Appendix: History of the Boyce Thompson Institute For Plant Research, Ithaca, NY

xxv. BTI Staff List; 1974-2000

STAFF – 1974

Environmental BiologyLeonard H Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorJ. S. Jacobson, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.D. C. MacLean, Ph.D.S. S. Ristich, Ph.D.David L. Sirois, Ph.D.A. E. Hitchcock, Ph.D., ConsultantW. R. Becker, M.S.Anita Aluisio, B.A.Luke Colavito, B.S.Marc E. Crandall, B.A.Jean Dovel, B.A.William L. Dovel, B.A.Laurence I. Heller, B.A.W. E. Hopkins, B.A.Richard H. Mandl, B.A.Madeline O'Neill, B.A.R. E. Schneider, B.S.David H. Silberman, B.S.Linda B. Tatro, B.S.Mark E. Tatro, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.Janet M. BuckleyKay ChaikoJohn Fillo

Cell Physiology and VirologyAlva A. App, Ph.D., Program DirectorJill P. Adler, Ph.D.R. F. Bozarth, Ph.D.Brian A. Federici, Ph.D.J. L. Fowler, Ph.D.R. R. Granados, Ph.D.Hiroyuki Hirumi, M.D.W. H. R. Langridge, Ph.D.D. W. Roberts, Ph.D.Mary Ann Strand, Ph.D., ConsultantH. A. Wood, Ph.D.Mae E. Roberts, M.S.Janice Benjamin, B.A.Amy Campbell, A.B.Beatrice Cato, B.S.Ping Chin, B.A.Deborah DeFeo, B.S.Kazuko Hirumi, B.A.Marybeth Naughton, B.S.Nora E. Silberman, B.S.Georgianna R. Smedley, B.A.Gaby Speyer, B.S.Weiske Van Leuken, B.S.Elizabeth Parmegiani

Physiology of Parasitism and Forest BiologyRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., Program DirectorVladimir Macko, Ph.D.R. J. Manasse, Ph.D.H. W. Mussell, Ph.D.J. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D.Larry L. Strand, Ph.D.Zohara Yaniv, Ph.D.A. T. Grefig, B.S.Lucille Laccetti, B.S.Amy Lowers, B.S.Maria J. Malone, B.S.Judy A. Miura, B.S.Carol A. Rechtoris, B.S.

Beaumont, TexasPatrick Hughes, Ph.D.Jean Pierre Vité, Ph.D., ConsultantDelores BishopKaterie Rose Morony

Grass Valley, CaliforniaG. B. Pitman, Ph.D.Roy L. Heddon, Jr., M.S.Mina Haskell, B.A.Carol Hollingsworth, B.A.R. C. McKnight, B.S.Yvonne Vité

Biological Chemicals (Diamond Shamrock)L. E. Limpel, Ph.D., Program DirectorRichard K. Lankow, Ph.D.S. S. Szabo, Ph.D.C. A. Filippi, B.S.Jean Gouert, B.A.Arthur Muller, B.S.V. J. Paran, B.S.A. M. Marzullo, A.A.S.Frank D. CerboneDavid LamontG. L. McNew, Ph.D., Distinguished ScientistRaulo Parmegiani, Ph.D.D. DiMelfiHerman Gershon, Ph.D.Ira S. Krull, Ph.D.D. E. Gawiak, B.S.Janice M. Hauck, B.A.Larry R. Shanks, B.A.

Administrative and Supervisory Staff

R. H. Wellman, Ph.D., Managing Director Nancy Jennings, Business AssistantD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Secretary of the Corporation Suzanne Broque, M.L.S., LibrarianFred T. Kemple, Treasurer W. G. Smith, Jr., PhotographerDonald L. Mehlhop, B.S., Superintendent-Engineer George Bova, Mechanical Service ForemanGeraldine C. Burke, Executive Assistan t Henry Kirkpatrick, Horticultural SupervisorLois Phillipps, Administrative Assistant Harold White, Ph.D., Storeroom SupervisorS. E. A. McCallan, Consultant

STAFF – 1975

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorJ. B. Bucher, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistE. H. Buckley, Ph.D.J. S. Jacobson, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.D. C. MacLean, Ph.D.A. E. Hitchcock, Ph.D., ConsultantAnita Aluisio, B.A.Luke Colavito, B.S.Marc E. Crandall, B.A.Jean Dovel, B.A.William L. Dovel, B.A.Laurence Heller, B.A.W. E. Hopkins, B.A.Richard H. Mandl, B.A.Madeline O'Neill, B.A.R. E. Schneider, B.S.David H. Silberman, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.Janet M. BuckleyJohn Fillo

Cell Physiology and VirologyAlva A. App, Ph.D., Program DirectorKaren Al-Aidroos, Ph.D.R. F. Bozarth, Ph.D.Jessica A. Castillo, Ph.D.R. R. Granados, Ph.D.Hiroyuki Hirumi, M.D.W. H. R. Langridge, Ph.D.Judith A. Reese, Ph.D.D. W. Roberts, Ph.D.Mary Ann Strand, Ph.D., ConsultantH. A. Wood, Ph.D.Mae E. Roberts, M.S.Amy Campbell, A.B.Beatrice Cato, B.S.Ping Chin, B.A.Deborah DeFeo, B.S.Kazuko Hirumi, B.A.Marybeth Naughton, B.S.Thuy Nguyen, B.S.Nora E. Silberman, B.S.Georgianna R. Smedley, B.A.Gaby Speyer, B.S.

Physiology of Parasitism and Forest BiologyRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., Program DirectorHerman Gershon, Ph.D.Teruyoshi Hashiba, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistIra Krull, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.H. W. Mussell, Ph.D.J. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D.Larry L. Strand, Ph.D.Zohara Yaniv, Ph.D.D. E. Gawiak, B.S.A. T. Grefig, B.S.Lucille Lacetti, B.S.Maria J. Malone, B.S.Judy A. Miura, B.S.Carol A. Rechtoris, B.S.Janice B. Romano, B.S.Larry R. Shanks, B.A.

Grass Valley, CaliforniaG. B. Pitman, Ph.D.Patrick Hughes, Ph.D.Carol Hollingsworth, B.A.R. C. McKnight, B.S.Yvonne Vité

Biological Chemicals (Diamond Shamrock)L. E. Limpel, Ph.D., Program DirectorRichard K. Lankow, Ph.D.S. S. Szabo, Ph.D.C. A. Filippi, B.S.Jean Gouert, B.A.Douglas McWhorter, B.S.A.M. Marzullo, A.A.S.Arthur Muller,B.S. David LamontG. L. McNew, Ph.D., Distinguished ScientistRaulo Parmegiani, Ph.D.S. S. Ristich, Ph.D.D. L. Sirois, Ph.D.Alvaro Goenaga, M.S.Madelaine Zadik, B.S.Freda McNew, B.F.A.Eric McCallan

Administrative and Supervisory Staff

R. H. Wellman, Ph.D. - Managing DirectorD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D. - Secretary of the CorporationFred T. Kemple - TreasurerDonald L. Mehlhop, B.S. - Superintendent-EngineerGeraldine C. Burke - Executive AssistantLois Phillipps - Administrative Assistant

Margaret Del Bene - Business AssistantSuzanne Broque, M.L.S. - LibrarianW. G. Smith, Jr. - PhotographerGeorge Bova - Mechanical Service ForemanNicholas Concavage - Horticultural SupervisorMorris M. Lamberti - Storeroom Supervisor Ph.D.

STAFF-1976

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorJ. B. Bucher, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistE. H. Buckley, Ph.D.J. S. Jacobson, Ph.D.J. A. Laurence, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.D. C. MacLean, Ph.D.Anita Aluisio, B.A.Luke Colavito, B.A.Marc E. Crandall, B.A.Jean Dovel, B.A. William L. Dovel, B.A.Laurence Heller, B.A.W. E. Hopkins, B.A.Richard H. Mandl, B.A.Madeline O. Dean, B.A.R. E. Schneider, B.S.David H. Silberman, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.Janet M. BuckleyJohn FilloW. A. Wolf

Cell Physiology & VirologyAlva A. App, Ph.D., Program DirectorKaren Al-Aidroos, Ph.D.R. F. Bozarth, Ph.D.Jessica Castillo-Epstein, Ph.D.Allan R. J. Eaglesham, Ph.D.R. R. Granados, Ph.D.Robert W. Holst, Ph.D.W. H. R. Langridge, Ph.D.Judith H. Reese, Ph.D.D. W. Roberts, Ph.D.H. A. Wood, Ph.D.Mae E. Roberts, M.S.Amy S. Campbell, A.B.Beatrice Cato, B.S. PPing Chin, B.A.Marybeth Naughton, B.S.Thuy Nguyen, B.S.Nora E. Silberman, B.S.Georgianna R. Smedley, B.A.Gaby Speyer, B.S.

Physiology of ParasitismRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., Program DirectorVladimir Macko, Ph.D.H. W. Mussell, Ph.D.Zohara Yaniv, Ph.D.Lucille Laccetti, B.S.Maria J. Malone, B.S.Judy A. Miura, B.S.Carol A. Rechtoris, B.S.Janice B. Romano, B.S.

Bioregulant ChemicalsD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Program DirectorE. J. Butterfield, Ph.D.Herman Gershon, Ph.D.G. L. McNew, Ph.D.J. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D.S. S. Ristich, Ph.D.D. L. Sirois, Ph.D.Alvaro Goenaga, M.S.Rodney Vargo, M.S.A. T. Grefig, B.S.G. P. Karcich, B.S.Carol Rothermel-Pere, B.S.Nancy Schroeder, B.S.Larry R. Shanks, B.A.Madeline Zadik, B.S.Freda McNew, B.F.A.June CastaldoEric McCallan

Grass Valley, CAG. B. Pitman, Ph.D.Patrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.Carol Hollingsworth, B.A.R. C. McKnight, B.S.Yvonne Vité

Biological Chemicals (Diamond Shamrock)L. E. Limpel, Ph.D., Program DirectorRichard K. Lankow, Ph.D.S. S. Szabo, Ph.D.C. A. Filippi, B.S.Jean Gouert, B.A.Richard Lubin, B.S.Douglas McWhorter, B.S.A. M. Marzullo, A.A.S.Arthur Muller, B.S.John Russo, B.S.

Administrative and Supervisory Staff

R. H. Wellman, Ph.D., Managing DirectorD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Secretary of the CorporationFred T. Kemple, B.S., TreasurerDonald L. Mehlhop, B.S., Superintendent-EngineerGeraldine C. Burke, Executive AssistantLois Phillipps, Administrative Assistant

Margaret Del Bene, Business AssistantSuzanne Broque, M.L.S., LibrarianW. G. Smith, Jr., PhotographerGeorge Bova, Mechanical Service ForemanNicholas Concavage, Horticultural SupervisorMorris M. Lamberti, Storeroom Supervisor

STAFF - 1977

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorRobert Amundson, Ph.D.E. H. Buckley, Ph.D.J. S. Jacobson, Ph.D.John A. Laurence, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.A. Theologis, Ph.D.John Troiano, Ph.D.Anita Aluisio, B.A.Luke Colavito, B.A.M. E. Crandall, B.A.Jean Dovel, B.A.William L. Dovel, B.A.Laurence I. Heller, B.A.Richard H. Mandl, B.A.Madeline O. Dean, B.A.Juliana Potter, B.A.R. E. Schneider, B.S.David H. Silberman, B.S.Gaby Speyer, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.John FilloW. A. Wolf

Nitrogen FixationA. A. App, Program DirectorDavid Eskew, Ph.D.Allan R. J. Eaglesham, Ph.D.Robert W. Hoist, Ph.D.V. Ranga Rao, Ph.D.Masanori Suzuki, Ph.D.Aladar A. Szalay, Ph.D.Nora E. Silberman, B.S.

Stress PhysiologyRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., Program DirectorLaurence S. Daley, Ph.D.A. Carl Leopold, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.H. W. Mussell, Ph.D.Jane F. Rissler, Ph.D.Patricia A. Carroll, B.S.Karen S. Goodfriend, B.S.Lucille B. Laccetti, B.S.Maria J. Malone, B.S.Benjamin Miller, B.S.Judy A. Miura, B.S.

Biological Control of InsectsRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorJessica Castillo-Epstein, Ph.D.P. R. Hughes, Ph.D.W. H. R. Langridge, Ph.D.J. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D.D. W. Roberts, Ph.D.H. A. Wood, Ph.D.R. C. Zuzulo, Ph.D. (Visiting Scientist)Betty Fong (Zuzulo) Ph.D. (Visiting Scientist)Mae E. Roberts, M.S.Beatrice Cato, B.S.Ping Chin, B.S.Karen M. Dalecki, B.S.Anthony Grefig, B.S.Kathleen Lawler, B.S.Marybeth Naughton, B.S.Thuy Nguyen, B.S.

Bioregulant ChemicalsD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Program DirectorEarle J. Butterfield, Ph.D.Herman Gershon, Ph.D.George L. McNew, Ph.D.S. S. Ristich, Ph.D.D. L. Sirois, Ph.D.Alvaro Goenaga, M.S.Rodney H. Vargo, M.S.Gregory P. Karcich, B.S.Nancy Schroeder, B.S.Paul R. Seegers, B.S.Larry R. Shanks, B.A.Richard Triant, B.S.Freda L. McNew, B.F.A.June Castaldo

Adjunct:Peter L. Steponkus, Ph.D.Martin Alexander, Ph.D.

Administrative and Supervisory Staff

R. H. Wellman, Ph.D., Managing DirectorD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Secretary of the CorporationFred T. Kemple, B.S., TreasurerDonald L. Mehlhop, B.S., Superintendent-EngineerGeraldine C. Burke, Executive AssistantLois Phillipps, Administrative Assistant

Margaret DelBene, Business AssistantSuzanne Broque, M.L.S., LibrarianW. G. Smith, Jr., PhotographerGeorge Bova, Mechanical Service ForemanNicholas Concavage, Horticultural SupervisorCourtney McLean, Stockroom Supervisor

STAFF - 1978

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorRobert A. Amundson, Ph.D.Michael Britton, Ph.D.E. H. Buckley, Ph.D.J. S. Jacobson, Ph.D.John A. Laurence, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.A. Theologis, Ph.D.John A. Troiano, Ph.D.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Frank Russo, M.S.Anita Aluisio, B.A.Luke Colavito, B.A.Jean Dovel, B.A.William L. Dovel, B.A.Laurence I. Heller, B.A.Richard H. Mandl, B.A.Madeline O. Dean, B.A.Juliana Potter, BA.Robert E. Schneider, B.S.David H. Silberman, B.S.Gaby Speyer, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.John FilloW. A. Wolf

Nitrogen &, Crop YieldsA. A. App, Ph.D., Program DirectorDavid Eskew, Ph.D.Allan R. J. Eaglesham, Ph.D.Thomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.Thomas G. Patterson, Ph.D.V. Ranga Rao, Ph.D.Masanori Suzuki, Ph.D.Aladar A. Szalay, Ph.D.Nora E. Silberman, B.S.

Plant StressRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., Program DirectorLaurence S. Daley, Ph.D.Bor-Fuei Huang, Ph.D.A. Carl Leopold, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.Harry W Mussell, Ph.D.David A. Priestley, Ph.D.Jane F. Rissler, Ph.D.Raymond E. Tully, Ph.D.Zohara Yaniv, Ph.D.Patricia A. Carroll, B.S.Karen S. Goodfriend, B.S.Lydia L. Howell, B.S.Lucille B. Laccetti, B.S.

Maria J. Malone, B.S.Benjamin Miller, B.S.Mary Musgrave, B.S.

Biological ControlRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorRichard A. Daoust, Ph.D.Patrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.W H. R. Langridge, Ph.D.J. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D.Donald W Roberts, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.R. C. Zuzulo, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistBetty Fong Zuzulo, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistPing Chin, B.S.Karen M. Dalecki, B.S.Jill Greenberg, B.S.Anthony Grefig, B.S.Liz Beth Johnston, B.S.Kathleen Lawler, B.S.Lorraine Longo, B.S.Marybeth Naughton, B.S.Celia Radke, B.S.

Bioregulant ChemicalsD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Program DirectorEarle J. Butterfield, Ph.D.Herman Gershon, Ph.D.George L. McNew, Ph.D.Gary B. Pitman, Ph.D.S. S. Ristich, Ph.D.D. L. Sirois, Ph.D.Alvaro Goenaga, M.S.Rodney H. Vargo, M.S.Kathleen Carey, B.S.Stephen T Fox, B.S.Gregory P Karcich, B.S.Joan Parker, B.S.Paul R. Seegers, B.S.Larry R. Shanks, B.S.Richard Triant, B.S.Freda L. McNew, B.F.A.June Castaldo

USDA Personnel Located at BTIRichard Soper, Ph.D.Richard T. Humber, Ph.D.Holly A. Beermann, B.S.Lorraine Longo, B.S.

AdjunctPeter L. Steponkus, Ph.D.Martin Alexander, Ph.D.

Administrative and Supervisory Staff

R. H. Wellman, Ph.D., Managing DirectorD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Secretary of the CorporationFred T. Kemple, B.S., TreasurerGeraldine C. Burke, Executive AssistantNancy K. Jennings, Business Assistant

W G. Smith, Jr., PhotographerGeorge Bova, Mechanical Service ForemanE. Scott Jackson, A.A.S., Greenhouse ManagerCourtney McLean, Stockroom SupervisorGreta M. Colavito, MM., Librarian

STAFF - 1979

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorRuth Alscher-Herman, Ph.D.Robert G. Amundson, Ph.D.E. H. Buckley, Ph.D.James L. Ellenson, Ph.D.J. S. Jacobson, Ph.D.J ohn A. Laurence, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.John A. Troiano, Ph.D.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Anita Aluisio, BA.Ann Braun, B.S.Luke Colavito, BA.Christina Cosentini, B.S.Carol S. Greitner, B.S.Laurence I. Heller, BA.Richard H. Mandl, BA.Juliana Potter, BA.Karen H. Schmitz, B.S.Robert E. Schneider, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.

