X City Proposal

INTRODUCTION OF CITY:What is city?• A city is a relatively large and permanent

settlement. • Although there is no agreement on how a city is

distinguished from a town within general English Language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.

PAST CITY – Ancient city of ROME

Introduction of Ancient city of ROME

• Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that began growing on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC.• Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants.

History of Ancient city of Rome• According to the founding myth of Rome, the city was founded on 21 April 753 BC by twin brothers Romulus and Remus, who descended from theTrojan prince Aeneas and who were grandsons of the Latin King, Numitor of Alba Longa. • King Numitor was deposed from his throne by his brother,Amulius, while Numitor's daughter, Rhe Silvia, gave birth to the twins. Because Rhea Silvia was raped and impregnated by Mars, the Roman god of war, the twins were considered half divine.• The twins then founded their own city, but Romulus killed Remus in a quarrel over the location of the Roman Kingdom, though some sources state the quarrel was about who was going to rule or give his name to the city

Society The imperial city of Rome was the largest urban center of its time, with a population of about one million people (about the size of London in the early 19th century, when London was the largest city in the world), with some high-end estimates of 14 million and low-end estimates of 450,000.

The public spaces in Rome resounded with such a din of hooves and clatter of iron chariot wheels that Julius Caesar had once proposed a ban on chariot traffic during the day.

Julius Caesar

GovernmentAncient city of Rome is ruled by Kings. And Kings were elected from each of Rome’s major tribes in turn.

The class struggles of the Roman Republic resulted in an unusual mixture of democracy and oligarchy.

In addition to the authority of the King, there were three administrative assemblies: the Senate, which acted as an advisory body for the King.1. Comitia Curiata: which could endorse and ratify laws suggested by

the King.2. Comitia Calata: which was an assembly of the priestly college that

could assemble the people to bear witness to certain acts, hear proclamations, and declare the feast and holiday schedule for the next month.

EconomyAncient Rome commanded a vast area of land, with tremendous natural and human resources, for example: farming and trade.

Industrial and manufacturing activities were smaller. The largest such activities were the mining and quarrying of stones, which provided basic construction materials for the buildings of that period.

Trajan’s Market

Ancient Roman architecture1. Ancient Roman architecture adopted certain aspects of Ancient

Greek architecture, creating a new architectural style. 2. The Roman use of the arch and their improvements in the use

of concrete and bricks facilitated the building of the many aqueducts throughout theempire, such as the Aqueduct of Segovia and the eleven aqueducts in Rome itself, such as Aqua Claudia and Anio Novus.

3. The dome permitted construction of vaulted ceiling without crossbeams and provided large covered public space such as public baths and basilicas.

Present City-New York City

Introducti on of New York•New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populousurban agglomerations in the world.•Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs each of which is a county of New York State.•With a census-estimated 2012 population of 8,336,697] distributed over a land area of just 302.64 square miles (783.8 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States.

HistoryIn the precolonial era, the area of present day New York City was inhabited by various bands ofAlgonquian tribes of Native Americans, including the Lenape, whose homeland, known asLenapehoking, included Staten Island, the western portion of Long Island (including the area that would become Brooklyn and Queens), Manhattan, and the Lower Hudson Valley, including The Bronx.

Architecture• New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods from the saltbox style Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern One World Trade Center, the skyscraper currently under construction at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan and currently the most expensive new office tower in the world.

City Planning1. Mass transit use in New York City is the highest in the United

States, and gasoline consumption in the city is the same rate as the national average in the 1920s. The city's high level of mass transit use saved 1.8 billion US gallons (6,800,000 m3) of oil in 2006; New York City saves half of all the oil saved by transit nationwide.

2. The city's population density, low automobile use and high transit utility make it among the most energy efficient cities in the United States.

3. The city government was a petitioner in the landmark Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency Supreme Court case forcing the EPA to regulate greenhouse gases as pollutants.

TRANSPORTATION• Mass transit in New York City, most of which runs 24 hours a day, is the most complex and extensive in North America.• The iconic New York City Subway system is the busiest in the Western Hemisphere, while Grand Central Terminal, also popularly referred to as "Grand Central Station", is the world's largest railway station by number of platforms. New York's airspace is one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors.

• New York City is the top international air passenger gateway to the United States.