety-like behavior.
35
PERSONALIZED THERAPY AND COMPLICATIONS OF CROHN’S DISEASE
Radoslav Hanzel and Dušan Mištuna
Department of Surgery, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected] The work in a retrospective analysis deals with summarization of Crohn’s disease
complications in patients hospitalized at Department of Surgery since 2005 – 2013.In
the first part, we monitored sample of patients with Crohn’s disease diagnosis. Whole
sample included 16 patients, 10 men (62,5%) with average age about 36,4 years and
6 women (37,5%) with average age about 39,83 years.
Second part is focused on localization and complications of Crohn’s disease at
gastrointestinal tract of hospitalized and surgically treated patients. In the sample of
hospitalized patients dominated an incidence of Crohn’s disease at ileocecal area
(37,5%), on the second place there was an incidence of this disease at oral part of
ileum, ileum, terminal ileum, and colon (18,75% each). Also in the sample of
surgically treated patients dominated Crohn’s disease in ileocecal area (27,3%) and
on the second place at oral part of ileum, ileum, terminal ileum and colon (18,18%
each). In our sample the biggest occurrence without complications was represented
by 18,75%, then there were stenosis of oral part of ileum, and stenosis of terminal
ileum and entero – enteral fistulas (both in 12,5%).
In the third part, we monitored the need for a surgical treatment and types of surgical
procedures. Surgical treatment demanded 11 patients (68,75%) and conservative
treatment demanded 5 patients (31,5%). The most frequent type of surgical
procedure was right hemicolectomy (27,27%).
The fourth part of this work is focused on monitoring of activated partial tromboplastin
time (APTT) and prothrombin time in hospitalized patients’ serum.
In the last section, we observed the pharmacological therapy of hospitalized patients.
Majority of therapy was set on Mesalazine – PENTASA (93,75%) as bowel anti-
inflammatory drug and Prednison (31,25%), Azathioprine – IMURAN (31,25%) both
as parts of the immunosuppressive therapy.
36
NON-MOTOR SYMPTOMS OF PARKINSON´S DISEASE AND THEIR RELATION
TO THE DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION
Karolína Kapitánová and Štefan Sivák
Clinic of Neurology FNM and JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]
Introduction: Parkinson´s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease
with typical motor symptoms. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic
nucleus (STN) is effective treatment for motor symptoms. Nonmotor symptoms
(NMSs) may also profoundly affect the quality of life in PD patients.
Material and methods: Specifically selected complex of questionnaires was
administered to PD patients before and after bilateral DBS of STN. We analyzed and
compared results to identify changes in NMSs of PD.
Results: Three PD male patients have been included in our study so far. In pre-
surgical questionnaires we revealed wide spectrum of NMSs with various intensity in
all cases. After the surgery the most significant improvement was found in the overall
quality of sleep, urgent and night urination, excessive sweating, subjective quality of
life and in some of the depressive symptoms. On the other hand aggravation of
concentration, mood instability, erectile dysfunction and frequent urination was
observed. We also reported weight gain, in one case excessive.
Conclusion: DBS is an important and successful method of PD treatement having
significant effect not only on the motor symptoms of the disease. It is not clear yet,
which of the NMSs showed differencies as a direct impact of the stimulation and
which symptoms were subjectively modified by patients in relation to another positive
changes caused by DBS. The major limitation of this study was the sample size.
Further study on bigger cohort is needed.
37
AGE ESTIMATION USING THE FEMUR
Mária Marcinková and František Štuller
Institute of Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal Expertise, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]
In forensic anthropology as a part of forensic medicine skeletal remains for age
estimation are frequently valuated. The most ideal for age estimation is valuation of
whole complex of skeletal bones, yet when skull is missing, finding other proper bone
is needed.
Methodics by Szilvássy and Kritscher is used for age estimation worldwide. In this
study, architectonics of vertically cut profile of upper ending of femur is valuated.
In consideration of resolve to put this methodics in practice in laboratory of forensic
anthropology in Institute of Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal Expertises in Martin,
this study was made to ascertain relevance of this methodics.
The fundamental part of the work is evaluation of femur profiles of donors of several
age groups by student without access to this information. After this process her
percentage was rated.
Based of results of our work, this methodics will be introduced to forensic –
anthropologic practice of laboratory in Institute of Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal
Expertises in Martin.
