x city report


1. Introduction pg 3

2. The City pg 3-6

3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient city pg 7-9

4. Investigation & Data Collection: Present city pg 9-11

5. Investigation & Data Collection: Future city pg 12-13

6. Case study on the selected type of the future city pg 14-15

7. The Gold Zone pg 16-27

8. Conclusion pg 28

9. References list pg 29

1. Introduction

In this project, we have to imagine and design a future city based on

a topic chosen by our group. The topics given are underground city,

underwater city, floating on water city, city in the air (or skyscraper city)

YEO DOR EEN | 0316224 | Group D | FNBE Feb 2014 | Taylor’s University2


and land next to a river or sea. My group chose underground city as our

topic.

In Part A, which is an individual component, we are asked to

investigate, research, understand, and propose a better future city based

on the topic. We need to explain and include the contents through a video

presentation to show our overall idea about the future city. The second

task is that we are required to produce a report digitally which contain the

concise information about the city.

2. The City

Definition of the city

- a large town / a place or situation characterized by a specified attribute.

- a place where people live that is larger or more important than a town.

- a center of population, commerce, and culture.

History

Towns and cities have a long history, although opinions vary on whether

any particular ancient settlement can be considered a city. A city formed as

central places of trade for the benefit of the members living in close proximity to

others facilitates interaction of all kinds. These interactions generate both

positive and negative externalities between others' actions. Benefits include

reduced transport costs, exchange of ideas, sharing of natural resources, large


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history


local markets, and later in their development, amenities such as running

water and sewage disposal. Possible costs would include higher rate of crime,

higher mortality rates, higher cost of living, worse pollution, traffic and high

commuting times. Cities grow when the benefits of proximity between people

and firms are higher than the cost.

One characteristic that can be used to distinguish a small city from a large

town is organized government. A town accomplishes common goals through

informal agreements between neighbors or the leadership of a chief. A city has

professional administrators, regulations, and some form of taxation (food and

other necessities or means to trade for them) to feed the government workers.

The governments may be based on heredity, religion, military power, work

projects (such as canal building), food distribution, land ownership, agriculture,

commerce, manufacturing, finance, or a combination of those. Societies that live

in cities are often called civilizations.

What makes a city

Buildings

Buildings are the most pronounced elements of urban design - they shape and articulate space by forming the streetwalls of the city. Well designed buildings and groups of buildings work together to create a sense of place.

Public Space

Great public spaces are the living room of the city - the place where people come together to enjoy the city and each other. Public spaces make high quality life in the city possible - they form the stage and backdrop to the drama of life. Public spaces range from grand central plazas and squares, to small, local neighborhood parks.

Streets

Streets are the connections between spaces and places, as well as being spaces themselves. They are defined by their physical dimension and character as well as the size, scale, and character of the buildings that line them. Streets range from grand avenues such as the Champs-Elysees in Paris to small, intimate pedestrian streets. The pattern of the street network is part of what defines a city and what makes each city unique.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilization

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_water

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_water


Transport

Transport systems connect the parts of cities and help shape them, and enable movement throughout the city. They include road, rail, bicycle, and pedestrian networks, and together form the total movement system of a city. The balance of these various transport systems is what helps define the quality and character of cities, and makes them either friendly or hostile to pedestrians. The best cities are the ones that elevate the experience of the pedestrian while minimizing the dominance of the private automobile.

Landscape

The landscape is the green part of the city that weaves throughout - in the form of urban parks, street trees, plants, flowers, and water in many forms. The landscape helps define the character and beauty of a city and creates soft, contrasting spaces and elements. Green spaces in cities range from grand parks such as Central Park in New York City and the Washington DC Mall, to small intimate pocket parks.

What makes a good city

High standard of living is a key component of a good city. Standard of living

generally refers to the level of economic success, availability of necessities,

infrastructure, schools and education, health and sanitation, stability and sustainability of

a city. Economic success brings wealth and attracts investments to a city, in turn, more

job opportunities and better quality of employment are offered. In response to increase in

household income, more consumer goods and services are made available. The city

government is also benefited from the growth of economic activities. Increase in revenue

of the city government enables them to spend more in improving infrastructure like

public services and transportation systems; enhancing the educational system comprises

elementary, higher and tertiary levels; expanding medical services and controlling

pollution. Furthermore, standard of living also includes aspects of living that cannot be

bought or directly controlled by an individual, for instance, political and social

environment, and natural environment. Each of the aforementioned element forms an

integral part of high standard of living. Should all elements work together in harmony,

the results can be enhanced in multifold.

A successful city must embrace a good quality of life. Quality of life in a city takes into

account not only the material standard of living, but other intangible aspects that make

up human life which are freedom and human rights.

