xpublish output processing guide b58 · tableofcontents resamplingimages.....22

xPublish OutputProcessing GuideVersion 3.0 SP1

EMC Corporation, Hopkinton, MA 01748-91031-508-435-1000www.EMC.com

Copyright 2001-2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

The copyright protection claimed includes all formats of copyrightable material and information governed by currentor future statutory or judicial law. This includes, without limitations, any material generated by the softwareprograms that display icons or other screen interfaces. You may not copy or transmit any part of this document inelectronic or printed format without the express written permission of EMC Corporation. xPression, CompuSet, andall other EMC Corporation products mentioned in this publication are trademarks of EMC Corporation. For completecopyright information, please see the file xPression Licensing Document.pdf located on your eBook Library CD.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 7Boxes and Revision Bars............................................................................................................... 7Solution Support ........................................................................................................................... 7

2 Images................................................................................................................................................ 8Bit Depth ...................................................................................................................................... 8

Black and White..................................................................................................................... 9Grayscale.............................................................................................................................. 10Indexed Color ........................................................................................................................ 10RGB ..................................................................................................................................... 11CMYK................................................................................................................................... 11RGB vs CMYK....................................................................................................................... 12Spot Colors and Hilight Color.................................................................................................. 12

Advanced Features ....................................................................................................................... 12Transparency ........................................................................................................................ 13Translucency......................................................................................................................... 14Color Management ................................................................................................................ 14Vector Graphics ..................................................................................................................... 15Metafile Formats.................................................................................................................... 15

Reproducing Images on Digital Devices ......................................................................................... 15How Printers Work................................................................................................................. 15Halftone Screens ................................................................................................................... 17

Optimizing Images for Your Printing Process................................................................................... 18File Size and Performance ..................................................................................................... 18Bit Depth ............................................................................................................................... 18Image Size ............................................................................................................................ 18Compression ......................................................................................................................... 19Observed Files Sizes ............................................................................................................. 20Right Sizing Files................................................................................................................... 21

Table of Contents

Resampling Images ............................................................................................................... 22Maintaining Consistent Color .................................................................................................. 22Suggestions for Resolution..................................................................................................... 23

Choosing Which Image Format to Use ........................................................................................... 23Supported Image Types ......................................................................................................... 23Some Unsupported Image Types............................................................................................ 24Image Support vs Feature Support ......................................................................................... 24PDL Native Support ............................................................................................................... 25Packaging xPresso Images .................................................................................................... 26Storing Images in the xPression Enterprise Edition Database ................................................... 27Images by Application ............................................................................................................ 28Use G4 TIFF for Monochrome Images .................................................................................... 29

Picking the Right Format for the PDL.............................................................................................. 29How xPression Enterprise Edition Decides Which Format to Use .............................................. 30Image Type Limitations .......................................................................................................... 30How xPression Enterprise Edition Determines the Image DPI ................................................... 30How to Customize the Image Format Selection........................................................................ 30General Image Type Recommendations for Your PDL.............................................................. 33

How xPression Enterprise Edition Handles Images ......................................................................... 34The xAdmin Image Utility........................................................................................................ 35Images in Your xDesign Documents........................................................................................ 36Images in Your xPresso Documents........................................................................................ 36Printer Resident Images......................................................................................................... 36Printer Resident Images and xDesign ..................................................................................... 36

How xPression Workgroup Edition Handles Images ........................................................................ 37Image Variables and External Images ..................................................................................... 37Configuring How the xPression WE Server Handles Missing Images......................................... 38JPEG Images ........................................................................................................................ 38

3 Using Fonts......................................................................................................................................... 39Anatomy of a Font......................................................................................................................... 39

Glyphs .................................................................................................................................. 39Font Metrics .......................................................................................................................... 40

Encoding ...................................................................................................................................... 40Single Byte and Double Byte .................................................................................................. 41WINANSI .............................................................................................................................. 41Unicode ................................................................................................................................ 42

Font Formats ................................................................................................................................ 43Adobe Type 1 ........................................................................................................................ 43TrueType (.TTF) .................................................................................................................... 43OpenType ............................................................................................................................. 44AFP Fonts............................................................................................................................. 44

Using Fonts .................................................................................................................................. 44Embedding Fonts .................................................................................................................. 45Printer Resident Fonts ........................................................................................................... 45

Table of Contents

Subsetting............................................................................................................................. 46User-Created Fonts ............................................................................................................... 46

How xPression Enterprise Edition Handles Fonts ............................................................................ 46The Font Management Utility.................................................................................................. 47Fonts in Your xDesign Documents .......................................................................................... 47Fonts in Your xPresso Documents .......................................................................................... 47Migrating Fonts...................................................................................................................... 48

How xPression Workgroup Edition Handles Fonts ........................................................................... 48Changing Font Paths in xPRSConfig.xml................................................................................. 49Loading Fonts ....................................................................................................................... 49AFP Fonts............................................................................................................................. 50Embedding PostScript Fonts .................................................................................................. 51Converting TrueType Fonts to Type 1 Fonts ............................................................................ 51

Fonts and Page Description Languages ......................................................................................... 52PostScript ............................................................................................................................. 52PDF...................................................................................................................................... 54AFP ...................................................................................................................................... 54PCL ...................................................................................................................................... 56Using PCL Fonts with xPression ............................................................................................. 58Embedding Type 1 Fonts in Your Output File in Enterprise Edition ............................................ 60

Font and Data Driven Graphics ...................................................................................................... 60Converting Fonts to FSD Format ............................................................................................ 61

4 Page Description Languages................................................................................................................ 62AFP ............................................................................................................................................. 62

AFP Fonts............................................................................................................................. 62Images on the Enterprise Edition Server ................................................................................. 63Images on the Workgroup Edition Server ................................................................................ 63Building TLE Items................................................................................................................. 63AFP PPD Files ...................................................................................................................... 64Reverse Printing .................................................................................................................... 64Tumble Page......................................................................................................................... 64

HTML........................................................................................................................................... 64PCL ............................................................................................................................................. 64

PCL Font Support .................................................................................................................. 65Images in PCL....................................................................................................................... 65PCL PPD Files ...................................................................................................................... 66

PDF ............................................................................................................................................. 66Using PDF in xPression Enterprise Edition .............................................................................. 66Fonts in PDF ......................................................................................................................... 67Images in PDF....................................................................................................................... 67Reverse Printing .................................................................................................................... 67Tumble Page......................................................................................................................... 67

PostScript..................................................................................................................................... 68PostScript PPD Files.............................................................................................................. 68

Table of Contents

PostScript on Workgroup Edition ............................................................................................ 68Reverse Printing .................................................................................................................... 68Tumble Page......................................................................................................................... 69Fonts in PostScript................................................................................................................. 69PostScript Fonts in Workgroup Edition .................................................................................... 69Images in PostScript .............................................................................................................. 69

Text.............................................................................................................................................. 70TIFF............................................................................................................................................. 70

5 Glossary ............................................................................................................................................. 71Adobe Type 1 Fonts ...................................................................................................................... 71Bit Depth ...................................................................................................................................... 71Embedding ................................................................................................................................... 71Encoding ...................................................................................................................................... 71Font Metrics ................................................................................................................................. 72Glyphs ......................................................................................................................................... 72ICC Color Profiles ......................................................................................................................... 72Kerning ........................................................................................................................................ 72Lossless Compression .................................................................................................................. 72Lossy Compression....................................................................................................................... 73Page Description Language (PDL) ................................................................................................. 73Pixels ........................................................................................................................................... 73Resolution .................................................................................................................................... 73Spot Color .................................................................................................................................... 73Subsetting .................................................................................................................................... 74Unicode........................................................................................................................................ 74WINANSI...................................................................................................................................... 74

IntrIntrIntroductionoductionoduction 1Introduction

This guide provides in-depth information about managing fonts and images in the xPression outputprocessing system.

Boxes and Revision BarsThe following colored boxes alert you to special information in the documentation.

CAUTIONThe caution box warns you that a fatal error, unsatisfactory output, or loss of data may occur if youdo not follow the directions carefully.

Tip

A tip offers suggestions to simplify a task or describes a useful shortcut. They may also describe analternate way to use the techniques described in the text.

Note

A note offers information that emphasizes or supplements important points of the main text.

Revision bars help you locate new or changed information. Look for these revision bars in the rightmargin of each affected page.

Solution SupportFor more information or to solve a problem, contact Document Sciences Solution Support:

Telephone: (760) 602-1500

Fax: (760) 602-1515

World Wide Web: http://support.docscience.com

E-mail: [email protected]

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http://support.docscience.com

ImaImaImagesgesges 2Images

The simplest definition of a digital image is that it is a rectangular array of Pixels. The pixel is thesmallest and most basic unit of a digital image. Think of a piece of graph paper, where each squarecan be a color. A pixel plays the same role in a digital image.

When images are represented on an imaging device at a particular size, they acquire Resolution.The resolution of an image is the number of pixels per unit measure when displayed on a particularimaging device.

For example, if you display a 100 x 100 pixel image at a size of 1” by 1”, the image resolution would be100 DPI (dots per inch). The same image could be scaled to 2"x2" and would then have the resolutionof 50 DPI. Notice that the image itself does not have resolution, it only acquires resolution whendisplayed at a particular size. Some image formats include the image size in their definition, but thisconcept is artificial and exists only because it is convenient for many applications.

Digital images are represented as raster images or vector graphics. Raster graphics represent imagesas a collection of pixels. Vector graphics use a series of drawing commands in a page descriptionlanguage designed to draw the graphic at the resolution of the output device.

Bit DepthIf a pixel is a square on a piece of graph paper (that represents your image) then Bit Depth is thenumber of colors you can use to fill that square. With a binary image (1-bit per pixel), you have onlyone color - black (the paper is white). With a CMYK image (32-bit per pixel), you can use up to4,294,967,296 different colors.

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Chapter 2 — Images

Black and WhiteThe smallest type of image is the binary image where one bit is used to represent each pixel. With thistype of image, photographic gray tones can be reproduced using several methods.

Diffusion Dither PatternDithering scatters different colored pixels in an image to make it appear as though there areintermediate colors in images with a limited color palette.

This image has been reproduced using a diffusion dither pattern using Adobe Photoshop. To the right,see a close up of the dither pattern on the beach ball.

Halftone ScreenThe more common way to represent shades of gray in a black and white raster format is the halftonescreen. Halftone is a technique that simulates continuous tone imagery through the use of equallyspaced dots of varying size. This image has been reproduced using a halftone screen. To the right,see a close up of the halftone screen on the beach ball.

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GrayscaleGrayscale images are composed exclusively of shades of neutral gray, varying from black at theweakest intensity to white at the strongest. Grayscale images use 8-bits per pixel. Each pixel isdefined as a black value between 0 and 255. Grayscale images are distinct from black-and-whiteimages in that they have many shades of gray in between black and white. This is the same imagerepresented as a grayscale file.

Indexed ColorIndexed color also uses only 8-bits per pixel, but adds color. Indexed color works by creating a paletteof colors (256) and only using those colors in the image. This is the same image represented asan indexed color image file.

When creating indexed color, the palette (the complete set of colors available) determines the colorfidelity. Programs that create indexed color files can either use a standard palette (like the standard256 color palette used by Windows) or an adaptive palette. To create an adaptive palette you must usea program that analyzes the colors in the image and picks the 256 that will best represent the image.

In all indexed color images, the original RGB or CMYK values are replaced by the closest palette valueusing dithering when necessary. Indexed color files can be grayscale, RGB or CMYK depending uponwhat values are in the palette. Successful use of indexed color depends upon the use of color in theimage and the skill of the developer who created the algorithm for picking the palette of colors to use.

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RGBThe RGB color model is native to devices like televisions and computer monitors. It is called theAdditive model, because you start out with black, and if you add 100% of Red, Green, and Blue youget white. This is the same image represented as an RGB color image file.

In this model, each pixel is defined by 3 8-bit quantities representing red, green, and blue. 128, 128,128 would be a gray color. 0,0,0 would be black, and 255, 255, 255 would be white.

This is not the native color model for printing, and thus must be converted to CMYK before it can beprinted. As you will see in RGB vs CMYK, this is a highly subjective process.

CMYKIn a CMYK image, each pixel is represented by 4 8-bit values, each representing the colors Cyan,Magenta, Yellow and Black. This is the same image represented as an CMYK color image file.

This is the native color model for printing and is used for most print applications. There are colormodels with more colors that use additional colors (to more faithfully reproduce blues, flesh tonesetc.), but they are not supported by xPression. CMYK is called the subtractive color model becausethe paper starts out white, and by adding transparent ink, less and less light is reflected from thepaper to your eye.