38
MIDWIFERY FROM THE PUBLIC´S POINT OF VIEW
Laura Dobšovičová, Terézia Kokavcová and Eva Urbanová
Department of Midwifery, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]
Introduction: midwifery belongs among the regulated professions which means it is
preceded by a specified study. After graduating, a midwife acquires specialized
competence to exercise this profession.
Aim: the objective of this research was to identify what are the knowledge, opinions
and experience of the public with midwifery (or a midwife), as well as to contrast the
situation in Slovakia with the situation if the United States of America.
Methods: necessary data was collected using survey questionnaires, which were
distributed over the internet and at personal meetings. 200 respondents (180 from
Slovakia and 20 from USA) participated in the research. Both men and women
between the ages of 16 and 22 took part in the survey. In Slovakia the participation
ratio was 66% women and 34% men, on the contrary in USA 90% of the respondents
were women and 10% men. The response rate for the questionnaires was 95%.
Results: based on the analysis of gathered data, we were able to discover that in
Slovakia as many as 80% respondents consider midwifes sufficiently qualified to
unaided conduct a successful physiological childbirth, but only 67% of the
participants would be able to image having their child delivered by a midwife. Only
10% of the respondents were able to answer where and for how long midwifery is
studied.
The results in USA were as follows. 67% of respondents (n=13) think that a midwife
is sufficiently qualified to unaided conduct a physiological childbirth, and 37% (n=7)
would be willing to entrust her with the delivery of their child.
Conclusion: this study points at the fact that the public does have certain knowledge
about the midwifery profession, but it is considerably distorted. The sample of
respondents from USA was not sufficiently large to refer to any objective results,
therefore future research with greater sample will be required.
39
SELF-ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN RELATION TO THE KNOWLEDGE AND PROPER HABITS OF HAND HYGIENE
Lenka Fačková and Simona Kelčíková
Department of Public Health, JFM CU Martin
Department of Midwifery, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected] Introduction: Hand Hygiene (HH) is the most important as well as the cheapest way
of prevention against nosocomial infections. Knowledge of health care workers (HW),
their selfassessment and attitude towards their HH influence the adherence to the
procedure of HH in practice.
Method: The aim of this task was to find out what the knowledge and self-
assessment of health care workers in relation to HH were. We used survey
methodology to assess the self-assessment and the level of knowledge of HW. The
questionnaire focused on the assessment of selfassessment consisted of 8 questions
and the questionnaire aimed at knowledge assessment consisted of 47 questions.
Research group was made of HW in clinical practice (n=1135).
Results: We observed the statistical significance in terms of profession, workplace
and the length of practice in the area of self-assessment of HH. We observed the
highest rate of positive self-assessment of HH in medical assistant in SAa subscale.
In the SAb subscale we observed the highest rate of attitude to HH in other health
care workers. We observed the highest rate of selfassessment of HH (SAa) in HW in
surgical departments. We observed the significantly lowest rate of positive attitude
towards HH (SAb) in HW in other departments. We observed the highest rate of self-
assessment in the subscale SAa in HW with the length practice of over 20 years. We
observed the most positive attitude towards HH in the SAb subscale in the HW with
the practice length of over 20 years. We realized that the level of knowledge of HW is
lower than average (75,2%). We observed statistically significant differences in HW in
terms of profession in favour of nurses (76,6%) and in terms of workplace in favour of
HW in surgical departments ( 77,0%).
Conclusion: We can state that health care workers have rather high rate of self-
assessment, whereas their level of knowledge of HH reaches only average values.
Our findings can be compared to similarly oriented studies (Cole, 2009, s.382-383;
Pittet, 2004b, s.3-6; Kucmová, 2012, s.56-58).
40
BREASTFEEDING AND PAIN
Barbora Majdanová and Eva Urbanová
Department of Midwifery, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected] Introduction: The main objective of this work was indentify the magnitude of the pain
linked with breastfeeding, factors of the creation of the pain and level of the worst
level of the pain feeled during the breastfeeding, that respondents could describe on
the visual analog scale of the pain (VAS).
Methodics and file: 188 respondents were attended on this research (n= 188,
average age 29,89), whos are sucking their baby in the present or sucked. As a
criteria was used the answer sheet of the own construction, which was made public
by on-line answer sheets on many web pages during january and february in 2014.
The answer sheet contained closed and opened types of the questions about the
breastfeeding (classified items) and the VAS scale with the grey scale from 0 to 10 (0
– no pain, 10 – maximal pain).
