xml documentation questions

8/8/2019 XML Documentation Questions

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XML Documentation Questions1.Is XML case-sensitive?

Ans. Yes.

2.Whats the difference between // comments,

/* */ comments and /// comments?Ans. Single-line comments, multi-line comments,and XML documentation comments.

3.How do you generate documentation from the C#file commented properly with a command-line compiler?

Ans. Compile it with the /doc switch.

Debugging and Testing Questions1.What debugging tools come with the .NET SDK?

Ans.

1. CorDBG command-line debugger. To useCorDbg, you must compile the original C# file

using the /debug switch.

2. DbgCLR graphic debugger. Visual Studio

.NET uses the DbgCLR.

2.What does assert() method do?

Ans. In debug compilation, assert takes in a Boolean

condition as a parameter, and shows the error

dialog if the condition is false. The program proceeds

without any interruption if the condition is true.

3.Whats the difference between the Debug classand Trace class?

Ans. Documentation looks the same. Use Debug class for

debug builds, use Trace class for both debug and releasebuilds.

4.Why are there five tracing levels in System.Diagnostics.TraceSwitcher?

Ans. The tracing dumps can be quite verbose. Forapplications that are constantly running you run the

risk of overloading the machine and the hard drive.Five levels range from None to Verbose, allowing you tofine-tune the tracing activities.

5.Where is the output of TextWriterTraceListenerredirected?

Ans. To the Console or a text file depending on

the parameter passed to the constructor.


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6.How do you debug an ASP.NET Web application?

Ans. Attach the aspnet_wp.exe process to theDbgClr debugger.

7.What are three test cases you should go throughin unit testing?

Ans.

1. Positive test cases (correct data, correctoutput).

2. Negative test cases (broken or missing data,

proper handling).

3. Exception test cases (exceptions are thrownand caught properly).

8.Can you change the value of a variable while debugging

a C# application?Ans. Yes. If you are debugging via Visual Studio.NET,

just go to Immediate window.

ADO.NET and Database Questions1. What is the role of the DataReader class in

ADO.NET connections?

Ans. It returns a read-only, forward-only rowset from

the data source. A DataReader provides fast access

when a forward-only sequential read is needed.

2.What are advantages and disadvantages of Microsoftprovided data provider classes in ADO.NET?

Ans. SQLServer.NET data provider is high-speed androbust, but requires SQL Server license purchased from

Microsoft.

OLE-DB.NET is universal for accessing other sources,

like Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access and Informix.OLE-DB.NET is a .NET layer on top of the OLE layer, so

its not as fastest and efficient as SqlServer.NET.

3.What is the wildcard character in SQL?Ans. Lets say you want to query database with LIKE for

all employees whose name starts with La. The wildcard

character is %, the proper query with LIKE wouldinvolve La%.

4.Explain ACID rule of thumb for transactions.

Ans.


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A transaction must be:

1.Atomic - it is one unit of work and does not dependent

on previous and following transactions.2.Consistent - data is either committed or roll back, no

in-between case where something has been updated and

something hasnt.3.Isolated - no transaction sees the intermediate results

of the current transaction).

4.Durable - the values persist if the data had beencommitted even if the system crashes right after.

5.What connections does Microsoft SQL Server support?

Ans. Windows Authentication (via Active Directory) andSQL Server authentication (via Microsoft SQL Server

username and password).

6.Between Windows Authentication and SQL ServerAuthentication, which one is trusted and which one is

untrusted?

Ans. Windows Authentication is trusted because the

username and password are checked with the Active

Directory, the SQL Server authentication is untrusted,

since SQL Server is the only verifier participating in thetransaction.

7.What does the Initial Catalog parameter define in theconnection string?

Ans. The database name to connect to.

8.What does the Dispose method do with the connection

object?

Ans. Deletes it from the memory.To Do: answer better. The current answer is not entirely

correct.

9.What is a pre-requisite for connection pooling?

Ans. Multiple processes must agree that they will share

the same connection, where every parameter is the same,

including the security settings. The connection stringmust be identical.

Assembly Questions1.How is the DLL Hell problem solved in .NET?

Ans. Assembly versioning allows the application to specify

not only the library it needs to run (which was available

under Win32), but also the version of the assembly.


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2.What are the ways to deploy an assembly?

