xp dreamweaver 8.0 tutorial 3 1 adding text and formatting text with css styles

Dreamweaver 8.0Tutorial 3

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XP

Tutorial 3

Adding Text and Formatting Text with

CSS Styles


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XPAdding Text and Formatting Text with CSS Styles

• In this tutorial, you will:– Type text into a page

– Copy text from a document and paste it into a page

– Check for spelling errors

– Create hyperlinks

– Examine HTML tags for hyperlinks


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• In this tutorial, you will (cont’d):– Explore CSS styles and style sheets

– Modify HTML tags

– Create custom style classes

– Create styles for the <a> tag selectors


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• In this tutorial, you will (cont’d):– Create an external style sheet

– Attach an external style sheet to a Web page

– Edit styles

– Delete styles

– Examine the code for styles and style sheets

– Examine HTML tags used to format text


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XPAdding Text to a Web Page

• Text is very important to your Web page and should be error free and clear.

• You can add small amounts of text by typing in the Dreamweaver work area of the Document window.

• You can add larger amounts of text by cutting and pasting from another program such as a word processor that does a better job of clearing errors.

• Dreamweaver also has a built in spell checker.


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Text Copied from the Bands Document


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Spell Checking the Bands Page


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XPFormatting Text Using the Property Inspector

• The simplest way to format text is to select the text in the Document window and set the attributes for the text in the Property inspector.

• Text formatting attributes included in the Property inspector:– Format, font, style, size, color, emphasis, alignment,

lists, and indents


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XPFormatting Text Using the Property Inspector

Formatted Page and Band Names


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XPCreating Text Hyperlinks

• Hyperlinks allow you to navigate between pages in a Web site and to other Web sites.

• Once the hyperlinks are created, you will copy the links to the rest of the pages in the site.

• To add more than one space between words you will need to use a nonbreaking space, which are special, invisible characters used to create more than one space between text and other elements.


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Link Text Typed in the Bands Page

Fig. 3-8


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• When your links are in place and formatted, you can then convert them to hyperlinks by using the Properties inspector to associate the text with a particular file or Web page.

• If you know it, you can also type the URL into the Link text box.

• Within your Web site, you will use document relative links which only specify the path from the current page.


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• Site root relative links specify a path from the root folder to the linked document.– Used on more complex sites

• When you link to a page in another site, you will use an absolute link which includes the entire URL.

• When you copy the navigation system to other pages of the site, you will not have to create additional links.


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Select File Dialog Box


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Label Text Converted to a Hyperlink


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Creating a Hyperlink Using the Point to File Button


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XPExploring HTML Tags for Hyperlinks

• HTML tags come in pairs surrounding the text:<tag>Some text</tag>

• Tags can be used together, or nested:<tag2><tag>Some text</tag></tag2>

• Tags can also contain attributes within the opening tag:

<tag color=“x” size=“x”>Some Text</tag>

• Reference sites for HTML tags include:webmonkey.wired.com/webmonkey and www.w3.org


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• Hyperlinks are created in HTML using an anchor tag:

<a href=“absolute or relative path”>Link Text</a>

• Absolute, document relative, and site root relative links have different paths of information in the hypertext reference (“href”) attribute.


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Anchor Tags for Absolute and Relative Links


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• The target attribute specifies where the link opens- in the current browser window or a new browser window.

• The default is for the new page to be opened in the current browser window, replacing the page from which you linked.


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• You can also specify the Name attribute in an anchor link, associating a name to a specific named location within a Web page:<a name=“anchor_name”>Some Text</a>

“anchor_name” is your name for the anchor

“Some Text” is the text being named as the anchor


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• This type of name is used to do things like jump from the end of a page back to the top, or to skip around on a page.

• The format for the anchor tag to link to a named anchor on the same page is:<a href=“#anchor_name”>Link Text</a>

• To link to a named anchor on another page: <a href=“absolute or relative path#anchor_name”>Link Text</a>


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Anchor Tag in the Bands Page


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XPUnderstanding Cascading Style Sheets

• Because of the limitations of HTML styles, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) were created.

• A CSS style is a rule that defines how an element appears either through modifying an HTML style or setting up a custom one.

• CSS styles define text appearance, position, and many other aspects of Web page layout.


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• A CSS style can be defined in one place and used to modify text in many places.

• Unlike HTML styles, if you change a CSS style, all text using that style is also changed.

• CSS styles were developed with HTML 4 and therefore are not fully compatible with older browsers.


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XPCreating CSS Styles

• When you create a CSS style, you will choose:– Type: there are three choices:

• Redefined HTML tag: where you modify an existing tag

• Custom style: where you create an entirely new style

• Advanced style: used to redefine formatting for a group of tags or for all tags that contain a particular ID attribute

– Name/Tag/Selector: the name for whatever type of style you selected above

– Define in: internal or external style sheet


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• Then choose the attributes for the CSS style:– Type: font tag attributes such as font, size, color, etc.

– Background: a color or image appearing behind a page element over the Web page background.

– Block: spacing and alignment settings for tags and attributes.

– Box: controls the characteristics of the selection box that surrounds text elements.

– Border: dimensions, color and line styles of the box that surrounds text elements.

– List: format of bullets and bulleted lists.

– Positioning: controls the placement of text on the screen.

– Extensions: controls printing page breaks, pointer appearance as it hovers over objects and special affects. This is not supported in many browsers.


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XPModifying HTML Tags

• The easiest way to create a CSS style is to redefine an existing HTML tag because tags often are automatically inserted.

• Dreamweaver provides a list of available tags where you can edit existing attributes or add new ones.

• When you modify the attributes associated with a tag, the changes you make will apply to every instance of that tag.


