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New Perspectives on Microsoft Office Access 2003 Tutorial 10
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Microsoft Office Access 2003
Tutorial 10 – Automating Tasks With Macros
New Perspectives on Microsoft Office Access 2003 Tutorial 10
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XPDesign a switchboard and dialog box for a graphical user interface
• Database developers interact directly with Access.
• However, often you do not want the user of the database to interact directly with Access; rather, you would provide an interface that removes the user away from the Access interface.
• A Graphical User Interface (GUI) is a collection of windows, menus, dialog boxes and other graphical components used to communicate with a program.
• Often, the first view of a custom GUI is a switchboard.
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XPWhat is a switchboard?
• The switchboard is a form that opens when you start the underlying database and is usually used to provide the user with a set of choices.
• This provides a well-organized interface for the user and eliminates the need for them to interact directly with the database window.
• This also makes it possible to hide the functionality from the user so that they cannot make changes to the database objects.
• The form you create for the switchboard is called a dialog box, which asks for user input in the way of a selection.
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XPAn example of a switchboard
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XPRun and add actions to macros
• You can create a macro with a series of actions that will repeat these commands whenever it is invoked.
• An action is an instruction to Access to perform an operation, such as opening a form or displaying a query.
• You can also automate tasks with Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) but it is easier for a beginner to create macros.
• With macros, you can simply select the actions you want from a list of actions.
• Once the macro has been created, you can add actions to it by editing the macro in the Macro window.
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XPUse the Macro window to add actions
• It is within the Macro window that you will supply the action name (chosen from a list), any comments you want to make, and the arguments for the action.
• Arguments are additional facts needed to run the action.
• Each type of action has its own set of arguments.
• A commonly used action is the Msgbox action, which will display a message to the user by way of a small form.
• Another commonly used action is the FindRecord action that will find the first record matching a set of criteria.
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XPThe Macro window
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XPSingle-Stepping a macro
• When you run a macro, the series of actions are executing one after the other.
• When you are testing a macro, sometimes it is useful to run the macro one step at a time.
• This is called single stepping and causes the macro to perform one action, then waits for you to step to the next action.
• This allows you to gain a clearer view of how the macro is working.
• When you single step through a macro, Access displays a dialog box called the Macro Single Step dialog box.
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XPUse the Macro Single Step dialog box
• This Macro Single Step dialog box displays details about the next action in the macro.
• You have three choices as to how you want to respond: – You can step through the macro one step at a time
– You can halt the macro
– You continue the macro
• Single-stepping is used to help you determine if you have placed the actions in the right order and whether the actions are working as you expect them to.
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XPThe Macro Single Step dialog box
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XPCreate a macro
• Start with a blank macro and then add the actions to it.• Drag an action from the database windows into the macro
window.• Each type of object has a default set of arguments.
– For example, if you drag a table into the macro window, the default arguments are to open the table in datasheet view in edit mode.
• Drag as many objects as you want to the macro window. • You can either accept the default arguments or you can edit
them to meet your needs. • Run the macro and observe the results of the macro.
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XPActions created by dragging specific objects
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XPTile windows to improve efficiency
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XPAdd a command button to a form
• On the toolbox, you have a command button tool that allows you to place a command button on a form.
• You can use the Command Button Wizard to help you place the command button or you can simply place the command button yourself.
• Click the command button tool on the toolbox, move your mouse to the form and draw a box where you want the command button to appear.
• The default text on the command button will appear; however, you can change this and other properties on the command button's property sheet.
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XPAn Access Form with a command button
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XPAttach a macro to a command button
• Once you have added a command button to a form, you can attach a macro to it.
• In most cases you will attach the macro to the command button's OnClick property.
• Whenever the user clicks on the command button, the attached macro will be executed.
• To attach the macro to the command button, right click the command button and then click on Properties to display the command button's property sheet.
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XPModify a macro’s property settings
• You can change the OnClick property to the name of the macro you want to run when the user clicks the command button.
• In the property sheet you can change the Caption property, which represents what is printed on the command button.
• If you prefer to have a picture on the button, you can choose one from the Picture Builder dialog box.
• For example, if the button will print a record, you might want to add a picture of a printer on the button.
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XPThe Picture Builder dialog box
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XPCreate a dialog box form
• A dialog box is actually a form with which the user interacts.
• You can add many different controls to the form such as command buttons, list boxes, text boxes, labels, etc.
• To create a dialog box, you begin by adding a blank form. – You will probably want to change some of the form properties
before you begin adding controls to the form – To change the text that appears in the form's title bar, enter a new
value in the form's caption property – There are several other properties that you might want to set for
the form depending on the particular application – Each property can be set on the Property sheet
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XPAn example of a dialog box
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XPDialog box properties, settings, and functions
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XPAdd a list box to a form
• On your dialog box, you might want to offer the user a list of choices.
• A list box is a control that displays a list of values that a user can brows through.
• You will usually add a label close to the list box to indicate what is contained in the list box.
• To add a list box to a form, choose the List Box tool on the toolbox and then move your mouse to the form in the position where you want the list box to appear.
• Once the list box is on the form, it can be sized and moved around just as you would any other control.
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XPA list box on a form in Design View
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XPUse an SQL statement to fill a list box with object names
• The standard language for querying, updating, and managing relational databases is SQL (Structured Query Language).
• Whenever you create a query in Access, Access is creating SQL statements to display datasheets according to the Query specification.
• If you want to view these SQL statements for a query, you can choose SQL view from the View menu.
• SQL uses the SELECT statement to specify what data is retrieved from a database and how it presents the data.
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XPUnderstanding SQL statements
• Just like any other language, there are rules of the language called syntax.
• In order to program in SQL you need to learn the rules.
• However, you can read an SQL statement created by Access and get a pretty good idea of what the statement does.
• The SQL statements match up with the query specifications; every choice made in the design window is reflected in the SQL statement.
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XPAn example of an SQL statement
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XPUse the Switchboard Manager to create a switchboard
• First, create all the macros you will need for the switchboard and then create the switchboard that will execute the macros.
• You can use the Switchboard Manager to help you create the switchboard.
• The Switchboard Manager allows you to specify what buttons should be on the switchboard and identify the command to execute when each of the buttons is clicked.
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XPSwitchboard considerations
• The Switchboard Manager allows you to create only one switchboard for a database; however, the switchboard can contain multiple pages.
• The main page of the switchboard will display when the switchboard opens.
• You can place buttons on the main page that will cause other pages in the switchboard to open.
• The switchboard manager is available on the Database Utilities option on the Tools menu.
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XPAn example of a macro group to be used for a switchboard
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XPThe Switchboard Manager dialog box
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XPThe completed switchboard