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Sample CalculationThickness of Lug (t) = 20 mmWidth of Lug (W) = 200 mmRadius of Circular Section (R) = 100 mm
= 60 mm
= 57 mmDistance from centre of hole to Welding (h)= 100 mmArea of Cross Section = 20 x 200 = 4000Length of Crack ( a ) = 4.5 mm
Temperature (T) = 15
= (60 + 0.2 T) Mpa. Sqrt(m)For -140 < T < 150
= 63
Check For Geometry= 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
= 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
= 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
By Yeild TheoryYeild Strength of Plate = 345 MPaEffective width of plate = 200 - 60- 2 x4.5 = 131Tensile Load capacity = 0.9 x 345 x 131 x 20/1000 =
By Fracture Theory=
=
Where, d =d = 4.5 / (60/ 2 + 4.5) = 0.13
= 0.5 x (3 -0.13) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 -0.13)^3 ]= 2.61
s = Load (P) = P / 4000 = 0.0003Area
=63 = 2.61 x 0.00025P x sqrt(3.1416 x 0.0045)
1 Lifting Lug Load Capacity Vs Crack length Calculation
Diameter of Hole ( Dh)
Diameter of Pin ( Dp)
Distance from centre of hole to edge of crack = (Dh / 2 + a) =oC
Fracture Toughness ( k1c)
K1c oC
We =R- Dh/2
We =R- Dh/2
We =R- Dh/2
K1c Fd . s. Sqrt( p. a)
Fd 0.5 x (3 - d) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 - d)3 ]
a / (Dh / 2 + a)
Fd
K1c Fd . s. Sqrt( p. a)
Load ( P) = 812 kN
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 30 66 0.032 3.157 14921.5 31.5 30 66 0.048 3.059 12572 32 30 66 0.063 2.97 1121
2.5 32.5 30 66 0.077 2.89 10313 33 30 66 0.091 2.812 967
3.5 33.5 30 66 0.104 2.743 9184 34 30 66 0.118 2.67 8825 35 30 66 0.143 2.546 827
5.8 35.8 30 66 0.162 2.457 7967 37 30 66 0.189 2.337 7628 38 30 66 0.211 2.246 7419 39 30 66 0.231 2.167 725
10 40 30 66 0.25 2.096 711
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 15 63 0.032 3.157 14241.5 31.5 15 63 0.048 3.059 12002 32 15 63 0.063 2.97 1070
2.5 32.5 15 63 0.077 2.89 9843 33 15 63 0.091 2.812 923
3.5 33.5 15 63 0.104 2.743 8764 34 15 63 0.118 2.67 842
4.5 34.5 15 63 0.13 2.61 8126 36 15 63 0.167 2.434 7547 37 15 63 0.189 2.337 7278 38 15 63 0.211 2.246 7089 39 15 63 0.231 2.167 692
10 40 15 63 0.25 2.096 678
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 0 60 0.032 3.157 13561.5 31.5 0 60 0.048 3.059 11432 32 0 60 0.063 2.97 1019
2.5 32.5 0 60 0.077 2.89 9373 33 0 60 0.091 2.812 879
3.5 33.5 0 60 0.104 2.743 8343.7 33.7 0 60 0.11 2.711 8215 35 0 60 0.143 2.546 7526 36 0 60 0.167 2.434 7187 37 0 60 0.189 2.337 6938 38 0 60 0.211 2.246 6749 39 0 60 0.231 2.167 659
10 40 0 60 0.25 2.096 646
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 -15 57 0.032 3.157 12891.5 31.5 -15 57 0.048 3.059 10862 32 -15 57 0.063 2.97 968
2.5 32.5 -15 57 0.077 2.89 8903 33 -15 57 0.091 2.812 835
3.1 33.1 -15 57 0.094 2.796 8264 34 -15 57 0.118 2.67 7625 35 -15 57 0.143 2.546 7156 36 -15 57 0.167 2.434 6827 37 -15 57 0.189 2.337 6588 38 -15 57 0.211 2.246 6409 39 -15 57 0.231 2.167 626
10 40 -15 57 0.25 2.096 614
Temp = -30 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
1 31 -30 54 0.032 3.157 12211.5 31.5 -30 54 0.048 3.059 10292 32 -30 54 0.063 2.97 918
2.5 32.5 -30 54 0.077 2.89 8432.6 32.6 -30 54 0.08 2.873 8323.5 33.5 -30 54 0.104 2.743 7514 34 -30 54 0.118 2.67 7225 35 -30 54 0.143 2.546 6776 36 -30 54 0.167 2.434 6467 37 -30 54 0.189 2.337 6238 38 -30 54 0.211 2.246 6079 39 -30 54 0.231 2.167 593
10 40 -30 54 0.25 2.096 581
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 -45 51 0.032 3.157 11531.5 31.5 -45 51 0.048 3.059 9712 32 -45 51 0.063 2.97 867
2.15 32.15 -45 51 0.067 2.947 8423 33 -45 51 0.091 2.812 747
3.5 33.5 -45 51 0.104 2.743 7094 34 -45 51 0.118 2.67 6825 35 -45 51 0.143 2.546 6396 36 -45 51 0.167 2.434 6107 37 -45 51 0.189 2.337 5898 38 -45 51 0.211 2.246 5739 39 -45 51 0.231 2.167 560
10 40 -45 51 0.25 2.096 549
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Kawish Shaikh P.Eng. UofC
> Dh/4 ; Hence OK
> 1.5xDh ; Hence OK
Both side of Hole
35 mm
Mpa. Sqrt(m) (60 for Steel WT Caterary 4)
> Dh/2 ; Hence OK
< 5t ; Hence OK
> 2t ; Hence OK
mm814 kN
P
Crack Lenth (a) Vs Tensile Load (P)
mm2
LOAD (P)
100
mm
200 mm
100
mm
60 mm Dia. hole
Crack Length (a)
Fracture Theory
601 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture510 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture458 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture424 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture401 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture383 133 826 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture371 132 820 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture354 130 807 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture344 128.4 797 345 Net Section will Fracture336 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture332 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture330 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture329 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
573 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture487 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture437 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture405 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture383 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture366 133 826 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture354 132 820 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture344 131 814 345 Net Section will Fracture327 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture321 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture317 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture315 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture314 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
Fracture Theory