Nitrogen & Crop YieldsA. A. App, Ph.D., Program DirectorAllan R. J. Eaglesham, Ph.D.David Eskew, Ph.D.Ray Hadley, Ph.D.Thomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.David Morris, Ph.D.John Noti, Ph.D.Thomas G. Patterson, Ph.D.Jay B. Peterson, Ph.D.V Ranga Rao, Ph.D.Aladar A. Szalay Ph.D.Shigeyuki Tajima, Ph.D.Ada Zamir, Ph.D.Barbara E. Kneen, M.S.Richard Glenister, B.S.Richard Seegers, BA.Barbara Zoha, B.S.

Plant StressRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., Program DirectorBor-Fuei Huang, Ph.D.A. Carl Leopold, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.Harry W. Mussell, Ph.D.David A. Priestley Ph.D.Raymond E. Tully, Ph.D.Patricia A. Carroll, B.S.Karen S. Goodfriend, B.S.

Lydia L. Howell, B.S.Lucille B. Laccetti, B.S.Mary E. Musgrave, B.S.

Biological ControlRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorRichard A. Daoust, Ph.D.Patrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.W. H. R. Langridge, Ph.D.Claudio Messias, Ph.D. (Visiting Scientist)J.A.A. Renwick, Ph.D.Donald W. Roberts, Ph.D.Riva Rubinstein, Ph.D.Arpy Barsoumina, MA.Timothy Anguish, B.S.Jill Greenberg, B.S.Anthony Grefig, B.S.Mary L. Hinkle, B.S.Liz Beth Johnston, B.S.M. Christie Kroll, BA.Kathleen Lawler, B.S.Donna Natale, B.S.Joan Parker, B.S.Celia Radke, B.S.

Bioregulant ChemicalsD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Program DirectorEarle J. Butterfield, Ph.D.Herman Gershon, Ph.D.Gary B. Pitman, Ph.D.S. S. Ristich, Ph.D.D. L. Sirois, Ph.D.Kathleen Carey, B.S.Stephen Fox, B.S.Gregory P. Karcich, B.S.Richard Triant, B.S.Lynne Kildoyle, A.A.S.Christine Rusinko, A.A.S.

USDA Personnel Located at BTIRichard Soper, Ph.D.Richard T. Humber, Ph.D.Robert R. M. Paterson, Ph.D.Michael Ward, Ph.D. (Consultant)James L. Blankenship, B.S.Lorraine Longo, B.S.Brian Martinell, B.S.

Adjunct:Peter L. Steponkus, Ph.D.Martin Alexander, Ph.D.James P. Lassoie, Ph.D.

Administrative and Supervisory Staff

R. H. Wellman, Ph.D., Managing DirectorD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Secretary of the CorporationFred T. Kemple, B.S., TreasurerGeraldine C. Burke, Executive AssistantSheila Enstine, Business Assistant

Greta M. Colavito, MM., LibrarianW. G. Smith, Jr., PhotographerGeorge Bova, Mechanical Service ForemanE. Scott Jackson, A.A.S., Greenhouse ManagerCourtney McLean, Stockroom Supervisor

STAFF - 1980

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorRuth Alscher-Herman, Ph.D.Robert G. Amundson, Ph.D.E. H. Buckley, Ph.D.James L. Ellenson, Ph.D.J. S. Jacobson, Ph.D.Robert Kohut, Ph.D.John A. Laurence, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.John A. Troiano, Ph.D.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Ann Braun, B.S.Luke Colavito, B.A.Christina Cosentini, B.S.Carol S. Greitner, B.S.Karen Hansen, B.S.Richard H. Mandl, B.A.Richard Raba, B.S.Katherine L. Reynolds, B.S.Robert E. Schneider, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.

Plant StressRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., Program DirectorBor-Fuei Huang, Ph.D.A. Carl Leopold, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.Harry W. Mussell, Ph.D.David A. Priestley, Ph.D.Raymond E. Tully, Ph.D.Kathleen Williams, M.S.Karen S. Goodfriend, B.S.Carol Grinnalds, B.S.Lucille B. Laccetti, B.S.Mary E. Musgrave, B.S.Nancy Reeves, B.S.Patricia A. Stilwell, B.S.

Nitrogen and Crop YieldsA. A. App, Ph.D. Program DirectorLee Compton, Ph.D.Allan R. J. Eaglesham, Ph.D.David Eskew, Ph.D.Ray Hadley, Ph.D.Md. Salah Hassouna, Ph.D., VisitingFellowMd. Hussin Ahmad, Ph.D.Chi-Yung Huang, Ph.D. Visiting ScientistThomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.David Morris, Ph.D.John Noti, Ph.D.Thomas G. Patterson, Ph.D.Jay B. Peterson, Ph.D.Aladar A. Szalay, Ph.D.Shigeyuki Tajima, Ph.D.John K. Williams, Ph.D.Ada Zamir, Ph.D. Visiting ScientistBarbara E. Kneen, M.S.Richard Glenister, B.S.Barbara Seaman, B.S.Richard Seegers, B.A.

Bioregulant ChemicalsD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Program DirectorEarle J. Butterfield, Ph.D.Herman Gershon, Ph.D.S. S. Ristich, Ph.D.D. L. Sirois, Ph.D.Thomas J. Finnegan, B.S.Stephen Fox, B.S.Kathleen Howard, B.S.Jon E. Hvitfelt, B.S.Ronald J. Pocchari, B.S.James Lang, B.S.Patricia Soper, B.S.Richard Triant, B.S.Christine Rusinko, A.A.S.

Biological ControlRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorJohn P. Burand, Ph.D.

Richard A. Daoust, Ph.D.Bernardo Gabriel, Ph.D. Visiting ScientistPatrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.W. H. R. Langridge, Ph.D.Zhi-Yu Lu, Ph.D. Visiting ScientistClaudio Messias, Ph.D. Visiting ScientistJ. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D.Donald W. Roberts, Ph.D.Riva Rubinstein, Ph.D.Brad Stiles, Ph.D.Arpy Barsoumian, M.A.Eileen Freiler, M.S.Marjory A. Penton, M.S.Timothy Anguish, B.S.Jill Greenberg, B. S.Anthony Grefig, B.S.Liz Beth Johnston, B.S.M. Christie Kroll, B.A.Kathleen Lawler, B.S.Marta Meda, B.S.Donna Natale, B.S.Joan Parker, B.S.Celia Radke, B.S.Susan J. Raba, B.S.

USDA Personnel Located at BTIRichard Soper, Ph.D.Richard T Humber, Ph.D.Robert R. M. Paterson, Ph.D.Michael Ward, Ph.D., ConsultantHolly Beermann, B.S.James Blankenship, B.S.Rebecca Lawlor, B.S.Brian Martinell, B.S.

AdjunctPeter L. Steponkus, Ph.D.Martin Alexander, Ph.D.James P Lassoie, Ph.D.

Administrative and Supervisory Staff

Roy A. Young, Ph.D. - Managing DirectorD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D. - Secretary of the CorporationFred T. Kemple, B.S. - TreasurerGeraldine C. Burke - Executive AssistantSheila Enstine - Business Assistant

Greta M. Colavito, M.Mus. - LibrarianW. G. Smith, Jr. - PhotographerGeorge Bova – Mechanical Service ForemanE. Scott Jackson, A.A.S. - Greenhouse ManagerCourtney McLean - Stockroom Supervisor

STAFF - 1981

Biological ControlRobert R. Granados, Ph.D. Program DirectorJohn E. Burand, Ph.D.Richard A. Daoust, Ph.D.Patrick R Hughes, Ph.D.W H. R Langridge, pH.Zhi-Yu Lu, Ph.D.J.A.A. Renwick, Ph.D.Donald W. Roberts, Ph.D.Brad F Stiles, Ph.D.Anthony W Sweeney, Ph.D. Visiting ScientistH. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Anne Dickie, M.S.Karen Clark, B.A.Anthony Grefig, B.S.William Jaeger, B.S.Linnea M. Johnson, B.S.Liz B. Johnston, B.S.Kathleen Lawler, B.S.Marta Meda, B.S.Marjory Penton, B.S.Susan J. Raba, B.S.Celia Radke, B.S.Abby J. Seaman, B.S.

Bioregulant ChemicalsD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D. Program DirectorThomas E. Anderson, Ph.D.Earle J. Butterfield, Ph.D.Herman Gershon, Ph.D.S. S. Ristich, Ph.D.D. L. Sirois, Ph.D.Cynthia Davis, M.S.Patricia Backus, B.S.Thomas J. Finnegan, B.S.Stephen Fox, B.S.Jon E. Hvitfelt, B.S.James J. Lang, B.S.Christine Michrina, B.S.Ronald J. Pocchari, B.S.Eric R. Sandsted, B.S.Richard Triant, B.S.Steven Axelrod, A.A.S.Janice Beglinger, A.A.S.Christine M. Rusinko, AAS.

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D. Program DirectorRuth Alscher-Herman, Ph.D.Robert G. Amundson, Ph.D.Edward H. Buckley, Ph.D.James L. Ellenson, Ph.D.Jay S. Jacobson, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.

John A Laurence, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.Delbert C. McCune, Ph.D.John A Troiano, Ph.D.Jiaxi Wang, Visiting ScientistTerry L. Lauver, MS.Luke Colavito, B.S.Christina Cosentini, B.S.Joseph J. Egnaczak, B.S.Carol S. Greitner, B.S.Karen Hansen, B.S.Laurence I. Heller, B.S.Richard H. Mandl, B.A.

Nitrogen and Crop YieldsA. A. App, Ph.D. Program DirectorMd. Hussain Ahmad, Ph.D.J. Lee Compton, Ph.D.Allan R. J. Eaglesham, Ph.D.Ian E. Grant, Ph.D.Ray G. Hadley, Ph.D.P hilip Harrison, Ph.D.Md. Salah Hassouna, Ph.D., Visiting FellowLorraine Holowach, Ph.D.Chi-Ying Huang, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistAdrienne Koermendy, Ph.D.Thomas A LaRue, Ph.D.David Layzell, Ph.D.Roman Legocki, Ph.D.R E. MacDonald, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistPatricia MacLeod, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistRobert MacLeod, Ph.D. Visiting ScientistDavid Morris, Ph.D.John Noti, Ph.D.Thomas G. Patterson, Ph.D.Jay B. Peterson, Ph.D.

Plant StressRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., Program DirectorJean Chabot, Ph.D.J. Robert Cooke, Ph.D. Visiting ScientistFolkert A. Hoekstra, Ph.D. Visiting ScientistA Carl Leopold, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.Harry W Mussell, Ph.D.Robert F Sacher, Ph.D.Fred David Sack, Ph.D.R. Paul Willing, Ph.D.Frances M. Brach, M.S.Kathleen Williams, M.S.Jane Golay, B.A.Carol Grinnalds, B.S.John R. Kozura, B.S.Lucille B. Laccetti, B.S.

Administrative and Supervisory Staff

Roy A Young, Ph.D., Managing DirectorD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Secretary of the CorporationJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., ControllerGeraldine C. Burke, Executive AssistantSheila S. Enstine, A.A.S., Business Assistant

Greta M. Colavito, M.Mus., LibrarianW. G. Smith, Jr., PhotographerGeorge Bova, Mechanical Service ForemanE. Scott Jackson, A.A.S., Greenhouse ManagerCourtney McLean, Stockroom Supervisor

STAFF - 1982

Biological ControlRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorDonald W Roberts, Ph.D.Patrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.J. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Richard A. Daoust, Ph.D.John P. Burand, Ph.D.Jeffrey C. Lord, Ph.D.Frank J. Messina, Ph.D.Brad Stiles, Ph.D.Liz Beth Johnston, B.S.Kathleen Lawler, B.S.Celia D. Radke, B.S.Anne Dickie, M.S.Linnea M. Johnson, B.S.Marta Meda, B.S.Lorrie L. Russo, B.S.Abby J. Seaman, B.S.Stephen P. Wraight, M.S.William Jaeger, B.S.Margaret M. Verbanic, B.S.Bao-Ling Cai, Visiting ScientistKaijiang Lin, Visiting ScientistAnthony W Sweeney, Ph.D., Visiting Scientist

Bioregulant ChemicalsD.C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Program DirectorHerman Gershon, Ph.D.David L. Sirois, Ph.D.Thomas E. Anderson, Ph.D.Earle J. Butterfield, Ph.D.Christine Strick, B.S.Stephen T Fox, B.S.Jon E. Hvitfelt, B.S.Ronald J. Pocchiari, B.S.Christine M. Rusinko, A.A.S.Richard Triant, B.S.Patricia Backus, B.S.Gary J. Dolce, B.S.Joseph E Osmeloski, B.S.Jane E. Parkinson, B.S.Steven Axelrod, A.A.S.

Plant StressRichard C. Staples Ph.D., Program DirectorA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.Harry W Mussell,David A. Priestley, Ph.D.Robert E Sacher, Ph.D.Bruce Bradford, Ph.D.Zdenek Kratky, Ph.D.Fred David Sack, Ph.D.R. Paul Willing, Ph.D.Lucille B. Laccetti, B.S.Patricia C. Stilwell, B.S.Frances M. Brach, M.S.John R. Kozura, B.S.Sarah Langrish, M.S.Gary Marlow, M.S.

Susan G. Peck, B.S.Christine Vertucci, B.S.John Abrams, B.S.Susan E. Anderson, B.S.Jane Golay, B.A.Carol Ginnalds, B.S.Karin Von Berg, B.S.Jean Westa, B.S.Natalie Winters, BA.

Nitrogen and Crop YieldsA. A. App, Ph.D., Program DirectorThomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.J. Lee Compton, Ph.D.Ian F. Grant, Ph.D.Ray G. Hadley, Ph.D.W H. R. Langridge, Ph.D.Roman Legocki, Ph.D.Jay B. Peterson, Ph.D.Hideo Sasakawa, Ph.D.Brigitta Dudas, Ph.D.Philip Harrison, Ph.D.Lorraine Holowach, Ph.D.C. -P Sherman Hsu, Ph.D.M. N. Jagadish, Ph.D.Adrienne Koermendy, Ph.D.Marc R. Krauss, Ph.D.Jeffrey S. LaFavre, Ph.D.David Morris, Ph.D.Reinhold Muraskowsky, Ph.D.John Noti, Ph.D.Thomas G. Patterson, Ph.D.R. K. Prakash, Ph.D.Mark D. Stowers, Ph.D.John G. K. Williams, Ph.D.Richard A. Glenister, B.S.Barbara E. Kneen, M.S.Richard Seegers, B.A.Barbara J. Goldman, B.S.Martha J. Sinclair, M.S.Julianne Ruocco, B.S.Kathy J. ParkinVictoria S. Schiff

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorE. H. Buckley, Ph.D.D. C. MacLeanD. C. McCune, Ph.D.John A. Laurence, Ph.D.Richard H. Mandl, B.A.Robert G. Amundson, Ph.D.James L. Ellenson, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.John J. Troiano, Ph.D.Peter Reich, Ph.D.Robert E. Schneider, B.S.Luke J. Colavito, B.S.Laurence I. Heller, B.S.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.

Joseph J. Egnaczak, B.S.Karen Hansen, B.S.Richard C. McMinnRichard M. Raba, B.S.Katherine L. Reynolds, B.S.Anna Schoettle, M.S.Christopher A. Musi, B.S.Karen E. Yamada, B.S.Hector Laguette Rey, B.S., Visiting Fellow

USDA Insect Pathology Research UnitRichard S. Soper, Ph.D. Research LeaderRichard A. Humber, Ph.D.Dennis McCabe, Ph.D.Robert R. M. Paterson, Ph.D.John D. Vandenberg, Ph.D.Rebecca Lawlor, B.S.Brian Martinell, B.S.Marie Martinell, B.S.Mark Ramos, B.S.Michael Ward, B.S., ConsultantMargaret LeBoffe, SecretaryZengzhi Li, Visiting Scientist

AdministrationRoy A. Young, Ph.D., Managing DirectorGeraldine C. Burke, Executive AssistantD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Corporate Secretary and Acting TreasurerJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., Controller

Business OfficeCynthia J. BennettNancy N. DeLuca, B.S.Sheila S. Enstine, A.A.S.Lorraine E. JayneCathie M. Vellake

Support Services:J. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D., AnalyticalAnthony Grefig, B.S., AnalyticalRichard H. Mandl, B.A, ComputerRobert Granados, Ph.D., Electron MicroscopeKaren Clark, B.A., Electron MicroscopeE. Scott Jackson, A.A.S., Greenhouse ManagerMerritt Compton, Asst. Greenhouse ManagerJody Applebee, GreenhouseMaureen Baker, B.A., GreenhouseJohanna M. Baker, GreenhouseBouaone Rattanasengchanh, GreenhouseBrenda Stanton-Ryan, GreenhouseCourtney A. McLean, StockroomGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., LibraryGeorge Bova, Mechanical ForemanDennis Heath, MechanicalLarry J. Willard, AA.S., MechanicalGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., Secretarial CoordinatorJoanne Martin, SecretarialSuzette Payne, SecretarialColleen E. Sloan, SecretarialWilliam G. Smith, Jr., Illustration

STAFF - 1983

Biological ControlRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorDonald W. Roberts, Ph.D.J. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Patrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.Richard A. Daoust, Ph.D.Michiel Rombach, Ph.D.John P. Burand, Ph.D.Kathleen Dwyer, Ph.D.Jeffrey C. Lord, Ph.D.Frank J. Messina, Ph.D.Brad Stiles, Ph.D.John J. Chiment, Ph.D.Linnea M. Johnson, B.S.Kathleen Lawler-Williams, B.S.Celia D. Radke, B.S.Barbara B. Booker, B.S.Marta Meda, B.S.Lorrie L. Russo, B.S.Abby J. Seaman, B.S.Margaret M. Verbanic, B.S.Stephen P. Wraight, M.S.Leslie Allee, B.S.Joyce Barmore, B.S.Susan WaechterWilliam Jaeger, B.S.Bao-Ling Cai, Visiting ScientistAlla Gol’berg, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistKaijiang Lin, Visiting Scientist