Results: During the detection of the pain during the breastfeeding was demonstrated,
that 69,43 % of women feeled pain during the breastfeeding, which the most often
refered source (factor) of the pain were ragads and the leeching of the baby onto
breast of his mother. Respondents adduced, that the pain during the breastfeeding
was the most intensive during the first three months and the magnitude of the
determined intensity on the VAS scale was 5,54, which is the medium level of the
pain. The most often character of the pain, which the milkers introduced were the
acute, nipping, biting and softly pain. Simultaneously 86,53% of the respondents
introduced, that the pain wasn´t the same cause of abortion of the breastfeeding.
Conclusion: On the basis of this research, it can be alleged, that the most of
respondents from existent assay (n = 188) feeled medium level of the pain during the
breastfeeding ( = 5,54). The most source (factor) of the pain were ragads and the
leeching of the baby onto breast of his mother. The pain it wasn´t the causion of
abortion of the breastfeeding.
41
IDENTIFICATION OF NEGATIVE EXPERIENCE OF WOMEN REGARDING TO
CHILDBIRTH
Dominika Paráková and Lucia Mazúchová
Department of Midwifery, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]
Introduction: Childbirth is a unique event in which a woman is extremely sensitive to
what is going on around her, and that can have positive as well as negative effects
on mental, physical and social field of life of a woman and her child. As the woman
fails to process a negative birth experience, it may result in post-traumatic stress
disorder. The aim of the study was to analyze and evaluate the negative experience
of women and the presence of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in
connection with childbirth.
Methods: The study involved 225 respondents (age 30.16 ± 7.34 years) with a
negative experience of childbirth. Method of data collection was a questionnaire of
our own design focused on finding the causes, symptoms, consequences of negative
experiences of childbirth and ways of coping with them. The questionnaire was
accompanied by a standardized scale aimed at detecting symptoms of posttraumatic
stress disorder in women after childbirth.
Results: Most women reported that their negative experience of childbirth was
associated particularly with complicated delivery and access of personnel. The most
common emotions experienced by women during childbirth were fear, helplessness
and anxiety. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in connection with childbirth
occurred in case of 8 women.
Conclusion: The role of the midwife is to create women during childbirth sense of
security assurance, individual, empathetic approach to provide emotional support and
prevent negative factors involved in the formation of negative experiences of
childbirth and post-natal trauma.
42
SUPPORT PERSON DURING LABOR - THE EXPECTATIONS OF MOTHER
Anna Sedláčková and Eva Urbanová
Department of Midwifery, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]
Introduction: At present, the presence of the support person during childbirth is
evaluated as an important aid, which enable a woman to successfully face with new
unusual situation (for her) and to ensure the optimum cooperation from her side. It is
especially important in the psychological field, but it can also help physically.
The aim: The aim was to find out whether the presence of a support person (partner)
at birth fulfilled the expectations of the mother. Another partial objective was also to
find out who was the most common support person and whether he/she attended
together with a pregnant woman psychophysical preparation for childbirth.
Methods: Method consisting of semi-structured interviews was used. The interview
contained 7 basic questions that have been specified during the interviews. The
studied sample consisted of 25 respondents (n=25) aged 21-42 years, at different
times after birth (years of births range from 2010 to 2014). Respondents were
interviewed in Mami-klub in Kysucké Nové Mesto, and through personal contacts. All
interviews were conducted between January and March 2014.
Results: Analysis of interviews revealed that mother’s expectations about the support
person were met in 23 cases (n=23), the greatest benefit was seen in psychological
support (n=24) and in better pain management (n=20). In all cases (n=25), the
support person was mother’s male-partner. Psychophysical preparation course for
childbirth was attended by 10 respondents (n=10) and 4 of them (n=4) completed it
with their partner. 12 women (n=12) indicated that the presence of a partner had
according to their opinion positive influence on the behavior of the medical staff.
Conclusion: Outcomes from the interviews indicates the validity of theoretical
knowledge about researched topic. Interesting were some experiences of mothers
about a positive impact of partner presence on the medical staff’s behavior. These
findings can’t be generalized and further investigation is required.
43
CONTENT ANALYSIS OF OPINIONS RELATED TO VACCINATION IN SLOVAK NEWS INTERNET DISCUSSION FORUMS
Katarína Jánošíková and Tibor Baška
Department of Public Health, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected]
Introduction. Antivaccination views, particularly doubting effectiveness and safety of
vaccines, are spread namely through internet. Content analysis of debaters’ opinions
in discussions on articles on vaccination in news internet discussion forums is an
effective way to monitor views in this field. Valid data on views of lay public are
crucial for a communication with them to increase information level on vaccination
and its public health significance.