Ans. An MSI installer, a CAB archive, and XCOPY command.

3.What is a satellite assembly?

Ans. When you write a multilingual or multi-culturalapplication in .NET, and want to distribute the core

application separately from the localized modules, the

localized assemblies that modify the core applicationare called satellite assemblies.

4.What namespaces are necessary to create a localized

application?

Ans.System.Globalization and System.Resources.

5.What is the smallest unit of execution in .NET?

Ans. an Assembly.

6.When should you call the garbage collector in .NET?

Ans. As a good rule, you should not call the garbage

collector. However, you could call the garbage collector

when you are done using a large object (or set of objects)

to force the garbage collector to dispose of those verylarge objects from memory. However, this is usually not a

good practice.

7.How do you convert a value-type to a reference-type?

Ans. Use Boxing.

8.What happens in memory when you Box and Unbox a

value-type?

Ans. Boxing converts a value-type to a reference-type, thusstoring the object on the heap. Unboxing converts a

reference-type to a value-type, thus storing the value on

the stack.

Questions...

1. What is the difference between a Struct and a Class?

Ans.Structs are value-type variables and are thus savedon the stack -> additional overhead but faster retrieval. Another difference is that structs

CANNOT inherit. Classes are reference types and structs are value types. Since classes

are reference type, a class variable can be assigned null.But we cannot assign null to a

struct variable, since structs are value type.


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struct AStruct

{

int aField;}

class AClass{

int aField;}

class MainClass

{

public static void Main(){

AClass b = null; // No error.

AStruct s = null; // Error

/* [ Cannot convert null to 'AStruct' because it isa value type ].*/

}}

When you instantiate a class, it will be allocated on the heap.When you instantiate a

struct, it gets created on the stack. You will always be dealing with reference to an

object ( instance ) of a class. But you will not be dealingwith references to an instance of a struct ( but dealing directly with them ).

When passing a class to a method, it is passed by

reference. When passing a struct to a method, it's passedby value instead of as a reference.

You cannot have instance Field initializers in structs.

But classes can have initializers.

class MyClass

{int myVar =10; // no syntax error.

public void MyFun( )

{

// statements}

}

struct MyStruct{

int myVar = 10; //syntax error

public void MyFun( )


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{

// statements

}}

Classes can have explicit parameterless constructors.But structs cannot have explicit parameterless constructors.

class MyClass{

int myVar = 10;

public MyClass( ) // no syntax error.

{// statements

}

}

struct MyStruct

{

int myVar;

public MyStruct( ) // syntax error.{

// statements

}}

Classes must be instantiated using the new operator. But structs can be instantiated

without using the new operator.

MyClass aClassObj;/* MyClass aClassObj=new MyClass(); is the correct

format.aClassObj.myVar=100;//NullReferenceException

(because aClassObj does not contain a reference to an object

of type myClass). */

MyStruct aStructObj;aStructObj.myVar=100;// no exception.

Classes support inheritance.But there is no inheritance for structs. ( structs don't support

inheritance polymorphism )

(1)

struct MyStruct{

int aStructVar;

internal void aStructMethod(){


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// statements

}

}

class MyClass : MyStruct // Syntax error.

{int aClassVar;

int aClassMethod(){

// statements

}}

(2)

class MyClass

{int aClassVar;

int aClassMethod(){

// statements

}}

struct MyStruct : MyClass // Syntax error.

{

int aStructVar;

internal void aStructMethod(){

// statements

}}

Since struct does not support inheritance, access modifier

of a member of a struct cannot be protected or protectedinternal. It is not mandatory to initialize all Fields inside

the constructor of a class. But all the Fields of a struct

must be fully initialized inside the constructor.

class MyClass //No error( No matter whether the Field//'MyClass.myString' is initialized or not ).

{

int myInt;

string myString;public MyClass( int aInt )

{


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myInt = aInt;

}

}

struct MyStruct // Error ( Field ' MyStruct.myString ' must

//be fully assigned before it leaves the constructor ).{

int myInt;string myString;

public MyStruct( int aInt )

{ myInt = aInt;}

}

A class is permitted to declare a destructor.But a struct is not permitted to declare a

destructor.

struct MyStruct

{int myInt;

public MyStruct( )

{ } ~MyStruct( ) //Error.{

Console.WriteLine("Destructor of MyStruct object");

}

}

class MyClass{

int myInt;

public MyClass( ) { } ~MyClass( ) // No Error.{

Console.WriteLine("Destructor of MyClass object"); }

}

Classes are used for complex and large set data. structs are

simple to use. structs are useful whenever you need a type that will be used often and is

mostly just a piece of data.