Plant StressRichard C. Staples Ph.D., Program DirectorA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.Harry W. Mussell,Zdenek Kratky, Ph.D.David A. Priestley, Ph.D.Robert E. Sacher, Ph.D.Lynn Epstein, Ph.D.Fred D. Sack, Ph.D.Bruce Bradford, Ph.D.Thomas J. Wolpert, Ph.D.Lucille B. Laccetti, B.S.Patricia C. Stilwell, B.S.Timothy M. Bourett, M.S.Frances M. Brach, M.S.John R. Kozura, B.S.Sarah Langrish, M.S.Gary Marlow, M.S.Natalie Porter, B.A.Mitsu Suyemoto, M.S.Susan Wood, B.A.John Abrams, B.S.Darryl Farber, B.S.Cynthia Rasely, B.S.Brenda Werner, B.S.Jean Westa, B.S.Arie Kalir, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistStephen Williams, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistSalah Hassouna. Ph.D., Visiting Fellow

USDA Insect Pathology UnitRichard S. Soper, Ph.D. Research LeaderRichard A Humber, Ph.D.Rebecca Lawlor, B.S.Mark Ramos, B.S.Michael Ward, B.S., Consultant

Margaret LeBoffe, SecretaryZengzhi Li, Visiting Scientist

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorE. H. Buckley, Ph.D.Jay S. Jacobson, Ph.D.John A. Laurence, Ph.D.D. C. MacLean, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.Richard H. Mandl, B.A.Ruth Alscher, Ph.D.Robert G. Amundson, Ph.D.James L. Ellenson, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.John J. Troiano, Ph.D.Peter Reich, Ph.D.Robert E. Schneider, B.S.Luke J. Colavito, B.S.Laurence I. Heller, B.S.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Richard M. Raba, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.Joseph J. Egnaczak, B.S.Karen Hansen, B.S.Paul King, B.S.Richard C. McMinnKatherine L. Reynolds, B.S.Anna Schoettle, M.S.Karen E. Yamada, B.S.Brenda Bateman, B.A.Donald Burgess, B.A.Brian Dunst, B.S.Christopher A. Musi, B.S.Janet BuckleyJudy HahnPaul MillsDaniel Reynolds

Nitrogen and Crop YieldsA.R.J. Eaglesham, Ph.D. Program DirectorThomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.Aladar A. Szalay, Ph.D.J. Lee Compton, Ph.D.Ian F. Grant, Ph.D.W. H. R. Langridge, Ph.D.Roman Legocki, Ph.D.Jay B. Peterson, Ph.D.Hideo Sasakawa, Ph.D.Brigitta Dudas, Ph.D.Philip Harrison, Ph.D.Lorraine Holowach, Ph.D.C. -P Sherman Hsu, Ph.D.M. N. Jagadish, Ph.D.Marc R. Krauss, Ph.D.Adrienne LaFavre, Ph.D.Jeffrey S. LaFavre, Ph.D.David Morris, Ph.D.Reinhold Muraskowsky, Ph.D.John Noti, Ph.D.Mark D. Stowers, Ph.D.Dennis Thiele, Ph.D.John G. K. Williams, Ph.D.Richard A. Glenister, B.S.Barbara E. Kneen, M.S.Richard Seegers, B.A.Martha J. Sinclair, M.S.Barbara J. Goldman, B.S.

Julianne Ruocco, B.S.Ellen Gartside, B.S.Melissa Maina, B.S.Kathy J. ParkinVictoria S. SchiffBai-Jian Li, Visiting ScientistKlaus-Sten Thomson, Visiting Scientist

Bioregulant ChemicalsD.C. Torgeson, Ph.D. Program DirectorHerman Gershon, Ph.D.David L. Sirois, Ph.D.Thomas E. Anderson, Ph.D.Earle J. Butterfield, Ph.D.Christine Strick, B.S.Scott Wettlaufer, M.S.Stephen T. Fox, B.S.Jon E. Hvitfelt, B.S.Richard Triant, B.S.Laura Cook, B.S.Gary J. Dolce, B.S.Joseph E. Osmeloski, B.S.Jane E. Parkinson, B.S.Carolyn Proga, B.S.Debra Chaffee

AdministrationRoy A. Young, Ph.D., Managing DirectorGeraldine C. Burke, Executive AssistantD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Corporate Secretary & Acting TreasurerJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., Controller

Business OfficeCynthia K. Bennett, A.S.Nancy N. DeLuca, B.S.Sheila S. Enstine, A.A.S.Elizabeth M. PanzCathie M. VellakeLorraine E. Jayne, Receptionist

Support ServicesJ. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D., AnalyticalAnthony Grefig, B.S., AnalyticalRichard H. Mandl, B.A., ComputerRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Electron MicroscopeLisa Austin, B.S., Electron MicroscopeKaren Clark, B.A., Electron MicroscopeE. Scott Jackson, A.A.S. Greenhouse ManagerMerritt Compton Assistant Greenhouse ManagerJody Applebee, A.A.S., GreenhouseMaureen Baker, B.A., GreenhouseJohanna M. Baker, GreenhouseBouaone Rattanasengchanh, GreenhouseBrenda Stanton-Ryan, B.S., GreenhouseWilliam G. Smith, Jr., IllustrationGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., LibraryGeorge Bova, Mechanical ForemanLarry J. Willard, A.A.S., MechanicalDennis Heath, MechanicalDonald Slocum, A.A.S., MechanicalGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., Secretarial Crdntr.Joanne Martin, A.A.S., SecretarialSuzette Noti, SecretarialColleen E Sloan, SecretarialEllen K. Stoeber, SecretarialCourtney A. McLean, StockroomDavid Houghtalen, StockroomKim Millard, Stockroom

STAFF - 1984

Biological ControlRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorDonald W. Roberts, Ph.D.J. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Patrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.John P. Burand, Ph.D.Richard A. Daoust, Ph.D.Michiel Rombach, Ph.D.Kathleen Dwyer, Ph.D.Pieter H. Flore, Ph.D.Russell R. Gettig, Ph.D.Jeffrey C. Lord, Ph.D.Frank J. Messina, Ph.D.Stephen P. Wraight, Ph.D.Celia D. Radke, B.S.Linnea M. Johnson, B.S.Lorrie L. Russo, B.S.Margaret M. Verbanic, B.S.Leslie Allee, B.S.Barbara B. Booker, B.S.Anja Derksen, M.S.Martha Hamblin, M.S.Marta Meda, B.S.Joyce Barmore, B.S.Loretta Schlenker, B.S.Bao-Ling Cai, Visiting ScientistAlla Gol’berg, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistJoanne Martin, A.A.S., Program SecretarySuzette Noti, Program SecretaryEllen K. Stoeber, Program Secretary

USDA Insect Pathology UnitRichard S. Soper, Ph.D., Research LeaderRichard A. Humber, Ph.D.Tadeusz J. Poprawski, Ph.D.Rebecca Lawlor, B.S.Mark Ramos, B.S.Leslie D. Buck, B.A.Paul Taylor, B.S.Margaret LeBoffe, SecretaryMitsuaki Shimazu, B.S., Visiting Scientist

Bioregulant ChemicalsD.C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Program DirectorHerman Gershon, Ph.D.David L. Sirois, Ph.D.Thomas E. Anderson, Ph.D.Earle J. Butterfield, Ph.D.Richard Triant, B.S.Gary J. Dolce, B.S.Stephen T. Fox, B.S.Jane E. Parkinson, B.S.Laura B. Cook, B.S.Patrick V. Rice. B.S.Greta M. Colavito, M.Mus., Program SecretaryJoan E. Cole, Program SecretaryLorraine F. Jayne, Program Secretary

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorE. H. Buckley, Ph.D.Jay S. Jacobson, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.

D. C. McCune, Ph.D.John A. Laurence, Ph.D.Richard H. Mandl, B.A.Ruth Alscher, Ph.D.Robert G. Amundson, Ph.D.James L. Ellenson, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.John J. Troiano, Ph.D.Peter Reich, Ph.D.Ariena Van Bruggen, Ph.D.Robert E. Schneider, B.S.Luke J. Colavito, B.S.Laurence I. Heller, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.John J. Chiment, Ph.D.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Richard M. Raba, B.S.Anna Schoettle, M.S.Scott H. Wettlaufer, M.S.Joseph J. Egnaczak, B.S.Karen Hansen, B.S.Karen E. Yamada, B.S.Paul King, B.S.Richard C. McMinnTimothy L. Roark, B.A.Joseph F. Osmeloski, B.S.Brenda Bateman, B.A.Brian Dunst, B.S.Jonathan S. Becker, B.S.Janet BuckleyJudy HahnPaul MillsColleen Sloan, Program SecretaryEllen K. Stoeber, Program Secretary

Nitrogen and Crop YieldsThomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.A.R.J. Eaglesham, Ph.D.Aladar A. Szalay, Ph.D.Ian F. Grant, Ph.D.M. N. Jagadish, Ph.D.W. H. R. Langridge, Ph.D.Roman P. Legocki, Ph.D.John Noti, Ph.D.Sandor Pongor, Ph.D.Brigitta Dudas, Ph.D.C.-P Sherman Hsu, Ph.D.Adrienne K. La Favre, Ph.D.Jeffrey S. La Favre, Ph.D.Reinhold Muraskowsky, Ph.D.Judith L. Owen, Ph.D.Stephen Rawsthorne, Ph.D.David Zaitlin, Ph.D.Richard A. Glenister, B.S.Barbara E. Kneen, M.S.Richard Seegers, B.A.Martha J. Sinclair, M.S.Barbara J. Goldman, B.S.Mary Guttieri, M.S.Melissa Maina, B.S.Julianne Ruocco, B.S.Ellen Gartside, B.S.Debra Vam Vikites, B.S.Victoria S. Schiff

Richard Von Wellsheim, B.S.Bao-Jian Li, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistAndrzej B. Legocki, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistTakafumi Tezuka, Ph.D., Visiting ProfessorDeborah D. Bridwell, B.S., Program SecretarySuzette Noti, Program Secretary

Plant StressRichard C. Staples Ph.D., Program DirectorA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.Harry W. Mussell, Ph.D.David A. Priestley, Ph.D.Robert F. Sacher, Ph.D.Lynn Epstein, Ph.D.Fred D. Sack, Ph.D.Thomas J. Wolpert, Ph.D.Lucille B. Laccetti, B.S.Timothy M. Bourett, M.S.Laura J. Dustin, M.A.Darryl Farber, B.S.Eleanor G. Madden, B.A.Natalie Porter, B.A.Cynthia Rasely, B.S.Mitsu Suyemoto, M.S.Brenda Werner, B.S.Donald Burgess, B.A.Jean Westa, B.S.Salah Hassouna, Ph.D., Visiting FellowJoanne Martin, A.A.S., Program Secretary

AdministrationRoy A. Young, Ph.D., Managing DirectorGeraldine C. Burke, Executive AssistantD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Corporate SecretaryJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., TreasurerFrederic A. Williams, B.S., Dir. of Public Affairs

Business OfficeNancy N. DeLuca, B.S.Sheila S. Enstine, A.A.S.Joanne Oltz, A.A.S., A.S.Elizabeth M. PanzCathie M. Vellake

ReceptionistsLorraine F. JayneJoan E. Cole

Support ServicesJ. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D., AnalyticalAnthony Grefig, B.S., AnalyticalRichard H. Mandl, B.A., ComputerRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Electron MicroscopeLisa Austin, B.S., Electron MicroscopeWilliam G. Smith, Jr., IllustrationGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., LibraryMerritt Compton, Greenhouse ManagerJody Applebee, A.A.S., GreenhouseMaureen Baker, B.A., GreenhouseJohanna M. Baker, GreenhouseJohn R. Kozura, B.S., GreenhouseBouaone Rattanasengchanh, GreenhouseBrenda Stanton-Ryan, B.S., Greenhouse

STAFF – 1985

Biological ControlRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorPatrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.J. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D.Donald W. Roberts, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Thomas E. Anderson, Ph.D.John P. Burand, Ph.D.Richard A. Daoust, Ph.D.Jeffrey C. Lord, Ph.D.Frank J. Messina, Ph.D.Michiel Rombach, Ph.D.Kathleen G. Dwyer, Ph.D.Pieter H. Flore, Ph.D.Russell R. Gettig, Ph.D.Kusum Sachdev, Ph.D.Nikolai van Beek, Ph.D.Stephen P. Wraight, Ph.D.Celia D. Radke, B.S.Linnea M. Johnson, B.S.Anja Derksen, M.S.Martha Hamblin, M.S.Lorrie L. Russo, B.S.Richard Triant, B.S.Leslie Allee, B.S.Joyce Barmore, B.S.Barbara B. Booker, B.S.Gary J. Dolce, B.S.Jane Emmons, B.S.Lori C. Gardner, M.S.Jane E. Parkinson, B.S.Loretta Schlenker, B.S.Gertrude M. Rombach, B.S.Heide Firstencel, B.S.Guo-xun Li, Visiting ScientistDaniel A. Potter, Ph.D. , Visiting ScientistErich Städler, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistH. Stuart Whitney, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistProgram SecretariesJoan E. ColeJoanne Martin, A.A.S.Suzette A. NotiEllen K. StoeberMary E. Westlake

USDA Plant Protection Research UnitRichard S. Soper, Ph.D., Research LeaderRichard A. Humber, Ph.D.Raymond I. Carruthers, Ph.D.Ann E. Hajek, Ph.D.David Holdom, Ph.D.Tadeusz J. Poprawski, Ph.D.Timothy S. Larkin, M.F.Leslie D. Buck, B.A.Mark Ramos. B.S.Paul Taylor, B.S.Meredith K. Healy, SecretaryMitsuaki Shimazu, B.S., Visiting Scientist

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorEdward H. Buckley, Ph.D.Jay S. Jacobson, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.Delbert C. McCune, Ph.D.John A. Laurence, Ph.D.

Richard H. Mandl, B.A.Robert G. Amundson, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.Ruth Alscher, Ph.D.James L. Ellenson, Ph.D.Peter Reich, Ph.D.Ariena H. C. Van Bruggen, Ph.D.Robert E. Schneider, B.S.Luke J. Colavito, B.S.Laurence I.. Heller, B.S.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Jeffrey J. Melkonian, M.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.John J. Chiment, Ph.D.Richard M. Raba, B.S.Scott H. Wettlaufer, M.S.Joseph J. Egnaczak, B.S.Karen S. Hansen, B.S.Karen E. Yamada, B.S.Paul S. King, B.S.Timothy L. Roark, B.A.Joseph F. Osmeloski, B.S.Jonathan S. Becker, B.S.John L. Bower, B.S.Janet M. BuckleyGui-Hui Kong, Visiting ScientistHongsheng Zhang, Visiting ScientistProgram SecretariesColleen Sloan-MackoEllen K. StoeberMary E. Westlake

Nitrogen and Crop YieldsThomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.Allan R. J. Eaglesham, Ph.D.David L. Sirois, Ph.D.Aladar A. Szalay, Ph.D.Adrienne K. La Favre, Ph.D.Jeffrey S. La Favre, Ph.D.William H. R. Langridge, Ph.D.Roman P. Legocki, Ph.D.John D. Noti, Ph.D.Sandor Pongor, Ph.D.O. Mario Aguilar, Ph.D.Bertrand P. Eardly, Ph.D.Daniel Golemboski, Ph.D.Judith L. Owen, Ph.D.Stephen Rawsthorne, Ph.D.David Zaitlin, Ph.D.Barbara E. Kneen, M.S.Barbara J. Goldman, B.S.Laura B. Cook, B.S.Mary Guttieri, M.S.Janet Kazimir, M.S.Susan K. Peirce, M.S.Patrick V. Rice, B.S.Daniel P. Magazu, B.S.Catherine Mauro, B.S.Debra Vam Vikites, B.S.Linda R. KozuraVictoria S. SchiffRichard Von Wellsheim, B.S.John E. Austin, B.A.Otto Folkerts, Jr., Visiting ScientistBao-Jian Li, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistTakafumi Tezuka, Ph.D., Visiting Professor

Elisabeth Goyvaerts, M.S., Visiting FellowDeborah D. Bridwell, B.S., Program SecretaryGreta M. Colavito, Program SecretarySuzette A. Noti, Program SecretaryPlant StressRichard C. Staples, Ph.D. , Program DirectorA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.Harry W. Mussell, Ph.D.David A. Priestley, Ph.D.Robert F. Sacher, Ph.D.Thomas J. Wolpert, Ph.D.Srirama Bhairi, Ph.D.Lynn Epstein, Ph.D.Lucille B. Laccetti, B.S.Richard A. Glenister, B.S.Donald Burgess, B.A.Laura J. Dustin, M.A.Darryl Farber, B.S.Pauline Freve, B.S.Eleanor G. Madden, B.A.Cynthia Rasely, B.S.M. Mitsu Suyemoto, M.S.Brenda Werner, B.S.Laura B. Campbell, M.S.Mary B. Stimmel, B.S.Linda R. KozuraJoanne Martin, A.A.S., Program Secretary

AdministrationRoy A. Young, Ph.D. Managing DirectorGeraldine C. Burke Executive AssistantD.C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Corporate SecretaryJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A. ,TreasurerFrederic A. Williams, Director of Public Affairs

Business OfficeNancy N. DeLuca, B.S.Sheila S. Enstine, A.A.S.Joanne M. Oltz, A.A.S., A.S.Elizabeth M. PanzReceptionist: Joan E. Cole

Support ServicesJ. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D., AnalyticalAnthony Grefig, B.S., AnalyticalRichard H. Mandl, B.A., ComputerRobert R Granados, Ph.D., Electron MicroscopeLisa M. Austin, B.S., Electron MicroscopeMerritt C. Compton, Greenhouse ManagerJody Applebee, A.A.S., GreenhouseMaureen Baker-Sandsted, B.A., GreenhouseJohanna M. Baker, GreenhouseJohn R. Kozura, B.S., GreenhouseBrenda Stanton-Ryan, B.S., GreenhouseWilliam G. Smith, Jr., R.B.P., IllustrationGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., LibraryLarry J. Willard, A.A.S., Mechanical ForemanDonald A. Slocum, A.A.S., MechanicalGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., Secretarial CoordinationCourtney A. McLean, Stockroom ManagerDavid Houghtalen, Stockroom

STAFF – 1986

Biological ControlRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorPatrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.J.A.A. Renwick, Ph.D.D. W Roberts, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.John P. Burand, Ph.D.Kathleen G. G. Dwyer, Ph.D.Jeffrey C. Lord, Ph.D.Frank J. Messina, Ph.D.Michiel Rombach, Ph.D.Nikolai van Beek, Ph.D.Michael B. Dimock, Ph.D.Pieter H. Flore, Ph.D.Russell R. Gettig, Ph.D.Yoshifumi Hashimoto, Ph.D.Kusum Sachdev, Ph.D.Stephen P Wraight, Ph.D.Celia D. Radke, B.S.Anja Derksen, M.S.Leslie Allee, B.S.Gary J. Dolce, B.S.Jane E. Parkinson, B.S.Barbara B. Booker, B.S.Laura B. Campbell, M.S.Jane Emmons, B A.Brian Florence, B.A.Lori C. Gardner, M.S.Paul Taylor, B.S.Sandra W. Feuer, B.A.Gertrude M. Rombach, B.S.Debra Jaffe, B.S.Linda R. KozuraSarah V. Smithson

Visiting ScientistsAna Mijares ArévaloFrederick Gould, Ph.D.Guo-xun LiH. Stuart Whitney, Ph.D.