Material and methods. In the content analysis, reasons of expressed opinions in
discussions on internet articles on vaccination were evaluated. The four most read
news information discussion forums in Slovakia were analysed. Data were collected
from February 2013 to February 2014. 1311 debaters were included into analysis.
Three categories of attitudes and defined reasons for positive and negative attitudes
towards vaccination were determined. Dominating attitudes and their reasons were
analysed.
Results. Among debaters, 554(42.2%) of them expressed positive attitudes,
625(47.6%) negative attitudes and132(10.2%) neutral attitudes. Among negative
attitudes, idea, that the vaccination is a business of pharmaceutical companies,
dominated. Other reasons included sect motives related to nature or religion and
reasons arising from negative experiences. Among positive attitudes, opinions
supporting significance of a herd immunity and general importance of vaccination
dominated. Neutral attitude, presented by an opinion that vaccination should be
voluntary, was shared by 132(10.2%) of debaters.
Conclusion. In Slovak discussion forums negative attitudes towards vaccination
prevail. In communication with lay public, attention should be paid to scientific
evidence independent of interests of manufacturers of vaccines as well as irrationality
of dominating conspiracy opinions. The positive finding is that lots of laypersons
understand importance of herd immunity and significance of vaccination.
44
EFFICIENCY OF HAND WASHING - EVALUATION BASED ON DETECTION OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION AMONG STUDENTS OF JLF UK
Martin Novák and Jana Kompaníková
Department of Public Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, JFM
CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected] Aim of this study was to evaluate the elimination of microbial contamination of hands
in students of JLF UK and the comparison of results influenced by the way of
washing (the common technique used in everyday live and hygienical hand washing
technique used in medical proffesions) and the differences according the evaluated
hand (right, left).
We used the method of artificial contamination of hands by Micrococcus luteus after
which the subjects were asked to wash their hands in common and hygienical
method. The sample was taken after contamination and after each washing from
each hand (6 samples from every subject).The sample was represented by 1,0 ml of
the elution from the saline in glove in which the subject rinsed hand after each step.
We detected and recorded the colony forming units (CTU) of Micrococcus luteus.
Results compare the decrese of CTU among control (contaminated hands),and
common washing; and common washing and hygienical washing in both hands
irrespective to knowledge of hand washing (60,65%; 30,18%), for left hand (67,98%;
35,86°%) and right hand (48,64%; 24,39%). In those who had proper knowledge of
hand washing technique it was 86,47%; 22,55% (79,79%; 22,42% left hand, 90,58%;
22,73% right hand). In those who had improper knowledge it was 22,40%; 32,16%
resp. (2,10%; 25% left hand, 34,71%; 38,65% right hand)
The results show that the proper knowledge of hand washing technique influenced
not only the decrease in CFU in this procedure, but it also shows that subjects, who
knew proper hygienical hand washing technique, had better common hand washing
technique than those who had improper knowledge of hygienical hand washing
technique.
45
CONTENT ANALYSIS OF SLOVAK AND CZECH BLOGS PRESENTING POSITIVE ATTITUDES TOWARDS EATING DISORDERS
Jana Straková and Tibor Baška
Department of Public Health, JFM CU Martin [email protected]; [email protected]
Introduction: The Internet offers spread of web sites promoting and agree with mental
eating disorders. We analysed the content of pro-eating disorders sites and their
main features.
Material and method: We qualitatively and quantitatively analysed content of freely
accessible 70 Slovak and Czech blogs. We studied general features of blogs, main
reasons for weight loss, thinspiration material, tips and tricks, harm, body image,
spiritual features, suicidal behaviour, self-injury, health problems and family
environment.
Results: 74.3% of the analysed blogs were inactive. Community membership of pro
ana/pro mia was expressed in 47.1% of sites. There were 51.5% of sites maintained
by girls with anorexia nervosa. 72.6% of sites had harmful content. Thinspiration
material appeared in 88.6% of them. Letter from Ana (personification of spiritual cult
of anorexia) was published in 40% of sites and Ana’ s prayer was presented in 24.3%
of them. Self-injurious behaviours occured in 18.6%. Suicide thoughts presented
15.7% of adolescents and suicide attempts reported 4.3% of them.