2. What does the term immutable mean?

Ans. It means to create a view of data that is not

modifiable and is temporary of data that is

modifiable.


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Immutable means you can't change the currrent data,

but if you perform some operation on that data, a

new copy is created. The operation doesn't changethe data itself. Like let's say you have a string

object having "hello" value. Now if you say

temp = temp + "new value"

a new object is created, and values is saved in that.The temp object is immutable, and can't be changed.

An object qualifies as being called immutable if its value

cannot be modified once it has been created. For example,

methods that appear to modify a String actually return a newString containing the modification. Developers are

modifying strings all the time in their code. This may

appear to the developer as mutable - but it is not. Whatactually happens is your string variable/object has been

changed to reference a new string value containing the

results of your new string value. For this very reason

.NET has the System.Text.StringBuilder class. If you findit necessary to modify the actual contents of a string-like object heavily, such as in a for

or foreach loop, use the System.Text.StringBuilder class.

3. Can we have private constructor? When can I

use them? When should we implement a private constructor?

Ans. Private constructors would be mainly used for singletonpatterns and for classes that are module-like

(only static/shared methods/attributes)

The idea of the singleton is that you don't have a publicconstructor, specifically to prevent people from

instantiating more than one of them. You call a

non-constructor method to return the singleton instance.If it doesn't exist, the method calls the private

constructor to create it. Then it returns a reference

to the singleton instance.

An example below...

// .NET Singletonsealed class Singleton

{

private Singleton() {}


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public static readonly Singleton Instance = new Singleton();

}

Obviously you'd need to add some properties and methods to get something useful, butyou get the idea. Watch out for

thread safety issues.

This link may give more insight:ttp://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnpatterns/html/ImpSingletonInCsharp.asp

4.Explain the differences between Server-side and

Client-side code?

Ans. Server side code will execute at server end

all the business logic will execute at server end

where as client side code will execute at client side

at browser end. Usually, scripts like Javascript,

VBScript & JScript etc. take care of client side

funtions.

5. What type of code (server or client) is found ina Code-Behind class?

Ans. Server side.

6.Should validation (Did the user enter a real date?)

occur server-side or client-side? Why?

Ans. Ideally it should occur client-side. It saves round-trip to server & thus saves time!!! It also avoids

SQL Injections from malicious users. SQL injection is a security vulnerability that occurs in the databaselayer of an application. The vulnerability

is present when user input is either incorrectly filteredfor string literal escape characters embedded in SQL

statements or user input is not strongly typed and thereby

unexpectedly executed. It is in fact an instance of a more

general class of vulnerabilities that can occur wheneverone programming or scripting language is embedded inside another.

Validation is usually done using client-side script likejavascript, jscript, vbscript (javascript being the most

popular due to browser compatibility).

.NET provides 5 + 1 controls for validation1- RequiredFieldValidator

2- RangeValidator

3- RegularExpressionValidator

4- CompareValidator

5- CustomValidator

and the ValidationSummary Control

7.What does the "EnableViewState" property do? Why

would I want it on or off?

Ans. It keeps the data of the control during post backs.

if we turn off, the values should not populate during

server round trip. Basically its used to sustain valueof control's attributes betwen postbacks.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnpatterns/html/ImpSingletonInCsharp.asphttp://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnpatterns/html/ImpSingletonInCsharp.asphttp://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnpatterns/html/ImpSingletonInCsharp.asp


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When a form is submitted in classic ASP, all form values

are cleared. Suppose you have submitted a form with a lot of information and the server comes back with

an error. You will

have to go back to the form and correct the information. You click the back button, and what happens.......

ALL form values are CLEARED, and you will have to start allover again! The site did not maintain your ViewState.

When a form is submitted in ASP .NET, the form reappears in

the browser window together with all form values. How come?

This is because ASP .NET maintains your ViewState. The ViewState indicates the status of the page when

submitted to the server.