Program SecretariesDeborah D. Bridwell, B.S.Suzette A. NotiMary E. Westlake

USDA Plant Protection Research UnitRichard S. Soper, Ph.D., Research LeaderRichard A. Humber, Ph.D.Raymond I. Carruthers, Ph.D.Tadeusz J. Poprawski, Ph.D.Tariq Butt, Ph.D.Ann E. Hajek, Ph.D.David Holdom, Ph.D.Timothy S. Larkin, M.FA.Leslie D. Buck, B.A.Heidi Firstencel, B.S.Kirsten Hural, M.S.Robert J. Mackay-Wood, B.S.Mark E. Ramos, B.S.Mary-Lynn CummingsWilliam Ramoska, Ph.D., Visiting ProfessorTravis R. Glare, M.S., Student AssistantMeredith K. Healy, SecretaryTammy Robison, SecretaryKathryn L. Warner, Secretary

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorEdward H. Buckley, Ph.D.Jay S. Jacobson, Ph.D.

David C. MacLean, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.John A. Laurence, Ph.D.Richard H. Mandl, B.A.Robert G. Amundson, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.Ruth Alscher, Ph.D.James L. Ellenson, Ph.D.Ariena H. C. Van Bruggen, Ph.D.Robert E. Schneider, B.S.Luke J. Colavito, B.S.Laurence I. Heller, B.S.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Jeffrey J. Melkonian, M.S.Richard M. Raba, B.S.Paul Van Leuken,John J. Chiment, Ph.D.Scott H. Wettlaufer, M.S.Karen S. Hansen, B.S.Karen E. Yamada, B.S.John L. Bower, B.S.Paul S. King, B.S.Joseph F Osmeloski, B.S.Martha L. Voland, M.S.Jonathan S. Becker, B.S.Suzanne D. Fellows, B.S.Janet M. BuckleySteven J. HogeboonPeter RonchiDarryl E. RutledgeSarah V SmithsonWarren R. Zipfel

Visiting ScientistsGuo-hui KongHong-sheng Zhang

Program SecretariesColleen Sloan-MackoMary E. Westlake

Nitrogen and Crop YieldsThomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.Allan R. J. Eaglesham, Ph.D.David L. Sirois, Ph.D.Aladar A. Szalay Ph.D.Jeffrey S. La Favre, Ph.D.William H. R. Langridge, Ph.D.Roman P Legocki, Ph.D.John D. Noti, Ph.D.

Visiting ProfessorsAdam Kondorosi, Ph.D.Eva Kondorosi, Ph.D.Olof Olsson, Ph.D.Norio Suganuma, Ph.D.

Visiting ScientistsEric Bien, M.S.Shayem Dube, Ph.D.Otto Folkerts, Ir.Pierre Golubinoff, M.S.Alice Harmon, M.S.Csaba Koncz, Ph.D.Istvan Torok, Ph.D.Drora Zenvirth, Ph.D.Elisabeth Goyvaerts, M.S.

Plant StressRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., Program DirectorA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D.

Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.Harry W Mussell, Ph.D.Pierre-Yves Bouthyette, Ph.D.Adrienne K. La Favre, Ph.D.Thomas J. Wolpert, Ph.D.Srirama M. Bhairi, Ph.D.Lynn Epstein, Ph.D.Reinhard Tiburzy Ph.D.Lucille B. Laccetti, B.S.Richard A. Glenister, B.S.Pauline Freve, B.S.Mary B. Stimmel, B.S.M. Mitsu Suyemoto, M.S.Linda R. Kozura

Program SecretariesDeborah D. Bridwell, B.S.Joanne Martin, A.A.S.

Visiting ScientistDefang Huang, Ph.D.

AdministrationRalph W. E. Hardy, Ph.D., PresidentRoy A. Young, Ph.D. President, Retired August 31Greta M. Colavito, M.Mus. Corporate SecretaryJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., C.M.A. TreasurerFrederic A. Williams, B.S. Dir. of Public Affairs

Business OfficeNancy N. DeLuca, B.S.Sheila S. Enstine, A.A.S.Joanne M. Oltz, A.A.S., A.S.Elizabeth M. PanzReceptionist: Joan E. Cole

Support ServicesAnalyticalJ. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D. Anthony Grefig, B.S.

ComputerRichard H. Mandl, B.A.

Electron MicroscopeRobert R. Granados, Ph.D.Lisa M. Austin, B.S.

GreenhouseMerritt C. Compton, ManagerMaureen Baker-Sandsted, B.A.Johanna M. BakerJohn R. Kozura, B.S.Brenda Stanton-Ryan, B.S.

IllustrationTana L. Ebaugh, B.S., A.L.Tg.John E. Austin, B.A.William G. Smith, Jr., R.B.P

LibraryGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus.

MechanicalLarry J. Willard, A.A.S., ForemanDonald A. Slocum, A.A

Secretarial CoordinationJoanne Martin, A.A.S.

STAFF - 1987

Biological ControlRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorPatrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.J. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D.Donald W Roberts, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Kathleen G. Dwyer, Ph.D.Michiel Rombach, Ph.D.Nikolai van Beek, Ph.D.Stephen P Wraight, Ph.D.Yu-Chan Chao, Ph.D.Michael B. Dimock, Ph.D.Pieter H. Flore, Ph.D.Russell R. Gettig, Ph.D.Sandeep Gupta, Ph.D.Yoshifumi Hashimoto, Ph.D.Kusum Sachdev-Gupta, Ph.D.Ian R. L. Smith, Ph.D.Celia D. Radke, B.S.Anja Derksen, M.S.Gary J. Dolce, B.S.Stephen R. Krueger, M.S.Leslie Allee, B.S.Barbara B. Booker, B.S.Laura B. Campbell, M.S.Brian Florence, B.A.Lyn G. Gallo, B.S.Lori C. Gardner, M.S.Janet E. Kazimir, M.S.Gertrude M. Rombach, B.S.Deborah Jaffe, B.S.Lisa L. Kish, B.A.Linda R. KozuraSarah V. SmithsonClayton F. Weeks, B.S.Mark S. Goettel, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistGuo-xun Li, Visiting ScientistAnthony W. Sweeney, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistDeborah D. Bridwell, B.S., Program SecretarySusan J. Cole, Program SecretaryJoanne Martin, A.A.S., Program SecretaryLorie A. Morris, Sec. Cert., Program SecretarySuzette A. Noti, Program SecretaryMary E. Westlake, Program Secretary

USDA Plant Protection Research UnitRichard S. Soper, Ph.D., Research LeaderRichard A. Humber, Ph.D.Raymond I. Carruthers, Ph.D.Alan J. Sawyer, Ph.D.Tadeusz J. Poprawski, Ph.D.Tariq Butt, Ph.D.Ann E. Hajek, Ph.D.David Holdom, Ph.D.Timothy S. Larkin, M.F.A.Mark E. Ramos, B.S.Heidi Firstencel, B.S.Robert J. Mackay Wood, B.S.Lorraine M. Marold, B.S.Christopher KauffmanKathryn L. Warner, SecretaryTravis R. Glare, M.S., Student Assistant

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorJay S. Jacobson, Ph.D.

David C. MacLean, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.John A. Laurence, Ph.D.Richard H. Mandl, B.A.Robert G. Amundson, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.Jean F. Chabot, Ph.D.Ruth Alscher, Ph.D.Norman Lalancette, Ph.D.Yung-sing Li, Ph.D.Mandy M. Raab, Ph.D.Robert E. Schneider, B.S.Luke J. Colavito, B.S.Laurence I. Heller, B.S.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Jeffrey J. Melkonian, M.S.Richard M. Raba, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.Karen S. Hansen, B.S.Paul S. King, B.S.Paul R. Wetzel, M.S.Karen E. Yamada, B.S.Jonathan S. Becker, B.S.Joseph F. Osmeloski, B.S.Martha L. Voland, M.S.Suzanne D. Fellows, B.S.Cindy A. Lathrop, B.A.Warren R. Zipfel, B.S.Laura B. Zucker, B.S.Twylene M. BethardSteven J. HogeboonChristopher J. Kjellmark, B.S.Scott C. Manchester, B.S.Terry NeissElizabeth L. NormanDarryl E. RutledgeLorie A. Morris, Sec. Cert., Program SecretaryColleen Sloan-Macko, Program SecretaryMary E. Westlake, Program Secretary

Nitrogen and Crop YieldsThomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.Allan R. J. Eaglesham, Ph.D.David L. Sirois, Ph.D.Aladar A. Szalay, Ph.D.William H. R. Langridge, Ph.D.John D. Noti, Ph.D.Bertrand D. Eardly, Ph.D.Jeffrey C. Fearn, Ph.D.Barbara E. Kneen, M.S.John E. Austin, B.A.Joan M. Ellis, B.S.Susan K. Peirce, M.S.Ilene L. Friedman, B.S.Darlene M. Hagens, B.S.Lora T. Messing, B.S.Victoria S. SchiffSusan J. Cole, Program SecretaryJoanne Martin, A.A.S., Program SecretaryLorie A. Morris, Sec. Cert., Program SecretarySuzette A. Noti, Program Secretary

Visiting ScientistsNorio Suganuma, Ph.D.Monica Baga, Ph.D.Shayem Dube, Ph.D.

Frederique C. Guinel, Ph.D.Csaba Koncz, Ph.D.Olof Olsson, Ph.D.Orly Tadmor, Ph.D.Klaus-Sten Thomson, Ph.D.

Plant StressRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., Program DirectorEdward H. Buckley, Ph.D.A. Carl Leopold, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.Harry W Mussell, Ph.D.Srirama M. Bhairi, Ph.D.Adrienne K. La Favre, Ph.D.Thomas J. Wolpert, Ph.D.Raymond J. St. Leger, Ph.D.Thilak K. Subbaiah, Ph.D.Lucille B. Laccetti, B.S.Richard A. Glenister, B.S.Scott H. Pauline Freve, B.S.Lorie A. Morris, Sec. Cert., Program SecretaryColleen Sloan-Macko, Program SecretaryMary E. Westlake, Program Secretary

Visiting ScientistDafang Huang, Ph.D.

AdministrationRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D. PresidentGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus. Executive AssistantD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D. Corporate SecretaryJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., C.M.A. TreasurerFrederic A. Williams, B.S. Dir. of Public Affairs

Business OfficeNancy N. DeLuca, B.S. Business Office CoordinatorSheila S. Enstine, A.A.S. Personnel Assistant, Coordinator of Employee Benefits and InsuranceJoanne O. Carruthers, A.A.S., A.S.Elizabeth M. PanzJoan E. Cole, Receptionist

Support ServicesJ. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D., AnalyticalAnthony Grefig, B.S., AnalyticalRichard H. Mandl, B.A., ComputerRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Electron MicroscopeNancy W. Rizzo, B.S., Electron MicroscopeCharles E. Tutton, Farm ManagerMerritt C. Compton, Greenhouse ManagerMaureen Baker-Sandsted, B.A., GreenhouseJohanna M. Baker, GreenhouseBrian K. Bell, A.A.S., GreenhouseBetsy A. Ingall, B.S., GreenhouseJohn R. Kozura, B.S., GreenhouseBrenda Stanton-Ryan, B.S., GreenhouseTana L. Ebaugh, B.S., A.L.Tg., GraphicsJohn E. Austin, B.A., GraphicsPerry O: Dennis, M.L.S., LibraryLarry J. Willard, A.A.S., Mechanical ForemanDonald A. Slocum, A.A.S., MechanicalJoanne Martin, A.A.S., Secretarial CoordinationGarry J. Fowler, Stockroom ManagerCourtney A. McLean, Stockroom Manager (to Sept.)David M. Houghtalen, Stockroom

STAFF - 1988

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorJohn A. Laurence, Ph.D.Jay S. Jacobson, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.Robert G. Amundson, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.Richard H. Mandl, B.A.Jean Fincher, Ph.D.Ruth Alscher, Ph.D.Julian L. Hadley, Ph.D.Norman Lalancette, Ph.D.Li Yung-sing, Ph.D.Mandy M. Raab, Ph.D.Ashima Sen Gupta, Ph.D.Robert E. Schneider, B.S.Luke J. Colavito, B.S.Laurence I. Heller, B.S.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Jeffrey J. Melkonian, M.S.Richard M. Raba, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.Karen S. Hansen, B.S.Paul S. King, B.S.Monica E. Lier-Bolsinger, M.S.Martha L. Voland, M.S.Paul R. Wetzel, M.S.Karen E. Yamada, B.S.Roopa Dalal, M.S.Suzanne D. Fellows, B.S.Joseph F. Osmeloski, B.S.Isabel Arias, B.S.William A. Bicknell, B.A.Christopher J. Kjellmark, B.S.Scott C. Manchester, B.S.Warren R. Zipfel, B.S.Laura B. Zucker, B.S.Twylene M. BethardColleen Sloan-MackoMartin Bolsinger, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistHedda Schlegel, M.S., Visiting ScientistZhang Yao-min, Visiting Scientist

Plant Molecular BiologyStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Program DirectorCandace W. Collmer, Ph.D.Chen Hsu-Ching, Ph.D.John J. Schwarz, Ph.D.Laura M. Stenzler, B.S.Victoria S. SchiffMary E. Westlake

Plant ProductionRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., Program DirectorThomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.Allan R. J. Eaglesham, Ph.D.David L. Sirois, Ph.D.Jeffrey C. Fearn, Ph.D.Frederique C. Guinel, Ph.D.Barbara E. Kneen, M. S.Richard A. Glenister, B.S.Scott H. Wettlaufer, M.S.Joan M. Ellis, B.S.Darlene M. Hagens, B.S.Wu Qindong, M.S.Victoria S. SchiffMary E. Westlake

Norio Suganuma, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistTeresa Bengochea, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistTran P. Duong, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistMariangela Hungria, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistPaul Kriedemann, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistDaphne J. Osborne, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistJose Peña, Ph.D., Visiting Scientist

Plant ProtectionRobert R. Granados, Ph.D. Program DirectorEdward H. Buckley, Ph.D.Patrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.Donald W. Roberts, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Harry W. Mussell, Ph.D.Srirama M. Bhairi, Ph.D.Michiel Rombach, Ph.D.Kusum Sachdev-Gupta, Ph.D.Raymond J. St. Leger, Ph.D.Thomas J. Wolpert, Ph.D.Stephen P. Wraight, Ph.D.Chao Yu-Chan, Ph.D.Cho Toohyon, Ph.D.Sandeep Gupta, Ph.D.Yoshifumi Hashimoto, Ph.D.Stuart B. Krasnoff, Ph.D.Ian R. L. Smith, Ph.D.Nikolai van Beek, Ph.D.Lucille B. Laccetti, M.S.Celia D. Radke, B.S.Leslie Allee, B.S.Gary J. Dolce, B.S.Martha T. Hamblin, M.S.Stephen R. Krueger, M.S.Pauline Freve, B.S.Mary B. Stimmel, B.S.Barbara B. Booker, B.S.Lyn G. Gallo, B.S.Lori C. Gardner, M.S.Deborah Jaffe, B.S.Janet E. Kazimir, M.S.Gertrude M. Rombach, B.S.Nancy L. Underwood, B.S.Lisa L. Kish, B.A.Seth Taylor, B.S.Wang Lu, M.S.Zheng Chuanhai, B.S.Janwillem Zwiers, B.S.Jean A. FrankClayton F. Weeks, B.S.Mark S. Goettel, Ph.D.Dafang HuangLi Guo-xunAntonio S. Martins, Ph.D.Hugo P. H. Peeters, Ph.D.Anthony W. Sweeney, Ph.D.Lorie A. Morris, Sec. Cert., Program Secretary

USDA Plant Protection Research UnitRaymond I. Carruthers, Ph.D., Lead ScientistRichard A. Humber, Ph.D.Alan J. Sawyer, Ph.D.Tadeusz J. Poprawski, Ph.D.Tariq Butt, Ph.D.Ann E. Hajek, Ph.D.David G. Holdom, Ph.D.

Timothy S. Larkin, M.F.A.Mark E. Ramos, B.S.Heidi Firstencel, B.S.Lorraine M. Marold, B.S.Michael H. Griggs, M.S.Lori A. Postie, B.S.

AdministrationRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., PresidentGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., Executive AssistantD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Corporate SecretaryJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., C.M.A., TreasurerFrederic A. Williams, B.S., Dir. of Public Affairs

Chair ScientistsStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Boyce Schulze Downey ScientistA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D., William H. Crocker ScientistRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., George L. McNew ScientistLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., William B. Thompson Scientist

Support ServicesBusiness OfficeNancy N. DeLuca, B.S., Business Office CoordinatorSheila S. Enstine, A.A.S. , Personnel Assistant, Coordinator of Employee Benefits and InsuranceJoanne 0. Carruthers, A.A.S., A.S.Michele A. HansenElizabeth M. Panz

ComputerRichard H. Mandl, B.A.

Electron MicroscopeRobert R. Granados, Ph.D.Nancy W. Rizzo, B.S.

FarmCharles R. Tutton, Manager

GreenhouseMerritt C. Compton, ManagerJohanna M. BakerBrian K. Bell, A.A.S.Betsy A. Ingall, B.S.James K. Wilde, A.A.S.

IllustrationTana L. Ebaugh, B.S., L.A.Tg., ManagerJohn E. Austin, B.A.Amy E. Bragdon, B.A.