546 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture463 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture416 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture386 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture364 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture349 133 826 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture344 132.6 823 345 Net Section will Fracture321 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture312 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture305 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture302 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture300 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture299 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
519 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture440 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture396 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture366 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture346 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture343 133.8 831 345 Net Section will Fracture321 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture305 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture296 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture290 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture287 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture285 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture284 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 0 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
491 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture417 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture375 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture347 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture343 134.8 837 345 Net Section will Fracture314 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture304 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture289 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture281 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture275 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture272 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture270 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture269 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
464 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture394 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture354 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture345 135.7 843 345 Net Section will Fracture310 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture296 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture287 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture273 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture265 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture260 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture257 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture255 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture254 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -45 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theorya (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theorya (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 0 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -45 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theorya (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theorya (mm)
Load
(kN
)
Sample CalculationThickness of Lug (t) = 20 mmWidth of Lug (W) = 200 mmRadius of Circular Section (R) = 100 mm
= 60 mm
= 57 mmDistance from centre of hole to Welding (h)= 100 mmArea of Cross Section = 20 x 200 = 4000Length of Crack ( a ) = 4.5 mm
Temperature (T) = 15
= (40 + 0.2 T) Mpa. Sqrt(m)For -140 < T < 150
= 43
Check For Geometry= 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
= 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
= 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
By Yeild TheoryYeild Strength of Plate = 345 MPaEffective width of plate = 200 - 60- 2 x4.5 = 131Tensile Load capacity = 0.9 x 345 x 131 x 20/1000 =
By Fracture Theory=
=
Where, d =d = 4.5 / (60/ 2 + 4.5) = 0.13
= 0.5 x (3 -0.13) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 -0.13)^3 ]= 2.61
s = Load (P) = P / 4000 = 0.0003Area
=43 = 2.61 x 0.00025P x sqrt(3.1416 x 0.0045)
1 Lifting Lug Load Capacity Vs Crack length Calculation
Diameter of Hole ( Dh)
Diameter of Pin ( Dp)
Distance from centre of hole to edge of crack = (Dh / 2 + a) =oC
Fracture Toughness ( k1c)
K1c oC
We =R- Dh/2
We =R- Dh/2
We =R- Dh/2
K1c Fd . s. Sqrt( p. a)
Fd 0.5 x (3 - d) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 - d)3 ]
a / (Dh / 2 + a)
Fd
K1c Fd . s. Sqrt( p. a)
Load ( P) = 554 kN
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 30 46 0.032 3.157 10401.5 31.5 30 46 0.048 3.059 8762 32 30 46 0.063 2.97 782
2.5 32.5 30 46 0.077 2.89 7183 33 30 46 0.091 2.812 674
3.5 33.5 30 46 0.104 2.743 6404 34 30 46 0.118 2.67 6155 35 30 46 0.143 2.546 577
5.8 35.8 30 46 0.162 2.457 5557 37 30 46 0.189 2.337 5318 38 30 46 0.211 2.246 5179 39 30 46 0.231 2.167 505
10 40 30 46 0.25 2.096 495
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 15 43 0.032 3.157 9721.5 31.5 15 43 0.048 3.059 8192 32 15 43 0.063 2.97 731
2.5 32.5 15 43 0.077 2.89 6723 33 15 43 0.091 2.812 630
3.5 33.5 15 43 0.104 2.743 5984 34 15 43 0.118 2.67 575
4.5 34.5 15 43 0.13 2.61 5546 36 15 43 0.167 2.434 5157 37 15 43 0.189 2.337 4968 38 15 43 0.211 2.246 4839 39 15 43 0.231 2.167 472
10 40 15 43 0.25 2.096 463
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 0 40 0.032 3.157 9041.5 31.5 0 40 0.048 3.059 7622 32 0 40 0.063 2.97 680
2.5 32.5 0 40 0.077 2.89 6253 33 0 40 0.091 2.812 586
3.5 33.5 0 40 0.104 2.743 5563.7 33.7 0 40 0.11 2.711 5475 35 0 40 0.143 2.546 5016 36 0 40 0.167 2.434 4797 37 0 40 0.189 2.337 4628 38 0 40 0.211 2.246 4499 39 0 40 0.231 2.167 439
10 40 0 40 0.25 2.096 431
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 -15 37 0.032 3.157 8361.5 31.5 -15 37 0.048 3.059 7052 32 -15 37 0.063 2.97 629
2.5 32.5 -15 37 0.077 2.89 5783 33 -15 37 0.091 2.812 542
3.1 33.1 -15 37 0.094 2.796 5364 34 -15 37 0.118 2.67 4945 35 -15 37 0.143 2.546 4646 36 -15 37 0.167 2.434 4437 37 -15 37 0.189 2.337 4278 38 -15 37 0.211 2.246 4169 39 -15 37 0.231 2.167 406
10 40 -15 37 0.25 2.096 398
Temp = -30 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