The status is defined through a hidden field placed on each pagewith a control.

Maintaining the ViewState is the default setting for ASP.NET

Web Forms. If you want to NOT maintain the ViewState, include the directive at the top of an .aspx page or add the attribute EnableViewState="false" to

any control.

8. What is the difference between Server.Transfer and

Response.Redirect? Why would I choose one over the other?

Ans. Server.Transfer will prevent round trip. it will

redirect pages which or in the same directory. NO way to

pass the query strings . Thru http context we can able

to get the previous page control values.

Response.Redirect : There is a round trip to process therequest. We can redirect to any page external / internal

other than aspx. We can pass the query string thru which we

can manage sessions.

A common misconception is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect in ASP.NET

applications. Redirect and Transfer both cause a new page to be processed, but the interaction between the

client (web browser) and server(ASP.NET) is different in each situation.

Redirect: A redirect is just a suggestion its like saying

to the client Hey, you might want to look at this. All you tell the client is the new URL to look at, and if

they comply,

they do a second request for the new URL.

If you want to pass state from the source page to the new

page, you have to pass it either on the URL (such as a database key, or message string), or you can store itin the Session

object (caveat: there may be more than one browser window, and theyll all use the same session object).

e.g. Redirect to the new.aspx page, passing an ID on the

query string. "true" stops processing the current page:

Response.Redirect("new.aspx?id=32", true);


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Transfer: A transfer happens without the client knowing

its the equivalent of a client requesting one page,

but being given another. As far as the client knows, they

are still visiting the original URL.

Sharing state between pages is much easier using

Server.Transfer you can put values into the Context.Itemsdictionary, which is similar to Session and Application,

except that it lasts only for the current request. (search

for HttpContext in MSDN). The page receiving postback can

process data, store values in the Context, and then Transfer

to a page that uses the values. e.g. Store a message in the context dictionary, and transfer to the default.aspxpage (which can then display the message):

Context.Items["Message"] = "Your password was changed successfully";

Server.Transfer("default.aspx");

Response.Redirect is more user-friendly, as the site visitor can

bookmark the page that they are redirected to. Transferred pages appear to the client as a different url than

they really are.This means that things like relative links/image paths may not

work if you transfer to a page from a different directory.

Server.Transfer has an optional parameter to pass the form data

to the new page. Since the release version, this no longer works, because the Viewstate now has more

security by default (The

EnableViewStateMac defaults to true), so the new page isnt able to access the form data. You can still

access the values of the original page in the new page, by requesting the original handler:

Page originalPage = (Page)Context.Handler;

TextBox textBox1 = (TextBox)originalPage.FindControl("textBox1");

9. Can you give an example of when it would be appropriate

to use a web service as opposed to a non-serviced .NET

component.

Ans. Web service is one of main component in Service Oriented

Architecture. You could use web services when your clients and servers are running on different networks

and also different platforms. This provides a loosely coupled system. And also if the client is behind the

firewall it would be easy to use web service since it runs on port 80 (by default) instead of having some

thing else in Service Oriented Architecture applications.What is the standard you use to wrap up a call to a Web service?

Ans. SOAP.

Web services are best suite for Hetrogenious

environment. Remoting is best suite for Homogenious environment where the system is under CLR.

10. Let's say I have an existing application written using

Visual Studio 6 (VB 6, InterDev 6) and this application utilizes Windows 2000 COM+ transaction

services. How would you approach migrating this application to .NET?

Ans. .NET has made excellent use of the existing COM+Technology to provide component features like instance management, transactions, activity-based

synchronization,


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granular role-based security, disconnected asynchronous queued

components, and loosely coupled events. This integration is a

big leap forward, providing greater flexibility to developers

through code.

The .NET components, which make use of the COM+ Services, are termed as ServicedComponents. Must

read this link to learn more : http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms973809.aspx

11. Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET

Dataset and ADO Recordset?

Ans. In ADO, the in-memory representation of data is the

recordset. In ADO.NET, it is the dataset. There are important differences between them.

Number of Tables

A recordset looks like a single table. If a recordset is to contain data from multiple database tables, it must

use a JOIN query, which assembles the data from the various database tables into a single result table. In

contrast, a dataset is a collection of one or more tables. The tables within a dataset are called data tables;

specifically, they are DataTable objects. If a dataset contains data from multiple database tables, it will

typically contain multiple DataTable objects. That is, each DataTable object typically corresponds to asingle database table or view. In this way, a dataset can mimic the structure of the underlying database.