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RGB vs CMYKRGB color can reproduce basically the same range of colors as CMYK with only 75% of the data, sowhy use CMYK? RGB to CMYK is more like a translation than a direct conversion. This translation ismuch like translating from one language to another.

• As with language, some meaning (color) can be lost in the translation

• As with language when you translate RGB > CMYK > RGB you will not get the same valueyou began with

• As with language, the translation may be different depending upon who translates it(Photoshop, the printer, or xPression image converters)

Spot Colors and Hilight ColorBoth RGB and CMYK color models use a number of colors in combination to recreate all colors.Spot or highlight color models do not attempt to recreate all colors, instead each color is printedwith its own ink.

Spot color is used when a process color (CMYK equivalent) is not sufficient. For example, if you areCoke, there is a specific "Coke Red" color that is required. If you are printing a color brochure, you willuse CMYK plus a spot color in "Coke Red." The spot color will only be used when printing the logo orother things that you specifically want in that color.

Even though 5 colors are being used, the 5th color is NOT used in combination with CMYK, is used inspecific spots to provide an exact color match. It is not uncommon in high-end print applications touse many spot colors in addition to CMYK. When generating output, each highlight or spot color isgiven its own 8-bit image (256 shades).

In offset printing there are a number of ink vendors who sell specific colors of ink (For example,Pantone and Focoltone). PMS (Pantone Matching System) colors are very commonly used as spotcolor. When offset printing, you can use black plus one spot to be equivalent to digital highlight color,also at a much lower production cost.

Advanced FeaturesThere are a number of advanced features that are available when reproducing images. These featuresare extensions of the basic concept of an image and are not available in all client applications, printstreams or image formats. For a list of features and their support across image formats and PDLs, seeImage Support vs Feature Support.

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TransparencyImage transparency is the ability to define a portion of an image so that it does not appear, allowingthe background to show. Transparency allows the background to completely show through.

Images are rectangular arrays of pixels. If your image is not rectangular, you need transparency toavoid displaying the full rectangular image as shown in the example on the right.

This feature is not supported by every image format or by every page description language.

Clipping PathIn PostScript you can define an enclosed area (a path) that will be preserved while the rest of theimage is cut off or clipped.

Transparent PixelsCertain pixels within the image can be designated as transparent. Where these pixels appear, theimage is transparent and the background shows through.

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TranslucencyTranslucency is where various objects can be layered using the opacity setting available in applicationslike Adobe InDesign.

In this example, there is a box with a gradient fill in the back ground, a translucent duck, an opaqueduck and finally the letters EPS in the front.

This feature is not supported by xPression. The reason is that this is not a natural function provided byany print stream. The work around for this feature is to montage images in a program like Photoshop.

Color ManagementColor management is the controlled conversion between the color representations of various devices(such as digital cameras, monitors, TV screens, film printers, computer printers, and offset presses)and corresponding media.

The primary goal of color management is to obtain a good color match across devices such as printersand monitors. This goal is accomplished by measuring the response of each color managed deviceand compensating for its inaccuracies when displaying colors. Each managed device has an ICC(International Color Consortium) profile that describes its response. ICC color profiles embedded inimages are supported in PDF but not in other streams.

Note

ICC color profiles are not honored when images are resampled. For this reason, do not useResampling with color managed images.

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Vector GraphicsVector Graphics use a series of drawing commands in a page description language to draw thegraphic. Vector graphics are always images at the resolution of the output device (for PDF, thecomputer monitor). In a PDF file, you could zoom to 2000% and never see the effects of pixelization(the ability to see stair stepping or large pixels in an image). For this reason, vector files are called"resolution independent." The benefits of vector graphics are also apparent when printing documentsat high resolution.

Raster images have a fixed number of pixels. As you enlarge them, the pixels become larger andthe resolution (the number of pixels per unit measure) goes down. For this reason raster images arecalled "resolution dependent."

CAD (Computer Aided Design) programs, Adobe Illustrator, CorelDraw and other programs can createvector graphic files. Outline fonts are also examples of vector graphics.

Metafile FormatsCertain programs allow you to combine vector graphics and images in a single file. These formats arecalled Metafile formats. The most well known are WMF (Windows Metafile), PostScript, and PDF.

Reproducing Images on Digital DevicesThe majority of xPression users produce electronic documents or documents for print on digitalprinters. This section will discuss the issues related to maintaining the balance between productionefficiency and image quality for these devices.

How Printers WorkIn this section, we will walk through the process that illustrates how printers receive, process, andproduce xPression documents.

First, xPression produces an output file in one of several page description languages (PDLs) such asPDF, PostScript, AFP, or PCL. The file is sent to the printer through a batch or transactional process.

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These files are then converted into binary images at the device resolution for each color to be printed.This process is called rasterization. In PostScript, this process is performed by the RIP (Raster ImageProcessor). The rasterization or RIP process merges all images, vector graphics, and text into a singleimage that can be fed to the marking engine.

For example, if you have a 600 DPI Black and white printer, the result of the RIP process is a 1-bitimage at 600 DPI. For a full color printer, it would be 4 1-bit images corresponding to C, M, Y, andK marking engines. Next, the file is rasterized.

This image is transferred to the marking engine. In a laser printer, a laser aimed at a photo-sensitivedrum writes the image onto the drum of the printer. Each pixel is reproduce by having a laser shine ornot shine at a point on the drum. This changes the magnetic qualities of the drum. As the drum turns itpicks up magnetized plastic powder called toner.

Paper is charged with a reverse polarity so that it attracts the powder, and the paper passes bythe drum magnetically transferring the toner to the paper. The paper is then heated to a very hightemperature in a fusing unit to melt the toner onto the paper.

There are a number of different marking engine technologies (ink jet, dye sublimination, etc.), but theyall take the same input (an image device resolution) and produce the same output (paper). Finally,the marking engine produces the printed output.

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PDFPDF is viewed using Adobe Acrobat. Acrobat is an RGB RIP. It takes PDF files, which are in a metafileformat, rasterizes them to screen resolution in RGB, and displays them on your monitor. When printingfrom Acrobat, the print driver converts the PDF into a PDL appropriate for your printer.

Halftone ScreensOn most digital print devices, each color is defined by a 1-bit image. As a result, the image can onlycontain ink or not contain ink.

In order to simulated shades of gray, a process called halftoning or screening is used.

The device pixels are divided into halftone cells, and some number of those pixels are colored toapproximate tints of the color being imaged.

In the sample above, the halftone cell is 8x8 pixels (64 total pixels). The cell on in the lower left handcorner has 32 pixels colored black and is representing 50% black. Because there are 64 total pixels,this scenario can only represent 64 shades of gray.

The following list contains tips for using halftone screens:

• When producing a screened photographic image, the effective resolution can be no higherthan the screen frequency (typically between 60 and 130 lines per inch (LPI)) as a halftonecell can represent only one pixel of an image.

• The number of colors that can be represented in a halftoned image are directly related tothe LPI of the screens used to reproduce them.

• The higher the LPI of the screen, the smaller the halftone cell in device pixels, and the fewerthe shades of gray that can be reproduced.

• Despite the fact that we save images with 256 colors or gray shades, digital printing cannot reproduce 256 shades of any color because of limits imposed by screens and by thedevices themselves.

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Optimizing Images for Your Printing ProcessBy default, xPression does a great job of optimizing the performance and quality of images used indocuments. In general, you don’t have to think too much about how they function, they just work.There are particular jobs and particular images that require fine tuning. Usually, there are two majorissues to consider: File size and image quality. Larger file sizes do not always equate to better quality.This section will focus on how to optimize file size for performance and quality.

File Size and PerformanceIn PDL files, the image is usually the largest component and contributes most to the file size. Imagesslow down every document creation and management process:

• Creating the PDL file (xPublish)• Storage of the files (Network disk space)• Spooling (Network bandwidth and maybe making another copy of the big files)• Processing at the Printer (Printer or server in front of the printer)• Archiving output (Archive system)• Retrieval of archive output (Viewer)

In most workflows, large image file sizes affect performance in many different areas for each outputfile. If you are using many images, it makes sense to attempt to optimize them.

In general, handling large images will hurt the performance of any digital system, so it is always inthe interest of users to ensure your images are detailed enough to be good quality, and compactenough to lessen the impact on performance. There are three major things that effect image filesize: Bit depth, image size, and compression.

Bit DepthBit depth effects file size in a linear way. For example:

Binary (1-bit per pixel) = 1 MB

Grayscale or indexed color (8-bit per pixel) = 8 MB

RGB Color Image (24-bit per pixel) = 24 MB

CMYK Color image (32-bit per pixel) = 32 MB

As the bit depth is increased, the size of the file also increases based on the number of bits per pixel.

Image SizeImage size effects the file size in a non-linear way. For example, if you had a binary image sized to8.5” x 11” at 300 DPI, the total number of pixels can be calculated as follows:

8.5 x 11 x 300 x 300 = 1.05 MB

If we double the resolution we make the file four times bigger.

8.5 x 11 x 600 x 600 = 4.02 MB

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CompressionCompression has both performance advantages and disadvantages. It can dramatically reduce filesizes, but also requires more processing time to perform compression and decompression.

With xPression, we have optimized compression and decompression so that in most cases theperformance benefits of compression outweigh the processing time required. There are two basictypes of image compression: Lossless and Lossy.

Lossless CompressionLossless compression refers to compression techniques in which no data is lost. The PKZIP, ZIP, andTAR compression technologies are example of lossless compression. For most types of data, losslesscompression techniques can reduce the space needed by only about 50%. These compressionschemes encode redundant data with a description of that data. For example:

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Lossless compression can compress this redundant string in this way: 32 zeros

When Lossless compression decompress the string, it is reproduced exactly. If you think of imageslike faxed documents, there is a lot of white area that will compress very well. If you try the same thingwith the following string, you will notice that compression is not as effective:

010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010

In fact, when compressing non-repetitive data, file sizes can actually be larger after compressionthan before.

Lossy CompressionRefers to data compression techniques in which some amount of data is lost. Lossy compressiontechnologies attempt to eliminate redundant or unnecessary information. When you compress anddecompress data with lossy compression, you may retrieve data that is different from the original, butclose enough to be useful in some way.

Lossy compression is most commonly used to for to compress multimedia data (MP3, video, JPEG).While you lose data, the benefits to file size are substantial.

Image DetailsOriginal image

108.5k uncompressed

84% less information

9.37k

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Image Details92% less information

4.82k

98% less information

1.14k

Lossy compression is most effective on photographic images, but the loss of quality may be morenoticeable when trying to produce line art and text.

Notice the file on the right has "noise" or "artifacts" introduced as a result of the compression.

The level of compression and the resolution of the image are very important to lossy compression.If the image is of a very high resolution or the compression is not set to the highest values, lossycompression can be very effective.

Observed Files SizesTo demonstrate the wide range of file sizes that can be derived from the same image, the followingchart shows the same image saved in different image formats and bit depths. .

The file size can range from 30 to 550k depending on the format and bit depth. You will notice somegaps in the chart because all formats are not supported by all file types. EPS files were saved in twoformats: JPG medium compression and Binary

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Some notes and observations from this chart:

• The smallest file size was the 1-bit black and white GIF file at 13.4k, the largest was theCMYK EPS file at 553k.

• While indexed color is not supported by JPEG or PNG, RGB can represent the sameinformation with better color fidelity

• Indexed color does not show much of a file size improvement over RGB. This is probably aresult of the fact that the image was small. The palette must be saved in the file along withthe data. If it were a very large image, I would expect smaller sizes.

• G4 TIFF did not do very well compressing this image. G4 TIFF is not optimized forcompressing photographic images.You can expect better compression on text pages or lineart (it is the compression format used in FAX machines).

Right Sizing FilesThe general procedure for handling performance issues is to build the system as quickly and efficientlyas possible, then test the performance. If the performance is not sufficient, you can look for ways toimprove it. This is the case when dealing with images in xPression.

However you must also consider the scale and lifetime impact of a job. If the job is large in scale orlong in duration, a few excessively large images could have a very high lifetime impact and should bedealt with despite the fact that they meet initial performance requirements.

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Resampling ImagesxPublish has the ability to resample images to a lower resolution, which results in smaller file sizes.Resampling is done at the Output Definition level.

You can resample images for AFP, PostScript, PDF, and TIFF Output Definitions.

Output Definitions are one of the three components that make up an output stream. By resamplingimages in your Output Definition, you can control which documents are affected by creating multiplestreams. The primary use case for this feature is that it allows you to build a document for output inhigh-resolution print (300-600 DPI) and then create a stream for PDF that is at a lower resolution (forexample, 96 DPI). This dramatically decreases file sizes for PDF. The downside is that image qualityand color fidelity may suffer. Use this feature with caution.