1 31 -30 34 0.032 3.157 7691.5 31.5 -30 34 0.048 3.059 6482 32 -30 34 0.063 2.97 578
2.5 32.5 -30 34 0.077 2.89 5312.6 32.6 -30 34 0.08 2.873 5243.5 33.5 -30 34 0.104 2.743 4734 34 -30 34 0.118 2.67 4545 35 -30 34 0.143 2.546 4266 36 -30 34 0.167 2.434 4077 37 -30 34 0.189 2.337 3928 38 -30 34 0.211 2.246 3829 39 -30 34 0.231 2.167 373
10 40 -30 34 0.25 2.096 366
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 -45 31 0.032 3.157 7011.5 31.5 -45 31 0.048 3.059 5912 32 -45 31 0.063 2.97 527
2.15 32.15 -45 31 0.067 2.947 5123 33 -45 31 0.091 2.812 454
3.5 33.5 -45 31 0.104 2.743 4314 34 -45 31 0.118 2.67 4145 35 -45 31 0.143 2.546 3896 36 -45 31 0.167 2.434 3717 37 -45 31 0.189 2.337 3588 38 -45 31 0.211 2.246 3489 39 -45 31 0.231 2.167 340
10 40 -45 31 0.25 2.096 334
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Kawish Shaikh P.Eng. UofC
> Dh/4 ; Hence OK
> 1.5xDh ; Hence OK
Both side of Hole
35 mm
Mpa. Sqrt(m) (40 for Steel W 350)
> Dh/2 ; Hence OK
< 5t ; Hence OK
> 2t ; Hence OK
mm814 kN
P
Crack Lenth (a) Vs Tensile Load (P)
mm2
LOAD (P)
100
mm
200 mm
100
mm
60 mm Dia. hole
Crack Length (a)
Fracture Theory
419 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture355 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture319 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture296 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture279 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture267 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture259 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture246 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture240 128.4 797 345 Net Section will Fracture234 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture232 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture230 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture229 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
391 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture332 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture298 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture276 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture261 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture250 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture242 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture235 131 814 345 Net Section will Fracture223 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture219 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture216 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture215 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture214 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
Fracture Theory
364 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture309 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture278 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture257 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture243 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture232 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture229 132.6 823 345 Net Section will Fracture214 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture208 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture204 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture201 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture200 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture199 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
337 138 857 345 Net Section will Fracture286 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture257 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture238 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture225 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture223 133.8 831 345 Net Section will Fracture208 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture198 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture192 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture188 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture186 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture185 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture184 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 0 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
309 138 857 345 Net Section will Fracture263 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture236 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture219 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture216 134.8 837 345 Net Section will Fracture198 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture191 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture182 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture177 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture173 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture171 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture170 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture169 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
282 138 857 345 Net Section will Fracture239 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture215 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture210 135.7 843 345 Net Section will Fracture188 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture180 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture174 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture166 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture161 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture158 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture156 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture155 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture155 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -45 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theorya (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theorya (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 0 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -45 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theorya (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theorya (mm)
Load
(kN
)