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CSS Styles Panel


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New CSS Rule Dialog Box


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CSS Rule Definition for h2 Dialog Box


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XPCreating and Applying Custom Style Classes

• You can also create new custom style classes• A custom style class name should begin with a

period (.) and contain no spaces or special characters.

• Once you create a custom style class, you must apply it to the text you want to format.


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XPCreating and Applying Custom Style Classes

• You apply a style to selected text by selecting the style from the Style list in the Property inspector.

• To help you remember what a style looks like, each style name in the Style list in the Property inspector is formatted with the attributes for that style.


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XPUsing the Advanced CSS Type to Customize Anchor Tag Pseudoclasses

• You can create CSS styles manually using the advanced style.

• When you create an advanced style, you redefine the formatting for a group of tags or for tags containing a specific ID attribute.

• You will create a CSS style (or rule) for each part, or pseudoclass, of the <a> tag.


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XPUsing the Advanced CSS Type to Customize Anchor Tag Pseudoclasses

• A pseudoclass is any class that is applied to entities other than HTML Specifications Standard tags.

• The anchor tag <a> is broken into four parts (pseudoclasses): – a:link

– a:hover

– a:active

– a:visited


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XPUsing External Style Sheets

• Applying CSS across a Web site requires the creation of an external style sheet.

• Using an external style sheet enables you to make site-wide stylistic changes by updating one file.

• You can either create the styles in the external style sheet, or export them to it if they are already created.


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External Style Sheet Displayed in the Files Panel


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• Once you have created an external style sheet, you must delete the styles from within the document in order to avoid duplicates and confusion.

• To attach an external style sheet to a Web page, you must open the page in the Document window, click the Attach Style Sheet button in the CSS Styles panel, and then choose the desired style sheet.

• You can add new styles to an external style sheet at any time


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Attach External Style Sheet Dialog Box


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XPExamining Code for CSS Styles

• As CSS styles are added, Dreamweaver adds information to the head of a Web page between the head tags.

• When you attach an external style sheet to a Web page, a link tag is placed in the head portion of the HTML code for that page.

• When you use an internal or embedded style sheet, the styles are embedded in the head tag for that Web page.


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• Embedded code will usually look like this:<style type=“text/css”>

<! - -

name {

attribute-name: attribute value;

attribute2-name: attribute2 value;

}

- - >

</style>

where name is the style name, the HTML tag name, or the tag and pseudoclass name


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• Style definitions appear inside the style tags:<style type=“text/css”>style definitions</style>

Where type indicates the style format that follows

• The comment tag is nested within the style tag:<! - - style definitions - ->

• Comment tags are used to hide the style definitions from older browsers


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• The format for the style definition is:name {

attribute-name: attribute value;

attribute2-name: attribute2 value;

}

• The style name indicates whether it is a custom style, a redefined tag, or an advanced style tag.– . Name: custom style

– Tag name: redefined tag

– Tag name followed by a colon and the pseudoclass: advanced style


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• An external style sheet can be used whenever the Web page contains a link to it in its head and the styles are located in the style sheet.

• The general format for link tags is:<link rel=“stylesheet” href=“stylesheeturl.css”

type=“text/css”>

Link identifies the type of tag

Rel= indicates relationship between the link and the page

Href= is the URL of the linked document

Type= is the form of the content that will follow


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Code for the External Style Sheet in the Bands Page


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XPViewing Style Tags

• When you select text and apply a custom style class, HTML code is added in one of three ways:– Adding attributes to an existing tag: if the text already has

attributes, the new attributes are added.

– Applying a custom style class to a block of text: when there were no attributes, the entire block is surrounded with the div tag and the custom style attributes.

– Applying a custom style class to a text selection: when the selection is less than a block of text, the selection is surrounded by the span tag with the custom attributes.


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XPEditing CSS Styles

• When you edit a style, the changes are applied automatically across the Web site wherever that style was used.

• You can control the look and consistency of the entire Web site from one centralized set of specifications.


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XPEditing CSS Styles

• You can manage and edit your styles using:– CSS Rule Definition dialog box

– Properties pane in the CSS Styles panel

– Property inspector


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XPExploring HTML Tags Used with Text

• Several HTML tags are used with text.• When you create Web pages in Design view,

Dreamweaver places the appropriate HTML tags around the text for you.

• To see the HTML tags, you need to switch to either Code view or Split view.


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Reference Panel for Selected HTML Paragraph Tag


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• It is not a good idea to add CSS styles to Web sites created in an older version of HTML.

• You can modify these pages in a number of ways:– Creating the code manually in Code view

– Set preferences so Dreamweaver uses only HTML tags to format pages

– Select text and use the Font Tag Editor to edit selected text with font tags


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• The attributes and process for formatting text using the HTML font tag are not the same as the ones for formatting text using CSS styles.

• The attributes for text formatting are similar to those in a word processing program, except HTML tags are added in the background of formatted text.

• Text formatting attributes include format, font, font size, font color, emphasis, alignment, lists, and indents.


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XPUpdating a Web Site on a Remote Server

• When pages are changed, they should be updated on your remote server.

• To update:– Connect to the remote server using the Connects to

Remote Host button on the Files panel toolbar

– Click the View list arrow, and then click Local View.

– Select updated files and then click the Put File(s) button

– Click the View list arrow, and then click Remote View

– Disconnect from remote host using the Files panel toolbar


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XPTutorial Summary

• You should now be able to:– Add text to a Web Page

– Create and format font and text links

– Read and write underlying HTML code for text formatting

– Create and edit HTML styles and Cascading Style Sheets

– Export CSS styles to an external style sheet

– Update the Web site on the remote Web server

xp dreamweaver 8.0 tutorial 3 1 adding text and formatting text with css styles

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