Additionally, ICC profiles are not honored when the image is resampled. Do not use resampling withimages that use ICC profiles.

Maintaining Consistent ColorThe biggest problem in maintaining consistent color is the subjective nature of the conversion betweenRGB and CMYK color. This will not be an issue for most images, but if high-fidelity color is needed,follow these suggestions:

• Use only RGB or only CMYK color. By eliminating this conversion, you ensure the colorswill always be consistent.

• Always include images that can be handled natively by the PDL. If you start with the imagetype that is native to your PDL, that image type will be available when producing yourdocuments. This ensures your colors remain consistent because there is no need forxPression to do an automatic conversion of your images.

• ICC profiles are only honored in PDF output. They are ignored by all other PDLs.

• Do not use the resampling feature if you are using images with ICC profiles, they will not behonored.

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Suggestions for ResolutionImage resolution is usually the first setting to adjust when tuning for performance. As a generalguideline, the resolution for photographic images usually never needs to be more than 200 DPI. Todetermine an acceptable resolution for your images, print a representative image at 100, 125, 150,175, 200, 225, and 250 DPI. Compare the images and choose the lowest resolution that meetsyour requirements.

In many instances, it can be hard to tell the difference between images above 125 DPI. However,this will be different for different types of images. For example, if you are reproducing images thatcontain text and line-art, the resolution will need to be higher, but typically the bit depth can be lower.For these files your test can range from 175 DPI to 400 DPI or higher depending the quality of yourprinting process.

Choosing Which Image Format to UseAs we have learned, all images are rectangular arrays of pixels. Why should there be more thanone file format for storing them? Different formats are better for different types of images, and alsofor different types of output devices. As a result, we have to perform a multi-dimensional analysisto resolve the issue.

Supported Image TypesxPublish supports the following image types.

• JPEG (.jpg, .jpeg)• Flate (zlib/zip)• Group 4• GIF (.gif)• EPS (.eps)• PCL• PDF (.pdf)• PNG (.png)• TIFF (.tif) - xPression supports B/W, Gray, RGB Palette and RGB TIFF.• Windows Bitmap (.bmp)• Documentum Image - Image from EMC Documentum Docbase. Can only be added through

xDesign.

Note

xPression uses EPS images, not PostScript (PS) images. If you attempt to import PS images throughxAdmin, xPression will create an exception. If you have PS images you want to use with xPression,please recreate them as EPS.

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Some Unsupported Image TypesThe following image formats and types are not supported.

Image Type DescriptionAnimated GIFs Animated GIFs are not supported. Animated GIFs are comprised of a number

of images in the same file. The animation effect occurs when an application,like Internet Explorer, switches between the images. If you import an animatedGIF, xPression extracts only the first image in the sequence.

EPS Image with TIFFProof/Preview

If you import an EPS image that contains a TIFF proof or preview, xPressionwill only import the TIFF image because the TIFF proof precedes the EPSimage in the file. xPression will treat the image as a TIFF and not as an EPS.

Certain CompressedTIFFS

xPression only supports the following compressions: Uncompressed, HuffmanRLE (CCITT 1D), Group 4, LZW and PackBits compressions.

CMYK TIFFs inxPression EnterpriseEdition

Only B/W, Gray, RGB Palette and RGB TIFF images are supported. CMYKTIFFs are a very specialized subdivision of the TIFF standard. They aregenerally device specific and restricted to color pre-press applications.

Image Support vs Feature SupportThis chart shows some popular image formats and the features that xPression can support in each.

BW Grayscale In-dexed

RGB CMYK Spot Trans-parency

JPEG no √ no √ √ no no

EPS √ √ √ √ √ √ √

PDF √ √ √ √ √ √ √

GIF √ √ √ no no no √

TIFF ColorLZW

√ √ √ √ √ no no*

TIFF MonoLZW, G4, NoCompression

√ no no no no no no*

TIFF HuffmanRLE

√ no no no no no no*

PNG no √ √ √ no no √

BMP √ √ √ √ no no no

Flate

* TIFF does support transparency; however the transparency that it produces is not supported byxPression. TIFF is a very open, flexible format that allows just about anything to be stored within it.Most applications, including xPression, support only a subset of what TIFF can do.

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PDL Native SupportIdeally, it is best to choose image formats that are native to the output stream you are creating.When the format is native to the output stream, the image can be copied without decoding into thePDL. When utilizing the xPublish content stamp feature with images, you must choose a formatthat is supported natively by the PDL. The following table identifies which image types and featuresare natively supported for each PDL.

PDL Support Color / Feature Support

PDF PS AFP PCL BW Gray In-dexedColor

RGBColor

CMYKColor

SpotColor

Trans-parency

TIFFG4

√ √ √ √ √ no no no no no no

TIFFHuff-manRLE

√ √ √ no √ no no no no no no

TIFFLZW


TIFFun-comp


JPEG √ √ √ no no √ no √ √ no no

EPS no √ √ no √ √ √ √ √ √ √

GIF √ no √ no √ √ √ no no no no

PDF √ no no no √ √ √ √ √ √ √

TIFFColorLZW

√ no no no √ √ √ √ √ no no

PNG √ no no no no √ √ √ no no √

BMP no no no no √ √ √ √ no no no

PCLPCL 5 does not support color (black and white only), and only supports black and white TIFF images.To get images to output in PCL, you must start with a G4 Tiff image.

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Packaging xPresso ImagesxPresso creates multiple versions of an image when the file is packaged. External images used inimage variables are not included in your package. The following table shows how xPresso applicationsstore your images when a document is packaged. Formats highlighted in bold indicate that the formatis the original file placed in the document.

Image Type xPresso Application

Image Color Sub-Type

xPresso forWord Package

xPresso forInDesignPackage

xPresso forDreamweaverPackage

Mono HuffRLE

Mono LZW

Mono Bi-nary

GIF, PNG, JPEG

Mono G4

Mono G3

TIFF

Color JPEG

TIFF

GIF, JPEG, PNG

BMP RGB PNG BMP, GIF, JPEG,PNG

RGBEPS

CMYK

JPEG EMF EPS, GIF, JPEG,PNG

RGBJPEG

CMYK

JPEG GIF, JPEG, PNG

RGBPDF

CMYK

PDF, GIF, JPEG,PNG

GIF In-dex

GIF GIF, JPEG, PNG

PNG RGB PNG GIF, JPEG, PNG

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Storing Images in the xPression Enterprise Edition DatabaseWhen you save an image in an xDesign document, upload an image to the xPression databasethrough xAdmin, or import an image through a PDPX, xPression stores the image in a particularformat, or series of formats. The following charts shows how xPression stores your images. Formatshighlighted in bold indicate that the format is the original file placed in the document.

Image Color Sub-Type

Format(s) Storedin the xPressionDatabase

Mono HuffRLE

Mono LZW

Mono Bi-nary

G4

Mono G4 G4

Mono G3 G4

TIFF

Color JPEG PNG, JPEG

BMP RGB BMP, PNG, G4 (if BW),JPEG (if color)

RGBEPS

CMYK

JPEG EPS, JPEG, PNG, PDF

RGBJPEG

CMYK

JPEG

RGBPDF

CMYK

PDF, EPS, PNG, JPEG

GIF In-dex

GIF, PNG, G4 (for BW),JPEG (for color)

PNG RGB PNG, G4 (for BW), JPEG(for color)

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Images by ApplicationThe following table describes image requirements and suggested formats to fulfill the requirements.

Requirement Sug-gested

Comments

Black and white

Small file size

CITT G4TIFF

This is a very standard, compact way to storemonochrome images.

CITT G4 TIFF is the format used by faxmachines.

256 colors (8 bit)

Small file size

GIF This is a compact, web oriented format. It issuited for lower color fidelity applications withelectronic formats.

Photographs

Electronic output

Transparency

PNG This is a compact RGB format that supportstransparency.

It is ideally suited for electronic outputs, but willnot maintain transparency in PostScript, and islimited to RGB color.

High QualityColor

Photographs(RGB, CMYK)

JPG JPG is lossy, meaning that its file size is reducedby removing parts of the image.

JPG is very compact and a great format forphotographs.

High QualityColor

Line art,photographs,clipping paths,etc.

All color models

EPS This format is only supported by PostScript andsome AFP devices.

This is the only format suitable for imagesapplications that require clipping paths.

When making PDF a PNG version of the EPSfile is created. This PNG file will support clippingpaths if they are contained in the EPS file.

Alpha channels are not supported fortransparency.

CMYK or othercolor models

JPEG orEPS

In EPS, any color model can be used, provided itis supported by the output device.

RGB JPEG,EPS, orPNG

Cropping All Cropping is supported

Rotation All Image rotation is supported.

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Requirement Sug-gested

Comments

Scaling All Scaling is supported

Transparency EPSwithclippingpath

This is the only format that will work fortransparency in PostScript.

When EPS files with clipping paths are used forPostScript, an RGBA PNG file is created for usein PDF. The RGBA (A is for alpha and indicatesalpha channel support) allows for transparencyin the PDF stream for EPS images.

All other methods of defining transparency arenot supported in PostScript.

Opacity All Opacity is not supported.

Use G4 TIFF for Monochrome ImagesFor single bit images, G4 TIFF is the most popular option. It offers excellent compression anduniversal compatibility. Importantly, most output devices have specific hardware acceleration tosupport this format, increasing performance at the printer where it really counts. The PCL Emitteronly accepts G4, LZW and uncompressed monochrome TIFF files.

Picking the Right Format for the PDLIt is true that xPression will do image conversion. Most of the time you should not need or want tocare about the image format. If you really want to optimize image usage, then you should start withthe image format that is best suited for your output. In this section we will show you how xPressiondecides which image format to use for your output PDL, we will show you how to customize this formatselection, and give you some recommendations on which image type to use for your output PDLs.

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How xPression Enterprise Edition Decides Which Format to UseWhen you place any image into the xPression database, xPression automatically generates an imageformat compatible with Web output to support previewing the image from xAdmin. The following tableshows xPression’s image format and output type compatibility.

PDL Type Default Image SelectionFull-Color EPS, JPG, JPEG, TIFF

HighlightColor

EPS, JPG, JPEG, TIFF

Post-Script

BW EPS, JPG, JPEG, TIFF

Full-Color JPG, JPEG, GIF, TIF, TIFF, G4

HighlightColor

xPublish does not support AFP Highlight color. IfxPublish encounters an AFP highlight color image, it willbe converted to black and white.

AFP

BW JPG, JPEG, GIF, TIF, TIFF, G4

Email andHTML

PNG, JPG, JPEG, GIF, BMP

PDF TIF, TIFF, PDF, PNG, JPG, JPEG, GIF, BMP

PCL TIF, TIFF

Image Type LimitationsSome image types that are supported by xPression are not supported by all output types. Thefollowing limitations apply:

• PDF supports all image types supported by xPression• PostScript supports all image formats supported by xPression except PNG.• PCL supports Group4 only

How xPression Enterprise Edition Determines the Image DPIFor raster images (TIFF, GIF, BMP, JPG) xPression determines the dpi resolution of auto-generatedimages by attempting to use the image resolution value embedded in the image. If the value is notembedded in the image, xPression uses the default resolution of 72 dpi.

For PDF and PostScript images, xPression converts these images to raster images, assigning dpivalues as follows:

• 300 dpi for Print images• 96 dpi for Web images

How to Customize the Image Format SelectionYou can customize how xPression selects image formats for your PDL in two ways. First, you cancustomize the default image format selection for each PDL by editing the DCPI.properties file onyour server. This change affects the entire xPression system. Secondly, you can customize the

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image format selection for individual output streams. These output stream settings override thedefault preferences set in the DCP1.properties file.

Customizing the Default Image Format Selection MethodsYou can customize the default image format selection method by editing properties in theDCPI.properties file location on your server. This file is located in the xPressionHome directory (bydefault, C:\xPression). The changes made to this file affect the entire xPression system, but will beoverwritten by any preferences you set in the individual output stream.

The DCPI.properties file contains five properties that enable you to specify the image format selectionpreference:

• ImagePreferenceForPS

• ImagePreferenceForAFP

• ImagePreferenceForHTML

• ImagePreferenceForPDF

• ImagePreferenceForPCL

To edit the file:

1. On your server, navigate to the xPressionHome directory.

2. Locate and open the DCPI.properties file.

3. Locate the following section in the DCPI.properties file.#BarcodeResolution=72## Image format preference for different output type. When a image is selected orcreated# the format preference will be concerned.##ImagePreferenceForPDF=tif;tiff;pdf;jpg;jpeg;png;gif;bmpImagePreferenceForPS=eps;jpg;jpeg;tifImagePreferenceForAFP=jpg;jpeg;gif;tif;tiff;group4ImagePreferenceForHTML=png;jpg;jpeg;gif;bmpImagePreferenceForPDF=tif;tiff;pdf;png;jpg;jpeg;gif;bmpImagePreferenceForPCL=tif;tiff

4. Locate the property for your output PDL. For example, for PostScript:

ImagePreferenceForPS=eps;jpg.jpeg;tif

5. The first image format listed in the value of the property is the first image xPression attempts toselect for the output PDL.