LibraryPerry O. Dennis, M.L.S.

MechanicalLarry J. Willard, A.A.S ForemanDonald A. Slocum, A.A.S.

ReceptionJoan E. Cole

SecretarialJoanne Martin, A.A.S. Coordinator

StockroomGarry J. Fowler ManagerMichele A. Hansen

STAFF - 1989

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorJohn A. Laurence, Ph.D.Jay S. Jacobson, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.Robert G. Amundson, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.Richard H. Mandl, B.A.Jean Fincher, Ph.D.Michelle A. Briggs, Ph.D.Julian L. Hadley, Ph.D.Mandy M. Raab, Ph.D.Ashima Sen Gupta, Ph.D.Robert E. Schneider, B.S.Luke J. Colavito, B.S.Laurence l. Heller, B.S.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Jeffrey J. Melkonian, M.S.Richard M. Raba, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.Karen S. Hansen, B.S.Paul S. King, B.S.Suzanne D. Fellows, B.S.Monica E. Lien-Bolsinger, M.S.Jeanne A. Panek, B.S.Martha L. Voland, M.S.Paul R. Wetzel,Isabel Arias, B.S.William A. Bicknell, B.A.Dina El-Mogazi, B.S.Christopher J. Kjellmark, B.S.Beth Albrecht, B.A.Twylene M. BethardDeborah L. Ainslie, B.S.Aileen Brew, B.A. JJames Brewster, B.S.Aaron HughesDavid B. LeonardColleen Sloan-MackoMartin Bolsinger, Ph.D.Ian R. Johnson, Ph.D.Andreas Roloff, Ph.D.Robert Slocum, Ph.D.

Plant Molecular BiologyStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Program DirectorRobert L. Last, Ph.D.David B. Stern, Ph.D.Candace W. Collmer, Ph.D.Chen Hsu-Ching, Ph.D.Scott M. Leisner, Ph.D.John J. Schwarz, Ph.D.Anne F. Wrona, Ph.D.Gary M. Toukatly, B.S.Laura M. Stenzler, B.S.Cynthia C. Adams, M.S.Victoria S. SchiffMary E. Westlake, Program Secretary

Visiting ScientistMollie M. Kyle, Ph.D.

Plant ProductionRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., Program DirectorEdward H. Buckley, Ph.D.

Thomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.David L. Sirois, Ph.D.Sheila Blackman, Ph.D.Jeffrey C. Fearn, Ph.D.Frederique C. Guinel, Ph.D.Elzbieta T. Marek, Ph.D.Mark P. Staves, Ph.D.Richard A. Glenister, B.S.Scott H. Wettlaufer, M.S.Joan M. Ellis, B.S.Fu Yan, M.S.Mary E. Westlake, Program Secretary

Visiting ScientistsTeresa Bengochea, Ph.D.Irma Bernal-Lugo, Ph.D.Mariangela Hungria, Ph.D.Daphne J. Osborne, Ph.D.

Plant ProtectionRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorPatrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.Donald W. Roberts, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Harry W. Mussell, Ph.D.Srirama M. Bhairi, Ph.D.Michiel Rombach, Ph.D.Kusum Sachdev-Gupta, Ph.D.Raymond J. St. Leger, Ph.D.Thomas J. Wolpert, Ph.D.Stephen P. Wraight, Ph.D.Ann E. Hajek, Ph.D.Bartholomew G. Corsaro, Ph.D.Cho Toohyon, Ph.D.Eileen Epstein, Ph.D.Sandeep Gupta, Ph.D.Stuart B. Krasnoff, Ph.D.Stephen R. Krueger, Ph.D.Ian R. L. Smith, Ph.D.Nikolai van Beek, Ph.D.Lucille B. Laccetti, M.S.Celia D. Radke, B.S.Leslie Allee, B.S.Martha T. Hamblin, M.S.Mark E. Ramos, B.S.Mary B. Stimmel, B.S.Lyn G. Gallo, B.S.Deborah Jaffe, B.S.Gertrude M. Rombach, B.S.Nancy L. Underwood, B.S.Wang Lu, M.S.David C. Frank, B.S.Magdeline Laba, B.S.Janwillem Zwiers, B.S.Johanna M. BakerJean A. FrankMichelle M. Montague, B.S., Program Secretary

Visiting ScientistsLuiz C. Loch, Ph.D.Antonio S. Martins, M.S.Vladimir Matha, Ph.D.Hugo P.H. Peeters, Ph.D.Anthony W. Sweeney, Ph.D.Yu Zailin, M.S.

Ping Wang, M.S.AdministrationRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., PresidentGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., Executive AssistantD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Corporate SecretaryJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., C.M.A., TreasurerFrederic A. Williams, B.S., Director of Public Affairs

Chair ScientistsStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Boyce Schulze Downey ScientistA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D., William H. Crocker ScientistRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., George L. McNew ScientistLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., William B. Thompson Scientist

Support ServicesBusiness OfficeNancy N. DeLuca, B.S., Business Office CoordinatorJoanne O. Carruthers, A.A.S., A.S.Richard ConleyKaren DonohueMichele A. Hansen, A.A.S.Elizabeth M. Panz

ComputerRichard H. Mandl, B.A.

Electron MicroscopeRobert R. Granados, Ph.D.Roopa Dalal, M.S.Nancy W. Rizzo, B.S.

FarmCharles R. Tutton, Manager

GreenhouseMerritt C. Compton, ManagerBrian K. Bell, A.A.S.Betsy A. Ingall, B.S.James K. Wilde, A.A.S.

IllustrationTana L. Ebaugh, B.S., L.A.Tg., ManagerJohn E. Austin, B.A.Amy E. Bragdon, B.A.Satya Rhodes-Conway

LibraryMyra S. Gross, M.L.S.Perry O. NicholsMarly C. Magalhães, B.S.

MechanicalLarry J. Willard, A.A.S, ForemanDonald A. Slocum, A.A.S.

ReceptionJoan E. Cole

SecretarialJoanne Martin, A.A.S. Coordinator

StockroomGarry J. Fowler, ManagerRichard Conley

STAFF – 1990

Environmental BiologyLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., Program DirectorJohn A. Laurence, Ph.D.Jay S. Jacobson, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.Robert G. Amundson, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.Richard H. Mandl, B.A.Jean Fincher, Ph.D.Mary Arthur, Ph.D.Stephen R. Boese, Ph.D.Michelle A. Briggs, Ph.D.Julian L. Hadley, Ph.D.Luke J. Colavito, B.S.Laurence l. Heller, B.S.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Richard M. Raba, B.S.Robert E. Schneider, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.Suzanne D. Fellows, B.S.Paul S. King, B.S.Peter Woodbury, M.S.William A. Bicknell, B.A.John Gold, B.S.Christopher J. Kjellmark, B.S.Jeanne A. Panek, B.S.Alison J. Shaw, M.S.R. Scott Dexter, B.A.Harvey GitlinAaron HughesDavid A. LloydJon PriestNancy Tabor, B.S.Colleen Sloan-Macko, Program Secretary

Visiting ScientistsSharifah Aidid, Ph.D.Chen Shuyuan, M.S.Robert Slocum, Ph.D.

Plant Molecular BiologyStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Program DirectorRobert L. Last, Ph.D.David B. Stern, Ph.D.Candace W. Collmer, Ph.D.Chen Hsu-Ching, Ph.D.Scott M. Leisner, Ph.D.Ou-Lee Tsai-Mei, Ph.D.Kim D. Pruitt, Ph.D.William Rapp, Ph.D.Alan Rose, Ph.D.Wataru Sakamoto, Ph.D.John J. Schwarz, Ph.D.Anne F. Wrona, Ph.D.Laura M. Stenzler, B.S.Cynthia C. Adams, M.S.Andrea J. BarczakNicholas Fay, B.S.Sophia S. Lee, B.S.Gary M. Toukatly, B.S.David McDermittVictoria SchiffMollie M. Kyle, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistKathleen Newton, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistEdward P. Rybicki, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistMary E. Westlake, Program Secretary

Plant ProductionRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., Program DirectorEdward H. Buckley, Ph.D.Thomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.David L. Sirois, Ph.D.Sheila Blackman, Ph.D.Jeffrey C. Fearn, Ph.D.Frederique C. Guinel, Ph.D.Maureen Kelly, Ph.D.Elzbieta T. Marek, Ph.D.Mark P. Staves, Ph.D.Joan M. Ellis, B.S.Scott H. Wettlaufer, M.S.

Visiting ScientistsIrma Bernal, Ph.D.Ernesto Moreno, Ph.D.Daphne J. Osborne, Ph.D.K.L. Tao, Ph.D.

Program SecretaryMary E. Westlake

Plant ProtectionRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorPatrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.J.A.A. Renwick, Ph.D.Donald W. Roberts, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Gary W. Blissard, Ph.D.Srirama M. Bhairi, Ph.D.Sandeep Gupta, Ph.D.Kusum Sachdev-Gupta, Ph.D.Raymond J. St. Leger, Ph.D.Stephen P. Wraight, Ph.D.Bartholomew G. Corsaro, Ph.D.Stuart B. Krasnoff, Ph.D.Stephen R. Krueger, Ph.D.Karen M. Trotter, Ph.D.Xuei Xiaoling, Ph.D.Martha T. Hamblin, M.S.Celia D. Radke, B.S.Leslie Allee, B.S.Fu Yan, M.S.Lyn G. Gallo, B.S.Kevin A. McKenna, M.S.Mark E. Ramos, B.S.Mary B. Stimmel-Peeters, B.S.Ylena Yankilevskaya, M.S.David C. Frank, B.S.Magdeline Laba, B.S.Michael J. Ronemus, B.A.Nancy L. Underwood, B.S.Rosalind Wei, M.S.Xie Jiali, M.S.Johanna M. BakerJean A. FrankVisiting ScientistsUrs Hugentobler, Ph.D.Luiz C. Loch, Ph.D.Antoniko S. Martins, M.S.Ping Wang, M.S.Myrian Tigano Milani, Ph.D.Yu Zailin, M.S.Michelle M. Montague, B.S., Program Secretary

AdministrationRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., PresidentGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., Executive AssistantD. C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Corporate SecretaryJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., C.M.A., TreasurerFrederic A. Williams, B.S., Dir. of Public Affairs

Chair ScientistsStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Boyce Schulze Downey ScientistA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D., William H. Crocker ScientistRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., George L. McNew ScientistLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., William B. Thompson Scientist

Support ServicesBusiness OfficeNancy N. DeLuca, B.S., Business Office CoordinatorJoanne 0. Carruthers, A.A.S., A.S.Richard ConleyKaren DonohueMichele A. Hansen, A.A.S.

ComputerRichard H. Mandl, B.A.

Electron MicroscopeRobert R. Granados, Ph.D.Rhea E. Garen, B.A.

FarmCharles R. Tutton, Manager

GreenhouseMerritt C. Compton, ManagerBrian K. Bell, A.A.S.Kara Hagedorn, B.S.Betsy A. Ingall, B.S.James K. Wilde, A.A.S.

IllustrationTana L. Ebaugh, B.S., L.A.Tg., ManagerJohn E. Austin, B.A.J. Kimberly HemphillSatya Rhodes-Conway

LibrarySherry L. Hoard Ashton, M.S.Myra S. Gross, M.Ed., M.L.S.Marly C. Magalhães, B.S.Neusa M.C. Queiroz, B.S.

MechanicalDonald A. Slocum, A.A.S.Larry J. Willard, A.A.S

ReceptionCindy L. AndersonBetty Ann Holden

Secretarial CoordinatorsJoanne Martin, A.A.S.Anne C. S. Zientek, B.S.

StockroomGarry J. Fowler, ManagerRichard ConleySean L. Jenkins

STAFF - 1991

Environmental BiologyJohn A. Laurence, Ph.D., Program DirectorLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D.Jay S. Jacobson, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.Robert G. Amundson, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.Jean Fincher, Ph.D.David A. Weinstein, Ph.D.Mary A. Arthur, Ph.D.Stephen R. Boese, Ph.D.Michelle A. Briggs, Ph.D.Julian L. Hadley, Ph.D.Ruth D. Yanai, Ph.D.Ronald M. Beloin, M.S.Laurence I. Heller, B.S.Paul S. King, B.S.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Richard M. Raba, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.Suzanne D. Fellows, B.S.Alison J. Shaw, M.S.Peter Woodbury, M.S.Horacio J. Buscaglia, M.S.April P. Claggett, B.A.Stephen D. Ebbs, B.S.Dina El-Mogazi, B.S.John Gold, B.S.Deborah L. Ainslie, B.S.Harvey GitlinDavid A. LloydJo Lynne Perry, B.S.Jon M. PriestLudger Starmann, M.S.George M. Steenrod, B.A.Nancy Taber, B.S.Barbara L. Warland, M.Div., Program Secretary

Visiting ScientistsHedda K. Schlegel, Ph.D.Jing Zhang, M.S.

Plant Molecular BiologyStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Program DirectorRobert L. Last, Ph.D.David B. Stern, Ph.D.Hsu-Ching Chen, Ph.D.Qiuyun Chen, Ph.D.John Ingersoll, Ph.D.Scott M. Leisner, Ph.D.Jiayang Li, Ph.D.Tsai-Mei Ou-Lee, Ph.D.Kim D. Pruitt, Ph.D.William Rapp, Ph.D.Alan Rose, Ph.D.Wataru Sakamoto, Ph.D.Nancy R. Sturm, Ph.D.Cynthia C. Adams, M.S.Susan L. Mack, B.S.Laura M. Stenzler, B.S.Lori Armstrong, B.S.Andrea J. BarczakSophia S. Lee, B.S.Kathleen Newton, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistEdward P. Rybicki, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistMary E. Westlake, Program Secretary

Plant ProductionRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., Program DirectorEdward H. Buckley, Ph.D.Thomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.Sheila Blackman, Ph.D.Jeffrey C. Fearn, Ph.D.Frederique C. Guinel, Ph.D.Maureen Kelly, Ph.D.Jiang Lu, Ph.D.Scott H. Wettlaufer, M.S.Susan M. Bartow, B.A.Mary E. Westlake, Administrative Secretary

Visiting ScientistsIrma Bernal, Ph.D.Ernesto Moreno, Ph.D.Daphne J. Osborne, Ph.D.K.L. Tao, Ph.D.

Plant ProtectionRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorPatrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.J.A.A. Renwick, Ph.D.Donald W. Roberts, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Gary W. Blissard, Ph.D.Srirama M. Bhairi, Ph.D.Bartholomew G. Corsaro, Ph.D.Sandeep Gupta, Ph.D.Ann E. Hajek, Ph.D.Kusum Sachdev-Gupta, Ph.D.Raymond J. St. Leger, Ph.D.Carole A.S. Cheah, Ph.D.Thomas R. Davis, Ph.D.Xinpei Huang, Ph.D.Philip H. Kogan, Ph.D.Stephen R. Krueger, Ph.D.Karen M. Trotter, Ph.D.Xaoling Xuei, Ph.D.Celia D. Radke, B.S.Leslie Allee, B.S.Yan Fu, M.S.Yelena Kanter, M.S.Kevin A. McKenna, M.S.Mark E. Ramos, B.S.Victoria J. Baldwin, B.A.Xiaoying Chen, M.S.David C. Frank, B.S.Karen M. Goodhart, B.S.James G. Hoch, M.S.Magdeline Laba, B.S.Melanie A. McDonald, B.A.Michael J. Ronemus, B.A.Rosalind Wei, M.S.John R. Wenz, B.S.Jiali Xie, M.S.Jean A. FrankJo Lynne Perry, B.S.Michael M. Wheeler, B.S.

Visiting ScientistsFrancesco B. Fernández, M.S.Ibrahim H.M. Heikal, Ph.D.Antonio S. Martins, M.S.Rejane Rocha de Moraes, B.S.Ping Wang, M.S.

Zailin Yu, M.S.Tomás G. Zoebisch, Ph.D.Michelle M. Montague, B.S, Program Secretary

AdministrationRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., PresidentGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., Executive AssistantJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., C.M.A., Treasurer,Acting Corporate SecretaryRobert J. Kohut, Ph.D., Direction of Operation,Personnel DirectorFrederic A. Williams, B.S., Dir. of Public Affairs

Chair ScientistsStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Boyce Schulze Downey ScientistA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D., William H. Crocker ScientistRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., George L. McNew ScientistLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., William B. Thompson Scientist

Support ServicesBusiness OfficeNancy N. DeLuca, B.S., Business Office CoordinatorJoanne O. Carruthers, A.A.S., A.S.Josephine Carcich, M.S.W.Karen DonohueKimberley A. Huizinga

Electron MicroscopeRobert R. Granados, Ph.D.Rhea E. Garen, B.A.

FarmCharles R. Tutton, Manager

GraphicsTana L. Ebaugh, B.S., L.A.Tg., ManagerJohn E. Austin, B.A.J. Kimberly Hemphill

GreenhouseMerritt C. Compton, ManagerBrian K. Bell, A.A.S.Lisa BrownKara Hagedorn, B.S.Betsy A. Ingall, B.S.

LibrarySherry L. Hoard Ashton, M.S.Neusa M.C. Queiroz, B.S.

MechanicalLarry J. Willard, A.A.S , ForemanDonald A. Slocum, A.A.S.

PersonnelAnne C. S. Zientek, B.S., Coordinator

ReceptionBetty Ann Holden

Secretarial CoordinatorsJoanne Martin, A.A.S.Anne C. S. Zientek, B.S.

StockroomGarry J. Fowler Manager/BuyerSean L. Jenkins

.