A dataset usually also contains relationships. A relationship within a dataset is analogous to a foreign-key

relationship in a database that is, it associates rows of the tables with each other. For example, if a

dataset contains a table about investors and another table about each investor's stock purchases, it could

also contain a relationship connecting each row of the investor table with the corresponding rows of the

purchase table. Because the dataset can hold multiple, separate tables and maintain information about

relationships between them, it can hold much richer data structures than a recordset, including self-relating

tables and tables with many-to-many relationships.

Data Navigation and Cursors

In ADO you scan sequentially through the rows of the recordset using the ADO MoveNext method. InADO.NET, rows are represented as collections, so you can loop through a table as you would through any

collection, or access particular rows via ordinal or primary key index. DataRelation objects maintain

information about master and detail records and provide a method that allows you to get records related to

the one you are working with. For example, starting from the row of the Investor table for "Nate Sun," you

can navigate to the set of rows of the Purchase table describing his purchases.

A cursor is a database element that controls record navigation, the ability to update data, and the visibility

of changes made to the database by other users. ADO.NET does not have an inherent cursor object, but

instead includes data classes that provide the functionality of a traditional cursor. For example, the

functionality of a forward-only, read-only cursor is available in the ADO.NET DataReader object. For

more information about cursor unctionality, see Data Access Technologies.

Minimized Open Connections

In ADO.NET you open connections only long enough to perform a database operation, such as a Select or

Update. You can read rows into a dataset and then work with them without staying connected to the data

source. In ADO the recordset can provide disconnected access, but ADO is designed primarily for

connected access.

There is one significant difference between disconnected processing in ADO and ADO.NET. In ADO you

communicate with the database by making calls to an OLE DB provider. In ADO.NET you communicatewith the database through a data adapter (an OleDbDataAdapter, SqlDataAdapter, OdbcDataAdapter, or
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms973809.aspxhttp://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms973809.aspx


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OracleDataAdapter object), which makes calls to an OLE DB provider or the APIs provided by the

underlying data source. The important difference is that in ADO.NET the data adapter allows you to

control how the changes to the dataset are transmitted to the database by optimizing for performance,

performing data validation checks, or adding any other extra processing.

Note - Data adapters, data connections, data commands, and data readers are the components that make up

a .NET Framework data provider. Microsoft and third-party providers can make available other .NETFramework data providers that can be integrated into Visual Studio. For information on the different .NET

Data providers, see .NET Data Providers.

Sharing Data Between Applications

Transmitting an ADO.NET dataset between applications is much easier than transmitting an ADO

disconnected recordset. To transmit an ADO disconnected recordset from one component to another, youuse COM marshalling. To transmit data in ADO.NET, you use a dataset, which can transmit an XML

stream.

12. Can you give an example of what might be best suited to place in the Application_Start and

Session_Start subroutines?

Ans. The Application_Start event is guaranteed to occur only once throughout the lifetime of the

application. Its a good place to initialize global variables. For example, you might want to retrieve a list of

products from a database table and place the list in application state or the Cache object.

SessionStateModule exposes both Session_Start and Session_End events.

13. If I'm developing an application that must accomodate

multiple security levels through secure login and my ASP.NET web appplication is spanned across

three web-servers (using round-robbin load balancing)

what would be the best approach to maintain login-in state

for the users?

Ans. Database Support OR through State Service

14. What are ASP.NET Web Forms? How is this technology

different than what is available though ASP (1.0-3.0)?

Ans. There are plenty of differences.

ASP Interpreter.. use the script engine.

ASP.Net is compiled as managed code within the CLR. It also

supports code-behind (unlike in ASP, where code=behind was

invoked through VB components).

15. How does VB.NET/C# achieve polymorphism?

Ans. We achieve it using Function overloading & Operator overloading.

Polymorphism by definition means taking many forms. In C# it means the ability for classes to share the

same methods (actions) but implement them differently. For instance, say we create a class called "Shape"

and this class has a method called .draw() which draws the shape onto the user interface. Then we create

two subclasses, using inheritance, of this Shape class. One called Square, the other called Circle. Now

obviously a square and circle are two entirely different shapes, yet both classes have the .draw() method.