6. Change the order as needed and save the DCPI.properties file when completed.

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Customizing Output Stream Image Format SelectionYou can customize the image format selection method at the output stream level in xAdmin.

The Image Preference button enables you to reorder the image format preference for your outputstream.

The preferences defined here overwrite the default image format selection preferences defined in theDCPI.properties file. The preferences defined here apply only to the documents in the output stream.

To set the image preference for the output stream:

1. Start xAdmin and click xPublish Output Management.

2. In the xPublish Output Management menu, click Stream Definitions.

3. Locate the Image Preference button and corresponding text box.

4. Click Image Preference. The Image Preference pop-up box appears.

The Image Preference pop-up box enables you to select and order output formats.

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5. The Available Images list contains all available image types. The Images list displays all imagetypes you have selected for the current output stream. To move image types from the AvailableImages list to the Images list, select the image type and click Add.

6. Once you have all of your image types in the Images list, you can order the images by selectingthem and clicking the Move Up and Move Down buttons. Images at the top of the list areselected first, images at the bottom of the list are selected last.

7. When finished, click Open. The selections you made appear in the Image Preference text box.

8. Click Save.

General Image Type Recommendations for Your PDLThe following table provides general image type recommendations for your PDL.

xPressofor Word

xPresso forInDesign

xDesign

AFP Black and WhiteHigh Speed

G4 TIFF G4 TIFFs asexternal images

G4 TIFF

PCL G4 TIFF G4 TIFFs asexternal images

G4 TIFF

AFP Color JPEG JPEG JPEG

PostScript EPS /JPEG

EPS / JPEG EPS / JPEG

PostScript withTransparency

EPS EPS EPS

PDF JPEG PDF, JPEG orPNG if you needtransparency

PDF or JPEG

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How xPression Enterprise Edition Handles ImagesIn the xPression Enterprise Edition environment, images can be stored in three locations.

• The xPression database - Most images are stored on the xPression database and managedthrough the Image Utility in xAdmin. You can directly upload images to the xPressiondatabase through xAdmin, let xPression automatically upload images to xAdmin afterthey are used in an xDesign content item, or import an ECM Documentum image to thexPression database through xDesign.

• An ECM Documentum Docbase - You can store images in your ECM DocumentumDocbase. xPression will pull the image from the Docbase when it is viewed or published.

• On the file system - You can insert images as external image references. This enables youto store your images on directory accessible by the xPression server.

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The xAdmin Image UtilityTo access the image utility, click Image Utility from the xAdmin Resource Management menu. TheImage Utility enables you to add, update, preview, and delete images. From the image utility list, youcan complete the following actions.

Element DescriptionAdd Enables you to add a new image family to the xPression database.

Update Enables you to update an existing image family. Select the image family you want toupdate, and click Update.

Preview Enables you to preview an image in the xPression database. Select an image formatand click Preview.

Delete Select one or more image families and click Delete to permanently remove them fromthe xPression database.

Image FamilyName List

Click the image family name to access the image family options.

Importing an Image to the Image Management UtilityWhen you import an image into the xPression database, you are really setting up an image family forthe different versions of the image you might need. To add a new image:

1. From the Image Management Utility page, click Add.

2. The Add Image Family page appears. You can specify the family name and specify an optionalweb format. Supply a name for the image family. The name must be between 1 and 255alphanumeric characters in length. The name must be unique and is case-sensitive.

3. In the Import Local Image box, supply the path and file name of the image you want toimport. You can use the Browse button to select an image from your file system, or type thefully-qualified path and filename for the image.

4. The Web Format box enables you to control which image is used for HTML, e-mail, or PDFdocuments. For example, you may want to use a JPEG image or a GIF image of a particularresolution. If you do not select an image for Web format, xPression automatically converts yourimage for web use unless the original image is already in a suitable format. xPression sets theresolution for auto-generated Web images at 100dpi.

You can use the Browse button to select an image from your file system, or type thefully-qualified path and filename for the image.

5. Click Save to upload the selected image to the xPression database.

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Images in Your xDesign DocumentsImages in xDesign documents can originate from four different locations. First, you can upload imagesto your xPression database through xAdmin, and then insert them into your images as needed.Secondly, you can insert images directly into an xDesign content item from your file system. WhenxPression saves the content item in xDesign, it automatically uploads the image to the xPressiondatabase. Third, you can retrieve images from an ECM Documentum Docbase and insert them intoyour content item by reference, or import them into your document and xPression database. Finally,you can insert images as an external reference. This enables you to store images on a networkaccessible directory and simply reference that path in your xDesign content item.

Images in Your xPresso DocumentsImages are inserted into your xPresso documents as embedded images or external images usingan image variable. If the image is embedded, the image is included in the xPresso package andis uploaded to the xPression Enterprise Edition database when the document is imported into theEnterprise Edition system.

External images using xPresso image variables require that the image files be placed in a specificdirectory so they can be found during publishing. In Workgroup Edition, this directory is configurable,both during installation, and afterwards in xAdmin. The default directory for images in EnterpriseEdition is {xPression_Home}\Publish\image.

Printer Resident ImagesSome printers enable you to store images in the printer memory. Storing an image in the printermemory increases printing performance because the image does not need to be downloaded from thexPression database. xPression enables you to use this feature by matching your Printer ResidentImages with the images in your xPression database. This feature applies to xDesign content only. Youcannot use this feature for images that reside in documents created by the xPresso applications.

This feature appears in Printer Definitions, which are configured through the xPublish OutputManagement menu in xAdmin Enterprise Edition. In the Printer Resident Image section, you addimages to the list, define their location in your printer memory, and map them to image families fromyour xPression database.

For each image that you store on the printer memory, you must store a copy of that image in thexPression database. xPression uses the xPression database version for viewing and editing purposes.Then you must map your printer resident images to the images in your xPression database.

Adding an image to this list does not actually load the image onto the printer. You must use yourprinter’s import functions to load images to the printer prior to producing your documents.

Printer Resident Images and xDesignYou do not have to perform any specific actions in xDesign to use printer resident images. Simplyinsert your images into your document and ensure that your image has been added to the xPressiondatabase.

In xAdmin you can map images on your printer to images in your xPression database throughprinter definitions. When the printer definition is used in an output profile, xPression will use thesemappings to determine which images to load from the printer and which images to load from thexPression database.

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How xPression Workgroup Edition Handles ImagesThe type of images that the xPression Workgroup Edition Server supports for xPresso for AdobeInDesign and xPresso for Word 2007 document publishing depends on the output type of thedocument.

If you embed an image, xPresso for Adobe InDesign ensures that you have a supported image typefor each output type in your document package. During the package process, xPresso for AdobeInDesign creates a version of the image in a supported format for each output type: .gif for AFP, .pngfor PDF, and .jpg for PostScript. When you publish the document, if you choose an output typethat doesn’t support the original format of the image, the xPRS publishing engine will substitutethe image with the appropriate version created during the package process. Therefore, when yougo to publish the document, no matter what type of output you are creating, you’ll be sure to have asupported image format for all of your images.

If the document contains image variables the image file is incorporated into the document at publishingtime on the xPRS Server. Because the images are inserted at publishing time, and not included in thepackage, it is possible to get errors if images are missing, or incorrectly named or referenced. Forinformation on how to specify what happens when xPRS finds a missing image, see Configuring Howthe xPression WE Server Handles Missing Images.

Image Variables and External ImagesxPresso image variables require that the image files be placed in a specific directory so theycan be found during publishing. In Workgroup Edition, this directory is configurable, both duringinstallation, and afterwards in xAdmin. The default directory for images in Enterprise Edition is{xPression_Home}\Publish\image.

For external and Documentum images inserted through an image variable, you must ensure that theimage format is supported by the xPRS publishing engine for the selected output format. If the imageformat is not supported by the output format, you’ll get errors and unexpected results in your output.

External images referenced through image variables (other than Documentum images) must residein the image directory on the xPresso for Adobe InDesign client computer, as well as in the imagedirectory on the xPRS Server. Both directories are defined at installation time, but the server directorycan be changed on the Default File Paths page of xAdmin. For more information, see the xAdminWorkgroup Edition User Guide.

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Configuring How the xPression WE Server Handles Missing ImagesYou can configure how the xPression Workgroup Edition Server handles a document’s missing imagesduring publishing in the xPRSConfig.xml file. You can choose to have the xPublish publishing enginesubstitute the image, leave the image area blank, or abort publishing the document.

To configure your missing image handling setting:

1. Browse to [xPRS installation directory]\Conf.

2. Open xPRSConfig.xml in an editor, such as Notepad.

3. Under <category name="DCPI">, locate the following line:

<prop name="OnMissingImage" value="Substitute"limit="SELECT:LeaveBlank,Substitute,AbortAndContinue" desc="Processing withmissed image" visible="false" />

4. Set value= to one of the following:

• Substitute. Places a gray box where the image should appear with the image’s pathprinted in the box. This is the default action.

• LeaveBlank. Leaves the image area blank and continues publishing the document.

• AbortAndContinue. Stops publishing the document, and continues with the nextdocument.

5. Save the file.

JPEG ImagesIf the JPEG (.jpg, .jpeg) image has an irregular format, the xPublish publishing engine will not be ableto use it to produce PostScript or AFP output. A JPEG image is “irregular” if it contains one of thefollowing:

• More than one SOI (Start of Image: FFD8) tag. This tag should appear only once at thebeginning of the file.

• More than one SOS (Start of Scan: FFDA) tag. This tag indicates the beginning of theimage scan.

You can use a utility such as IrfanView (http://www.irfanview.com/) to re-save irregular JPEG images,and then use the newly saved images in your document.

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http://www.irfanview.com/

UsingUsingUsing FFFontsontsonts 3Using Fonts

Placing type on a page is a very complex process. All systems that handle documents have a specialmechanism to deal with type and typography. Each font consists of a series of hundreds or eventhousands of unique little pictures. Each page of text may contain thousands of these little pictures.

In order to support this rather complex concept, all page description languages (PDLs) and computeroperating systems have a special mechanism specifically designed to optimize handling of charactersof text.

This section will explain the notions required to support setting of type, how they are described in fontfiles, how they are processed by xPression using various PDLs.

Anatomy of a FontA typeface or font is a very complicated composite object that is made up of a lot of parts. This sectionwill look at the various pieces and how they together provide all of the information necessary todescribe a typeface.

GlyphsGlyphs are the shapes given in a particular typeface to a specific symbol. It is a particular graphicalrepresentation of a character. Think of a font as a lot of very carefully drawn little drawings. The glyphis this little drawing. Different fonts have a different number of glyphs. For example, a font can containa full western character set as well as a full Chinese character set.

Three glyphs representing the same character.

Latin, or Western European languages use a small number of characters, typically less than 30.Chinese and Japanese languages use many thousands of characters.

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Chapter 3 — Using Fonts

Font MetricsFont Metrics define information such as character width and height. Applications that use fontsgenerally stack characters up against each other. Typically the space defined by the font metric iswider than the actual glyph, otherwise characters would touch or overlap.

Font metrics tell applications how much space a character occupies.

All applications that set type must know this information to determine when to break lines, and whereto place the characters relative to each other.

Also included in font metrics are kern pairs. Kerning is the adjustment of the spacing between twospecific characters when they appear together. The classic example is AW.

Kerning can be positive or negative. In the fi kern pair, space is added between the characters.

Kerning is not currently supported by xPression.

EncodingEncoding is the association of a number with a glyph in a font. Characters in text are representedby numeric values. When you press a key on a keyboard, you are really entering a number into thecomputer. The computer takes that number and using the encoding of the font, matches it up to a littledrawing of a character for you. This is encoding.

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Single Byte and Double ByteComputers use binary numbers to store everything. The standard unit is the "Byte." This is an 8-bitquantity that can store 256 values. For Western languages, 256 is plenty of characters to representmost documents, but the Chinese and Japanese languages require thousands of characters. Forthese languages, we need to count higher than just 256, and therefore we need to use a bigger unitthan a byte to store it. If we use 2 bytes we get 216 or 65,536 unique numbers to use to identifycharacters. With xPression we can use single byte, double byte encoding, or both.

For single byte fonts xPression uses WinANSI code page 1252 encoding, for large character setsxPression uses Unicode encoding.