What is the future city

Our future is an unknown but future city can be planned.



The future city should focus on the needs of the people, the facilities,

infrastructures, and how it will sustain itself in the future. Future city will focus

on new technologies to make people’s lives better and comfortable.

To plan for the future we should refer to the past. Great cities such as Jericho,

Rome, and Babylon, these cities led mankind to new heights of culture and

commerce, though in the end some of them were destroyed. We should learn

from history to achieve a better future city.

Characteristics of future city

A stage reached in the development of infrastructure

A strategy for creating a competitive environment

An approach to inclusive and sustainable cities

3. Investigation & Data Collection:

Ancient Cities

Derinkuyu underground city



The Derinkuyu underground city is located in the same named town Derinkuyu,

which is situated 40km from Goreme (30 minute drive). There are about 600

outside doors to the city, hidden in the courtyards of surface dwellings. The

underground city is approximately 85m deep. It contains all the usual rooms

found in an underground city (stables, cellars, storage rooms, refectories,

churches, wineries etc.) Apart from these, a large room with a barrel vaulted

ceiling on the second floor was a missionary school, the rooms to the left being

study rooms.

From the 3rd and 4th floors onwards the descent is by way of vertical staircases

which lead to a cruciform plan church on the lowest floor. The 55m deep

ventilation shaft was also used as a well. Not every floor was provided with water

wells up to the surface in order to protect the dwellers from poisoning during

raids. Derinkuyu contains at least 15,000 ventilation ducts that provide fresh air

deep within the underground city. The Derinkuyu Underground City was opened

to visitors in 1965 but so far less than half of it can be visited.

It is unlikely that the underground cities were ever intended for permanent

dwelling, or even long stays, but they were clearly built to withstand attack and

could support large numbers of people and their domestic animals, for extended

periods of time. The urban organization was very complex, and there was

probably always work in progress.

The extensive networks of passages, tunnels, stepped pits and inclined corridors

link family rooms and communal spaces where people would meet, work and

worship. The cities were complete with wells, chimneys for air circulation, niches

for oil lamps, stores, water tanks, stables and areas where the dead could be

placed until such time as conditions on the surface would allow their proper

disposal. Most importantly, carefully balanced moving stone doors, resembling

mill stones, were devised to quickly block the corridors in the event of an attack.

Of course, these doors operated from one side only!



In conclusion, Derinkuyu Underground city is an outstanding example of what

man can achieve in order to protect the lives of themselves, friends and family.

The main thing I learnt from Derinkuyu underground city is the uses of large

ventilation shafts. This is quite an important element because it is used to

provide underground air ventilation.



4. Investigation & Data Collection:

Present Cities

Copenhagen

Copenhagen is recognized as one of the most environmentally friendly cities in

the world. The municipal policy is to reduce CO2 emissions by 20% before the

end of 2015. In 2001 a large offshore wind farm was built just off the coast of

Copenhagen at Middelgrunden. It produces about 4% of the city's energy. Years

of substantial investment in sewage treatment have improved water quality in

the harbour to an extent that the inner harbour can be used for swimming with

facilities at a number of locations.

Carbon Neutral by 2025

Copenhagen intends to be carbon-neutral by 2025. In terms of Energy

Performance, an estimated 75% of the CO2 reductions will come from initiatives

in relation to the city’s energy system mainly involving an increase in the share

of renewable energy in the City’sdistrict heating.

The 1.7 million people living in Copenhagen are known for eschewing cars for

bikes or the metro system, but green transportation is only part of the city's eco-

friendly urban plan. In 2006, Copenhagen won the European Environmental

Award for its clean waterways and leadership in environmental planning.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_quality

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelgrunden

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming


In conclusion, Copenhagen urban green solutions are already being implemented

on a large scale and used by everyday people. These solutions have had

significant effects on CO2 emission and the city's livability.

What inspired me the most in Copenhagen is using bikes as the primary mode of

transportation. Cycling is generally perceived as a healthier, environmentally

friendly, cheaper and often quicker way around town than by public transport or

car .



5. Investigation & Data Collection:Future Cities

Water Re-balance , Shanghai



This project begins with the premise that Shanghai’s distribution of water

resources is out of balance. The first problem is a lack of groundwater;

according to the designers of the Water Re-balance tower, the people of

Shanghai, in the quest for clean water, have taken so much water from under

the city since 1860 that the city itself has sunk 1.7 meters in the past 40 years.

Additionally, the water supplies that do exist today are largely polluted. Despite

that shortage, the city does experience flooding in monsoon season, and the

Suzhou River’s level can sometimes reach to the city’s streets.

