xhtml and css. the browser the browser is not print!

XHTML and CSS

The Browser

The browser is not print!

A Simple XHTML File

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html> <head> <title> My Home Page </title> </head> <body> <h1>My Home Page </h1> <p> Welcome to my home page </p> </body> </html>

Hierarchical Structure

Well formed xhtml forms a hierarchy

Content Types

Documents are made up of logical types of content.

Semantic Markup

HTML markup is based on logical content types

Hierarchy

The resulting hierarchy

<h1>, <h2>, <h3>, etc.

• Headings on the page

• Represent the main topic, subtopics, subsubtopics, etc. of the page

• Important to use they in a logical manner, which greatly helps assistive technology like voice browsers present the page content intelligibly

<p>

• Paragraph

• Important for presentation control to put text in an element. When in doubt, put text in a paragraph

Lists

• Unordered lists (bulleted lists) <ul> <li>One</li> <li>Two</li> </ul>• Ordered lists (numbered lists) <ol> <li>One</li> <li>Two</li> </ol>

Text Markup

• Bolding– <b>text</b>– <strong>text</strong>

• Italics– <i>text</i>– <em>text</em>

• Other– <sub>text</sub> subscript– <sup>text</sup> superscript– <del>text</del> deleted text

Tables

<table border cellspacing="5" cellpadding="10"> <caption>People on the team</caption> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Position</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Mary</td> <td>Analyst</td> </tr> <tr> <td>John</td> <td>Technician</td> </tr> </table>

Anchors

• Anchors can link your page to any file on the Web

<a href="http://www.washington.edu/"> University of Washington </a>

Divs

• Divs enclose a set of elements

<div style=“text-align: center;”> <h2> News</h2> <p><a href=“budget.html”>Budget</a></p> <p><a href=“invest.html”>Investment</a></p></div>

Spans

• Spans enclose objects (text, graphics) within an element

<p>Call me Ishmael. Some years ago — <span style=“font-style: italic;”>never mind how long precisely</span> — having little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on shore,

Cascading Style Sheets

• Are used to control how elements are presented in the Web page

• Use a different syntax that HTML/XHTML• Work with the common visual browsers

(Internet Explorer, FireFox, Opera)• Used properly, can great simplify visual

design, site management and content maintenance

A Style

Selector Property Value

p { font-family: times; }

• Note the punctuation: The property is followed by a colon (:) and the value is followed by a semicolon(;)

Using CSS

Styles can be set in a stylesheet, in a style element in the head or in a style attribute

Selectors

• Simple selectorsp { color: blue }h1, h2, h3, h4 { font-style: italic; }

• Contextual selectorsul li { font-weight: bold; }#main img { border: solid black 5px; }p.intro { font-family: verdana, sans-serif;}

The Box Model

Each element has padding, border, and margin

Vertical Margins

The larger of the two vertical margins will determine the distance between elements

Visual Formatting Model

Pages are built as a series of blocks stacked from the top down

Controlling Layout

• Styles can control size and placement of elements

• Example: #nav { width: 12em; float: left; }#news { width: 12em; float: right; }#main { margin: 1em 13em 1em 13em;

Nav Div Float Left

Nav Div Float Right

Nav Across Top

Items in the Nav bar are anchors within a div

HTML-Kit

HTML-Kit (Windows) is free editor that makes it easy to make standards compliant XHTML

Thank You