WINANSIWindows-1252 is a character encoding of the Latin alphabet used by default in the legacy componentsof Microsoft Windows in English and some other Western languages. This chart shows how eachhexadecimal number can be associated with a glyph.

Sample of a WINANSI encoding chart.

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The following charts show the advantages and disadvantages in using WINANSI encoding.

Advantages DisadvantagesSupported by most page descriptionlanguages such as PostScript, PDF,AFP, PCL

Only supports 256 characters

Supported by most softwarepackages that process outputfrom page description languages(such as xTest, Emtex and others)

May not support some special bulletcharacters even for western Europeanlanguages

Supported by even the oldestprinters

WINANSI

Text is readable in PDL output files(you can read words in output tohelp with troubleshooting)

UnicodeUnicode is an industry standard allowing computers to consistently represent and manipulate textexpressed in any of the world’s writing systems. The standard itself describes quite a few concepts,the most important for the purposes of this document is the ability to address and manipulate about100,000 characters in any of the world’s writing systems in a standard way.

The following charts show the advantages and disadvantages in using Unicode encoding.

Advantages DisadvantagesAll characters in any font can besupported

Unicode fonts can be very big (20 MB vs50k for small character set fonts)

Can be used for any writing systemincluding Korean, Japanese andChinese

Two bytes need to be used to address eachcharacter (text is not readable in any PDL)

Unicode

Performance may be very slightly slowerbecause of additional processing time fordouble byte characters

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Font FormatsThere are three main font types supported by xPublish. This section will discuss those formats, theirhistory and features. All of the font formats supported by xPublish are outline fonts. Outline fonts useBézier curves, drawing instructions, and mathematical formulas to describe each glyph. The glyphs arestored as scalable drawings that allows fonts to be scaled to any size and used at a variety of rotations.

xPublish supports the following font types:• Adobe Type 1• TrueType (.TTF)• OpenType

Adobe Type 1xPublish supports Type 1 fonts for PDF and PostScript. Type 1 fonts were developed by Adobeas the initial native font format for PostScript and the Apple LaserWriter in 1985. Type 1 fonts arecomposed of two files. One contains the glyphs, and the other the font metrics. PFB, PFM and AFMfiles are used to store Type 1 fonts on all platforms except Macintosh. The Type 1 format supports 256characters, and is not capable of describing large character set fonts.

File Type DescriptionPFB - PrinterFont Binary

Contains glyphs, widths for characters, and basic encoding. This file can betransformed into a PFA file (Printer Font ASCII) that is the actual font formatthat is utilized by PostScript printers.

PFM - PrinterFont Metric

This is a binary file used by Windows and other systems that contains the fontmetrics for the font.

AFM - AdobeFont Metric

This is an ASCII font metric file that contains all of the font metrics for the typeface.

Issues with Type 1 FontsThere are a number of issues with Type 1 fonts that initiated the second generation of PC fonts:

• The Type 1 font format was originally proprietary and encrypted. The industry needed anopen standard which Adobe eventually published, but by then TrueType fonts had been born.

• Font and font metric files are different and not compatible between Mac and PC.• Managing font and font metric files separately really does not make sense.• Type 1 fonts cannot contain more than 256 characters.

TrueType (.TTF)xPublish was designed to use the same TTF fonts used in the Macintosh and Windows operatingsystems. TTF fonts are the xPublish master format. TrueType was originally developed by AppleComputer in the late 1980s as a competitor to Adobe’s Type 1 fonts used in PostScript. TrueType fontssolve all of the previously stated issues. A single binary file contains glyphs, font metrics, and cancontain very large character sets. They can be used on all platforms without modification or conversion.

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OpenTypexPublish supports OpenType fonts for AFP, PDF, and PostScript. xPublish also supports TTF fonts inan OpenType wrapper. OpenType was initially developed by Microsoft, later joined by Adobe Systems.OpenType was first announced in 1996, with a significant number of OpenType fonts starting to shipin 2000-2001. Adobe completed conversion of its entire font library to OpenType around the endof 2002 and now only sells fonts in this format.

AFP FontsxPublish also supports the AFP fonts that meet the following characteristics.

• Must be an AFP Outline font• Must have been created from TrueType font masters stored in the xPression database• Supports double-byte (Unicode) through TTF fonts and single-byte through AFP Outline

fonts• Fonts must use the Latin alphabet

See AFP for more information.

Using FontsFonts are external resources required to reproduce documents. For a document to be reproducedproperly, the fonts need to be available at the device that is trying to reproduce the document.

This could be a computer viewing a document in PDF form or a printer creating paper output.

In a typical workflow, fonts need to be available in several areas:

1. Fonts should be available to the authoring tool (client) so that they can be defined as part ofthe document.

2. They need to be installed on the xPression server to to enable the server to use them whencomposing output.

3. Finally, they need to be available to the printer (or viewer).For the client and the server (items 1 and 2 above), the solution is simple. Fonts used in documentsneed to be installed in both locations.

For printing output (item 3 above), there are two strategies.

1. Embedding Fonts - Including the font in the print stream so that there are no externaldependencies (embedding fonts). You can also embed fonts while using Subsetting.

2. Printer Resident Fonts - storing a version of the fonts in the printer memory

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Embedding FontsIn order to transport documents with reliable fidelity, it is necessary to reduce dependencies on externalfiles such as fonts. This can be done by embedding fonts within the document itself. Documents thatcontain embedded fonts can be reproduced faithfully by using the embedded fonts. When renderingthe document, the font is extracted and fed to the font machinery of the rendering mechanism (PDF,PostScript, AFP, etc.). When embedding fonts, the output files must contain fonts that can range from20k to 20MB depending on the number of characters.

Advantages DisadvantagesFile can be rendered faithfullyanywhere and any time in the future.

Increased output file size.

No environmental dependencies. Increased processing time.

Embed-ding Fonts

Fonts are included one time forthe entire output file.

You can also embed fonts while using Subsetting.

Printer Resident FontsMost printers have a mechanism that allows you to install fonts on the printer so that they are availableeven if the printer is powered down and restarted. Fonts installed in this manner are called printerresident fonts. If a font is known to be printer resident, then it does not need to be embedded in theoutput file.

Advantages DisadvantagesFile sizes are reduced because fontsare not included.

Fonts must be actively managed onprinter(s).

Printer processing time is reducedbecause the font need not bereconstituted and passed to thefont mechanism.

Multiple printers must be kept in sync.

Unable to handle multiple versions of a fontfor different jobs.

PrinterResidentFonts

Most printers substitute fonts when fontsare missing - you may not notice until it istoo late that a font is not working properly.

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SubsettingWith the introduction of TrueType fonts, it became possible to define many thousands of characterswithin a single font. This was designed to support Asian and other large character sets. The problemis that some of these extensive character sets can be in excess of 20 MB when embedded in aprint stream. For example, if you needed to print a page that contained a single character of theArialMTUnicode font and you did not use subsetting, you might end up using 20 MB of font and 500bytes of page description because it would embed the entire font when only one character is needed.

Subsetting embeds only the glyphs used instead of embedding the entire font. For example, manyUnicode fonts contain Arabic and Chinese characters. If you are producing a document in German,you do not need to include these characters.

Advantages DisadvantagesSubsetting Can significantly reduce file size. Text in PDF files can not be edited because

only some of the characters for the font areavailable.

Only the characters used in the jobare included in the print stream - thiscreates the most efficient output files.

Some 3rd party applications that read printstreams will have problems. For example,if you change the page order by placingpage 10 at the beginning of a document. Itmay be counting on characters that weredownloaded with page 7 to be available.

User-Created FontsIf your user-created fonts have license restrictions, you can set the OnFontNotSupported parameter inthe dcpi.properties file. For more information, see DCPI.properties in the Administering the xPressionEnterprise Edition Server book.

How xPression Enterprise Edition Handles FontsIn the xPression Enterprise Edition environment, fonts are stored in three locations:

• The xPression database - All xPublish fonts are stored here as a reference. These fonts areyour master set and are not used in production.

• The xPublish machine - xPression uploads a copy of your fonts to a semi-permanent diskcache located on the machine that processes your documents. Fonts are uploaded whenthey are first used and persist until deleted or updated. These fonts are used for production.

• The client machine - Fonts are stored on the client machine for editing and viewing.

Each time xPression publishes a document, the fonts on the xPublish computer are checked againstthe fonts located in the xPression database. If the needed fonts do not reside on the xPublishcomputer, xPression uploads the fonts from the xPression database. xPression also updates the fontsif the xPression database contains a newer version of the fonts. The fonts remain on the xPublish

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server indefinitely until updated by xPression or specifically removed by the user. The fonts arereused for subsequent jobs.

The locations of fonts on the xPression system.

The semi-permanent disk cache resides in your xPression installation directory. This path is defined inxPressionPublish.properties located in the xPression installation directory. With the exception of AFP,xPression automatically converts all other formats required for publishing.

The Font Management UtilityThe xAdmin Font Management Utility enables you to manually upload, update, and delete fonts fromthe xPression database. This utility manages fonts for the xPublish composition engine, not for theCompuSet composition engine. The Font Management Utility is located in the Resource Managementsection of xAdmin.

Fonts in Your xDesign DocumentsIf you insert a new font into an xDesign document, xPression will automatically upload that font to yourxPression database when you save your content item in xDesign. If you open an xDesign documentthat contains fonts that are not available on your client computer, xDesign will automatically downloadthe needed fonts from the xPression database.

Fonts in Your xPresso DocumentsThe fonts from your xPresso documents reside in a folder on your client. The fonts are not included inthe PDPX package used to import the document to the Enterprise Edition server. The fonts for yourxPresso documents must be manually uploaded to the xPression database through xAdmin.

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Migrating FontsWhen you export or migrate xDesign documents, you have the option to include your fonts in thePDPX package. Please be aware that the fonts will increase the size of your PDPX package. Fontsincluded in the PDPX package are automatically uploaded to the xPression database upon beingmigrated or imported to the xPression server.

When you export xPresso documents, the fonts are not included in package. The fonts for yourxPresso documents must be manually uploaded to the xPression database through xAdmin.

How xPression Workgroup Edition Handles FontsFonts used in your documents must reside in the default font directory on both the client computer, andthe xPression Workgroup Edition Server. At installation, the default font directory is set to the systemdefault font directory for both the client and the xPression Workgroup Edition Server. For example, onWindows, the default directory is C:\Windows\Fonts. For the xPression Workgroup Edition Server,you can change the default font directories on the System Management Default File Paths page ofxAdmin, or directly in the xPRSConfig.xml file.

The file paths you specify here are used by the xPression Workgroup Edition Server during documentpublishing.

Font support and management apply to xPresso for Adobe InDesign and xPresso for Word 2007documents only. You don’t need to worry about fonts if you are publishing xPresso for Dreamweaverpackages.

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The following table summarizes xPression font support for each output type.

OutputType

True-Type

Open-Type

AFPOutline

AdobeType 1

Double-Byte

AFP Yes Yes Yes No Yes

PDF Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Post-Script

Yes Yes No Yes Yes

For more information, see the xAdmin Workgroup Edition User Guide.

Changing Font Paths in xPRSConfig.xmlThe path to the fonts must be established in XPRSConfig.xml. You can define these paths inxAdmin, or directly in the xPRSConfig.xml file. The define the paths through xAdmin, see the xAdminWorkgroup Edition User Guide.

To set font paths in xPRSConfig.xml:

1. Open XPRSConfig.xml for editing. This file is located in <xPRS Installation Directory>\conf\folder.

2. Locate the default_file_paths category. The category will include a number of properties.

3. Locate the property that describes the font in question. For example:prop name="TtfFontPath" type="List" value="C:\WINDOWS\Fonts\;C:\ProgramFiles\Common Files\Adobe\Fonts\" limit="DIR" visible="true" />

This example shows the TrueType font settings with multiple paths to the font.

4. Add the path to your fonts to the value element.

Note

Separate paths with colons (:) on Macintosh and semicolons (;) on Windows.

5. Save the XPRSConfig.xml file.

Loading FontsThe font loading process on the xPression Workgroup Edition Server is as simple as copying the fontsinto their correct directories. The font directories are specified in the Default File Paths page of thexAdmin System Management area and in the xPRSConfig.xml file. For more information, see thexAdmin Workgroup Edition User Guide. There is a directory for AFP fonts, TrueType fonts, andPostScript Type 1 fonts. Copy the necessary fonts into the appropriate directory. It is not necessaryto restart the server when you load new fonts.

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AFP FontsThe xPression Workgroup Edition Server installs four AFP outline fonts, each with four stresses for atotal of 16 fonts. The fonts are Times New Roman, Courier New, Arial, and Arial Narrow. The fourstresses are regular, bold, italic, and bold italic. These fonts are automatically mapped to TrueTypefonts in the xPRSConfig file. If you want to use a different font, you must copy the .oln file into the AFPfont directory specified in xAdmin and add an entry for it in the xPRSConfig file. For more information,see the xAdmin Workgroup Edition User Guide.