STAFF - 1992

Environmental BiologyJohn A. Laurence, Ph.D. , Program DirectorRobert J. Kohut, Ph.D., Acting Program DirectorLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D.Jay S. Jacobson, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.Robert G. Amundson, Ph.D.Mary A. Topa, Ph.D.David A. Weinstein, Ph.D.Ruth D. Yanai, Ph.D.Mary A. Arthur, Ph.D.Stephen R. Boese, Ph.D.Ronald M. Beloin, M.S.Laurence l. Heller, B.S.Paul S. King, B.S.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Richard M. Raba, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.Dina El-Mogazi, B.S.Alison J. Shaw, M.S.Peter Woodbury, M.S.Charles M. Dardia, B.S.Brian Gollands, M.S.Julia Hertl, M.S.Kerry R. Kleckner, B.S.Janis C. Kohler, B.S.Karl J. Livergood, B.S.David McDermittJon M. Priest, B.S.Cheryl L. SisakNancy Tabor, B.S.Barbara L. Warland, M.Div., Admin. Secretary

Plant Molecular BiologyStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Program DirectorRobert L. Last, Ph.D.David B. Stern, Ph.D.Scott M. Leisner, Ph.D.William Rapp, Ph.D.Qiuyun Chen, Ph.D.Patricia Conklin, Ph.D.Andrew E. Fidler, Ph.D.John Ingersoll, Ph.D.Laurie G. Landry, Ph.D.Jiayang Li, Ph.D.Francis A. Osborne, Ph.D.Tsai-Mei Ou-Lee, Ph.D.Kim D. Pruitt, Ph.D.Alan Rose, Ph.D.Olanrewaju A. Sodeinde, Ph.D.Wataru Sakamoto, Ph.D.Nancy R. Sturm, Ph.D.Laura M. Stenzler, B.S.Cynthia C. Adams, M.S.Susan L. Mack, B.S.Lori Armstrong, B.S.Andrea J. BarczakLynn A. Usack, B.S.Joyce ForlanoGraham ParksMary E. Westlake. Admin. Secretary

Plant ProductionRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., Program DirectorA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D.Thomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.Sheila Blackman, Ph.D.Jiang Lu, Ph.D.Wenquan Sun, Ph.D.Douglas D. Taylor, Ph.D.Scott H. Wettlaufer, M.S.Barbara E. Kneen, M.S.Susan M. Bartow, B.A.Mary E. Westlake, Administrative Secretary

Visiting ScientistsIrma Bernal-Lugo, Ph.D.Svetlana Temnykh, M.S.

Plant ProtectionRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorRichard C. Staples, Ph.D.Patrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.J.A.A. Renwick, Ph.D.Donald W. Roberts, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Gary W. Blissard, Ph.D.Ann E. Hajek, Ph.D.Bartholomew G. Corsaro, Ph.D.Sandeep Gupta, Ph.D.Kusum Sachdev-Gupta, Ph.D.Raymond J. St. Leger, Ph.D.Frank A. Cantone, Ph.D.Thomas R. Davis, Ph.D.Mark Gijzen, Ph.D.Xinpei Huang, Ph.D.Urs Hugentobler, Ph.D.Philip H. Kogan, Ph.D.Leslie Lepore, Ph.D.Scott Monsma, Ph.D.Randall W. Renshaw, Ph.D.Peter W. Roelvink, Ph.D.Karen M. Trotter, Ph.D.Celia D. Radke, B.S.Leslie Allee, B.S.Kevin A. McKenna, M.S.Yuhong Xu, M.S.Victoria J. Baldwin, B.A.Xiaoying Chen, M.S.Karen M. Goodhart, B.S.Betsy A. Ingall, B.S.Michael J. Ronemus, B.A.John R. Wenz, B.S.Kevin M. Bane, B.S.Catherine CauffieldMichelle A. NovelDavid M. Stagliano, B.S.Varykina G. Thackray, B.A.Michael M. Wheeler, B.S.

Program SecretaryMichelle M. Montague, B.S

Visiting ScientistsCarlos Andrade, Ph.D.Michael Bidochka, Ph.D.Brian Bournival, Ph.D.Dafang Huang, Ph.D.

AdministrationRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., PresidentGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., Executive AssistantJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., C.M.A., TreasurerRobert J. Kohut, Ph.D., Dir. of Operations, Personnel DirectorFrederic A. Williams, B.S., Dir. of Public Affairs

Chair ScientistsRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Charles E. Palm ScientistStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Boyce Schulze Downey ScientistA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D., William H. Crocker ScientistRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., George L. McNew ScientistLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., William B. Thompson Scientist

Support ServicesBusiness OfficeNancy N. DeLuca, B.S., Office CoordinatorJoanne O. Carruthers, A.A.S., A.S.Josephine M. Carcich, M.S.W.Karen Donohue, B.A.Michele A. Hansen, A.A.S.

FarmCharles R. Tutton, Manager

GraphicsTana L. Ebaugh, B.S., L.A.Tg., ManagerJohn E. Austin, B.A.J. Kimberly Hemphill

GreenhouseMerritt C. Compton, ManagerBrian K. Bell, A.A.S.Eric Brennan, B.S.Linda BrownDavid Goddard

LibrarySherry L. Hoard Ashton, M.S., LibrarianMarly C. Magalhães, B.S.Cheryl L. Sisak

MechanicalLarry J. Willard, A.A.S., ForemanDonald A. Slocum, A.A.S.

PersonnelAnne C.S. Zientek, B.S.

ReceptionBetty Ann Holden

StockroomGarry J. Fowler Manager /BuyerSean L. Jenkins

.

STAFF - 1993

Environmental BiologyJohn A. Laurence, Ph.D., Program DirectorJay S. Jacobson, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.Robert G. Amundson, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.Jonathan P. ComstockMary A. Topa, Ph.D.David A. Weinstein, Ph.D.Leonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., ConsultantRuth D. Yanai, Ph.D.Stephen R. Boese, Ph.D.Jeffrey S. Kuehny, Ph.D.William A. Retzlaff, Ph.D.Ronald M. Beloin, M.S.Laurence Heller, B.S.Paul S. King, B.S.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Richard M. Raba, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.Peter Woodbury, M.S.Dina El-Mogazi, B.S.Brian Gollands, M.S.Dorothy M.H. Watson, M.S.Charles M. Dardia, B.S.Kathrina Helinski, B.S.Janis Kohler, B.S.Nancy Richards, B.S.Cheryl L. Sisak, B.S.David McDermitt, B.S.Kerry KlecknerHolly Taylor, B.S.

Administrative SecretaryBarbara L. Warland, M.Div.

Plant ProductionRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., Program DirectorA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D.Thomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.Wenquan Sun, Ph.D.Douglas D. Taylor, Ph.D.Scott H. Wettlaufer, M.S.Lina DeGregorio, B.S.

Visiting ScientistsIrma Bernal-Lugo, Ph.D.Allan R. J. Eaglesham, Ph.D.Svetlana Temnykh, M.S.

Administrative SecretaryMary E. Westlake

Plant Molecular BiologyStephen H. Howell, Ph.D.,. Program DirectorRobert L. Last, Ph.D.David B. Stern, Ph.D.William Rapp, Ph.D.Alan Rose, Ph.D.Wataru Sakamoto, Ph.D.Qiuyun Chen, Ph.D.Patricia Conklin, Ph.D.Robert Drager, Ph.D.Andrew E. Fidler, Ph.D.Laurie G. Landry, Ph.D.Jiayang Li, Ph.D.

Francis A. Osborne, Ph.D.Kim D. Pruitt, Ph.D.John Sheahan, Ph.D.Olanrewaju A. Sodeinde, Ph.D.Nancy R. Sturm, Ph.D.Jianjun Yang, Ph.D.Jianmin Zhao, Ph.D.Laura M. Stenzler, B.S.Lori Armstrong, B.S.Andrea J. BarczakAngelina G.F.S. Caoile, B.S.Lynn A. Usack, B.S.Chin-yin Tai, M.S.Richard ClarkJoyce Forlano

Visiting ScientistsHyeonsook Cheong, Ph.D.Tom Mitchell-Olds, Ph.D.Douglas P. Ormrod, Ph.D.Kyu-sang Song

Administrative SecretaryMary E. WestlakeHeather Townsend

Plant ProtectionRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorRichard C. Staples, Ph.D.Patrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.J.A.A. Renwick, Ph.D.Donald W. Roberts, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Gary W. Blissard, Ph.D.Ann E. Hajek, Ph.D.Raymond J. St. Leger, Ph.D.Srirama M. Bhairi, Ph.D.Thomas R. Davis, Ph.D.Frank Cantone, Ph.D.Meena Haribal, Ph.D.Xinpei Huang, Ph.D.Philip H. Kogan, Ph.D.Leslie Lepore, Ph.D.Scott Monsma, Ph.D.Randall W. Renshaw, Ph.D.Peter W. Roelvink, Ph.D.Karen M. Trotter, Ph.D.Celia D. Radke, B.S.Caroline F.M. Groenendyk, M.S.Leslie Allee, B.S.Kevin A. McKenna, M.S.Antonius G.P. Oomens, M.S.Yuhong Xu, M.S.Cathy Jo Champion, B.S.Xiaoying Chen, M.S.Betsy A. Ingall, B.S.Kevin J. Kennedy, B.S.Graham Parks, B.S.Jo Lynn Perry, B.S.Holly Taylor, B.S.Michael M. Wheeler, B.S.Scott Yong, B.S.Regina Allen, A.S.Michelle A. NobelHeather A. Walsh

Visiting ScientistsMichael Bidochka, Ph.D.Huazhu HongLokesh Joshi, Ph.D.

Program SecretaryMichelle A. Mogil, B.S.

AdministrationRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., PresidentGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., Executive AssistantJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A.,C.M.A., TreasurerRobert J. Kohut, Ph.D., Director of Operations, Personnel DirectorSherry L. Hoard Ashton, M.S.I.S., Director of Public AffairsFrederic A. Williams, B.S., Public Affairs ConsultantDewayne C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Publications Consultant

Chair ScientistsRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Charles E. Palm ScientistStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Boyce Schulze Downey ScientistA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D., William H. Crocker ScientistRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., George L. McNew ScientistLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., William B. Thompson Scientist

Support ServicesBusiness OfficeNancy N. DeLuca, B.S., Office CoordinatorJoanne 0. Carruthers, A.A.S., A.S.Josephine M. Carcich, M.S.W.Karen Donohue, B.A.Kimberley A. Huizinga

FarmCharles R. Tutton, Manager

GraphicsTana L. Ebaugh, B.S., L.A.Tg., ManagerJohn E. Austin, B.A.Vanessa Brown, B.A.

GreenhouseMerritt C. Compton, ManagerBrian K. Bell, A.A.S.Eric Brennan, B.S.David GoddardMichael Doyle, B.S.

LibrarySherry L. Hoard Ashton, M.S., LibrarianKathleen Kramer, M.L.S., LibrarianSherry McCoy, B.S., Librarian AssistantCheryl Sisak, B.S., Librarian Assistant

MechanicalLarry J. Willard, A.A.S., ForemanDonald A. Slocum, A.A.S.Becky Hickox, A.A.S.

PersonnelAnne C.S. Zientek, B.S.

ReceptionBetty Ann Holden

StockroomGarry J. Fowler, Manager /BuyerSean L. Jenkins

STAFF - 1994

Plant Environmental BiologyJohn A. Laurence, Ph.D., Program DirectorJay S. Jacobson, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.Mary A. Topa, Ph.D.Jonathan P. ComstockDavid A. Weinstein, Ph.D.Leonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., ConsultantRuth D. Yanai, Ph.D.Stephen R. Boese, Ph.D.Jeffrey S. Kuehny, Ph.D.William A. Retzlaff, Ph.D.James Smith, Ph.D.Dirk Vanderklein, Ph.D.Ronald M. Beloin, M.S.Laurence l. Heller, B.S.Paul S. King, B.S.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Richard M. Raba, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.Peter Woodbury, M.S.Brian Gollands, M.S.Dorothy M.H. Watson, M.S.James M. Brewster, B.S.Andrew Corbin, M.P.S.David McDermitt, B.S.Cheryl L./ Sisak, B.S.Kerry KlecknerHolly Taylor, B.S.

Visiting ScientistsSamia Madkour, Ph.D.Andreas von Tiedemann, Ph.D.

Administrative SecretaryBarbara L. Warland, M.Div.

Plant ProductionRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., Program DirectorA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D.Thomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.Wenquan Sun, Ph.D.Scott H. Wettlaufer, M.S.Lina DeGregorio, B.S.

Visiting ScientistsSvetlana Temnykh, M.S.

Administrative SecretaryMary E. Westlake

Plant Molecular BiologyStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Program DirectorRobert L. Last, Ph.D.David B. Stern, Ph.D.Philip Kogan, Ph.D.Jiayang Li, Ph.D.Alan Rose, Ph.D.Patricia Conklin, Ph.D.Robert Drager, Ph.D.Laurie G. Landry, Ph.D.

Paul B. Larsen, Ph.D.Haim Levy, Ph.D.Wennuan Liu, Ph.D.Francis A. Osborne, Ph.D.John Sheahan, Ph.D.Christina Smart, Ph.D.Olanrewaju A. Sodeinde, Ph.D.Nancy R. Sturm, Ph.D.Jianjun Yang, Ph.D.Jianmin Zhao, Ph.D.Laura M. Stenzler, B.S.Andrea J. BarczakAngelina G.F.S. Caoile, B.S.Chin-yin Tai, M.S.Lynn A. Usack, B.S.Richard Clark, B.S.Joyce Forlano

Visiting ScientistsLiang-Jwu Chen, Ph.D.Hyeonsook Cheong, Ph.D.Andre Jagendorf, Ph.D.Tom Mitchell-Olds, Ph.D.

Administrative SecretaryMary E. WestlakeHeather Townsend

Plant ProtectionRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorRichard C. Staples, Ph.D.Patrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.J.A.A. Renwick, Ph.D.Donald W. Roberts, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Gary W. Blissard, Ph.D.Ann E. Hajek, Ph.D.Raymond J. St. Leger, Ph.D.Thomas R. Davis, Ph.D.Xinpei Huang, Ph.D.Phillip Kogan, Ph.D.Frank A. Cantone, Ph.D.Alice Churchill, Ph.D.Casey Finnerty, Ph.D.David Garrity, Ph.D.Meena Haribal, Ph.D.Lokesh Joshi, Ph.D.Leslie Lepore, Ph.D.Peter W. Roelvink, Ph.D.Celia D. Radke, B.S.Kevin A. McKenna, M.S.Kathy Jo Champion, B.S.Xiaoying Chen, M.S.Betsy A. Ingall, B.S.Kevin J. Kennedy, B.S.Antonius G.P. Oomens, M.S.Jo Lynn Perry, B.S.Walter Silbert, B.S.Nicole Tarnowsky, B.S.Holly Taylor, B.S.Scott Young, B.S.Regina Allen, A.S.

Heather A. Walsh

Visiting ScientistsMichael Bidochka, Ph.D.Huazhu HongSusuma Shimizu, Ph.D.

Program SecretaryMichelle A. Mogil, B.S.

AdministrationRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., PresidentGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., Executive AssistantJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., C.M.A., TreasurerRobert J. Kohut, Ph.D., Director of Operations,Personnel DirectorFrederic A. Williams, B.S., Public Affairs ConsultantDewayne C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Publications Consultant

Chair ScientistsRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Charles E. Palm ScientistStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Boyce Schulze Downey ScientistA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D., William H. Crocker ScientistRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., George L. McNew ScientistLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., William B. Thompson Scientist

Support ServicesBusiness OfficeNancy N. DeLuca, B.S., Office CoordinatorJoanne 0. Carruthers, A.A.S., A.S.Josephine M. Carcich, M.S.W.Karen Donohue, B.A.Tina Freelove, A.S.Kimberley A. Huizinga

Charles R. Tutton, Farm ManagerJohn E. Austin, B.A., GraphicsCelia D. Radke, B.S., Building CoordinatorAnne C.S. Zientek, B.S., PersonnelValleri Longcoy, Receptionist

GreenhouseMerritt C. Compton, ManagerBrian K. Bell, A.A.S.Eric Brennan, B.S.Michael Doyle, B.S.

LibraryKathleen Kramer, M.L.S., LibrarianSherry McCoy, B.S.Brian Niblock, B.A.

MechanicalLarry J. Willard, A.A.S., ForemanRebecca Hickox, A.A.S.Kerry KlecknerDonald A. Slocum, A.A.S.

StockroomGarry J. Fowler, Manager /BuyerSean L. Jenkins

STAFF - 1995

Environmental BiologyJohn A. Laurence, Ph.D., Program DirectorJay S. Jacobson, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.Mary A. Topa, Ph.D.Jonathan P. Comstock, Ph.D.David A. Weinstein, Ph.D.Leonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., ConsultantMaurizio Mencuccini, Ph.D.William A. Retzlaff, Ph.D.James Smith, Ph.D.Dirk Vanderklein, Ph.D.Ronald M. Beloin, M.S.Laurence l. Heller, B.S.Paul S. King, B.S.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Richard M. Raba, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.Peter Woodbury, M.S.Brian Gollands, M.S.James M. Brewster, B.S.Andrew Corbin, M.P.S.David McDermitt, B.S.Holly Taylor, B.S.

Visiting ScientistsSamia Madkour, Ph.D.Andreas von Tiedemann, Ph.D.

Administrative SecretaryBarbara L. Warland, M.Div.

Plant ProductionRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., Program DirectorA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D.Thomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.Victor Bronshtein, Ph.D.

Visiting ScientistsIrma Bernal-Lugo, Ph.D.Svetlana Temnykh, M.S.Jing Yu, M.S.

Administrative SecretaryMary E. Westlake

Plant Molecular BiologyStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Program DirectorRobert L. Last, Ph.D.David B. Stern, Ph.D.Patricia L. Conklin, Ph.D.Philip Kogan, Ph.D.Jiayang Li, Ph.D.Alan Rose, Ph.D.Joerg Degenhardt, Ph.D.Katherine J. Denby, Ph.D.Robert Drager, Ph.D.David C. Higgs, Ph.D.Laurie G. Landry, Ph.D.Paul B. Larsen, Ph.D.Haim Levy, Ph.D.Wennuan Liu, Ph.D.Andrea Nerozzi, Ph.D.

Christina Smart, Ph.D.Jianjun Yang, Ph.D.Laura M. Stenzler, B.S.Scott Wettlaufer, M.S.Andrea J. BarczakAngelina G.F.S. Caoile, B.S.Chin-yin Tai, M.S.Lynn A. Usack, B.S.Regina Allen, A.S.Richard Clark, B.S.Joyce Forlano

Visiting ScientistsVjacheslav M. Andrianov, Ph.D.Liang-Jwu Chen, Ph.D.Junichi Obokata, Ph.D.Yehiam Salts, Ph.D.