When the Square.draw() method is called it will draw a square on the user interface. When the

Circle.draw() method is called, it will draw a circle on the user interface. So both classes can use the samemethods but implement them differently.


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16. Can you explain what inheritance is and an example

of when you might use it?

Ans. Inheriting a trait from a parent class!Use the existing functionality along with its own

properities.

17. How would you implement inheritance using VB.NET/C#?

Ans. Derived Class : BaseclassVB.NEt : Derived Class Inherits Baseclass

18. Whats an assembly ?

Ans. A Basic unit of executable code.

* It contains : Manifest - Meta data* versioning , Culture , IL, Reference

19. Describe the difference between inline and code behind.

Ans. Inline function bind at compile time can write in aspx page with in .

The code-behind is in a CS or a VB file.

20. Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for one.

Ans. A DiffGram is an XML format that is used to identify

current and original versions of data elements. The DataSet uses the DiffGram format to

load and persist its contents, and to serialize its contents for transport across a network

connection. When a DataSet is written as a DiffGram, it populates the DiffGram with allthe necessary information to accurately recreate the contents, though not the schema, of

the DataSet, including column values from both the Original and Current row versions,row error information, and row order. When sending and retrieving a DataSet from an

XML Web service, the DiffGram format is implicitly used.

Additionally, when loading the contents of a DataSet from

XML using the ReadXml method, or when writing thecontents of a DataSet in XML using the WriteXml method,

you can select that the contents be read or written as a

DiffGram

DiffGram FormatThe DiffGram format is divided into three sections: the

current data, the original (or "before") data, and an

errors section, as shown in the following example.


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xmlns:diffgr="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1"

xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

The DiffGram format consists of the following blocks of data:

The name of this element, DataInstance, is used for

explanation purposes in this documentation. A DataInstanceelement represents a DataSet or a row of a DataTable.

Instead of DataInstance, the element would contain the nameof the DataSet or DataTable. This block of the DiffGram format contains the current data,

whether it has been modified or not.

An element, or row, that has been modified is identified withthe diffgr:hasChanges annotation.

This block of the DiffGram format contains the original

version of a row. Elements in this block are matched to

elements in the DataInstance block using the diffgr:idannotation.

This block of the DiffGram format contains error information

for a particular row in the DataInstance block. Elements in

this block are matched to elements in the DataInstance block

using the diffgr:id annotation.

21. Where would you use an iHTTPModule, and what arethe limitations of any approach you might take inimplementing one?

Ans. It provides module initialization and disposal eventsto the implementing class.

22. Compare Session State Vs. ViewState.Ans. Session State is useful for storing values that mustbe persisted across multiple pages by the same user. ViewState is useful forstoring serializable data that must be
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchemahttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema


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persisisted across PostBacks by a single page. If you useSession State, the value you insert will remain in memoryuntil (1) The Session times out, or (2) Your code removes it.If you use ViewState, the value you insert will remain inViewState until the user requests a different page.

ViewState stores data betwen PostBacks by putting it into ahidden form field on the client HTML doc. when the doc isPosted Back, the values are read from the hidden form fieldand stored in memory until the page has finished processing.If ViewState is particularly large (and I'm talking KBs

here, not 6 bytes), it can negatively affect the speed atwhich the HTML doc is downloaded by the browser.

24. Whats MSIL, and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all?

Ans. Microsoft Intermediate language. which is the out put

for all the .net supported languages after compilation will

produce. Appreciation is for cross language support.Definition:Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) is the

CPU-independent instruction set generated by .NET compilersfrom .NET languages such as J#, C# or Visual Basic. MSIL is

compiled before or during execution of the program by a Virtual Execution System

(VES), which is part of the Common Language Runtime module (CLR).

25. In what order do the events of an ASPX page execute. As a developer is it

important to undertsand these events?

Ans.

Page request

The page request occurs before the page life cycle begins.

When the page is requested by a user, ASP.NET determines

whether the page needs to be parsed and compiled (therefore beginning the life of apage), or whether a cached version

of the page can be sent in response without running the page.

Start

In the start step, page properties such as Request and

Response are set. At this stage, the page also determines

whether the request is a postback or a new request and setsthe IsPostBack property. Additionally, during the start step,

the page's UICulture property is set.