If you have a TrueType font that you want to convert into an AFP outline font, there are programs thatyou can purchase to do just that. For example, IBM’s AFP Workbench comes with a program calledType Transformer, which will convert Type 1 fonts into AFP outline fonts. You can follow the stepsin Converting TTF and OTF Fonts to Type 1 to create the Type 1 font, and then use the conversionprogram to produce the outline font. When you have your new font, copy the .oln file into the AFP fontdirectory specified in xDashboard, and add the font to the configuration file.

Adding AFP FontsTo add an AFP font:

1. Copy the .oln file into the AFP font directory specified in xDashboard.




<prop name="FontMapping" value="0,T1001252,CZCOAO,Times New Roman,0;..."visible="false" />

5. Add your new font to the end of the line, before the " visible="false" /> statement. There are fiveparameters for each entry:

• Sequential number. This is the number of the font in the FontMapping line. Thestandard entries go from 0 to 15, so if this is the first new font added, the numberwould be 16.

• AFP code page. This is the code page for the font.

• AFP font name. This is the name of the AFP font.

• TrueType font name. This is the name of the TrueType font that you are mapping tothe AFP font.

• Stress: 0 (regular), 1 (bold), 2 (italic), 3 (bold italic).

6. Save the file.

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Embedding PostScript FontsTo embed PostScript fonts in your PostScript print file, you must manually configure the xPRSConfigfile to specify embedding. Embedding ensures that fonts used in a document don’t have to be residenton the printer, but it does increase the size of your PostScript print file.

To specify PostScript font embedding:



3. Under <category name="default_file_paths">, locate the following line:

<prop name="PSFontPath" value="C:\xPRS\conf\resource\PSFontPath\" limit="DIR"visible="true" />

4. Ensure that the font path specified in the line is the directory where the PostScript fonts thatyou want to embed are located. Either place the fonts in the default directory listed, or updatethe line with the correct directory.


<prop name="EmbedFont" value="false" visible="false" />

6. Edit the statement so that it looks like this:

<prop name="EmbedFont" value="true" visible="false" />

Replacing “false” with “true” in the value= statement.

7. Save the file.

Converting TrueType Fonts to Type 1 FontsThe xPRS publishing engine requires the font metrics in the TrueType font file (TTF), and the characterdescriptions in Type 1 (T1) font format for the printer to use TrueType fonts with PostScript. The formatrequired for PostScript output is the standard Adobe Printer Font Binary (PFB) format Adobe uses forT1 fonts. In the conversion process, a number of things need to happen:

• Select the TTF characters to convert. A TTF can contain thousands of characters; A T1font can only contain 256.

• Convert them to PostScript format.

• Store them in the PFB.

• Encode them using the Windows ANSI encoding. Encoding is the assignment of a charactercode to an outline. For example, when you press the “A” on an English keyboard with theEnglish language version of Windows, the numeric code 65 is generated. This code isassociated (encoded) so that the font metrics indicate the width of the character, and theoutline that is associated with the character is placed into the output.

To convert TrueType fonts, see Converting TTF and OTF Fonts to Type 1.

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Fonts and Page Description LanguagesPage Description Languages (PDLs) are languages for describing the layout and contents of a printedpage. While operating systems have mostly standardized on TrueType, OpenType and Type 1 fonts,PDLs have not. This section describes in detail how our emitters handle fonts.

PostScriptThe PostScript language provides direct support for TrueType, OpenType and Type 1 fonts. Not allPostScript printers support all of the formats and features properly. If you have one of the following,there may be issues when using fonts:

• Older devices• Non-Adobe devices• Transforms• Post-processing software

These programs usually have problems with support for embedded TrueType Glyphs and largecharacter sets. Type 1 fonts work on every PostScript device, and they have small character sets.

PostScript printers have a standard set of printer resident fonts that vary with manufacturer, but usuallyinclude Times, Helvetica, Courier, Symbol and Zapf Dingbats.

Emitter SupportBy default the xPublish PostScript emitter uses large character sets (Unicode) and embeds TrueTypeGlyphs. Large character set fonts are downloaded using subsetting. Any new characters requiredfor a page are emitted after the last page, and before the page in which they are used. xPressionEnterprise Edition provides an interface that allows for users to define the fonts that are not embedded.xPublish supports rotation of type in any increment.

Force the Use of Type 1 FontsBecause Type 1 fonts work on every PostScript device and have small character sets, the easiestsolution for most problems is to exclusively use Type 1 fonts. To force the use of Type 1 fonts, youcan convert your TTF fonts to Type 1 fonts using the procedure below. The resulting .PFB file can beplaced in the PSFonts directory on the server.

Clients (such as Microsoft Word or Adobe InDesign) can then use the TrueType or OpenType versionof the font, while the Type 1 font version will be used when making PostScript output. As long as theType 1 font has been created and installed, it will be used when making PostScript output.

Converting TTF and OTF Fonts to Type 1This section provides you with the instructions necessary to convert TTF and OTF fonts to Type 1using software available for download at no cost.

1. First, you must download TTF2PT1. TTF2PT1 is a font converter that converts fonts from theTrue Type format (and some other formats supported by the FreeType library) to the AdobeType1 format. You can download the program from the following web site:

http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/ttf2pt1.htm

Download the Binaries and the Dependencies zip file.

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http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/ttf2pt1.htm


2. Next, unzip the TTF2PT1 binaries zip file to a directory on the computer where the fontconversion will be performed.

3. Next, unzip the dependencies zip file to the same directory.

4. You should see a sub-directory named Manifest. Copy the files from that directory to the /bindirectory. The /bin directory is where the executable file is located.

The directory structure should resemble the following image.

5. Launch a command prompt and navigate to the bin directory you have just created.

For this example, we created a ttf2pt directory located at C:\ttf2pt.

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6. For each font you wish to convert type the following line (or put them all in a batch file) andpress Enter:

Ttf2pt1 -b <font path and name>

where <font path and name> is the path and file name of the True Type font you want to convert.

For example, if you copied your Arial font to the temp directory, your command would looklike this:

ttf2pt1 -b c:\temp\arial.ttf

7. You should now have a .PFB and a .AFM file in the c:\temp directory.

PDFThe PDF format provides direct support for TrueType, OpenType and Type 1 fonts. xPression supportsrotation of type in any increment. The PDF emitter will embed fonts in TrueType, OpenType, and Type1 formats. The emitter will always embed subsets for fonts to reduce file size.

Embedding Fonts in xPublishWe have expanded the range of characters that can be used without being embedded in an outputPDF. Originally, xPression enabled you to publish a PDF without embedding fonts if all the characterswere within the ASCII range(0-256). Any character that fell outside of that range was embedded. Nowthe supported range is expanded to code page 1252. If the character is outside of this range, itwill have to be embedded.

If you want to publish a PDF with no embedded fonts, you must do the following two steps:

1. Ensure that all characters fall within the supported range as outlined above.

2. Set the following two parameters in the DCPI.properties file.

LargeCharacterSet=false

EmbedFont=false

AFPAFP does not directly support Type 1 fonts. Type 1 fonts must be converted to AFP outline fontsbefore they can be used. The AFP language provides for direct support for TrueType and OpenTypefonts as defined by MO:CDA v6, started in 2004. However, in order to use True Type and OpenTypefonts, the spooler (PSF, InfoPrint Manager, Prisma, etc.) and the printer must also support them. AFPonly supports rotation of type in 90 degree increments. AFP does not support kerning, although itdoes support letter spacing.

All AFP printers support outline fonts, so if your printer has an issue with TTF and OTF fonts, use thefollowing steps:

1. Upload your TTF fonts to the xPression database.

2. Convert the TTF fonts to Type 1 using the procedures described in Converting TTF and OTFFonts to Type 1.

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3. Convert the Type 1 font to AFP outline using the procedures described in Converting Type 1Fonts into AFP Outline Fonts.

4. Upload the AFP font to the xPression database.

Emitter SupportIf your AFP device supports TrueType and OpenType fonts, and your documents only containTrueType and OpenType fonts, then fonts are embedded and used transparently. Type 1 fonts mustbe converted to AFP outline format.

Converting Type 1 Fonts into AFP Outline FontsIn order to convert Type 1 fonts to AFP Outline, you will need to use the InfoPrint Type Transformerprovided by Ricoh, or a similar utility. We will use the InfoPrint Type Transformer to demonstrate theprocedure. Your steps may be different.

1. Start InfoPrint Type Transformer.

The Type Transformer application appears.

2. Select the typefaces to convert. From this page you should point to the .PFB file you wishto convert to AFP Outline.

3. Next, select the character filters.

Select character filters.

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4. Make sure you select the code page 1252.

Select the code page and click Open.

5. Convert the font by providing a job name. The resulting fonts can be found in a sub-directory ofthe program installation directory. The font file will have the extension .OLN.

6. Copy the converted fonts to the directory given by the AfpFontPath property in theDcpi.properties file. This file is located in the xPressionHome directory (C:\xPression by default).

Once the AFP Outline font is found in this directory, it is used by the AFP device instead of theTrueType, OpenType or Type 1 font.

Design clients (Microsoft Word or Adobe InDesign) can still use the TrueType, OpenType orType 1 version of the font. As long as the converted AFP font is installed on the server, it willbe used when printing AFP.

PCLxPression supports PCL 5. This version does not directly support TrueType, OpenType or Type 1fonts, nor does it support large character sets. It supports the ISO Latin 1 character set which issmaller than the WinANSI character set (and it does not contain all of the bullet characters). PCLonly supports rotations in 90 degree increments.

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In PCL, fonts are not selected by a font name; they are selected by describing the font characteristics.PCL fonts have the following characteristics: symbol set, spacing, height, pitch, style, stroke weight,typeface and orientation.

FontCharacteristic

Description

Symbol Set This is a character encoding, like ASCII or ISO Latin1. In PCL, the symbol set19U is the ANSI or Windows Character set.19U is the recommended symbolset for both xPression and Autograph.

Spacing Spacing is either proportional or fixed. In fixed-spaced fonts, the widths ofall the characters in the font are the same. In proportional spaced fonts, thewidths of each character may vary.

Height The point size in which to print the font.

Pitch This characteristic describes the number of characters printed in a horizontalinch. Pitch applies only to fixed-spaced fonts.

Style Style defines three characteristics: posture (upright, italic), width (condensed,normal, expanded, and so forth), and structure (solid, outline, shadow, andso forth).

Stroke Weight The thickness of the strokes that compose the characters. For example, strokeweight may be medium or bold.

Typeface This characteristic identifies the design of the characters in a font, i.e., how thecharacters look. For example, how Arial looks compared to Times New Roman.A typeface is usually specified by a two to five digit identification number.Orientation is just rotation. PCL has the usual four rotations for fonts.

Orientation The rotation of the font.

Emitter SupportThe PCL emitter assumes that all PCL printers contain the following resident fonts:

• Arial• Arial Narrow• Helvetica• Helvetica Narrow• Times New Roman• AvantGarde• Bookman• Century Schoolbook• Courier• Courier New• Garamond

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• NewCenturySchlbk

• Palantino

Using PCL Fonts with xPressionTrueType fonts cannot be embedded in PCL output directly. Rather, they must first be converted toPCL soft fonts and copied to the location identified in the PCLFontPath command in DCPI.properties.In addition, you need to specify the new PCL soft fonts in the PCLFontMapping command inDCPI.properties.

To use TrueType fonts in PCL output:

1. Convert the TrueType font to a PCL soft font using the PCL Font Converter. See ConvertTrueType Fonts to PCL.

2. Copy the new PCL soft fonts to the location identified in the PCLFontPath command ofDCPI.properties.

3. Specify the new PCL soft fonts in the PCLFontMapping command in DCPI.properties. SeeConfiguring the PCLFontMapping Property

Convert TrueType Fonts to PCLTo use other fonts, they must be converted to PCL format. xPression Enterprise Edition ships with theAutograph Font Converter that can be used to perform this conversion.

The conversion should be made using the 19U character set which is a subset of the WinANSIcharacter set. The converted fonts should be placed in the directory specified by the PCLFontPathproperty in the Dcpi.properties file. This file is located in the xPressionHome directory (C:\xPressionby default).

Once the PCL font is found in this directory, it is used by the PCL device instead of the TrueType,OpenType or Type 1 font.

Design clients (Microsoft Word or Adobe InDesign) can still use the TrueType, OpenType or Type 1version of the font. As long as the converted PCL font is installed on the server, it will be used whenprinting PCL.