By building towers that can collect and purify rainwater and also purify the

water from the river, several advantageous things occur: clean, drinkable water

is readily available for the city; rising river levels are mitigated before flooding

occurs; and clean water can also be pumped back under ground to fix the

sinking subsidence problem the city is experiencing. Further, the tower collects

organic matter as it filters the water and uses that waste to develop and feed

farmland, wetlands, and to grow green algae. The farm and wetlands purify the

air, and the algae is cultivated and processed within the tower by a generator

to create energy.

In conclusion, water-rebalance is an awesome concept for the future of

Shanghai city since clean water is significant for city people to carry out

activities in daily lives.



Water purifying project will be implemented in my future city proposal to

produce clean and healthy water for the citizens.

6. Case study on the selected type of the future city



I gained my information about underground city through my research and

exploration on some related websites.

An underground city is a series of linked subterranean spaces that may

provide a defensive refuge; a place for living, working or shopping; a transit

system; mausolea; wine or storage cellars; cisterns or drainage channels; or

several of these. The term may also refer to a network of tunnels that connects

buildings beneath street level which may house office blocks, shopping

malls, metro stations, theatres, and other attractions. These passages can

usually be accessed through the public space of any of the buildings connecting

to them, and sometimes have separate entries as well. This latter definition

encompasses many modern structures, while the former more generally covers

tunnel systems from ancient times to the present day.

Underground cities are especially functional in cities with very cold or hot

climates, as they permit activities to be comfortably accessible year round

without regard to the weather. Underground cities are similar in nature

to skyway systems and may include some buildings linked by skyways or above-

ground corridors rather than underground.

In short,

Why underground city?

Resistance to severe weather


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyway

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_station

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_mall

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_mall

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisterns

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subterranea_(geography)


shelter people from scorching heat wave and deadly ultraviolet rays

caused by the thinning of ozone layer and global warming.

7. The Gold Zone

The reasons of living underground as what I mentioned above, resistance to severe weather, shelter people from scorching heat wave and deadly ultraviolet rays caused by the thinning of ozone layer and global warming.

Why “The Gold Zone”?This underground place was a gold mining place before the city is built and the city will be surrounded by gold after completed.



Aim of the cityTo provide a safe, sustainable and eco-friendly environment for citizens of the city to live lifelong.

Shape of the city Hexagon

Size of the city Approximately 40km²

Population Approximately 200,000

Number of region Five

Citizens in the city Malays, Chinese, Indians, Kadazan, Iban and etc

Religion of the citizens Muslim, Buddha, Hindu, Christian and etc



The Gold Zone will provide

Walkability and efficient public transportation

Large indoor places for agriculture plantation like vegetables and fruits to produce various type of food.



Water purifying system produces clean water for daily purposes.

The Gold Zone



Zonning



Government area and city development area are situated at the top region to carry out management of the city, research and invention of newtechnologies.

Since residential area islocated in region 3, educational area and religious area will be builtin region 2 to minimize the distance from residential area.

Residential area



surrounded with recreational areafor residents to relax and carry out activities.

Commercial areas andhospital situated in region 4 so that residents can buy anything they need and go to hospital when they are sick in a shorter time.

Waste management area,industrial area and agriculture area located in lowest region for wastes disposal, industrial works and



farming plantation.

Perspective



Transportation

• Canal highway (Main transport to connect between each region)

• LRT ( in every region)

Bikes



Lift

Escalator

Sustainable Approaches to make

it a better city



• Well developed organic food network. All the food come from organic sources.

• Wastes are disposed in non-polluted way.

Renewable energy is used such as -biomass -hydropower -geothermal



“Green walk’’ concept and public space exist in every region to build a green city.

8. Conclusion

From this project, I understand what is called a ‘’future city’’. A great future city is not merely a beautiful and cool city in appearance. Instead, it should have proper management, functions and provides all citizen’s needs. A great future city must also include sustainable approaches to make it better.

Moreover, I also realized that how important is to plan and

manage my time to complete a task given. As a student, we must have proper time management for every assignments so that we can efficiently finish each homework on time.



Finally, I would like to thank my lecturer who gave me a lot of useful advices that really helps in my planning of future city. This project was really a great experience overall.

9. Reference Links

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City

http://www.urbandesign.org/elements.html

http://www.studymode.com/essays/What-Makes-a-Successful-City-39972136.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_living

http://www.goreme.com/derinkuyu-underground-city.php

http://www.mydestination.com/cappadocia/travel-articles/72591/derinkuyu-underground-city#

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen



http://www.goreme.com/derinkuyu-underground-city.php

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_living



http://www.urbandesign.org/elements.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City


http://www.evolo.us/competition/water-re-balance-skyscraper-collects-and-purifies-rainwater/




x city report

Education

scorching

yeo dor een

future city

great future

derinkuyu

future city

residential

future city