Page initialization

During page initialization, controls on the page are

available and each control's UniqueID property is set. Anythemes are also applied to the page. If the current request is

a postback, the postback data has not yet been loaded and

control property values have not been restored to the values

from view state.


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Load

During load, if the current request is a postback, controlproperties are loaded with information recovered from view

state and control state.

ValidationDuring validation, the Validate method of all validator

controls is called, which sets the IsValid property ofindividual validator controls and of the page.

Postback event handling

If the request is a postback, any event handlers are called.Rendering Before rendering, view state is saved for the page and all controls. During the

rendering phase, the page calls the Render method for each control, providing a text

writer that writes its output to the OutputStream of the page's Response property.

UnloadUnload is called after the page has been fully rendered, sent

to the client, and is ready to be discarded. At this point,

page properties such as Response and Request are unloaded and any cleanup is

performed.

26. Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter

control to load your generated dataset with data?

Ans. Fill()

27. Can you edit data in the Repeater control?

Ans.NO

28. Which template must you provide, in order to displaydata in a Repeater control?

Ans. ITemtemplate

29. How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeatercontrol?

Ans. AlternateItemTemplate

30. What property must you set, and what method must you call in your code, in

order to bind the data from some data source to the Repeatercontrol?

Ans. Datasource, DataBind

31. What base class do all Web Forms inherit from?

Ans. System.Web.UI.Page


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32. What method do you use to explicitly kill a user's

session?

Ans. Abandon()

33. How do you turn off cookies for one page in your site?

Ans. Disablecookies.

34. Which two properties are on every validation control?

Ans. Control to validate, Error message

35. What tags do you need to add within the

asp:datagrid tags to bind columns manually?

Ans. autogenerated columns is set to false

36. How do you create a permanent cookie?

Ans. Setting a permanent cookie is no harder than setting a

Session cookie. Its very similar, except you give the cookiean expiration date as well. It is very common that you dont

specify any arbitrary expiration date, but instead expire thecookie relative to the current date, using the DateAdd()

function, built into ASP. If you want to create a permanent

cookie called Name with a value of Nigel, which expires in one

month, youd use the following code

Response.Cookies("Name") = "Nigel"

Response.Cookies("Name").Expires = DateAdd("m", 1, Now())

Its that easy! Nothing more to it. You have now set a permanent cookie on your

computer. Also, note that whenever the above code is called the expiration date of thecookie is renewed by one month from now.

There are a few more options which you can set, like for example the Path option. You

can limit cookies to certain paths on your website, so you can set several cookies with thesame name, as long as they belong to different paths. To do this, you would use the

following code (extending the previous code):

Response.Cookies("Name").Path = "/foo/"The above code would limit the cookie to the path foo. It is

also possible to assign multiple values to a particular cookie.

This is done using the so-called dictionary functionality ofa cookie. For example, if Id want to store not only the first

name, but also the surname in my Name cookie, Id be using

something like the following code:

Response.Cookies("Name")("First") = "Nigel"

Response.Cookies("Name")("Last") = "Pallett"

Response.Cookies("Name").Expires = DateAdd("m", 1, Now())


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Thats all! Although there are a few more "advanced" options,

such as the Secure option and the Domain option, it is of no use now.

Retrieving Cookies

Retrieving the value of cookies is a very easy job, becauseagain everything is handled by the browser and your server.

All you have to use is ASPs inbuilt functions.

There is no difference in retrieving a Session cookie or apermanent cookie, and in both cases you use the following code:

Response.Write "Your Name: " & Request.Cookies("Name")

The above is for when you assigned only one value to a cookie. If you assigned multiple

values you a cookie, you use the following code:

Response.Write "Your First Name: " & _Request.Cookies("Name")("First")

Response.Write "Your Surname: " & _Request.Cookies("Name")("Last")

Thats all there is to it. Its that easy, because everything

is done by your server and the ASP engine. Make sure you check out this handy functionas well, which shows your visitors all the cookies they have stored.

Checking if Cookies are enabledBefore using cookies, it is often useful to check whether your

visitor accepts cookies. Some may disable it in their browser;

others may be using browsers that dont support cookies at all (although very fewbrowsers do). You should always keep the fact that your cookies might not work in the

back of your mind, meaning, do NOT rely on cookies to work. If your website does not

work when cookies are disabled, you must fix this.