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Configuring the PCLFontMapping PropertyTo use PCL fonts with xPression, you must specify how your PCL fonts correspond to the TrueTypefonts used in the editor. This is accomplished through the PCLFontMapping property in theDCPI.properties file. The PCLFontMapping property converts the use of TrueType fonts to the use ofPCL fonts located on the printer or in the directory specified by the PCLFontPath command.

The PCL emitter will only use PCL fonts that are defined by the PCLFontMapping property in theDCPI.properties file and that exist in the directory defined by the PclFontPath property. If one of theTrueType font families listed in Emitter Support is used but not defined in DCPI.properties, then thePCL emitter will assume that the user wishes to use a printer resident font with the same font familyname. Otherwise, the PCL emitter will substitute the printer resident version of Arial.

Because PCL fonts are selected by describing the font characteristics, you must map the TrueTypefonts to a description of the font characteristics.

The PCLFontMapping syntax is: PCLFontMapping=font1;font2;font3;...;

where each font consists of seven parameters and each font is separated by a semi-colon. Forexample:

PCLFontMapping=0,,16602,19U,0,Arial,0;1,,16602,19U,0,Arial,1;2,,16602,19U,0,Arial,2;...;

Parameters

p1 - Font Index ID Number

The unique (and arbitrary) font index ID number. For each font listed, the value of p1 must besequential. This value is supplied by the user.

p2 - PCL Font name

This is the name of the file containing the PCL soft font in the PCLFontPath directory. For a printerresident font, leave this name blank. The path is given by the PCLFontPath command and the fileextension is always ".sft", so the path and file extension should NOT be specified here.

p3 - The PCL font typeface

This value is NOT required for embedded fonts. For embedded fonts, simply set the typeface equal tothe id number. It is required for printer resident fonts.

p4 - The PCL font symbol set

p5 - The PCL font pitch

0 = a proportional spaced font

1 = a fixed space font

p6 - The TrueType font name

Use the English name for the TrueType font.

p7 - The TrueType font type ID

0 = regular

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1 = bold

2 = italic

3 = bold italic

Embedding Type 1 Fonts in Your Output File in Enterprise EditionIf you want to embed Type 1 fonts in your PostScript or PDF output, follow these steps:

1. Ensure you have Type 1 versions of your TrueType fonts using the procedures in ConvertingTTF and OTF Fonts to Type 1.

2. Stop your xPression Server and delete the TrueType fonts in the /publish/FontCache folderlocated in your xPressionHome directory (by default on Windows: C:\xPression).

3. Copy the .pfb and .afm Type1 files to the FontCache folder and restart the xPression Server.As long as there are no TrueType versions of the fonts in the FontCache directory, xPressionwill embed the Type 1 fonts in the output file.

Font and Data Driven GraphicsxPression charting is accomplished using licensed components from a third party (Corda). xPressioncharting offers an interactive, WYSIWYG user interface, and a wide variety of chart types. Because thecharting engine is from a third party, it handles fonts and images differently than the rest of xPression.

Corda does not support the fonts installed on the host computer or server. Corda requires its own setof fonts in a proprietary format based upon the SVG font format. These fonts have the extension FSD,and will be referenced as FSD fonts.

You can use Corda Builder to convert TrueType (TTF) fonts to the FSD format. If you require a font ina chart that is not a TTF, you must convert to font to TTF, then use the Corda font conversion utilityto convert the font to FSD.

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Converting Fonts to FSD FormatTo convert a TTF font to the FSD format:

1. Start Corda Builder.

2. Click the File menu and select Font Converter.

3. The Corda Font Converter appears.

The font converter shows a list of all of the TrueType fonts that are installed on your system.

4. In the Conversion Options section, locate the Output folder option. This option enables you todefine the destination directory for the converted fonts. Specify a location or take note of thedefault location.

5. From the Font list, select the font you wish to convert and click the Convert button.

6. The fonts are converted and placed in the output folder. These fonts can now be used in Builderto design, build and test your charts.

7. In order to use these fonts on the server, they must be manually copied to the proper directory.

For Workgroup Edition, you can determine the proper folder by ...???

For Enterprise Edition, the directory is determined by the "CordaFontPath=." property in thexPressionPublish.properties file located in the xPressionHome directory on your server.

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PPPaaagegege DescriptionDescriptionDescription LanguaLanguaLanguagesgesges 4Page Description Languages

A page description language (PDL) is a language that describes the appearance of a printed page in ahigher level than an actual output bitmap. xPression supports the following PDLs.

• AFP• HTML• PCL• PDF• PostScript• Text• TIFF

AFPAFP (Advanced Function Presentation), is an IBM architecture and family of associated printersoftware and hardware that provides document and information presentation control independent ofspecific applications and devices. xPublish supports “Comment” or NOPS AFP.

AFP FontsAFP does not directly support Type 1 fonts. Type 1 fonts must be converted to AFP outline fonts beforethey can be used. The AFP language provides for direct support for TrueType and OpenType fonts asdefined by MO:CDA v6, started in 2004. However, in order to use True Type and OpenType fonts, thespooler (PSF, InfoPrint Manager, Prisma, etc.) and the printer must also support them.

xPression does not automatically convert fonts into the AFP format, but does support the use ofAFP fonts that meet the following characteristics.

• Must be an AFP Outline font• Must have been created from TrueType font masters stored in the xPression database• Supports double-byte (Unicode) through TTF fonts and single-byte through AFP Outline

fonts• Fonts must use the Latin alphabet

See AFP for more information.

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Chapter 4 — Page Description Languages

AFP Fonts on the Workgroup Edition ServerThe xPression Workgroup Edition Server installs four AFP outline fonts, each with four stresses for atotal of 16 fonts. The fonts are Times New Roman, Courier New, Arial, and Arial Narrow. The fourstresses are regular, bold, italic, and bold italic. These fonts are automatically mapped to TrueTypefonts in the xPRSConfig file. If you have a TrueType font that you want to convert into an AFP outlinefont, there are programs that you can purchase to do just that. For more information, see AFP Fonts.

Bullet CharactersIf you are using xPublish as your publisher to produce AFP output and need to create a bulletedlist, you must use the T1001252 codepage because the recommended codepage, T1001148, doesnot include a bullet character.

Images on the Enterprise Edition ServerWhen you place any image into the xPression database, xPression automatically generates an imageformat compatible with Web output to support previewing the image from xAdmin. To see a tabledescribing what image format is used for full-color, highlight color, and black and white images, seeHow xPression Enterprise Edition Decides Which Format to Use. For image type recommendationsfor AFP, see General Image Type Recommendations for Your PDL.For a list of natively supportedimage types for AFP, see PDL Native Support. To customize the image format selection for this PDL,see How to Customize the Image Format Selection.

Images on the Workgroup Edition ServerFor a discussion of how the Workgroup Edition server handles images, see How xPression WorkgroupEdition Handles Images. For image type recommendations for AFP, see General Image TypeRecommendations for Your PDL.For a list of natively supported image types for AFP, see PDLNative Support.

JPEG ImagesIf the JPEG (.jpg, .jpeg) image has an irregular format, the xPublish publishing engine will not be ableto use it to produce PostScript or AFP output. A JPEG image is “irregular” if it contains one of thefollowing:

• More than one SOI (Start of Image: FFD8) tag. This tag should appear only once at thebeginning of the file.

• More than one SOS (Start of Scan: FFDA) tag. This tag indicates the beginning of theimage scan.

You can use a utility such as IrfanView (http://www.irfanview.com/) to re-save irregular JPEG images,and then use the newly saved images in your document.

Building TLE ItemsAFP TLEs are defined at the output stream level in an output definition. xPublish configuration of TLEsis done entirely through the output definition page in xAdmin. The output definition enables you todefine the name of a TLE, the TLE level, and the TLE value. To apply these TLEs to your documents,simply publish the document with a stream that uses the output definition that contains your TLEsettings. If you want to define different TLE values or publish the same document without TLEs, youwill need to create separate output definitions for each scenario.

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http://www.irfanview.com/


AFP PPD FilesPrinter definitions use your print device PPD file to identify all of the features and settings supportedby the device. PostScript printers have their own description files, which should have come with theprinter. For AFP printers, you can use one of the supplied PPD files, located in the [xPRS InstallationDirectory]\xPRS_home\PPD\AFP directory:

• Afpbwcs.ppd. Use for black and white cut-sheet AFP printers.

• Afpbwrf.ppd. Use for black and white roll-fed AFP printers.

• Afpccs.ppd. Use for color cut sheet AFP printers.

• Afpcrf.ppd. Use for color roll-fed AFP printers.

Reverse PrintingWhen creating AFP output on Enterprise Edition, you can use the Reverse Printing feature. Whenthis feature is enabled, the order of the printed documents in the output stream will be reversed. Forexample, instead of printing pages 1, 2, and 3, it will print in reverse order 3, 2, and 1.

For more information, see the xAdmin Enterprise Edition User Guide.

Tumble PageWhen creating AFP output on Enterprise Edition, you can use the Tumble Page feature. When thisfeature is enabled, the pages in the output stream will be rotated 180 degrees. When used with AFP,the rotation value you specified in the content stamp definition will be ignored. For more information,see the xAdmin Enterprise Edition User Guide.

HTMLTo customize the image format selection for this PDL, see How to Customize the Image FormatSelection.

PCLPCL (Printer Command Language) is a PDL developed by HP as a printer protocol and has becomewidely used. Originally developed for early inkjet printers in 1984, PCL has been released in varyinglevels for thermal, matrix printer, and page printers. xPression supports PCL 5.

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PCL Font SupportPCL 5 does not directly support TrueType, OpenType or Type 1 fonts, nor does it support largecharacter sets. It supports the ISO Latin 1 character set which is smaller than the WinANSI characterset (and it does not contain all of the bullet characters). PCL only supports rotations in 90 degreeincrements.

TrueType fonts cannot be embedded in PCL output directly. Rather, they must first be converted toPCL soft fonts and copied to the location identified in the PCLFontPath command in DCPI.properties.In addition, you need to specify the new PCL soft fonts in the PCLFontMapping command inDCPI.properties.

The PCL emitter assumes that all PCL printers contain the following resident fonts:

• Arial

• Arial Narrow

• Helvetica

• Helvetica Narrow

• Times New Roman

• AvantGarde

• Bookman

• Century Schoolbook

• Courier

• Courier New

• Garamond

• NewCenturySchlbk

• Palantino

To use other fonts, they must be converted to PCL format. xPression Enterprise Edition ships with theAutograph Font Converter that can be used to perform this conversion.

Images in PCLPCL 5 does not support color (black and white only), and only supports black and white TIFF images.To get images to output in PCL, you must start with a G4 Tiff image.

To see a table describing what image format is used for full-color, highlight color, and black andwhite images, see How xPression Enterprise Edition Decides Which Format to Use. For image typerecommendations for PCL, see General Image Type Recommendations for Your PDL.For a list ofnatively supported image types for PCL, see PDL Native Support. To customize the image formatselection for this PDL, see How to Customize the Image Format Selection.

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PCL PPD FilesPrinter definitions use your print device PostScript Printer Description (PPD) file to identify all of thefeatures and settings supported by the device. Markers identify places in the document where youwould like to implement a feature or set of features.

Document Sciences supplies a PPD file for PCL printers, Pclbw.ppd. It is located in the followingxPressionHome sub-directory: <xPressionHome>\xPRS\xPRS_home\PPD

Use this PPD file for general purpose, black and white PCL printers.

PDFThe Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format created by Adobe Systems for documentexchange. PDF is a fixed-layout format used for representing two-dimensional documents in a mannerindependent of the application software, hardware, and operating system. PDF captures formattinginformation from a variety of desktop publishing applications, making it possible to send formatteddocuments and have them appear on the recipient’s monitor or printer as they were intended.

Using PDF in xPression Enterprise EditionWhen creating PDF output in xPression Enterprise Edition, you cannot use Printer Resident Imagesbecause the format does not use a physical printer to produce the output. However, you can add thefollowing properties to your PDF output:

• Encryption - You can encrypt your PDF to enable or prohibit the recipient of the PDF fromperforming certain functions with the file.

• Document Properties - such as Title, Author, Creation date, and more.

• Viewer Preferences - Control the way the Acrobat viewer displays the PDF file.

• PDF bookmarks - The PDF Bookmarks feature is not supported for documents that useimposition.

• Compress Fonts in the PDF - This option compresses embedded fonts. File size is reducedbut processing time is longer.

To learn about these features, see the xAdmin Enterprise Edition User Guide.

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Fonts in PDFThe PDF format provides direct support for TrueType, OpenType and Type 1 fonts. xPression supportsrotation of type in any increment. The PDF emitter will embed fonts in TrueType, OpenType, and Type1 formats. The emitter will always embed subsets for fonts to reduce file size.