Discussion and conclusions: Our results showed that the problem of mental eating
disorders has numerous significant dimensions being beyond of traditional
biomedical approach. The disease affects overall behaviour as well as social
relations so the dealing with it requires interdisciplinary approach. The Internet
provides numerous opportunities to improve preventive interventions. It offers an
anonymity that may encourage patients who are ashamed of their eating problems to
seek help. There is a need to establish interactive web sites promoting therapy
providing professional, interdisciplinary oriented support.
46
MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION OF PAIN IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Mariana Džubáková and Žiaková Katarína
Department of Nursing, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected] Introduction: The aim of our work was to determine which pain management
interventions are carried out by nurses and which of them are considered to be
important.
Material and methods: For the collection of empirical data, we used the custom
design of the questionnaire, which had 74 items. Sample consisted of 87 nurses,
working in the surgical workplaces, of which 45 nurses are working at HNsP in
Trstená and 42 nurses at UNM in Martin.
Results: The interventions that nurses use in practice in assessment, received the
highest score line Identify the location of pain in the implementation of intervention
Organize management interventions to alleviate or eliminate pain and in the
assessment item To assess pain 30 min. after administration of pharmacological
treatment.The lowest score in the assessment of patients received item Investigate
opinion on pain of execution item cater the needs in the context of nursing diagnosis.
Ineffective health maintenance, in the evaluation item Evaluating record of regular BP
measurements.The interventions that nurses considered important in the
assessment, received the highest score line to identify the presence of pain in a
person. In the implementation Organize management interventions to alleviate or
eliminate pain in the evaluation item To assess pain 30 min. after administration of
pharmacological treatment.The lowest score in the assessment of patients received
item Investigate view to pain. From the field of implementation, item Alleviation of
pain administers medication rectally.
Conclusion: The results of the correlation analysis shows that between the ages of
nurses and implementation of interventions in practice and considered it important
interventions are not statistically significant relationships. Older sisters apply
interventions pertaining to the assessment. Interventions to advise on the
assessment and evaluation considered important younger sisters.
47
ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER
Mária Hudáková and Radka Kurucová
Department of Nursing, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected] Introduction: Resourse for the processing of this issue is absence of social support
assessment in clinical practice. The aim of the research was to assess a social
support for patients with cancer.
Material and methods: Implementation of the research study using the scale SELSA-
S. The scale contains of 15 items divided into three subscales, evaluated on the
Likert scale from 1 to 7. Achievement of a higher score indicates a low level of a
social support. Gained data were evaluated using descriptive and inductive statistical
methods. The research sample consisted of 76 respondents, including 47 women
and 29 men. The average age of respondents was 56.74 years, an average length of
disease was 41.29 months.
Results: The overall level of a social support of respondents was 47.34. The highest
rate of the social support is observed in a subscale social relations. As problematic
one a subscale partnership,in which the respondents felt the lowest level of social
support. From a gender point of view a higher level of a social support was felt by
women. In terms of marital status,the highest level of a social support experienced by
respondents who were married or had a partnership, on a contrary those who were
single felt the lowest rate of support. These differences were not statistically
significant. The results of the correlation analysis shows that elderly patients
experience a lower level of social support,statistically significant relationships were
confirmed only in family relations subscale. The patients who are diagnosed cancer
for a long time experience a higher level of social support.
Conclusion:Patients from our research group generally feel sufficient social support.
We consider the results as positive since we accept opinions of more foreign authors
(Gomes,Higginson,2006;Hombardos-Medienta,2012;Usta,2013), who state that the
lack of social support negatively affects quality of life of patients.
48
COMPLIANCE IN DIABETIC CHILD
Monika Manová and Mária Zanovitová
Department of Nursing, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected] Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) type I. is a chronic disease of the endocrine
system considered to be epidemic of our time. This illness in childhood requires
cooperation of the child but also the parent. DM affects the child by limiting him/her in
activities of daily life and requires compliance with certain rules and principles.
Method: To collect empirical data in our research we have used the observation form
consisting of two parts. The first part consisted of 17 – points of observing insulin
administration. In the second part we have recorded the data on gender and age of
the child, duration of DM, number of insulin applications per day, and the current
value of HbA1c. Data were processed by descriptive statistics. The research sample
consisted of 45 diabetic children aged 7 – 18 years.
Results: By analysing the results we have found out that the overall administration
skills in insulin application averaged 72.05 % success. The best administration ability
was proved in children in the 10 – 12 years age group (76.37 % success). These
ages are presented in the literature as appropriate to take over self-administration of
application. The children in the 7 – 9 years age group averaged 74.12 % success
that may result from a lack of skills and knowledge about insulin application. The
worst administration ability (67.8 % success) was proved in children in the 13 – 18
years age group that may be associated with the onset of puberty and building their
own identity.