37. What tag do you use to add a hyperlink column to

the DataGrid?

Ans.

38. What is the standard you use to wrap up a call to a

Web service?

Ans. SOAP - SOAP is a simple XML-based protocol to let

applications exchange information over HTTP.

SOAP (originally Simple Object Access Protocol) is aprotocol for exchanging XML-based messages over computer

network, normally using HTTP. SOAP forms the foundation

layer of the Web services stack, providing a basic messaging

framework that more abstract layers can build on. The original acronym was dropped


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with Version 1.2 of the standard, which became a W3C Recommendation on June 24,

2003, as it was

considered to be misleading.

There are several different types of messaging patterns in

SOAP, but by far the most common is the Remote Procedure Call (RPC) pattern, inwhich one network node (the client) sends a request message to another node (the server),

and the server immediately sends a response message to the client. SOAP is the successor

of XML-RPC, though it borrows its transport and interaction neutrality and theenvelope/header/body from elsewhere, probably from WDDX [citation needed].

Originally designed by Dave Winer, Don Box, Bob Atkinson, and Mohsen Al-Ghosein in

1998 with backing from Microsoft (where Atkinson and Al-Ghosein worked at the time)

as an object-access protocol, the SOAP specification is currently maintained by the XMLProtocol Working Group of the World Wide Web Consortium.

39. Which method do you use to redirect the user to

another page without performing a round trip to the client?Ans. Server.transfer

40. What is the transport protocol you use to call a

Web service

Ans.

SOAP. Transport Protocols: It is essential for the acceptance of Web Services that theyare based on established Internet

infrastructure. This in fact imposes the usage of of the HTTP,

SMTP and FTP protocols based on the TCP/IP family oftransports. Messaging Protocol: The format of messages exchanged between Web

Services clients and Web Services should be vendor neutral and should not carry details

about the technology used to implement the service. Also, the message format shouldallow for extensions and different bindings to specific transport protocols. SOAP and

ebXML Transport are specifications which fulfill these requirements. We expect that the

W3C XML Protocol Working Group defines a successor standard.

41. True or False: A Web service can only be written

in .NET

Ans. False

42. What does WSDL stand for?

Ans.Webservice description language. WSDL is an XML format for describing network

services as a set of endpointsoperating on messages containing either document-oriented or procedure-oriented

information. The operations and messages are described abstractly, and then bound to a

concrete network protocol and message format to define an endpoint. Related concreteendpoints are combined into abstract endpoints (services). WSDL is extensible to allow

description of endpoints and their messages regardless of what message formats or

network protocols are used to communicate, however, the only bindings described in this


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document describe how to use WSDL in conjunction with SOAP 1.1, HTTP GET/POST,

and MIME.

43. What property do you have to set to tell the

grid which page to go to when using the Pager object?

Ans. Page Index.

44. Where on the Internet would you look for Web services?

Ans. UDDI

45. What tags do you need to add within the

asp:datagrid tags to bind columns manually.

Ans. Autogenerate columns

46. Which property on a Combo Box do you set with a column name, prior to

setting the DataSource, to display data in the combo box?

Ans. Datatext, Datavalue

47. How is a property designated as read-only?Ans.

In VB.NET:Public ReadOnly Property PropertyName As ReturnType

Get Your Property Implementation goes in here

End Get

End PropertyIn C#

public returntype PropertyName

{get{

//property implementation goes here

}// Do not write the set implementation

}

48. Which control would you use if you needed to make sure the values in two

different controls matched?

Ans. Ideally we would tend to use Comparefield validator.

49. True or False: To test a Web service you must create a windows application or

Web application to consume this service?

Ans. False

50. How many classes can a single .NET DLL contain?

Ans. As many as u want!

51.Is ASP.NET a language?Ans.No! Its a technology.

ASP.NET is not a platform independent language. As was


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ASP.NET is more of a technology that provides a framework for building web

applications. ASP.NET provides the reources needed to dynamically deliver html content

(pages) to the end user. ASP.NET can leverage languages such as C#, VB.NET, andjavascript to help provide a reliable, high perfofmance, and secure web application.

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