Embedding Fonts in xPublishWe have expanded the range of characters that can be used without being embedded in an outputPDF. Originally, xPression enabled you to publish a PDF without embedding fonts if all the characterswere within the ASCII range(0-256). Any character that fell outside of that range was embedded. Nowthe supported range is expanded to code page 1252. If the character is outside of this range, itwill have to be embedded.

If you want to publish a PDF with no embedded fonts, you must do the following two steps:

1. Ensure that all characters fall within the supported range as outlined above.

2. Set the following two parameters in the DCPI.properties file.

LargeCharacterSet=false

EmbedFont=false

Images in PDFPDF is viewed using Adobe Acrobat. Acrobat is an RGB RIP. It takes PDF files, which are in a metafileformat, rasterizes them to screen resolution in RGB, and displays them on your monitor. When printingfrom Acrobat, the print driver converts the PDF into a PDL appropriate for your printer.

To see a table describing what image format is used for PDF output, see How xPression EnterpriseEdition Decides Which Format to Use. For image type recommendations for PDF, see General ImageType Recommendations for Your PDL.For a list of natively supported image types for PDF, see PDLNative Support. To customize the image format selection for this PDL, see How to Customize theImage Format Selection.

ICC Color ProfilesICC color profiles embedded in images are supported in PDF but not in other streams. ICC colorprofiles are not honored when images are resampled. For this reason, do not use Resampling withcolor managed images.

Reverse PrintingWhen creating PDF output on Enterprise Edition, you can use the Reverse Printing feature. Whenthis feature is enabled, the order of the printed documents in the output stream will be reversed. Forexample, instead of printing pages 1, 2, and 3, it will print in reverse order 3, 2, and 1.


Tumble PageWhen creating PDF output on Enterprise Edition, you can use the Tumble Page feature. When thisfeature is enabled, the pages in the output stream will be rotated 180 degrees. For more information,see the xAdmin Enterprise Edition User Guide.

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PostScriptPostScript was developed by Adobe Systems. It is a PDL optimized for printing images and textdocuments. For PostScript output in Enterprise Edition, you can resample images to the outputresolution, use fonts stored in your printer memory, and define the following properties for your output:Title, Author, Subject, Keywords, and Creator.


PostScript PPD FilesPrinter definitions enable you to configure your output devices by specifying settings for your printerand identifying printer resident images. Printer definitions use your print device PostScript PrinterDescription (PPD) file to identify all of the features and settings supported by the device.

PPD files are created by vendors to describe the entire set of features and capabilities availablefor their PostScript printers. A PPD also contains the PostScript code (commands) used to invokefeatures for the print job. As such, PPDs function as drivers for all PostScript printers, by providing aunified interface for the printer’s capabilities and features.

You can import PPD files through a Printer definition in xAdmin. Once the PPD is imported, all theprinter functions described in the PPD file are available to be mapped to Markers. Markers are placedat locations in your document or in your document stream to initiate the mapped printer function.


PostScript on Workgroup EditionAll PostScript output produced on the xPression Workgroup Edition Server is PostScript level 3.Currently, there is no option to produce any other level of PostScript output. For PostScript outputin Workgroup Edition, you can resample images to the output resolution and define the followingproperties for your output: Title, Author, Subject, Keywords, and Creator.

Media Considerations for Workgroup EditionThe xPRS publishing engine specifies page size to the output device (based on the settings in xPressofor Adobe InDesign), and relies upon the output device to select the media that is the best fit. Pageorientation is handled automatically by xPRS.

If an 8.5x14 inch (legal size) page is sent to a device that contains letter (8.5x11) and ledger paper(11x17) in its trays, it will automatically select the ledger paper and place the page within the largerpage. This is the default behavior for PostScript output devices.

Reverse PrintingWhen creating PostScript output on Enterprise Edition, you can use the Reverse Printing feature.When this feature is enabled, the order of the printed documents in the output stream will be reversed.For example, instead of printing pages 1, 2, and 3, it will print in reverse order 3, 2, and 1.


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Tumble PageWhen creating PostScript output on Enterprise Edition, you can use the Tumble Page feature.When this feature is enabled, the pages in the output stream will be rotated 180 degrees. For moreinformation, see the xAdmin Enterprise Edition User Guide.

Fonts in PostScriptThe PostScript language provides direct support for TrueType, OpenType and Type 1 fonts. Not allPostScript printers support all of the formats and features properly. If you have one of the following,there may be issues when using fonts:

• Older devices

• Non-Adobe devices

• Transforms

• Post-processing software

These programs usually have problems with support for embedded TrueType Glyphs and largecharacter sets. Type 1 fonts work on every PostScript device, and they have small character sets.

PostScript printers have a standard set of printer resident fonts that vary with manufacturer, but usuallyinclude Times, Helvetica, Courier, Symbol and Zapf Dingbats.

Emitter SupportBy default the xPublish PostScript emitter uses large character sets (Unicode) and embeds TrueTypeGlyphs. Large character set fonts are downloaded using subsetting. Any new characters requiredfor a page are emitted after the last page, and before the page in which they are used. xPressionEnterprise Edition provides an interface that allows for users to define the fonts that are not embedded.xPublish supports rotation of type in any increment.

Using Type 1 FontsBecause Type 1 fonts work on every PostScript device and have small character sets, the easiestsolution for most problems is to exclusively use Type 1 fonts. To force the use of Type 1 fonts, you canconvert your TTF fonts to Type 1 fonts using the procedures in Force the Use of Type 1 Fonts.

PostScript Fonts in Workgroup EditionTo embed PostScript fonts in your PostScript print file, you must manually configure the xPRSConfigfile to specify embedding. Embedding ensures that fonts used in a document don’t have to be residenton the printer, but it does increase the size of your PostScript print file. See Embedding PostScriptFonts for more information.

Images in PostScriptTo see a table describing what image format is used for PostScript output, see How xPressionEnterprise Edition Decides Which Format to Use. For image type recommendations for PostScript,see General Image Type Recommendations for Your PDL.For a list of natively supported image typesfor PostScript, see PDL Native Support. To customize the image format selection for this PDL, seeHow to Customize the Image Format Selection.

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TextxPression can produce output for text-only devices such as text files, plain text emails, Short MessageService (SMS) devices, and reports. When output is sent through a Text output definition, it is assumedthat the text will not be printed directly. Text output will be formatted for use as input to a computerizedsystem such as email, notepad, or free text in a database. No pagination related functions are appliedto the output, and all page-level formatting is removed. For example, xPression will ignore all headersand footers, hyphenation, tables of contents, leader characters, and page numbering.

The following list identifies the formatting options that are supported through Text output definitions.

Formatting DefinitionLine Wrapping Line breaks and carriage return characters (lf/cr) are supported for the purpose

of breaking long lines.

Character Sets Supports ASCII, EBCDIC, Unicode, and any other character sets supported byxPublish.

Tables Table cells are delimited by either tabs or paragraphs. This option is configurable.

Bullets All bullets are converted to asterisks (*). Indented bulleted lists will receive tabcharacters to duplicate the indentation.

Numbered Lists Numbered lists are supported. Indented numbered lists will receive tab characters toduplicate the indentation.


TIFFTIFF output definitions enable you to send your output to archive systems, fax servers, and otherelectronic systems as an image file. xPression uses the TIFF format for the output image becauseTIFF provides the highest quality image and also supports compression. xPression can produce theseimages at various bit depths and with various compression methods.

You can choose from three different bit depths: 1 (binary), 8 (grayscale), and 24 (RGB). You can alsochoose from four different compression methods: CCITT T.6, Uncompressed, LZW, and Pack Bits.


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GlossarGlossarGlossaryyy 5Glossary

Adobe Type 1 FontsType 1 fonts were developed by Adobe as the initial native font format for PostScript and the AppleLaserWriter in 1985. Type 1 fonts are composed of two files. One contains the glyphs, and theother the font metrics. PFB, PFM and AFM files are used to store Type 1 fonts on all platformsexcept Macintosh. The Type 1 format supports 256 characters, and is not capable of describinglarge character set fonts.

Bit DepthBit depth is the number of colors you can use in a digital image. With a binary image (1 bit per pixel),you have only one color - black (the paper is white). With a CMYK image (32 bit per pixel) can useup to 4,294,967,296 different colors.

EmbeddingThe strategy of embedding fonts directly within a document. Documents that contain embeddedfonts can be reproduced faithfully by using the embedded fonts. When rendering the document, thefont is extracted and fed to the font machinery of the rendering mechanism (PDF, PostScript, AFP,etc.). When embedding fonts, the output files must contain fonts that can range from 20k to 20MBdepending on the number of characters.

EncodingEncoding is the association of a number with a glyph in a font. Characters in text are representedby numeric values. When you press a key on a keyboard, you are really entering a number into thecomputer. The computer takes that number and using the encoding of the font, matches it up to a littledrawing of a character for you. This is encoding.

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Chapter 5 — Glossary

Font MetricsFont metrics define information such as character width and height. Applications that use fontsgenerally stack characters up against each other. Typically the space defined by the font metric iswider than the actual glyph, otherwise characters would touch or overlap.

GlyphsA glyph is the shape given in a particular typeface to a specific symbol. It is a particular graphicalrepresentation of a character. Think of a font as a lot of very carefully drawn little drawings. The glyphis this little drawing. Different fonts have a different number of glyphs. For example, a font can containa full western character set as well as a full Chinese character set.

ICC Color ProfilesColor management is the controlled conversion between the color representations of various devices(such as digital cameras, monitors, TV screens, film printers, computer printers, and offset presses)and corresponding media.

The primary goal of color management is to obtain a good color match across devices such as printersand monitors. This goal is accomplished by measuring the response of each color managed deviceand compensating for its inaccuracies when displaying colors. Each managed device has an ICC(International Color Consortium) profile that describes its response. ICC color profiles embedded inimages are supported in PDF but not in other streams.

Note

ICC color profiles are not honored when images are resampled. For this reason, do not useResampling with color managed images.

KerningKerning is the adjustment of the spacing between two specific characters when they appear together.

Lossless CompressionLossless compression refers to compression techniques in which no data is lost. The PKZIP, ZIP, andTAR compression technologies are example of lossless compression. For most types of data, losslesscompression techniques can reduce the space needed by only about 50%. These compressionschemes encode redundant data with a description of that data.

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Lossy CompressionRefers to data compression techniques in which some amount of data is lost. Lossy compressiontechnologies attempt to eliminate redundant or unnecessary information. When you compress anddecompress data with lossy compression, you may retrieve data that is different from the original, butclose enough to be useful in some way. Lossy compression is most commonly used to for to compressmultimedia data (MP3, video, JPEG). While you lose data, the benefits to file size are substantial.

Page Description Language (PDL)Page Description Languages (PDLs) are languages for describing the layout and contents of a printedpage.

PixelsPicture Element (Pixel) is the most basic part of any imaging device. Pixels exist on Television,computer monitors, digital cameras and printers. All of these devices display digital images.

ResolutionResolution is the number of pixels per unit measure of an image when displayed on a particularimaging device.

Spot ColorSpot or highlight color models do not attempt to recreate all colors, instead each color is printed withits own ink. pot color is used when a process color (CMYK equivalent) is not sufficient. For example, ifyou are Coke, there is a specific "Coke Red" color that is required. If you are printing a color brochure,you will use CMYK plus a spot color in "Coke Red." The spot color will only be used when printing thelogo or other things that you specifically want in that color.

Even though 5 colors are being used, the 5th color is NOT used in combination with CMYK, is used inspecific spots to provide an exact color match. It is not uncommon in high-end print applications touse many spot colors in addition to CMYK. When generating output, each highlight or spot color isgiven its own 8-bit image (256 shades).

In offset printing there are a number of ink vendors who sell specific colors of ink (For example,Pantone and Focoltone). PMS (Pantone Matching System) colors are very commonly used as spotcolor. When offset printing, you can use black plus one spot to be equivalent to digital highlight color,also at a much lower production cost.

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SubsettingSubsetting embeds only the glyphs used instead of embedding the entire font. For example, manyUnicode fonts contain Arabic and Chinese characters. If you are producing a document in German,you do not need to include these characters.

UnicodeFor large character sets xPression uses Unicode encoding. Unicode is an industry standard allowingcomputers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in any of the world’s writingsystems. The standard itself describes quite a few concepts, the most important for the purposes ofthis document is the ability to address and manipulate about 100,000 characters in any of the world’swriting systems in a standard way.

WINANSIFor single byte fonts xPression uses WinANSI code page 1252 encoding. Windows-1252 is acharacter encoding of the Latin alphabet used by default in the legacy components of MicrosoftWindows in English and some other Western languages.

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