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The lining of the lungs is called the:

A. peritoneum.B. pericardium.C. pleural membrane.D. cutaneous Membrane.

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The lining of the lungs is called the pleural membrane, which is a serous membrane.

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These cells produce the waterproof outer surface of the skin:A. MelanocytesB. LipocytesC. KeratinocytesD. Integumentocytes

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Keratinocytes produce keratin, which is a protein waterproofs the skin.

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These projections of the upper dermal layer contribute to the formation of fingerprints.A. MicrovilliB. Dermal inclusionsC. Stratum lucidumD. Dermal papillae

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Dermal papillae contribute to the formation of fingerprints.• Dermal papillae: ridges that produce fingerprints, used to grip

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Sebaceous glands secrete:

A. sweatB. keratinC. oilD. uric acidE. endorphins

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Sebaceous glands• Produce oil• Lubricant for skin• Prevents brittle hair• Kills bacteria• Most have ducts that empty into hair follicles; others open directly onto skin surface• Glands are activated at puberty

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The sun activates the synthesis of:

A. Vitamin A

B. Vitamin B-6

C. Vitamin B-12

D. Vitamin D

E. Vitamin C

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Integumentary System Physiology: functions

7. Synthesis of Vitamin D: acted on by UV rays, Vitamin D acts as a hormone to effect absorption of Ca+ in digestive tract.

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This smooth muscle contracts to give you goose bumps.

A. Dermal papillaeB. Arrector pilliC. Skeletal muscleD. Dermal sheath

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Arector pili: smooth muscle, keep hair at angle, stress hair goes perpendicular: goose-bumps

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Which of the following is a connective tissue membrane:

A. synovial membraneB. mucous membraneC. cutaneous membraneD. serous membraneE. pleural membrane

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Synovial membrane• Connective tissue only• Lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints• Secretes a lubricating fluid

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Stratum ________ contains the Langerhans cells which serve as a part of the immune system.

A. basalB. spinosumC. granulosumD. lucidumE. corneum

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Epidermis: stratified squamousStratum spinosum • spine/thorn like cells• close together• contain Langerhan cells• Langerhans cells: protects against disease w/ helper T cells of the immune system.

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A yellow/orange pigment which is the precursor for Vitamin A and needed for visual pigment.

A. melaninB. hemoglobinC. albuminD. caroteneE. collagen

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Skin Color Pigments:• Carotene: precursor for Vitamin A, needed for visual pigment• yellow/orange• Build up of yellow pigment os called jaundice

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The dermis of the skin:

A. contains receptors for cold, heat, & painB. is composed of corneal & basal layersC. contains the melanocytesD. contains large amounts of fats

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Dermis has TWO layers• Papillary layer (upper dermal region)• Projections called dermal papillae • Some contain capillary loops• Other house pain receptors and touch

receptors• Reticular layer (deepest skin layer)• Blood vessels• Sweat and oil glands• Deep pressure receptors

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The ABCD Rule is used in relationship to this disease/disorder:

A. sun burnsB. vitiligoC. skin cancerD. alopeciaE. seborrhea

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A= Aysmmetry: one half does not match the other half in size, shapeB = Border Irregularity: edges are irregular, poorly definedC = Color: pigmentation not uniformD = Diameter: bigger then pencil eraser ( 6 mm) ABCD Rule relates to skin cancer

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The epidermis is composed of:

A. simple columnar epitheliumB. stratified squamous epitheliumC. adipose tissueD. dense fibrous connective tissueE. areolar tissue

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Epidermis: stratified squamous• Keratinocytes: cells produce keratin, protein to protect

skin from heat, bacteria, chemicals, make up 90%

• Melanocytes: make up 8% made of pigment melanin, protects from UV rays 

• Langerhans cells: protects against disease w/ helper T cells, from bone marrow 

• Merkel cells: least numerous, deepest layer, touch sensation/nerve disc

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The hypodermis is composed of:

A. simple columnar epitheliumB. stratified squamous epitheliumC. adipose tissueD. dense fibrous connective tissueE. areolar tissue

Subcutaneous tissue (HYPODERMIS) is deep to dermis• Not part of the skin

• Anchors skin to underlying organs

• Composed mostly of adipose tissue

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Hair & nails are produced by cells in the:

A. dermisB. hypodermisC. sweat glandD. epidermisE. sebaceous gland

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Hair is produced by hair follicles in the DERMIS.

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Nails contain a large amount of this substance:

A. sweatB. keratinC. oilD. uric acidE. melanin

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Nails

• Scale-like modifications of the epidermis• Heavily keratinized• Stratum basale extends beneath the nail bed responsible for growth• Lack of pigment makes them colorless

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Condition of thinning and some degree of baldness.

Diseases/Disorders for 1

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AlopeciaBaldness (Alopecia): androgens inhibit hair growth

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Diseases/Disorders for 1

Overproduction of skin cells causing dry, silvery scales.

Diseases/Disorders for 2

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Psoriasis• Cause is unknown• Triggered by trauma, infection, stress

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Diseases/Disorders for 2

Disorder = increase in size of melanocytes often a part of the aging process.

Diseases/Disorders for 3

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“Liver Spots”

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Diseases/Disorders for 3

Condition characterized by the inability to produce melanin.

Diseases/Disorders for 4

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albinism: inability to produce melanin

vitiligo: loss of melanocytes form patches on skin

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Diseases/Disorders for 4

malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer

Diseases/Disorders for 5

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Basal cell melanoma

Basal cell: 78% of all skin cancers, rarely spreads, just basal layer

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Diseases/Disorders for 5

Full-thickness burn that destroys both the epidermis

& dermis

Diseases/Disorders for 1

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Third-degree burns• Destroys entire skin layer• Burn is gray-white or black

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Diseases/Disorders for 1

Staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions around the mouth & nose

Diseases/Disorders for 2

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Skin Homeostatic Imbalances• Infections and allergies•Impetigo

•Caused by bacterial infection (Staphylococcus)

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Diseases/Disorders for 2

decubitus ulcers

Diseases/Disorders for 3

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Bedsores• Pressure sores = decubitus ulcers• Deficiency of blood to tissue over a bony projection subject to prolonged pressure: bed, cast

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Diseases/Disorders for 3

over-activity of the sebaceous glands that results in dandruff, Also known as “cradle cap” in infants

Diseases/Disorders for 4

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seborrhea (see page 119)

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Diseases/Disorders for 4

Cancer of skin pigment cells.

Diseases/Disorders for 5

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malignant melanomaMalignant melanoma: (melanocytes cancer)

• leading cause of death in skin disease

• spreads rapidly

•2% of all skin cancers

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Diseases/Disorders for 5