Administrative SecretaryMary E. Westlake

Plant ProtectionRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorRichard C. Staples, Ph.D.Patrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.J.A.A. Renwick, Ph.D.Donald W. Roberts, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Gary W. Blissard, Ph.D.Ann E. Hajek, Ph.D.Raymond J. St. Leger, Ph.D.Thomas R. Davis, Ph.D.Xinpei Huang, Ph.D.Scott Monsma, Ph.D.Alice Churchill, Ph.D.Casey Finnerty, Ph.D.David Garrity, Ph.D.Meena Haribal, Ph.D.Lokesh Joshi, Ph.D.Leslie Lepore, Ph.D.John Sheahan, Ph.D.Kevin A. McKenna, M.S.Caroline F.M. Groenendijk, M.S.Antonius G.P. Oomens, M.S.Jo Lynn Perry, B.S.Walter Silbert, B.S.Nicole Tarnowsky, B.S.Holly Taylor, B.S.Dennis KoJessica VoionmaaHeather A. Walsh

Visiting ScientistsLuis Liete, M.S.Susuma Shimizu, Ph.D.Wenquing Zhang, Ph.D.

Program SecretaryElaine Hyams, M.Phil.

Plants and Human HealthCharles J. Arntzen, Ph.D., Program DirectorGregory D. May, Ph.D.Stephanie Clendennen, Ph.D.

Nicole S. Higgs, B.S.Bryan Maloney, B.S.Norzulaani Khalid, Ph.D.Rodolfo Lopez-Gomez, M.S.Chengmin Zhong, Ph.D.Peter Kipp, B.S.

National Agricultural Biotechnology CouncilRalph W. E Hardy, Ph.D. ,President DesignateJune Fessenden MacDonald, Ph.D., Executive DirectorJane Baker Segelken, M.S., Executive CoordinatorLoren A. Mooney, B.A., Administrative AideKate O'Hara, B.S., Graphics

AdministrationCharles J. Arntzen, Ph.D., PresidentRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., President, retired August 31Greta M. Colavito, M.Mus., Executive AssistantJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., C.M.A., TreasurerRobert J. Kohut, Ph.D., Director of Operations,Personnel DirectorFrederic A. Williams, B.S., Public Affairs ConsultantDewayne C. Torgeson, Ph.D., Publications Consultant

Chair ScientistsRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Charles E. Palm ScientistStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Boyce Schulze Downey ScientistA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D., William H. Crocker ScientistRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., George L. McNew ScientistLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., William B. Thompson Scientist

Support ServicesBusiness OfficeNancy N. Ray, B.S., Business Office CoordinatorJoanne 0. Carruthers, A.A.S., A.S.Karen DonohueTina Freelove, A.S.Kimberley A. Huizinga

Charles R. Tutton, Farm ManagerJohn E. Austin, B.A, GraphicsCelia D. Radke, B.S., Building CoordinatorAnne C.S. Zientek, B.S., PersonnelValleri Longcoy, Receptionist

GreenhouseMerritt C. Compton, ManagerMary Alice Kobler, B.S.Brian K. Bell, A.A.S.Carol Bell, A.S.Jay Miller, B.S.

LibraryKathleen Kramer, M.L.S. LibrarianBrian Niblock, B.A.

MechanicalLarry J. Willard, A.A.S., ForemanRebecca Hickox, A.A.S.Kerry KlecknerDonald A. Slocum, A.A.S.

StockroomGarry J. Fowler Manager /BuyerSean L. Jenkins

STAFF - 1996

Environmental BiologyJohn A. Laurence, Ph.D., Program DirectorJay S. Jacobson, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.David C. MacLean, Ph.D.D. C. McCune, Ph.D.Mary A. Topa, Ph.D.Jonathan P. ComstockDavid A. Weinstein, Ph.D.William A. Retzlaff, Ph.D.Maurizio Mencuccini, Ph.D.James Smith, Ph.D.Dirk Vanderklein, Ph.D.Ronald M. Beloin, M.S.Laurence I. Heller, B.S.Paul S. King, B.S.Terry L. Lauver, M.S.Richard M. Raba, B.S.Paul Van Leuken, B.S.Peter Woodbury, M.S.Brian Gollands, M.S.James M. Brewster, B.S.Andrew Corbin, M.P.S.David McDermitt, B.S.Lian Yui ChenLuis R. Padillo-FaltoE. David McGurrinJonathan Reichard

Visiting ScientistsJaana BäckAndreas von Tiedemann, Ph.D.

Administrative SecretaryBarbara L. Warland, M.Div.

Plant Production(discontinued - end of 1996)Thomas A. LaRue, Ph.D.Victor Bronshtein, Ph.D.

Administrative SecretaryMary E. Westlake

Plant Molecular BiologyStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Program DirectorRobert L. Last, Ph.D.David B. Stern, Ph.D.Patricia L. Conklin, Ph.D.Jianmin Zhao, Ph.D.Vyacheslav Andrianov, Ph.D.Alan Rose, Ph.D.Luling Cheng, Ph.D.D. Palitha Dharmawardhana, Ph.D.Katherine J. Denby, Ph.D.Robert Drager, Ph.D.David C. Higgs, Ph.D.Laurie G. Landry, Ph.D.Paul B. Larsen, Ph.D.Haim Levy, Ph.D.Jianjun Yang, Ph.D.Laura M. Stenzler, B.S.Andrea J. BarczakAngelina G.F.S. Caoile, B.S.Lynn A. Usack, B.S.Richard Clark, B.S.Joyce ForlanoMary E. Westlake, Administrative Secretary

Visiting ScientistsJean-Denis Faure, Ph.D. FranceJiayang Li, Ph.D. ChinaYehiam Salts, Ph.D., Israel

Plant ProtectionRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Program DirectorPatrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.Vladimir Macko, Ph.D.J.A.A. Renwick, Ph.D.Donald W. Roberts, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Gary W. Blissard, Ph.D.Raymond J. St. Leger, Ph.D.Alice Churchill, Ph.D.Thomas R. Davis, Ph.D.Meena Haribal, Ph.D.Xinpei Huang, Ph.D.Scott Monsma, Ph.D.David Garrity, Ph.D.Lokesh Joshi, Ph.D.Peter Kulakosky, Ph.D.Jiang Zhong, Ph.D.Kevin A. McKenna, M.S.Antonius G.P. Oomens, M.S.Kimberly Lopez, B.S.Walter Silbert, B.S.Nicole Tarnowsky, B.S.Molly IngersollNilupa GunaratnaJanine PolizziDennis KoIan KowVanessa SawyerMonica Voionmaa, B.S.

Visiting ScientistsStephen Lapointe, Ph.D. BrazilLuis Liete, M.S., BrazilMarta Lucia Lopez, B.S., ColombiaRaksha Malakar, M.S., NepalJianxin Peng, M.S. ChinaSusuma Shimizu, Ph.D. JapanWenquing Zhang, Ph.D. China

Administrative SecretaryElaine Hyams, M. Phil

Plants and Human HealthCharles J. Arntzen, Ph.D., Program DirectorHugh S. Mason, Ph.D.Gregory D. May, Ph.D.Stephanie Clendennen, Ph.D.Lizabeth Richter, Ph.D.Mary Blake, M.S.Nicole S. Higgs, B.S.Joan S. Lenz, B.S.Bryan Maloney, B.S.Tatiana Simkova, B.S.Monica Voionmaa, B.S.

Visiting ScientistsWanpen Boonwanich, M.S. ThailandNilsa Bosque-Perez, Ph.D. NigeriaMiguel Gomez-Lim, Ph.D.Norzulaani Khalid, Ph.D. MalaysiaRodolfo Lopez-Gomez, M.S. MexicoLeonardo Marino-Ramirez, B.S. ColombiaJavier Narvarez, Ph.D. ColombiaMartha Lucia Orozco, M.S. ColombiaQue Qiang, B.S. ChinaLaszlo Sagi, Ph.D. BelgiumChengmin Zhong, Ph.D. ChinaAdministrative SecretariesElaine BenjaminBarbara Warland, M.Div.

National Agricultural Biotechnology CouncilRalph W. E Hardy, Ph.D., President DesignateJane Baker Segelken, B.S., Executive CoordinatorMonica Voionmaa, B.S., Administrative Assistant

AdministrationCharles J. Arntzen, Ph.D., PresidentGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., Corporate Secretary, Executive AssistantJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., C.M.A., TreasurerRobert J. Kohut, Ph.D., Director of Operations, Personnel DirectorFrederic A. Williams, B.S., Public AffairsElaine W. Benjamin, Administrative Secretary

Chair ScientistsRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Charles E. Palm ScientistStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Boyce Schulze Downey ScientistDonald W. Roberts, Ph.D., Roy A. Young ScientistA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D., William H. Crocker ScientistRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., George L. McNew ScientistLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., William B. Thompson Scientist

Support ServicesCelia D. Radke, B.S., Building CoordinatorCharles R. Tutton, Field Site Manager

Business OfficeNancy N. Ray, B.S., Business Office CoordinatorJoanne 0. Carruthers, A.A.S., A.S.Karen DonohueTina Freelove, A.S.Kimberley A. Huizinga

Computer ServicesJohn E. Austin, B.S.Brian Gollands, M.S.

GreenhouseMary Alice Kobler, B.S., ManagerBrian K. Bell, A.A.S.Carol Bell, A.S.Jay Miller, B.S.Mary PloweCarisa Triola

LibraryKathleen Kramer, M.L.S. LibrarianKristine Lanners, B.A.Brian Niblock, B.A.

MechanicalLarry J. Willard, A.A.S., ForemanKerry Kleckner, B.S.Rebecca ReynoldsDonald A. Slocum, A.A.S.

Anne C.S. Zientek, B.S., PersonnelValleri Longcoy, Receptionist

StockroomGarry J. Fowler Manager /BuyerSean L. JenkinsDawn Reeves

STAFF - 1997

FacultyGary W. Blissard, Ph.D.Alice C. L. Churchill, Ph.D.Jonathan P Comstock, Ph.D.Robert R. Granados, Ph.D.Stephen H. Howell, Ph.D.Patrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.Robert L. Last, Ph.D.John A. Laurence, Ph.D.Hugh S. Mason, Ph.D.Gregory D. May, Ph.D.J. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D.David B. Stem, Ph.D.Raymond J. St. Leger, Ph.D.Mary A. Topa, Ph.D.David A. Weinstein, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.

Research SupportPatricia L. Conklin, Ph.D.Denise E. Costich, Ph.D.Meena Haribal, Ph.D.Lokesh Joshi, Ph.D.William A. Retzlaff, Ph.D.Joyce Van Eck, Ph.D.Jianjun Yang, Ph.D.Vyacheslav Andrianov, Ph.D.Peter R. Beetham, Ph.D.Luling Cheng, Ph.D.Stephanie Clendennen, Ph.D.Katherine J. Denby, D. Phil.D.P. Dharmawardhana,Ph.D.Robert G. Drager, Ph.D.David Garrity,Ph.D.Marc Harper,Ph.D.Kathleen Hefferon, Ph.D.David C. Higgs, Ph.D.Byung Chul Kim, Ph.D.Peter Kulakosky, Ph.D.Haim Levy, Ph.D.Marlinda Lobo de Souza,Ph.D.Steven Matzner, Ph.D.Maurizio Mencuccini, Ph.D.Tsafrir S. Mor, Ph.D.Susan R. Norris, Ph.D.Kenneth E. Palmer, Ph.D.Matthew K. Pelletier, Ph.D.Susanne Preiss, Ph.D.Lizabeth Richter, Ph.D.James Smith, Ph.D.Jianjun Yang, Ph.D.Jiang Zhong, Ph.D.Ronald M. Beloin, M.S.Mary E. Blake, M.S.Paul S. King, B.S.Laura M. Stenzler, B.S.Peter B. Woodbury, M.S.Brian Gollands, M.S.Nicole S. Higgs, B.S.Kevin A. McKenna, M.S.Antonius G. P Oomens, M.S.Christopher Alpha, B.S.G. Kai Blaisdell, B.S.Angelina G. F S. Caoile, B.S.Joan S. Lenz, B.S.Kimberly D. Lopez, B.S.

Bryan Maloney, B.A.David J. McDermitt, B.S.Tatiana Simkova, M.S.Eugene Sullivan, B.S.Juan Yin, B.S.Xiaoping Zeng, B.S.Susan BlankRichard Clark, B.S.Joyce E. SullivanMonica Voionmaa, B.S.

Visiting ScientistsNilsa Bosque-Perez, Ph.D., IDDonald Cheney, Ph.D., MAJean-Denis Faure, Ph.D., FranceT R. Ganapathi, Ph.D., IndiaMiguel Gomez-Lim, Ph.D., MexicoRodolfo Gomez-Lopez, Ph.D., MexicoDwayne Kirk, B. App. Sci., AustraliaJianxin Peng, M.S., ChinaLeonardo Ramero, B.S., ColombiaLiu Ruinzhon, M.S., PRCAldo Tava, Ph.D., ItalyAmanda Walmsley, Ph.D., AustraliaWenquing Zhang, Ph.D., China

ManagementCharles J.Arntzen, Ph.D., President & CEOJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A.,C.M.A., Vice President for Finance; TreasurerJoyce L. Frank, B.S., Vice President for OperationsStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Vice President for ResearchAnne Zientek, B.S., Human Resource Manager

Service SupportBrian K. Bell, A.A.S., GreenhouseCarol Bell, A.S., GreenhouseElaine Benjamin, Executive AssistantJoanne Carruthers, A.A.S., A.S., Business OfficeGreta Colavito, M.Mus., Annual Report ConsultantKaren Donohue, B.A., Business OfficeGarry J. Fowler, Stockroom Manager /BuyerTina Freelove, A.S., Business OfficeNanette M. Gaul, A.A.S., Admin. SecretaryBrian Gollands, M.S., Computer SupportKimberley A. Huizinga, Business OfficeElaine Hyams, M. Phil., Admin. SecretaryKerry Kleckner, B.S., MechanicalMary Alyce Kobler, B.S., GreenhouseRose Kohlage, Library AssistantKathleen Kramer, M.L.S. LibrarianKristine Lanners, B.A. Library AssistantValleri Longcoy, ReceptionistJay Miller, B.S., GreenhouseCelia D. Radke, B.S., Building CoordinatorNancy N. Ray, B.S., Business OfficeDawn Reeves, Stockroom ClerkDonald A. Slocum, A.A.S., MechanicalElaine Van Etten, B.A., Admin. SecretaryBarbara Warland, M.Div., Admin. SecretaryMary E. Westlake, Executive AssistantLarry J. Willard, A.A.S., Mechanical Foreman

Emeritus ScientistsJay S. Jacobson, Plant Physiologist EmeritusThomas A. LaRue, Plant Biochemist EmeritusA. Carl Leopold, William H. Crocker Scientist Emeritus

Vladimir Macko, Biochemist EmeritusDavid C. MacLean, Plant Physiologist EmeritusD. C. McCune, Plant Physiologist EmeritusDonald W Roberts, Roy A. Young Scientist EmeritusRichard C. Staples, George L. McNew Scientist EmeritusD. C. Torgeson, Plant Pathologist EmeritusLeonard H. Weinstein, William B. Thompson Scientist Emeritus

National Agricultural Biotechnology CouncilRalph W. E Hardy, Ph.D. PresidentJane Baker Segelken, B.S. Executive CoordinatorMonica Voionmaa, B.S. Administrative Assistant

STAFF – 1998

FacultyGary W. Blissard, Ph.D.Alice C. L. Churchill, Ph.D.Jonathan P Comstock, Ph.D.Robert R. Granados, Ph.D.Stephen H. Howell, Ph.D.Patrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.Robert L. Last, Ph.D.John A. Laurence, Ph.D.Gregory B. Martin, Ph.D.Hugh S. Mason, Ph.D.Gregory D. May, Ph.D.J. A. A. Renwick, Ph.D.David B. Stern, Ph.D.Mary A. Topa, Ph.D.David A. Weinstein, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.

Research SupportPeter Balint-Kurti, Ph.D.Patricia L. Conklin, Ph.D.Denise E. Costich, Ph.D.Katherine J. Denby, D. Phil.Robert G. Drager, Ph.D.Meena Haribal, Ph.D.Lokesh Joshi, Ph.D.William A. Retzlaff, Ph.D.Lizabeth Richter, Ph.D.Joyce Van Eck, Ph.D.Jianjun Yang, Ph.D.Vyacheslav Andrianov, Ph.D.Peter R. Beetham, Ph.D.Adam Bogdanove, Ph.D.Sabine Constant, Ph.D.Benjamin Dugdale, Ph.D.Yong-Qiang Gu, Ph.D.Marc Harper, Ph.D.Xiaohua He, Ph.D.Kathleen Hefferon, Ph.D.David C. Higgs, Ph.D.Owen Hoekenga, Ph.D.Chun-Yuan Huang, Ph.D.Zhong Huang, Ph.D.Ramesh Kantety, Ph.D.Byung Chul Kim, Ph.D.Young Jin Kim, Ph.D.Yutaka Komine, Ph.D.Guangyun Lin, Ph.D.Marlinda Lobo de Souza, Ph.D.Steven Matzner, Ph.D.Tsafrir S. Mor, Ph.D.Susan R. Norris, Ph.D.Kenneth E. Palmer, Ph.D.Matthew K. Pelletier, Ph.D.Guido Sessa, Ph.D.

Ping Wang, Ph.D.Sung-chul Yun, Ph.D.Jiang Zhong, Ph.D.Mark D’Ascenzo, B.S.Brian Gollands, M.S.Nicole S. Higgs, B.S.Dwayne, Kirk, B.S.Sara Abend, B.S.Christopher Alpha, B.S.Juliana Benson, B.S.G. Kai Blaisdell, B.S.Angelina G.F.S. Caoile, B.S.Tracey Cranston, B.S.Mei Duguid, M.S.Ying Fan, M.S.Mark Fields, B.A.Kithsiri B. Herath, M.S.Kimberly D. Lopez, B.S.Jamie Lyman, B.S.David J. McDermitt, B.S.Heather McLane, M.S.Bryan Maloney, B.A.Xenia Sawycky, B.S.Tatiana Simkova, M.S.Eugene Sullivan, B.S.Caimei Yang, M.S.Xueqi Yang, M.S.Juan Yin, B.S.Xiaoping Zeng, M.S.Susan BlankRichard Clark, B.S.Barbara HuddleJoyce E. SullivanMonica Voionmaa, B.S.