Discussion and conclusion: Insulin therapy is the most important part of the treatment
of DM type I. Good glycemic control is possible only with correct insulin application,
thus it is crucial so that children have enough knowledge and skills to take on the
responsibility for their insulin administration. Child should be given the responsibility
for self-administration of insulin gradually according to its degree of physical and
cognitive development that is individual in each child.
49
NUTRITION OF PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA
Alžbeta Sliacka and Martina Tomagová
Department of Nursing, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected] Introduction: The presence of nutritional disturbance, most often malnutrition,
increases for patients in later stages of dementia. Malnutrition is caused by food
intake disorders and specific metabolic changes. It increases the risk of development
of complications in patient’s health state.
The aim of the study was to identify and describe nutritional disturbance of seniors
with the syndrome of dementia, and nursing care aimed at satisfaction the nutritional
need during long-term institutional care.
Material and methods: Based on enrolment criteria, we included into the study 5
seniors with a syndrome of dementia from the Nursing home in Liptovské Sliače.
Empirical data collection was conducted through semi-structured interview, structured
observation, analysis of medical records of patients, and we used Mini Nutritional
Assessment (MNA). The primary source of information were patients; the secondary
source were nurses and carers working in the Nursing home, and medical records.
Results: We identified problems in nutritional state of patient with dementia. We
divided these problems into the following areas: deficit in self-care at food intake,
behavioral disturbance during eating, disturbance of swallowing, risk of malnutrition
and malnutrition. We also recorded nursing interventions aimed at satisfaction of
patient’s nutrition - monitoring of nutritional state, adaptation of patients‘ menu,
feeding with respecting individual requirements of patients, sipping, application of
parenteral nutrition. Additionally, nurses implemented interventions aimed at
defecation, physiologic hydratation, oral hygiene, which affect food intake.
Conclusion: Through nursing care about patients‘ nutrition, it is possible to (at least
partially) delay and relieve the development of malnutrition. Through the support of
nutrition, mainly orally, we allow patients to experience the comfort and pleasant
feelings connected to meal.
50
HOSPITALIZATION OF A CHILD WITH PARENT
Lucia Šaradinová and Mária Zanovitová
Department of Nursing, JFM CU Martin
[email protected]; [email protected] Introduction: The presence of a parent with a child hospitalized is a positive factor
reducing negative impacts on the child, facilitating its adaptation to a new
environment and allowing meeting its needs. From the perspective of nurses it brings
not only positive but also negative reactions. The aim of the survey was to find out
how nurses perceive the presence of a parent with a child in a hospital.
Material and methods: Questionnaire of own construction consisted of 24 items
divided into 4 areas of investigation (communication, information, cooperation,
satisfaction / dissatisfaction). For interpretation we have used parameters of
descriptive statistics: mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum. The survey
sample consisted of 55 nurses working on paediatric wards.
Results: Based on our results, we have found out how nurses perceive the presence
of a parent while child hospitalized. Individual items scores achieved a range from
1.49 to 3.51 on the scale 1 – 5. In the practice nurses always try to respect the
privacy of parents but they are often faced with verbal confrontations from parents. In
the field of information, nurses always inform the parent about preventive measures
but on the other hand, during their shift they not always have enough time and space
for parent education. Generally the parent is perceived to be helpful for the child's
adaptation to the hospital environment, but parents often do not respect regulations
related to hospital schedule/guidelines. Although parents often use the opportunity to
be hospitalized with the child but from the perspective of nurses the parent's
hospitalization is not appropriate always and in all circumstances, and department is
not always sufficiently equipped for parents.
Conclusion: Nurses' positive reactions prevail over the negative ones in the practice.
Negatives occur in the areas that result from the character of a parent or from overall
equipment at the department that cannot be always influenced.
51
Note:
52
The conference is supported by
AND
Dr. Jozef Lettrich Foundation Nadácia Dr. Jozefa Lettricha
Benkova 10 036 01 Martin
www.nadacialettricha.sk
Authors are responsible for content of abstracts.
Abstracts from XXXV. Student Scientic Conference JFM CU Martin
Created: RNDr. Eva Blahovcová and RNDr. Jozef Hatok, PhD.
Comenius University in Bratislava
Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin
Number of pages: 54
2014