Emeritus ScientistsRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Charles E. Palm ScientistStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Boyce Schulze Downey ScientistJay S. Jacobson, Plant Physiologist EmeritusThomas A. LaRue, Plant Biochemist EmeritusA. Carl Leopold, Ph.D., William H. Crocker ScientistVladimir Macko, Biochemist EmeritusDavid C. MacLean, Plant Physiologist EmeritusD. C. McCune, Plant Physiologist EmeritusDonald W. Roberts, Ph.D., Roy A. Young ScientistRichard C. Staples, Ph.D., George L. McNew ScientistD. C. Torgeson, Plant Pathologist EmeritusLeonard H. Weinstein, Ph.D., William B. Thompson Scientist

AdministrationCharles J. Arntzen, Ph.D., President and CEOJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., C.M.A., Vice Presidentfor Finance; TreasurerJoyce L. Frank, B.S., Vice President for OperationsStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Vice President for ResearchAnne Zientek, B.S., Human Resource Manager

Service SupportHolly Beermann, B.S. Administrative AssistantBrian K. Bell, A.A.S., Greenhouse AssistantElaine W. Benjamin, Executive AssistantStephanie H. Calves, Front Desk AssistantJoanne O. Carruthers, A.A.S., A.S., Senior Accounts ClerkGreta M. Colavito, M.Mus., Annual Report ConsultantJoan Curtiss, A.S., Computer Support SpecialistKaren Donohue, B.A., Accounts ClerkGarry J. Fowler, Stockroom Manager/BuyerKimberley A. Huizinga, Accounts ClerkKerry Kleckner, B.S., Mechanical AssistantMary Alyce Kobler, B.S., Greenhouse ManagerRosalie Kohlage, Library AssistantKathleen Kramer, M.L.S., LibrarianValleri Longcoy, ReceptionistRaven R. Lopez, Business Office ClerkJay Miller, B.S., Greenhouse AssistantCelia D. Radke, B.S., Building ConsultantNancy N. Ray, B.S., Business Office CoordinatorDawn Reeves, Stockroom Accounts ClerkCarol Simmons, A.A.S. Mechanical AssistantDonald A. Slocum, A.A.S., Mechanical AssistantTammy L. Smith, A.S., Accounts ClerkElaine Van Etten, B.A., Administrative SecretaryBarbara Warland, M. Div., Administrative SecretaryMary E. Westlake, Executive AssistantLarry J. Willard, A.A.S., Mechanical Foreman

National Agricultural Biotechnology CouncilRalph W. F. Hardy, Ph.D., PresidentBarbara K. Avery, B.S., Associate CoordinatorJune Baker Segelken, B.S., Executive Coordinator

Visiting ScientistsSumit Chakrabarti, Ph.D., IndiaDonald Cheney, Ph.D., Boston, MAKazuhito Fujiyama, Ph.D., JapanT. R. Ganapathi, Ph.D., IndiaMiguel A. Gomez-Lim, Ph.D., MexicoGuoxun Li, PRCSaara Lang, Ph.D., AustraliaMaurizio Mencuccini, Ph.D., ScotlandJianxin Peng, M.S., PRCLiu Ruinzhon, M.S., PRCNaokazu Takeda, Ph.D., JapanAmanda Walmsley, Ph.D., Australia

Ronald M. Beloin, M.S.Mary E. Blake, M.S.Paul S. King, B.S.Peter B. Woodbury, M.S.Joan S. Lenz, B.S.Antonius G. P. Oomens, M.S

STAFF - 1999

Plants for Human HealthCharles J. Arntzen, Ph.D.Alice C. L. Churchill, Ph.D.Gregory D. May, Ph.D.Hugh S. Mason, Ph.D.Joyce Van Eck, Ph.D.Elaine W. Benjamin, Exec. AssistantHolly Beermann, B.S., Admin. SecretaryValleri L. Longcoy, Admin. SecretaryPeter Balint-Kurti, Ph.D.Patricia L. Conklin, Ph.D.Lizabeth J. Richter, Ph.D.Xenia Sawycky, B.S.Peter R. Beetham, Ph.D.Benjamin Dugdale, Ph.D.Pia Gavino, Ph.D.Kathleen L. Hefferon, Ph.D.Chun-Yuan Huang, Ph.D.Tsafrir S. Mor, Ph.D.Dwayne D. Kirk, B.App.Sc., Ass. Dip.Management, Project ManagerMary Blake Tracey, M.S.Nicole S. Higgs, B.S.Joan S. Lenz, B.S.Tatiana Simkova, M.S.Sara M. Abend, B.S.Juliana M. Benson, B.S.Tracey B. Cranston, B.S.Mei Duguid, M.S.Ying Fan, M.S.Bryan J. Maloney, B.A.Kristin J. Mayo, B.S.Heather McLane, M.S.Laura E. ShevyAda M. Snyder, B.Tech.Xueqi Yang, M.S.Xiaoping Zeng, M.S.Yunfang ZhangRicha AgarwalBarbara J. HuddleDebra JosephPatricia R. KeenEric L. MillerKelly MooreChuck NguyenSherry E. RoofMonica A Voionmaa, B.S.Sunny Y. WongLaboratory AidesDamoun DelavizGary PecakE. Uri SkowronskiThumballi R. Ganapathi, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistHeribert Warzecha, Ph.D., Visiting Scientist Song Chang Zheng, Ph.D., Visiting Scientist

Plant Molecular GeneticsStephen H. Howell, Ph.D.Gregory B. Martin, Ph.D.David B. Stern, Ph.D.Thomas P. Brutnell, Ph.D.Mary Ellen Westlake, Exec. AssistantDavid C. Higgs, Ph.D.Adam J. Bogdanove, Ph.D.Thomas J. Bollenbach, Ph.D.Sabine Constant, Ph.D.Julien Fey, Ph.D.Yong-Qiang Gu, Ph.D.Xiaohua He, Ph.D.Owen A. Hoekenga, Ph.D.Zhong Huang, Ph.D.

Pankaj Jaiswal, Ph.D.Ramesh Kantety, Ph.D.Young Jin Kim, Ph.D.Yutaka Komine, Ph.D.Kirankumar Mysore, Ph.D.Guido Sessa, Ph.D.Tishina Subrahmanyam, Ph.D.Robert P. Tuori, Ph.D.Angelina G. F. S. Caoile, B.S.Amanda J. HicksJamie S. Lyman, B.S.Jude Maul, M.S.Ryan R .McCormackKelly Rock, B.S.Caimei Yang, M.S.Richard A. Clark, B.S.Brian EmeryChristopher HickoxChristine AquiarLydia BosirePhilippe ChuNicole CramerElana FeldmanMarta KadziolkaElise A. KikisJodi Ann OliverShawna PochanXavier RanconShyam UttamchandaniAnnette ZoegerHitoshi Nakayushiki, Ph.D., Visiting Scientist Yu Han, Ph.D., Visiting Scientist

Forest BiologyJonathan P. Comstock, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.John A. Laurence, Ph.D.Mary A. Topa, Ph.D.David A. Weinstein, Ph.D.Barbara L. Warland, M.Div., Admin. SecretaryDenise E. Costich, Ph.D.Maurizio Mencuccini, Ph.D.Roman Pausch, Ph.D.William A. Retzlaff, Ph.D.Steven Matzner, Ph.D.Mikailou Sy, Ph.D.Gemma White, Ph.D.Wei Qiang Yang, Ph.D.Ron Beloin, M.S.Paul S. King, B.S.Peter B. Woodbury, M.S.Brian Gollands, M.S.Dennis P. Swaney, M.S.Christopher G. Alpha, B.S.Gretchen Kai Blaisdell, B.S.Amy K. Dunbar-Wallis, B.S.Mark J. Fields, B.A.Juliana Finucane, B.A.Richard Phillips, M.S.Kathryn A. ChabarekCharlotte Clews, B.S.Diane Decker, B.A.Vaughn GingerichLawrence KlechaBrian SpragueAlani TaylorAndrew VidutichRichard Witthite, M.Div.Maurizio Mencuccini, Ph.D., Visiting Scientist

Insect BiologyRobert R. Granados, Ph.D.Patrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.J. Alan A. Renwick, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.Gary W. Blissard, Ph.D.Elaine E. Van Etten, A.S., Admin. SecretaryMeena M. Haribal, Ph.D.Lokesh Joshi, Ph.D.Niels Agerbirk, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistMarc S. Harper, Ph.D.Guangyun Lin, Ph.D.Ping Wang, Ph.D.Jodie MangorAntonius G.P. Oomens, M.S.Herath B. Kithsiri, M.S.Mark LethamKimberly Lopez, B.S.Susan Blank, B.S.Christina BoveMaria MartynovskyJanice PereiraJohn-Demian SaurLaboratory AidesLiang DongMarissa A. LoboAmy QuanJuan J. Garcia, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistYoshifumi Hashimoto, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistCaroline Müller, Ph.D., Visiting ScientistGuo-Xon Li, Visiting Scientist

ManagementCharles J. Arntzen, Ph.D., President and CEOJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., C.M.A., VP for Finance; TreasurerJoyce L. Frank, B.S., VP for Licensing & DevelopmentStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., VP for ResearchLucy Pola, Human Resource DirectorAnne Zientek, B.S., Director of Human Resources

Service Support StaffBrian K. BellMichelle BrownStephanie H. CalvesJoanne CarruthersGreta M. ColavitoJoan CurtissJoshua DeMarreeKaren DonohueJane HexterKimberley A. HuizingaSusan JacksonMisty KirkMary Alyce KoblerRosalie Kohlage, Library AssistantKathleen KramerAndrew LesserRaven R. LopezDonna MeyerJay MillerNancy N. RayDawn ReevesCarol SimmonsDonald A. SlocumTammy L. SmithElaine Van EttenBarbara WarlandMary E. WestlakeLarry J. WillardKarol Woodman

STAFF – 2000

FacultyCharles J. Arntzen, Ph.D.Gary W. Blissard, Ph.D.Thomas P. Brutnell, Ph.D.Alice C. L. Churchill, Ph.D.Jonathan P. Comstock, Ph.D.James J. Giovannoni, Ph.D.Robert R. Granados, Ph.D.Stephen H. Howell, Ph.D.Patrick R. Hughes, Ph.D.Daniel F. Klessig, Ph.D.Robert J. Kohut, Ph.D.John A. Laurence, Ph.D.Gregory B. Martin, Ph.D.Hugh S. Mason, Ph.D.J. Alan A. Renwick, Ph.D.David B. Stern, Ph.D.Mary A. Topa, Ph.D.David A. Weinstein, Ph.D.H. Alan Wood, Ph.D.

Research StaffPatricia L. Conklin, Ph.D.Joyce M. Van Eck, Ph.D.Cornelius S. Barry, Ph.D.Meena R. Chandok, Ph.D.Denise E. Costich, Ph.D.Keith J. Goodman, Ph.D.Meena M. Haribal, Ph.D.Lokesh Joshi, Ph.D.Pradeep Kachroo, Ph.D.Roman C. Pausch, Ph.D.Lizabeth J. Richter, Ph.D.Paul A. Schwarz, Ph.D.Julia Vrebalov, Ph.D.Ping Wang, Ph.D.Carina Barth, Ph.D.Adam J. Bogdanove, Ph.D.Thomas J. Bollenbach, Ph.D.A. Bruce Cahoon, Ph.D.Jonathan R. Cohn, Ph.D.Sabine Constant, Ph.D.Olga del Pozo, Ph.D.Julien P. Fey, Ph.D.Pia D. Gavino, Ph.D.Yong-Qiang Gu, Ph.D.Xiaohua He, Ph.D.Kathleen L. Hefferon, Ph.D.Owen A. Hoekenga, Ph.D.Zhong Huang, Ph.D.Pankaj Jaiswal, Ph.D.Hong Gu Kang, Ph.D.Yong Jin Kim, Ph.DYoung-Jun Kim, Ph.D.Yutaka Komine, Ph.D.Joseph, C. Kuhl, Ph.D.Dhirendra Kumar, Ph.D.Jason W. Lilly, Ph.D.Guangyun Lin, Ph.D.Oliver Lung, Ph.D.Frank L.H. Menke, Ph.D.Wolfgang Möder, Ph.D.Tsafrir S. Mor, Ph.D.Kirankumar Mysore, Ph.D.Jeong Mee Park, Ph.D.Paxton R. Payton, Ph.D.Ruairidh J. Sawers, Ph.D.Guido Sessa, Ph.D.Yumiko Shirano, Ph.D.Mikailou Sy, Ph.D.Robert P. Tuori, Ph.D.Heribert A. Warzecha, Ph.D.Hui-Ju Wu, Ph.D.

Wei Qiang Yang, Ph.D.Rong Ye, Ph.D.Keiko Yoshioka, Ph.D.Paul S. King, B.S.Peter B. Woodbury Project Manager, M.S.Research SpecialistsChristopher G. Alpha, B.S.Mark D. D'Ascenzo, B.S.Paul P. Debbie, B.A., M.B.A.Brian E. Gollands, M.S.Joan S. Lenz, B.S.Jodie Mangor, B.S., M.S.Richard P. Phillips, M.S.Dennis P. Swaney, M.S.Ruth White, B.S. (USDA)Sara M. Abend, B.S.Juliana M. Benson-Cobb, B.S.Murielle Boisson, B.S.Jamie L. Brenchley, B.S.Norene Buehner, B.A.Angelina G.F.S. Caoile, B.S.Tracey B. Cranston, B.S.Bridget E. Creighton, B.S.Amy K. Dunbar-Wallis, B.S.Ying Fan, M.S.Juliana Finucane, B.A.Yu Han, M.S.Amanda J. Hicks, B.S.Gretchen E. Hoffman, B.S.Arthur Kasson, B.S.Paul E. Lewis, B.S.Jamie S. Lyman, B.S.Bryan J. Maloney, B.A.Matthew D. Martin-Rehrmann, B.A.Jude E. Maul, M.S.Kristin J. Mayo, B.S.Ryan R. McCormack, B.S.Peter T. McKenney, B.S.Heather L. McLane, M.S.Diana R. Medrano, B.S.Sarah R. Osterhoudt, B.S.Daniel E. Pendleton, B.S.Sherry E. Roof, A.A.S.Laura E. Shevy, B.S.Lorina R. Shinsato, B.S.Tatiana Simkova, M.S.Ada M. Snyder, B.Tech.Tanya Vasic, B.S.Monica A. Voionmaa, B.S.Wendy M. Vonhof, B.S.Chuanqin Xu, B.S.Caimei Yang, M.S.Xueqi Yang, M.S.Yunfang ZhangKevin Ahern, B.S.Susan E. Blank, B.S.Liza J. Conrad, B.S.Diane Decker, B.S.Brian K. EmeryMichael Henderson, B.S.Barbara J. HuddlePatricia R. Keen, A.A.S.Ping Liang

Visiting ScientistsNiels Agerbirk, Ph.D.Mondher Bouzayen, Ph.D.Gung-Pyc Lee, Ph.D.Caroline Miller, Ph.D.Hitoshi Nakayashiki, Ph.D.Christoph Perin, Ph.D.Changzheng Song, Ph.D.Amanda M. Walmsley, Ph.D.

Katrin Kuehnle, B.S.Annette Zoeger, B.S.Dwayne D. Kirk, Project Manager, B.App.Sci.,Assoc. Diploma Mgmt.

AdministrationCharles J. Arntzen, Ph.D., (retired 8/00), President & CEODaniel F. Klessig, Ph.D., (effective 9/00), President & CEOStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., VP for ResearchJohn M. Dentes, M.B.A., C.M.A., VP for Finance; TreasurerLaurance E. Russell, Director of OperationsJoyce Frank, B.S., Dir. of Licensing & Intellectual PropertyLucy B. Pola, B.A., Director of Human Resources

SUPPORT STAFFBrian K. Bell, A.A.S., GreenhouseElaine W. Benjamin, Executive AssistantMichelle L. Brown, Business OfficeJoanne Carruthers, A.A.S., A.S., Business OfficeRichard A. Clark, B.S., Lab ServicesShannon L. Cornett, Business OfficeJoan Curtiss, A.S., ComputerRobin Dalfonso, Business OfficeJoshua Demarree, A.A.S., GreenhouseGarry J. Fowler, Stockroom Manager/BuyerShirley M. Geddes, Business OfficeGeorge W. Hoffman, StockroomKimberley A. Huizinga, Business OfficeMisty L. Kirk, Administrative AssistantKerry R. Kleckner, B.S., MechanicalMary Alyce Kobler, B.S., Greenhouse Mngr.Rosalie Kohlage, LibraryKathleen Kramer, M.L.S., LibrarianValleri Longcoy, ReceptionistDonna L. Meyer, Executive AssistantJay Miller, B.S., GreenhouseNancy N. Ray, B.S., Business OfficeDawn Reeves, StockroomCarol Simmons, A.A.S., GreenhouseDonald A. Slocum, A.A.S., MechanicalTammy L. Smith, A.S., Business OfficeSusan Sweeney, A.S., B.S., Business OfficeJude D. Tulla, MechanicalElaine Van Etten, B.A., ComputerBarbara Warland, M. Div., Admin. SecretaryMary E. Westlake, Executive AssistantDonald White, GreenhouseLarry J. Willard, A.A.S., Mechanical ForemanKarol Woodman, Business Office

Emeritus ScientistsRobert R. Granados, Ph.D., Charles E. Palm ScientistJay S. Jacobson, Plant PhysiologistThomas A. LaRue, Plant BiochemistA. Carl Leopold, William H. Crocker ScientistDavid C. MacLean, Plant PhysiologistVladimir Macko, BiochemistD. C. McCune, Plant PhysiologistDonald W. Roberts, Roy A. Young ScientistRichard C. Staples, George L. McNew ScientistD. C. Torgeson, Plant PathologistLeonard H. Weinstein, William B. Thompson ScientistStephen H. Howell, Ph.D., Boyce Schulze Downey Scientist